288 lines
33 KiB
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288 lines
33 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1076.69025" ID-GBIF-Dataset="74767cee-040d-4554-bf9c-6ba4177b39cf" ID-PMC="PMC8683394" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1076-151" ID-Pensoft-UUID="8DB0FAF7DD4E5718A2A57AFD9CC3A7EE" ID-PubMed="35002358" ID-ZooBank="7B4E12710B60450480B368028E4B1AD6" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1076-151" checkinTime="1639109995037" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Izumi, Takato & Fujii, Takuma" docDate="2021" docId="D4431F22BDB7546DA6FC73888125A467" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1076: 151-182" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1076" docPubDate="2021-12-10" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1076.69025" docTitle="Edwardsianthus sapphirus Izumi & Fujii 2021, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="84D8919D-0CF0-4C90-BD92-896482C4D206" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" id="8DB0FAF7DD4E5718A2A57AFD9CC3A7EE" lastPageNumber="151" masterDocId="8DB0FAF7DD4E5718A2A57AFD9CC3A7EE" masterDocTitle="Gems of the southern Japanese seas - four new species of Edwardsianthus (Anthozoa, Actiniaria, Edwardsiidae) with redescriptions of two species" masterLastPageNumber="182" masterPageNumber="151" pageNumber="151" updateTime="1668151217259" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Gems of the southern Japanese seas - four new species of Edwardsianthus (Anthozoa, Actiniaria, Edwardsiidae) with redescriptions of two species</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Izumi, Takato</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Molecular Invertebrate Systematics and Ecology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Chemistry, and Marine Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nishihara, Okinawa 903 - 0213, Japan</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">iz.takato@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Fujii, Takuma</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Kagoshima City Aquarium, 3 - 1 Honko-shinmachi, Kagoshima, 892 - 0814, Japan & International Center for Island Studies Amami Station, Kagoshima University, 15 - 1 Naze-Minatomachi, Amami, Kagoshima 894 - 0026, Japan & The Kagoshima University Museum, 1 - 21 - 30 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890 - 0065, Japan</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2021-12-10</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>1076</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>151</mods:start>
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<mods:end>182</mods:end>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1076.69025</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1076.69025</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1076-151</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">7B4E12710B60450480B368028E4B1AD6</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">8DB0FAF7DD4E5718A2A57AFD9CC3A7EE</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="191261407" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:84D8919D-0CF0-4C90-BD92-896482C4D206" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D4431F22BDB7546DA6FC73888125A467" lastPageNumber="151" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="151" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/84D8919D-0CF0-4C90-BD92-896482C4D206" authority="Izumi & Fujii, 2021" authorityName="Izumi & Fujii" authorityYear="2021" class="Anthozoa" family="Edwardsiidae" genus="Edwardsianthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Edwardsianthus sapphirus" order="Actiniaria" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sapphirus" status="sp. nov.">Edwardsianthus sapphirus</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="151">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="151" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. External and internal morphology of Edwardsianthus sapphirus sp. nov. (CMNH-ZG 09761). A oral view of living specimen in the habitat B outer view of preserved specimen; C. Transverse section of column in upper part D enlarged view of transverse section of parietal muscle E enlarged view of transverse section of retractor muscle F transverse section of ovary G longitudinal section of tentacle H transverse section of tentacle. Abbreviations: a, actinopharynx; fi, filament; me, mesoglea; ne, nemathybome; oo, oocytes; pa, parietal muscle; ph, physa; rm, retractor muscle; scs, scapus; te, tentacle; tlm, tentacular longitudinal muscle. Scale bars: 1 cm (A, B); 500 µm (C-E); 100 µm (F-H)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1072.69025.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/621141" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Japanese name: safaia-mushimodoki-ginchaku Figs 6</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Cnidae of Edwardsianthus species A-D E. sapphirus sp. nov. (CMNH-ZG 09761) A 1 spirocyst in tentacle A 2 basitrich in tentacle B 1 small basitrich in actinopharynx B 2 large basitrich in actinopharynx C 1 small basitrich in nemathybome C 2 large basitrich in nemathybome D 1 small basitrich in filament D 2 large basitrich in filament D 3 microbasic p - mastigophore in filament E-H E. smaragdus sp. nov. (CMNH-ZG 09762) E 1 spirocyst in tentacle E 2 basitrich in tentacle F 1 small basitrich in actinopharynx F 2 large basitrich in actinopharynx F 3 microbasic p - mastigophore in actinopharynx G 1 small basitrich in nemathybome; G 2 large basitrich in nemathybome; H 1 spirocyst in filament; H 2 small basitrich in filament H 3 large basitrich in filament H 4 microbasic p - mastigophore in filament I-K E. amethystus sp. nov. (CMNH-ZG 09763) I 1 spirocyst in tentacle I 2 basitrich in tentacle J 1 small basitrich in actinopharynx J 2 large basitrich in actinopharynx K 1 spirocyst in filament K 2 small basitrich in filament K 3 large basitrich in filament K 4 microbasic p - mastigophore in filament." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1072.69025.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/621142" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">, 7A-D</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="151" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2012-06-24" country="Japan" elevation="10" location="Oura Bay" municipality="Island" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Okinawa" typeStatus="Holotype">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
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<typeStatus>Holotype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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. CMNH-ZG 09761: histological sections, tissues in paraffin, and prepared nematocysts, collected by SCUBA diving on
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<collectingDate value="2012-06-24">24 June 2012</collectingDate>
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, in
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D4431F22BDB7546DA6FC73888125A467:93720486C1BD41BB4F88A1B93CC79AA2" country="Japan" municipality="Island" name="Oura Bay" stateProvince="Okinawa">Oura Bay</location>
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,
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<collectingRegion country="Japan" name="Okinawa">Okinawa</collectingRegion>
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<collectingMunicipality>Island</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<collectingRegion country="Japan" name="Okinawa">Okinawa Pref.</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry name="Japan">Japan</collectingCountry>
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,
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<elevation metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="m" value="10.0">
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<quantity metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="m" value="10.0">10 m</quantity>
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depth
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</elevation>
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, by Takuma Fujii.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="151" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">External anatomy</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Size: preserved specimen ca. 150 mm in whole length, and 20 mm (narrower part)-35 mm (broader part) in width, and> 300 mm in living animal. Column: cylinder-like form, and the proximal part swollen to some extent in preserved specimen. The column consisting of capitulum, scapus and quite small physa. The distal-most part of the capitulum transparently blue, short, without nemathybomes. Scapus with thin and easily stripped periderm, brown in color, and with quite numerous, tiny, pale white in color, scattered nemathybomes (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. External and internal morphology of Edwardsianthus sapphirus sp. nov. (CMNH-ZG 09761). A oral view of living specimen in the habitat B outer view of preserved specimen; C. Transverse section of column in upper part D enlarged view of transverse section of parietal muscle E enlarged view of transverse section of retractor muscle F transverse section of ovary G longitudinal section of tentacle H transverse section of tentacle. Abbreviations: a, actinopharynx; fi, filament; me, mesoglea; ne, nemathybome; oo, oocytes; pa, parietal muscle; ph, physa; rm, retractor muscle; scs, scapus; te, tentacle; tlm, tentacular longitudinal muscle. Scale bars: 1 cm (A, B); 500 µm (C-E); 100 µm (F-H)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1072.69025.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/621141" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">6B</figureCitation>
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). Nemathybomes. Aboral end differentiated small, tapered physa. Tentacles: 20 in number in two cycles: inner tentacles 5 and outer 15, metallic greenish blue in color with no pattern in living specimen (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. External and internal morphology of Edwardsianthus sapphirus sp. nov. (CMNH-ZG 09761). A oral view of living specimen in the habitat B outer view of preserved specimen; C. Transverse section of column in upper part D enlarged view of transverse section of parietal muscle E enlarged view of transverse section of retractor muscle F transverse section of ovary G longitudinal section of tentacle H transverse section of tentacle. Abbreviations: a, actinopharynx; fi, filament; me, mesoglea; ne, nemathybome; oo, oocytes; pa, parietal muscle; ph, physa; rm, retractor muscle; scs, scapus; te, tentacle; tlm, tentacular longitudinal muscle. Scale bars: 1 cm (A, B); 500 µm (C-E); 100 µm (F-H)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1072.69025.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/621141" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">6A</figureCitation>
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; this color lost in preserved specimen), slender, without acrospheres. Inner tentacles ca. 10 mm and outer ones 15-25 mm in length in the living specimen. Mouth: at the center of oral disc, apparently swollen in living animal (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. External and internal morphology of Edwardsianthus sapphirus sp. nov. (CMNH-ZG 09761). A oral view of living specimen in the habitat B outer view of preserved specimen; C. Transverse section of column in upper part D enlarged view of transverse section of parietal muscle E enlarged view of transverse section of retractor muscle F transverse section of ovary G longitudinal section of tentacle H transverse section of tentacle. Abbreviations: a, actinopharynx; fi, filament; me, mesoglea; ne, nemathybome; oo, oocytes; pa, parietal muscle; ph, physa; rm, retractor muscle; scs, scapus; te, tentacle; tlm, tentacular longitudinal muscle. Scale bars: 1 cm (A, B); 500 µm (C-E); 100 µm (F-H)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1072.69025.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/621141" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">6A</figureCitation>
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).
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Internal anatomy</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Mesenterial arrangement: eight perfect mesenteries, all macrocnemes. Four dorsal and ventral directives, and four lateral mesenteries not paired with other macrocnemes, arranged in normal
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Quatrefages" authorityYear="1842" class="Anthozoa" family="Edwardsiidae" genus="Edwardsia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Edwardsia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Edwardsia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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pattern (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. External and internal morphology of Edwardsianthus sapphirus sp. nov. (CMNH-ZG 09761). A oral view of living specimen in the habitat B outer view of preserved specimen; C. Transverse section of column in upper part D enlarged view of transverse section of parietal muscle E enlarged view of transverse section of retractor muscle F transverse section of ovary G longitudinal section of tentacle H transverse section of tentacle. Abbreviations: a, actinopharynx; fi, filament; me, mesoglea; ne, nemathybome; oo, oocytes; pa, parietal muscle; ph, physa; rm, retractor muscle; scs, scapus; te, tentacle; tlm, tentacular longitudinal muscle. Scale bars: 1 cm (A, B); 500 µm (C-E); 100 µm (F-H)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1072.69025.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/621141" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">6C</figureCitation>
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). All macrocnemes are present along the whole body length from oral to aboral end and bear distinct retractor and parietal muscles. Twelve tiny microcnemes, without muscles, only confined to distal-most part. Four microcnemes between dorsal directives and dorso-lateral mesenteries, four between dorso-and ventro-lateral mesenteries, and four between ventro-lateral mesenteries and ventral directives. Retractor muscles: at the mid part of column, strongly developed and diffused (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. External and internal morphology of Edwardsianthus sapphirus sp. nov. (CMNH-ZG 09761). A oral view of living specimen in the habitat B outer view of preserved specimen; C. Transverse section of column in upper part D enlarged view of transverse section of parietal muscle E enlarged view of transverse section of retractor muscle F transverse section of ovary G longitudinal section of tentacle H transverse section of tentacle. Abbreviations: a, actinopharynx; fi, filament; me, mesoglea; ne, nemathybome; oo, oocytes; pa, parietal muscle; ph, physa; rm, retractor muscle; scs, scapus; te, tentacle; tlm, tentacular longitudinal muscle. Scale bars: 1 cm (A, B); 500 µm (C-E); 100 µm (F-H)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1072.69025.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/621141" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">6E</figureCitation>
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), pennon-like, arranged with 120-150 muscular processes, simple or slightly branched. One process nearest to body wall extremely well-branched, with> 100 secondary and thirdly branched processes (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. External and internal morphology of Edwardsianthus sapphirus sp. nov. (CMNH-ZG 09761). A oral view of living specimen in the habitat B outer view of preserved specimen; C. Transverse section of column in upper part D enlarged view of transverse section of parietal muscle E enlarged view of transverse section of retractor muscle F transverse section of ovary G longitudinal section of tentacle H transverse section of tentacle. Abbreviations: a, actinopharynx; fi, filament; me, mesoglea; ne, nemathybome; oo, oocytes; pa, parietal muscle; ph, physa; rm, retractor muscle; scs, scapus; te, tentacle; tlm, tentacular longitudinal muscle. Scale bars: 1 cm (A, B); 500 µm (C-E); 100 µm (F-H)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1072.69025.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/621141" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">6E</figureCitation>
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). Parietal muscles: distinct, developed peculiarly: consisted of ca. 20-30 processes in each side, and only one of them extremely developed, branched into secondary 15-25 processes, and expanded broadly. Thus, parietals in entirety appearing in a characteristic shape like the club symbol of cards (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. External and internal morphology of Edwardsianthus sapphirus sp. nov. (CMNH-ZG 09761). A oral view of living specimen in the habitat B outer view of preserved specimen; C. Transverse section of column in upper part D enlarged view of transverse section of parietal muscle E enlarged view of transverse section of retractor muscle F transverse section of ovary G longitudinal section of tentacle H transverse section of tentacle. Abbreviations: a, actinopharynx; fi, filament; me, mesoglea; ne, nemathybome; oo, oocytes; pa, parietal muscle; ph, physa; rm, retractor muscle; scs, scapus; te, tentacle; tlm, tentacular longitudinal muscle. Scale bars: 1 cm (A, B); 500 µm (C-E); 100 µm (F-H)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1072.69025.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/621141" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">6D</figureCitation>
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). Others: each with one tentacle from each endo- or exocoels. Existence of siphonoglyph unknown because of contracted state of specimen. Tentacular circular muscle endodermal, indistinct (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. External and internal morphology of Edwardsianthus sapphirus sp. nov. (CMNH-ZG 09761). A oral view of living specimen in the habitat B outer view of preserved specimen; C. Transverse section of column in upper part D enlarged view of transverse section of parietal muscle E enlarged view of transverse section of retractor muscle F transverse section of ovary G longitudinal section of tentacle H transverse section of tentacle. Abbreviations: a, actinopharynx; fi, filament; me, mesoglea; ne, nemathybome; oo, oocytes; pa, parietal muscle; ph, physa; rm, retractor muscle; scs, scapus; te, tentacle; tlm, tentacular longitudinal muscle. Scale bars: 1 cm (A, B); 500 µm (C-E); 100 µm (F-H)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1072.69025.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/621141" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">6G</figureCitation>
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), and longitudinal muscle ectodermal, distinct, and sometimes pinnated (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. External and internal morphology of Edwardsianthus sapphirus sp. nov. (CMNH-ZG 09761). A oral view of living specimen in the habitat B outer view of preserved specimen; C. Transverse section of column in upper part D enlarged view of transverse section of parietal muscle E enlarged view of transverse section of retractor muscle F transverse section of ovary G longitudinal section of tentacle H transverse section of tentacle. Abbreviations: a, actinopharynx; fi, filament; me, mesoglea; ne, nemathybome; oo, oocytes; pa, parietal muscle; ph, physa; rm, retractor muscle; scs, scapus; te, tentacle; tlm, tentacular longitudinal muscle. Scale bars: 1 cm (A, B); 500 µm (C-E); 100 µm (F-H)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1072.69025.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/621141" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">6H</figureCitation>
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). Mesoglea thickest in body wall, sometimes reaching 1 mm in thickness (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. External and internal morphology of Edwardsianthus sapphirus sp. nov. (CMNH-ZG 09761). A oral view of living specimen in the habitat B outer view of preserved specimen; C. Transverse section of column in upper part D enlarged view of transverse section of parietal muscle E enlarged view of transverse section of retractor muscle F transverse section of ovary G longitudinal section of tentacle H transverse section of tentacle. Abbreviations: a, actinopharynx; fi, filament; me, mesoglea; ne, nemathybome; oo, oocytes; pa, parietal muscle; ph, physa; rm, retractor muscle; scs, scapus; te, tentacle; tlm, tentacular longitudinal muscle. Scale bars: 1 cm (A, B); 500 µm (C-E); 100 µm (F-H)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1072.69025.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/621141" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">6C</figureCitation>
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), but thinner in mesenteries, parietal muscle, and tentacles (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. External and internal morphology of Edwardsianthus sapphirus sp. nov. (CMNH-ZG 09761). A oral view of living specimen in the habitat B outer view of preserved specimen; C. Transverse section of column in upper part D enlarged view of transverse section of parietal muscle E enlarged view of transverse section of retractor muscle F transverse section of ovary G longitudinal section of tentacle H transverse section of tentacle. Abbreviations: a, actinopharynx; fi, filament; me, mesoglea; ne, nemathybome; oo, oocytes; pa, parietal muscle; ph, physa; rm, retractor muscle; scs, scapus; te, tentacle; tlm, tentacular longitudinal muscle. Scale bars: 1 cm (A, B); 500 µm (C-E); 100 µm (F-H)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1072.69025.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/621141" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">6E-H</figureCitation>
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). Nemathybomes protruding from mesoglea. Marginal sphincter muscle and basilar muscle absent. Gametogenic tissue apart from retractor muscles, distinct (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. External and internal morphology of Edwardsianthus sapphirus sp. nov. (CMNH-ZG 09761). A oral view of living specimen in the habitat B outer view of preserved specimen; C. Transverse section of column in upper part D enlarged view of transverse section of parietal muscle E enlarged view of transverse section of retractor muscle F transverse section of ovary G longitudinal section of tentacle H transverse section of tentacle. Abbreviations: a, actinopharynx; fi, filament; me, mesoglea; ne, nemathybome; oo, oocytes; pa, parietal muscle; ph, physa; rm, retractor muscle; scs, scapus; te, tentacle; tlm, tentacular longitudinal muscle. Scale bars: 1 cm (A, B); 500 µm (C-E); 100 µm (F-H)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1072.69025.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/621141" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">6C, F</figureCitation>
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), with matured oocytes.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Cnidom</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Basitrichs, spirocysts, microbasic
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">p</emphasis>
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-mastigophores. See Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Cnidae of Edwardsianthus species A-D E. sapphirus sp. nov. (CMNH-ZG 09761) A 1 spirocyst in tentacle A 2 basitrich in tentacle B 1 small basitrich in actinopharynx B 2 large basitrich in actinopharynx C 1 small basitrich in nemathybome C 2 large basitrich in nemathybome D 1 small basitrich in filament D 2 large basitrich in filament D 3 microbasic p - mastigophore in filament E-H E. smaragdus sp. nov. (CMNH-ZG 09762) E 1 spirocyst in tentacle E 2 basitrich in tentacle F 1 small basitrich in actinopharynx F 2 large basitrich in actinopharynx F 3 microbasic p - mastigophore in actinopharynx G 1 small basitrich in nemathybome; G 2 large basitrich in nemathybome; H 1 spirocyst in filament; H 2 small basitrich in filament H 3 large basitrich in filament H 4 microbasic p - mastigophore in filament I-K E. amethystus sp. nov. (CMNH-ZG 09763) I 1 spirocyst in tentacle I 2 basitrich in tentacle J 1 small basitrich in actinopharynx J 2 large basitrich in actinopharynx K 1 spirocyst in filament K 2 small basitrich in filament K 3 large basitrich in filament K 4 microbasic p - mastigophore in filament." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1072.69025.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/621142" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">7A-D</figureCitation>
|
||
and Table
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 5" captionStartId="T5" captionText="Table 5. Cnidoms of the species of Edwardsianthus sapphirus sp. nov., Edwardsianthus smaragdus sp. nov., and Edwardsianthus amethystus sp. nov." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/190441D4E517A29127E0082EA697D58B" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" tableUuid="190441D4E517A29127E0082EA697D58B">5</tableCitation>
|
||
for sizes and distribution.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1072.69025.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/621141" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" start="Figure 6" startId="F6">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Figure 6.</emphasis>
|
||
External and internal morphology of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Izumi & Fujii" authorityYear="2021" class="Anthozoa" family="Edwardsiidae" genus="Edwardsianthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Edwardsianthus sapphirus" order="Actiniaria" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sapphirus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Edwardsianthus sapphirus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. (CMNH-ZG 09761).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">A</emphasis>
|
||
oral view of living specimen in the habitat
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">B</emphasis>
|
||
outer view of preserved specimen;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">C</emphasis>
|
||
. Transverse section of column in upper part
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">D</emphasis>
|
||
enlarged view of transverse section of parietal muscle
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">E</emphasis>
|
||
enlarged view of transverse section of retractor muscle
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">F</emphasis>
|
||
transverse section of ovary
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">G</emphasis>
|
||
longitudinal section of tentacle
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">H</emphasis>
|
||
transverse section of tentacle. Abbreviations: a, actinopharynx; fi, filament; me, mesoglea; ne, nemathybome; oo, oocytes; pa, parietal muscle; ph, physa; rm, retractor muscle; scs, scapus; te, tentacle; tlm, tentacular longitudinal muscle. Scale bars: 1 cm (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">A, B</emphasis>
|
||
); 500
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">C-E</emphasis>
|
||
); 100
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">F-H</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1072.69025.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/621142" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" start="Figure 7" startId="F7">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Figure 7.</emphasis>
|
||
Cnidae of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="England" authorityYear="1987" class="Anthozoa" family="Edwardsiidae" genus="Edwardsianthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Edwardsianthus" order="Actiniaria" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Edwardsianthus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">A-D</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. sapphirus" order="Actiniaria" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sapphirus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">E. sapphirus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. (CMNH-ZG 09761)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">A1</emphasis>
|
||
spirocyst in tentacle
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">A2</emphasis>
|
||
basitrich in tentacle
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">B1</emphasis>
|
||
small basitrich in actinopharynx
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">B2</emphasis>
|
||
large basitrich in actinopharynx
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">C1</emphasis>
|
||
small basitrich in nemathybome
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">C2</emphasis>
|
||
large basitrich in nemathybome
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">D1</emphasis>
|
||
small basitrich in filament
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">D2</emphasis>
|
||
large basitrich in filament
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">D3</emphasis>
|
||
microbasic
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">p</emphasis>
|
||
-mastigophore in filament
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">E-H</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. smaragdus" order="Actiniaria" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="smaragdus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">E. smaragdus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. (CMNH-ZG 09762)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">E1</emphasis>
|
||
spirocyst in tentacle
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">E2</emphasis>
|
||
basitrich in tentacle
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">F1</emphasis>
|
||
small basitrich in actinopharynx
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">F2</emphasis>
|
||
large basitrich in actinopharynx
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">F3</emphasis>
|
||
microbasic
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">p</emphasis>
|
||
-mastigophore in actinopharynx
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">G1</emphasis>
|
||
small basitrich in nemathybome;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">G2</emphasis>
|
||
large basitrich in nemathybome;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">H1</emphasis>
|
||
spirocyst in filament;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">H2</emphasis>
|
||
small basitrich in filament
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">H3</emphasis>
|
||
large basitrich in filament
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">H4</emphasis>
|
||
microbasic
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">p</emphasis>
|
||
-mastigophore in filament
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">I-K</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. amethystus" order="Actiniaria" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="amethystus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">E. amethystus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. (CMNH-ZG 09763)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">I1</emphasis>
|
||
spirocyst in tentacle
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">I2</emphasis>
|
||
basitrich in tentacle
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">J1</emphasis>
|
||
small basitrich in actinopharynx
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">J2</emphasis>
|
||
large basitrich in actinopharynx
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">K1</emphasis>
|
||
spirocyst in filament
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">K2</emphasis>
|
||
small basitrich in filament
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">K3</emphasis>
|
||
large basitrich in filament
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">K4</emphasis>
|
||
microbasic
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">p</emphasis>
|
||
-mastigophore in filament.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="151" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
|
||
The species epithet refers to a sapphire, a gemstone, and is named so after the brilliant metallic blue color of the
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="species’">species'</normalizedToken>
|
||
tentacles. Derivation of the Japanese name is the same as that of the Latin species name.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="151" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
|
||
This species is one of the largest species of its family. It is not only characterized by its gigantic body size, and bluish metallic tentacle coloration, but also by the strange club-like shape of its parietal muscles. Congeneric species have parietal muscles with simple or slightly branched processes, and there are no confirmed cases of parietal muscles with such secondary branched muscular processes in other species. Thus, the shape of parietal muscle of this species is very conspicuous within its genus, allowing
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. sapphirus" order="Actiniaria" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sapphirus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">E. sapphirus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to be distinguished easily from its congeners.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="151">There have been several observations of the metallic blue tentacles resembling this species reported during SCUBA diving in Amami Oshima by Takuma Fujii and some other divers (Atetsu Bay and some other places). However, it was too difficult to dig out such large edwardsiid sea anemones that are buried deeply in the substrate, as they usually retract their whole bodies quickly into the substrate. Therefore, we think that the difficulty in collecting multiple specimens is the most serious issue that needs to be overcome in order to make additional progress in the study of edwardsiids.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |