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<document id="695FCFC72D5584DE545AC065455599F0" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.210824" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4a3ca8ca-49ff-4de5-99fb-53dca97cd62c" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="210824" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460551861589" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Hayes, Polly, Justine, Jean-Lou &amp; Boxshall, Geoffrey A." docDate="2012" docId="9B238789FFE68078768BF8B7FD48FA97" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03534p039.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3534" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Caligus spinosurculus Pearse 1951" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="36" masterDocId="671AFFF1FFE88077761CFFE6FFA1FFC3" masterDocTitle="The genus Caligus Müller, 1785 (Copepoda: Siphonostomatoida): two new species from reef associated fishes in New Caledonia, and some nomenclatural problems resolved" masterLastPageNumber="39" masterPageNumber="21" pageNumber="35" updateTime="1698318448691" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="B82573B6A810873A0A74470BEC43AC9B">The genus Caligus Müller, 1785 (Copepoda: Siphonostomatoida): two new species from reef associated fishes in New Caledonia, and some nomenclatural problems resolved</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F7C74EBC8FBE72B8831C9D70D0D9C96E">Hayes, Polly</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="AC10C6042AD8577385F671D2B6C554B1">Justine, Jean-Lou</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="71B440E037BA677F8BC0454686DE6388">Boxshall, Geoffrey A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="0971701826DE31BDCEDA126552D3976C">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="15B3F9440604F6B22729B2EECC4AFE29">2012</mods:date>
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<treatment id="9B238789FFE68078768BF8B7FD48FA97" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6167107" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119530671" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6167107" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9B238789FFE68078768BF8B7FD48FA97" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9B238789FFE68078768BF8B7FD48FA97" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="14" pageNumber="35">
<subSubSection id="5B906514FFE68078768BF8B7FBFAFE37" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="14" pageNumber="35" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="1335369FFFE68079768BF8B7FDE9F8A9" blockId="14.[151,584,1872,1899]" box="[151,584,1872,1899]" pageId="14" pageNumber="35">
<heading id="487D81F3FFE68079768BF8B7FDE9F8A9" bold="true" box="[151,584,1872,1899]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="35" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="D48A4D1CFFE68079768BF8B7FDE9F8A9" authority="Pearse, 1951" authorityName="Pearse" authorityYear="1951" box="[151,584,1872,1899]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="14" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinosurculus">
<emphasis id="21FEEA8DFFE68079768BF8B7FDE9F8A9" bold="true" box="[151,584,1872,1899]" pageId="14" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis id="21FEEA8DFFE68079768BF8B7FE04F8A8" bold="true" box="[151,421,1873,1899]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="35">Caligus spinosurculus</emphasis>
Pearse, 1951
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1335369FFFE68078768BF871FBFAFE37" blockId="14.[151,1436,1943,2004]" lastBlockId="15.[151,1436,151,1364]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="14" pageNumber="35">
This poorly described species belongs to the cluster of caligid species that share the following distinctive features in the female: bifid postantennal process and bifid posterior process of the maxillule, heavily ornamented apron of the third leg with an outer longitudinal row of spinules, an inner rosette of large spinules, and a prominent rib-like structure with a bifid apex, arising near the border with the intercoxal sclerite, a massive and strongly incurved spine on the first exopodal segment of leg 3, and a 3-segmented exopod on leg 4 armed with I,I,III spines. In the male the genital somite is slender and the short, two-segmented abdomen is as wide as the genital somite at its posterior margin. The list of nominal species sharing these features includes:
<taxonomicName id="D48A4D1CFFE78078721CFECEFA93FEFC" authority="Kroyer, 1863" authorityName="Kroyer" authorityYear="1863" box="[1024,1330,295,320]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chorinemi">
<emphasis id="21FEEA8DFFE78078721CFECEFB32FE83" box="[1024,1171,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">C. chorinemi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="771B4B6EFFE780787286FECEFA93FEFC" author="Kroyer" box="[1178,1330,295,320]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" refString="Kroyer, H. (1863) Bidrag til Kundskab om Snyltekrebsene. Naturhistorisk Tidsskrift, series 3, 2, 75 - 320, pls 1 - 9." type="journal article" year="1863">Krøyer, 1863</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="D48A4D1CFFE780787322FECEFE88FEA7" authority="Heller, 1865" authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1865" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenax">
<emphasis id="21FEEA8DFFE780787322FECEFA3AFE83" box="[1342,1435,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">C. tenax</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="771B4B6EFFE78078768BFEAAFE88FEA7" author="Heller" box="[151,297,332,356]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" refString="Heller, C. (1865) Crustaceen. In: Reise der Osterreichischen Fregatte Novara um die Erde in den Jahren 1857, 1858, 1859. (Zoologie), 2, 1 - 280, pls 1 - 25." type="book chapter" year="1865">Heller, 1865</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="D48A4D1CFFE780787725FEABFDFEFEA7" authority="Wilson, 1921" authorityName="Wilson" authorityYear="1921" box="[313,607,332,356]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aesopus">
<emphasis id="21FEEA8DFFE780787725FEABFE19FEA7" box="[313,440,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">C. aesopus</emphasis>
Wilson, 1921
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="D48A4D1CFFE78078746CFEABFC91FEA7" box="[624,816,332,356]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinosurculus">
<emphasis id="21FEEA8DFFE78078746CFEABFC91FEA7" box="[624,816,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">C. spinosurculus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="D48A4D1CFFE78078755EFEABFBF9FEA7" authority="Pearse, 1951" authorityName="Pearse" authorityYear="1951" box="[834,1112,332,356]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="germoi">
<emphasis id="21FEEA8DFFE78078755EFEABFC16FEA7" box="[834,951,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">C. germoi</emphasis>
Pearse, 1951
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="D48A4D1CFFE780787274FEABFAD2FEA7" authority="Pearse, 1952" authorityName="Pearse" authorityYear="1952" box="[1128,1395,332,356]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rectus">
<emphasis id="21FEEA8DFFE780787274FEABFB71FEA7" box="[1128,1232,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">C. rectus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="771B4B6EFFE7807872C0FEABFAD2FEA7" author="Pearse" box="[1244,1395,332,356]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" refString="Pearse, A. S. (1952) Parasitic Crustacea from the Texas coast. Publications of the Institute of Marine Science, The University of Texas, 2, 5 - 42." type="journal article" year="1952">Pearse, 1952</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="D48A4D1CFFE78078739EFEABFF58FE4B" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="confusus">
<emphasis id="21FEEA8DFFE78078739EFEABFF58FE4B" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">C. confusus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="D48A4D1CFFE780787714FE96FEDEFE4B" box="[264,383,368,392]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Carangidae" genus="Megalaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cordyla">
<emphasis id="21FEEA8DFFE780787714FE96FEDEFE4B" box="[264,383,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">C. cordyla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="D48A4D1CFFE780787792FE96FCBCFE44" authority="Hameed &amp; Pillai, 1986" authorityName="Hameed &amp; Pillai" authorityYear="1986" box="[398,797,367,392]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zylanica">
<emphasis id="21FEEA8DFFE780787792FE96FDAFFE4B" box="[398,526,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">C. zylanica</emphasis>
Hameed &amp; Pillai, 1986
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="D48A4D1CFFE78078754BFE96FB37FE44" authority="Ho &amp; Lin, 2003" authorityName="Ho &amp; Lin" authorityYear="2003" box="[855,1174,367,392]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="equulae">
<emphasis id="21FEEA8DFFE78078754BFE96FC73FE4B" box="[855,978,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">C. equulae</emphasis>
Ho &amp; Lin, 2003
</taxonomicName>
. The close relationship between these species is supported by additional shared similarities including the relatively elongate distal segment of the antennule, the relatively long claw of the antenna and the weak development of the posterior process on the antenna, and the possession of a simple but strongly curved claw on the male antenna.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5B906514FFE7807876DBFDE6FD48FA97" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="1335369FFFE7807876DBFDE6FAA0FD0F" blockId="15.[151,1436,151,1364]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">
<taxonomicName id="D48A4D1CFFE7807876DBFDE6FD0BFDD4" authority="Steenstrup &amp; Lutken, 1861" authorityName="Steenstrup &amp; Lutken" authorityYear="1861" box="[199,682,511,536]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="isonyx">
<emphasis id="21FEEA8DFFE7807876DBFDE6FECFFDDB" box="[199,366,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">Caligus isonyx</emphasis>
Steenstrup &amp; Lütken, 1861
</taxonomicName>
, as redescribed by
<bibRefCitation id="771B4B6EFFE78078759FFE19FB90FDD4" author="Cressey" box="[899,1073,511,535]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" refString="Cressey, R. (1991) Parasitic copepods from the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea, III: Caligus. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 497, 1 - 53." type="journal article" year="1991">Cressey (1991)</bibRefCitation>
, is closely related to this cluster of species, sharing most of these character states, but it is excluded from consideration as it has a simple postantennal process and simple posterior process of the maxillule.
<taxonomicName id="D48A4D1CFFE780787597FDAEFB61FD9C" authority="Kabata, 1965" authorityName="Kabata" authorityYear="1965" box="[907,1216,583,608]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fortis">
<emphasis id="21FEEA8DFFE780787597FDAEFB85FDA3" box="[907,1060,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">Caligus fortis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="771B4B6EFFE780787237FDA1FB61FD9C" author="Kabata" box="[1067,1216,583,607]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" refString="Kabata, Z. (1965) Copepoda parasitic on Australian fishes. III. Genera Dentigryps, Heniochophilus and Pseudanuretes (Caligidae). Annals and Magazine of Natural History, series 13, 8, 19 - 31." type="journal article" year="1965">Kabata, 1965</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
also shares most of these character states including the bifid processes, but the inner rosette of spinules on the apron of leg 3 is less prominent and the rib-like structure is lacking, and the spine on the first exopodal segment of leg 3 is smaller and relatively straight, rather than strongly incurved. We exclude
<taxonomicName id="D48A4D1CFFE780787559FD53FC00FD0F" box="[837,929,692,716]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fortis">
<emphasis id="21FEEA8DFFE780787559FD53FC00FD0F" box="[837,929,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">C. fortis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the further consideration.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1335369FFFE7807876DBFD31FCD7FC67" blockId="15.[151,1436,151,1364]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">
<bibRefCitation id="771B4B6EFFE7807876DBFD31FED3FD2C" author="Cressey" box="[199,370,727,751]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" refString="Cressey, R. (1991) Parasitic copepods from the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea, III: Caligus. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 497, 1 - 53." type="journal article" year="1991">Cressey (1991)</bibRefCitation>
redescribed
<taxonomicName id="D48A4D1CFFE780787418FD3EFD77FD33" box="[516,726,728,752]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chorinemi">
<emphasis id="21FEEA8DFFE780787418FD3EFD77FD33" box="[516,726,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">Caligus chorinemi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
after re-examination of Krøyer’s
<typeStatus id="CC31883DFFE78078724AFD31FB19FD2C" box="[1110,1208,727,751]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
and listed
<taxonomicName id="D48A4D1CFFE78078732AFD3EFA35FD33" box="[1334,1428,728,752]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenax">
<emphasis id="21FEEA8DFFE78078732AFD3EFA35FD33" box="[1334,1428,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">C. tenax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="D48A4D1CFFE78078768BFD1BFEA6FCD7" box="[151,263,765,788]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="germoi">
<emphasis id="21FEEA8DFFE78078768BFD1BFEA6FCD7" box="[151,263,765,788]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">C. germoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="D48A4D1CFFE78078775CFD1BFE05FCD7" box="[320,420,765,788]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rectus">
<emphasis id="21FEEA8DFFE78078775CFD1BFE05FCD7" box="[320,420,765,788]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">C. rectus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as new synonyms. Cressey presumably examined the
<typeStatus id="CC31883DFFE780787210FD1AFBCFFCD7" box="[1036,1134,764,788]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="D48A4D1CFFE780787289FD1BFB5BFCD7" box="[1173,1274,765,788]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rectus">
<emphasis id="21FEEA8DFFE780787289FD1BFB5BFCD7" box="[1173,1274,765,788]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">C. rectus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as the USNM registration number was cited in his account (
<bibRefCitation id="771B4B6EFFE78078748CFCF9FC93FCF4" author="Cressey" box="[656,818,799,823]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" refString="Cressey, R. (1991) Parasitic copepods from the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea, III: Caligus. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 497, 1 - 53." type="journal article" year="1991">Cressey, 1991</bibRefCitation>
). Cressey noted that he had found
<taxonomicName id="D48A4D1CFFE7807872ACFCC6FAE3FCFB" box="[1200,1346,800,824]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chorinemi">
<emphasis id="21FEEA8DFFE7807872ACFCC6FAE3FCFB" box="[1200,1346,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">C. chorinemi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
only on carangid fishes from the western Atlantic and that published records under the name
<taxonomicName id="D48A4D1CFFE78078724AFCA3FB14FC9F" box="[1110,1205,837,860]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenax">
<emphasis id="21FEEA8DFFE78078724AFCA3FB14FC9F" box="[1110,1205,837,860]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">C. tenax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the Indian and Pacific Oceans were of a related but different species. The relegation of
<taxonomicName id="D48A4D1CFFE7807875C8FC8EFBE4FC43" box="[980,1093,872,896]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="germoi">
<emphasis id="21FEEA8DFFE7807875C8FC8EFBE4FC43" box="[980,1093,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">C. germoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="D48A4D1CFFE780787263FC8EFB45FC43" box="[1151,1252,872,896]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rectus">
<emphasis id="21FEEA8DFFE780787263FC8EFB45FC43" box="[1151,1252,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">C. rectus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to synonymy is well supported by the similarities in descriptions of these species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1335369FFFE7807876DBFC56FE44FB5C" blockId="15.[151,1436,151,1364]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">
We do not accept Cressey’s (1991) treatment of
<taxonomicName id="D48A4D1CFFE7807874F1FC56FCEDFC0B" box="[749,844,944,968]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenax">
<emphasis id="21FEEA8DFFE7807874F1FC56FCEDFC0B" box="[749,844,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">C. tenax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a synonym of
<taxonomicName id="D48A4D1CFFE780787204FC56FB0AFC0B" box="[1048,1195,944,968]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chorinemi">
<emphasis id="21FEEA8DFFE780787204FC56FB0AFC0B" box="[1048,1195,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">C. chorinemi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The key differences are the proportional lengths of the female genital complex and abdomen. The genital complex of female
<taxonomicName id="D48A4D1CFFE78078739EFC33FEA8FBD3" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chorinemi">
<emphasis id="21FEEA8DFFE78078739EFC33FEA8FBD3" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">C. chorinemi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is 1.3 to 1.4 times longer than the abdomen and the abdomen is about 2.9 times longer than wide (measured from
<bibRefCitation id="771B4B6EFFE780787753FBFAFE51FBF7" author="Cressey" box="[335,496,1052,1076]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" refString="Cressey, R. (1991) Parasitic copepods from the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea, III: Caligus. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 497, 1 - 53." type="journal article" year="1991">Cressey, 1991</bibRefCitation>
: figure 198). In contrast, Heller’s (1865) figure shows the female genital complex of
<taxonomicName id="D48A4D1CFFE78078768BFBA6FF57FB9B" box="[151,246,1088,1112]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenax">
<emphasis id="21FEEA8DFFE78078768BFBA6FF57FB9B" box="[151,246,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">C. tenax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as 2.8 times longer than the abdomen and the abdomen as only 1.5 times longer than wide. These are major differences and cannot be accounted for by intraspecific variability and we consider
<taxonomicName id="D48A4D1CFFE780787292FB83FB4AFBBF" box="[1166,1259,1125,1148]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenax">
<emphasis id="21FEEA8DFFE780787292FB83FB4AFBBF" box="[1166,1259,1125,1148]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">C. tenax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
a valid species, found in the western Atlantic.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1335369FFFE7807876DBFB4AFD48FA97" blockId="15.[151,1436,151,1364]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">
The genital complex of adult female
<taxonomicName id="D48A4D1CFFE78078746AFB4BFC94FB07" box="[630,821,1196,1220]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinosurculus">
<emphasis id="21FEEA8DFFE78078746AFB4BFC94FB07" box="[630,821,1196,1220]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">C. spinosurculus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is nearly 3.5 times longer than the abdomen and the abdomen is 1.5 times longer than wide. We consider this falls within the range of
<taxonomicName id="D48A4D1CFFE780787229FB36FB32FB2B" box="[1077,1171,1232,1256]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenax">
<emphasis id="21FEEA8DFFE780787229FB36FB32FB2B" box="[1077,1171,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">C. tenax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and propose to treat
<taxonomicName id="D48A4D1CFFE78078739EFB36FE6BFACF" authority="Pearse, 1951" authorityName="Pearse" authorityYear="1951" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinosurculus">
<emphasis id="21FEEA8DFFE78078739EFB36FE93FACF" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">C. spinosurculus</emphasis>
Pearse, 1951
</taxonomicName>
as a junior subjective synonym of
<taxonomicName id="D48A4D1CFFE780787546FB13FBF1FACF" authority="Heller, 1865" authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1865" box="[858,1104,1268,1292]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenax">
<emphasis id="21FEEA8DFFE780787546FB13FC19FACF" box="[858,952,1269,1292]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">C. tenax</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="771B4B6EFFE7807875DDFB12FBF1FACF" author="Heller" box="[961,1104,1268,1292]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" refString="Heller, C. (1865) Crustaceen. In: Reise der Osterreichischen Fregatte Novara um die Erde in den Jahren 1857, 1858, 1859. (Zoologie), 2, 1 - 280, pls 1 - 25." type="book chapter" year="1865">Heller, 1865</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. The relationship between
<taxonomicName id="D48A4D1CFFE78078739EFB13FF75FAF3" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenax">
<emphasis id="21FEEA8DFFE78078739EFB13FF75FAF3" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">C. tenax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the western Atlantic species, and the species that has been reported as
<taxonomicName id="D48A4D1CFFE7807875EAFAFEFBF5FAF3" box="[1014,1108,1304,1328]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Caligidae" genus="Caligus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonostomatoida" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenax">
<emphasis id="21FEEA8DFFE7807875EAFAFEFBF5FAF3" box="[1014,1108,1304,1328]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="36">C. tenax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Indo-Pacific fishes still needs to be resolved, as indicated by
<bibRefCitation id="771B4B6EFFE78078742BFADAFD44FA97" author="Cressey" box="[567,741,1340,1364]" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" refString="Cressey, R. (1991) Parasitic copepods from the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea, III: Caligus. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 497, 1 - 53." type="journal article" year="1991">Cressey (1991)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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