392 lines
47 KiB
XML
392 lines
47 KiB
XML
<document id="745F71336BE9FFB37B14A9BFDFA33AEA" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.180363" ID-GBIF-Dataset="645462c6-7f1f-49d3-beec-d5e33a9f73bb" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="180363" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459804437028" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Smith, David G., Brokovich, Eran & Einbinder, Shai" docDate="2008" docId="686987D2FF8A6177FF72F881A3854163" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01678p068.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1678" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleId="6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Gymnothorax baranesi Smith, Brokovich & Einbinder, 2008, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="68" masterDocId="9450FFAAFF8A6172FFE5FFE5A2104309" masterDocTitle="Gymnothorax baranesi, a new moray eel (Anguilliformes: Muraenidae) from the Red Sea" masterLastPageNumber="68" masterPageNumber="63" pageNumber="63" updateTime="1698220466457" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="717F4D73E44D5043C652217D6881C3A9">Gymnothorax baranesi, a new moray eel (Anguilliformes: Muraenidae) from the Red Sea</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="799CEC9A75A09B9D73BE52C0A5BF3BC7" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="BC1BC26F2FF1C7763B57D2F12097BD5C">Smith, David G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="28BB02F1BDD6854236AE62EF4F24D12F">Brokovich, Eran</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="F9A2411148570106C5A7B6942613AD06" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="E94597F7862AD72BE052EF9842287350">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="69889EC77ED8918FD2DAADE5BA5D59C9">Einbinder, Shai</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="EDF2EE6017EDA7D854D1AF1CEC9D35E3">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="E39EF80FDD23E6DD6F0F77A2CCE61438">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="3B9861825B33AE9A3601BC5259F963B1">
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<mods:date id="F3709192A38B6D4958D821C004C302B2">2008</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="35665C0BB2A2160ECEF175B398E3DBEA" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="D327FE4B8ED7E0A6BAF18591A916D272">1678</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="8478DA7205B682BF2747B9E5A94896D4">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="1985A26F195EB55ED9F5AA57B944B318" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.180363</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="97B3532161D8A2D4059C4EB17BE428D6" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="22290C04FBCF19B93BBAAFCECD1F98A9" type="Zenodo-Dep">180363</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="686987D2FF8A6177FF72F881A3854163" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6227688" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119352722" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6227688" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:5FF8A10C-F804-46C3-BA80-BC74C85F1A22" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/686987D2FF8A6177FF72F881A3854163" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="68" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
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<subSubSection id="A8DA654FFF8A6172FF72F881A0914477" box="[151,641,1892,1918]" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="E07F36C4FF8A6172FF72F881A0914477" blockId="0.[151,641,1892,1918]" box="[151,641,1892,1918]" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
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<heading id="BB3781A8FF8A6172FF72F881A0914477" bold="true" box="[151,641,1892,1918]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="D2B4EAD6FF8A6172FF72F881A0914477" bold="true" box="[151,641,1892,1918]" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
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<taxonomicName id="27C04D47FF8A6172FF72F881A3BE4477" ID-CoL="6L7KZ" box="[151,430,1892,1918]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Gymnothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="baranesi" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="D2B4EAD6FF8A6172FF72F881A3BE4477" bold="true" box="[151,430,1892,1918]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Gymnothorax baranesi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="C98757ADFF8A6172FE50F881A3E74477" box="[437,503,1892,1918]" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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(
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<figureCitation id="78FB2A41FF8A6172FDE2F881A0684477" box="[519,632,1892,1918]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStart-3="FIGURE 4" captionStartId-0="1.[151,255,1404,1428]" captionStartId-1="2.[151,255,1178,1202]" captionStartId-2="3.[151,255,1253,1277]" captionStartId-3="4.[151,255,1888,1912]" captionTargetBox-0="[237,1325,489,1380]" captionTargetBox-1="[200,1356,261,1158]" captionTargetId-0="figure@1.[207,1399,456,1380]" captionTargetId-1="figure@2.[200,1391,261,1158]" captionTargetPageId-0="1" captionTargetPageId-1="2" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Gymnothorax baranesi, holotype, 857 mm TL, HUJ 18976." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Head of holotype." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Gymnothorax baranesi, paratype, 762 mm, HUJ 18975." captionText-3="FIGURE 4. Dentition of holotype (A) and HUJ paratype (B)." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/180364/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/180365/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Figs. 1–4</figureCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="A8DA654FFF8A6173FF72F84AA06A420B" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="64" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="E07F36C4FF8A6172FF72F84AA3D444F8" blockId="0.[151,1436,1967,2033]" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
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<emphasis id="D2B4EAD6FF8A6172FF72F84AA30244C0" bold="true" box="[151,274,1967,1993]" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
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<typeStatus id="3F7B8866FF8A6172FF72F84AA31E44C0" box="[151,270,1967,1993]" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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:
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</emphasis>
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<collectionCode id="86D1AE01FF8A6172FEFFF84AA34044C0" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15399" box="[282,336,1967,1993]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15399" name="Hebrew University" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">HUJ</collectionCode>
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18976 (male,
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<quantity id="27389B21FF8A6172FE1DF84AA04944C0" box="[504,601,1967,1993]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.57" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" unit="mm" value="857.0">857 mm</quantity>
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TL), Red Sea, Gulf of Aqaba,
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<geoCoordinate id="85F45003FF8A6172FC27F84AA67C44C0" box="[962,1132,1967,1993]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" precision="1" value="29.4925">29°29'33.0" N</geoCoordinate>
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, 34°55.07.8" E,
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<quantity id="27389B21FF8A6172FAC9F84AA76944C0" box="[1324,1401,1967,1993]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" unit="m" value="200.0">200 m</quantity>
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, S. Einbinder,
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<date id="947E1004FF8A6172FEFDF832A3D044F8" box="[280,448,2007,2033]" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" value="2002-04-23">23 April 2002</date>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E07F36C4FF8B6173FF23FF72A06A420B" blockId="1.[151,1436,151,418]" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">
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<emphasis id="D2B4EAD6FF8B6173FF23FF72A35D43B8" bold="true" box="[198,333,151,177]" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">
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<typeStatus id="3F7B8866FF8B6173FF23FF72A35843B8" box="[198,328,151,177]" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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:
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</emphasis>
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<collectionCode id="86D1AE01FF8B6173FEB3FF7DA39C43BB" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15399" box="[342,396,152,178]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15399" name="Hebrew University" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">HUJ</collectionCode>
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18975 (1: 762), Red Sea, Gulf of Aqaba,
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<geoCoordinate id="85F45003FF8B6173FC63FF7DA62243BB" box="[902,1074,152,178]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" precision="1" value="29.493805">29°29'37.7" N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="85F45003FF8B6173FBA5FF7DA6CF43BB" box="[1088,1247,152,178]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" precision="1" value="34.91964">34°55'10.7"E</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<quantity id="27389B21FF8B6173FB08FF7DA72A43BB" box="[1261,1338,152,178]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" unit="m" value="200.0">200 m</quantity>
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, S. Einbinder,
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<date id="947E1004FF8B6173FF14FF25A3D943D3" box="[241,457,192,218]" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" value="2002-02-22">22 February 2002</date>
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;
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<collectionCode id="86D1AE01FF8B6173FE3DFF25A03D43D3" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[472,557,192,218]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">USNM</collectionCode>
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388603 (1: 828), Red Sea, Gulf of Aqaba, Same locality,
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<quantity id="27389B21FF8B6173FB0EFF25A72B43D3" box="[1259,1339,192,218]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" unit="m" value="200.0">200 m</quantity>
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, S. Einbinder and E. Brokovich,
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<date id="947E1004FF8B6173FE20FF0DA065420B" box="[453,629,232,258]" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" value="2005-08-03">3 August 2005</date>
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.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="A8DA654FFF8B6173FF23FEEAA6BB42AB" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="E07F36C4FF8B6173FF23FEEAA6BB42AB" blockId="1.[151,1436,151,418]" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">
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<emphasis id="D2B4EAD6FF8B6173FF23FEEAA32F4220" bold="true" box="[198,319,271,297]" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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. A moderately large moray of the subfamily
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<taxonomicName id="27C04D47FF8B6173FCAAFEF5A1CB4223" box="[847,987,272,298]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Muraeninae">Muraeninae</taxonomicName>
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with a color pattern of irregular, complex, rosette-like pale spots on a brown background, the spots becoming smaller on head. Intermaxillary teeth in one peripheral and one median row. Maxillary teeth in 1–2 rows, the inner row, when present, consisting of only two depressible teeth. Mandibular teeth in one row. Vertebrae 6–7, 52–55, 137–142.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption id="B4BF664CFF8B6173FF72FA99A18C469A" box="[151,924,1404,1428]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/180364/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" targetBox="[237,1325,489,1380]" targetPageId="1">
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<paragraph id="E07F36C4FF8B6173FF72FA99A18C469A" blockId="1.[151,924,1404,1428]" box="[151,924,1404,1428]" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">
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<emphasis id="D2B4EAD6FF8B6173FF72FA99A309469D" bold="true" box="[151,281,1404,1428]" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="27C04D47FF8B6173FEC5FA99A006469A" box="[288,534,1404,1427]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Gymnothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="baranesi">
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<emphasis id="D2B4EAD6FF8B6173FEC5FA99A006469A" box="[288,534,1404,1427]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">Gymnothorax baranesi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, holotype, 857 mm TL, HUJ 18976.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection id="A8DA654FFF8B6171FF23FA22A746419B" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="66" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" type="description">
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<paragraph id="E07F36C4FF8B6173FF23FA22A6144555" blockId="1.[151,1436,1479,2028]" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">
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<emphasis id="D2B4EAD6FF8B6173FF23FA22A34746E8" bold="true" box="[198,343,1479,1505]" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">Description</emphasis>
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. Proportional measurements in percent of TL: preanal 47–49 (47), predorsal 12–13 (13), head 13–15 (13), depth at gill opening 5.6–8.3 (8.3), depth at anus 5.3–7.0 (7.0); in percent of head: snout 18– 21 (21), upper jaw 39–41 (39), eye 7.6–9.4 (7.6), interorbital 10–12 (12). Meristic characters: predorsal vertebrae 6–7 (7), preanal vertebrae 52–55 (52), total vertebrae 129+–142 (137).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E07F36C4FF8B6170FF23F98FA19443D3" blockId="1.[151,1436,1479,2028]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1435,152,218]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="65" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">
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A moderately stout moray eel with the anus slightly anterior to midlength. Dorsal and anal fins continuous with caudal fin, anal fin beginning immediately behind anus, dorsal fin beginning slightly anterior to gill opening. Jaws and snout moderately slender, arched in middle and not closing completely, teeth visible when mouth closed, this condition most obvious in the large
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<typeStatus id="3F7B8866FF8B6173FCF9F907A19545F5" box="[796,901,1762,1788]" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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, upper and lower jaws nearly equal in length. Gill opening approximately midlateral in position. Anterior nostril tubular, short, not reaching edge of upper lip when depressed ventrally; posterior nostril small, elliptical, without a raised rim, located just above eye, about level with anterior margin of eye. Six pores in preoperculomandibular canal, all anterior to rictus; three supraorbital pores, one just above edge of upper lip anterior to anterior nostril, one just medial to anterior nostril, and one on dorsolateral surface of snout at a point between a third and a half of distance between tip of snout and eye; four infraorbital pores, one just posteroventral to anterior nostril, two just above upper lip between anterior nostril and eye, and one just anterior to a vertical through posterior margin of eye; two pores at anterior end of lateral-line canal, anterodorsal to gill opening.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="B4BF664CFF886170FF72FB7FA3F147B8" box="[151,481,1178,1202]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/180365/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="65" targetBox="[200,1356,261,1158]" targetPageId="2">
|
||
<paragraph id="E07F36C4FF886170FF72FB7FA3F147B8" blockId="2.[151,481,1178,1202]" box="[151,481,1178,1202]" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">
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||
<emphasis id="D2B4EAD6FF886170FF72FB7FA30947BB" bold="true" box="[151,281,1178,1202]" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
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Head of holotype.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="E07F36C4FF886170FF23FB07A03F45D5" blockId="2.[151,1437,1250,2036]" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">
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All teeth smooth, without serrations. Intermaxillary teeth in one peripheral and one median series: each
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<typeStatus id="3F7B8866FF886170FF72FAEFA2EC462D" box="[151,252,1290,1316]" pageId="2" pageNumber="65" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
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with 5 peripheral teeth on right and 7 teeth on left, continuous around anterior end of upper jaw, fixed, the anterior ones conical, posterior ones more triangular, a few tiny teeth around the base of the larger ones; a single median series of 1–3 depressible teeth (
|
||
<quantity id="27389B21FF886170FCFDFABFA156467D" box="[792,838,1370,1396]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" pageId="2" pageNumber="65" unit="in" value="3.0">3 in</quantity>
|
||
<typeStatus id="3F7B8866FF886170FCABFABFA1A9467D" box="[846,953,1370,1396]" pageId="2" pageNumber="65" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
), long, slender, needle-like, the posterior tooth the longest. Maxillary teeth in the two
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<typeStatus id="3F7B8866FF886170FD45FA67A1004695" box="[672,784,1410,1436]" pageId="2" pageNumber="65" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
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||
biserial, the inner row with two long, depressible teeth, the outer row with 14–17 shorter, fixed, triangular, slightly recurved teeth, the anterior and posterior ones smaller, those in the middle of the series larger, a distinct gap between maxillary and intermaxillary teeth. In
|
||
<typeStatus id="3F7B8866FF886170FF72FA1FA311451D" box="[151,257,1530,1556]" pageId="2" pageNumber="65" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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||
, maxillary teeth uniserial, inner row absent; outer teeth large, triangular, posterior ones smallest, middle and anterior ones larger; maxillary teeth continuous with peripheral intermaxillary teeth, without a noticeable gap, the teeth in the two series about equal in size, a combined total of 18 on each side. Vomerine teeth small, 3–12, in a staggered row. Mandibular teeth all fixed, the anteriormost nearly conical, the remain- der triangular, recurved, 17–24 on each side (
|
||
<quantity id="27389B21FF886170FD42F97FA11F45BD" box="[679,783,1690,1716]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.572" metricValueMax="4.826" metricValueMin="4.318" pageId="2" pageNumber="65" unit="in" value="18.0" valueMax="19.0" valueMin="17.0">17–19 in</quantity>
|
||
<typeStatus id="3F7B8866FF886170FCF3F97FA19145BD" box="[790,897,1690,1716]" pageId="2" pageNumber="65" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
), the anterior teeth the largest; a few tiny teeth around base of large anterior teeth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E07F36C4FF886170FF23F90FA39C44FD" blockId="2.[151,1437,1250,2036]" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">Head, body and tail brown, covered with moderate-sized pale spots. Spots discrete and irregularly rounded near end of tail, in approximately three irregular rows; anteriorly, the spots become more irregular in shape, with irregular borders, forming lichen-like or composite, rosette-like markings; the spots largest around midbody, becoming much smaller on head, inconspicuous or absent on snout and lower jaw; spots extend onto fins. Fins without a pale margin. Brown streaks in branchial area. Anterior nostril tube dark brown or black. Head pores narrowly outlined by dark rings. Gill opening somewhat darker than surrounding area. A dark slash at angle of jaw.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E07F36C4FF896171FF23FF72A746419B" blockId="3.[151,1436,151,658]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B4EAD6FF896171FF23FF72A03343B8" bold="true" box="[198,547,151,177]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">Sex and sexual dimorphism</emphasis>
|
||
. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="3F7B8866FF896171FD8FFF7DA0C043BB" box="[618,720,152,178]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
is a male, with recognizable but not greatly enlarged testes. The HUJ
|
||
<typeStatus id="3F7B8866FF896171FEEFFF25A37F43D3" box="[266,367,192,218]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
has been gutted, and nothing remains of the viscera. The USNM
|
||
<typeStatus id="3F7B8866FF896171FB92FF25A6CF43D3" box="[1143,1247,192,218]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
, intermediate in size, is immature, and its sex cannot be determined. It appears, then, that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27C04D47FF896171FC13FF0DA7164208" box="[1014,1286,232,257]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Gymnothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="baranesi">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B4EAD6FF896171FC13FF0DA7164208" box="[1014,1286,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">Gymnothorax baranesi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
matures at a relatively large size, larger than the specimens described here. Sexual dimorphism has been reported in the dentition of several moray eels (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="84514B35FF896171FDF6FEDDA119425B" author="Collette" box="[531,777,312,338]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" refString="Collette, B. B., Smith, D. G. & Bohlke, E. B. (1991) Gymnothorax parini, a new species of moray eel (Teleostei: Muraenidae) from Walters Shoals, Madagascar Ridge. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 104 (2), 344 - 350." type="journal article" year="1991">Collette, et al., 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 347). Adult males have larger and fewer maxillary and mandibular teeth than females and immatures, and the inner maxillary teeth are lost. The evidence indicates that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27C04D47FF896171FF2FFE6DA3DB42A8" box="[202,459,392,417]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Gymothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="baranesi">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B4EAD6FF896171FF2FFE6DA3DB42A8" box="[202,459,392,417]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">Gymothorax baranesi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
follows this pattern. In the adult male
|
||
<typeStatus id="3F7B8866FF896171FC74FE6DA1E742AB" box="[913,1015,392,418]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
the inner maxillary teeth are absent and the outer teeth are enlarged and continuous with those of the intermaxillary series. Both
|
||
<typeStatus id="3F7B8866FF896171FB04FE55A74142C3" box="[1249,1361,432,458]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
retain the inner maxillary teeth, and the outer maxillary teeth are smaller and more numerous. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="3F7B8866FF896171FB04FE3DA75842FB" box="[1249,1352,472,498]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
has 18 teeth in the combined outer maxillary and peripheral intermaxillary series, whereas the two
|
||
<typeStatus id="3F7B8866FF896171FB27FDE5A7224113" box="[1218,1330,512,538]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
have19– 21. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="3F7B8866FF896171FF12FDCDA34E414B" box="[247,350,552,578]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
has 17–19 mandibular teeth, whereas the
|
||
<typeStatus id="3F7B8866FF896171FCACFDCDA1A9414B" box="[841,953,552,578]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
have 19–24. One of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="3F7B8866FF896171FB3CFDCDA759414B" box="[1241,1353,552,578]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
is sexually immature, thus conforming to the pattern of having more and smaller teeth than the adult male. The other
|
||
<typeStatus id="3F7B8866FF896171FF3FFD9DA32F419B" box="[218,319,632,658]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
is indeterminate, but its dentition indicates that it is either a female or an immature male.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="B4BF664CFF896171FF72FB00A16347F4" box="[151,883,1253,1277]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<paragraph id="E07F36C4FF896171FF72FB00A16347F4" blockId="3.[151,883,1253,1277]" box="[151,883,1253,1277]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B4EAD6FF896171FF72FB00A30947F4" bold="true" box="[151,281,1253,1277]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27C04D47FF896171FEC5FB03A00647F4" box="[288,534,1254,1277]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Gymnothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="baranesi">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B4EAD6FF896171FEC5FB03A00647F4" box="[288,534,1254,1277]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">Gymnothorax baranesi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, paratype, 762 mm, HUJ 18975.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="A8DA654FFF896171FF23FAD5A2A5467A" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="E07F36C4FF896171FF23FAD5A2A5467A" blockId="3.[151,1437,1328,2035]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B4EAD6FF896171FF23FAD5A34F4643" bold="true" box="[198,351,1328,1354]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
. Known only from the northern Red Sea (Gulf of Aqaba), in moderately deep water, ca.
|
||
<specimenCount id="F6C6FD4DFF896171FA8AFAD4A2A5467A" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" type="generic">
|
||
<quantity id="27389B21FF896171FA8AFAD4A2A1467A" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" unit="m" value="200.0">200 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="A8DA654FFF896171FF23FA65A2F544FA" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="E07F36C4FF896171FF23FA65A19046CA" blockId="3.[151,1437,1328,2035]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B4EAD6FF896171FF23FA65A3434693" bold="true" box="[198,339,1408,1434]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
Named for Dr. Albert (Avi) Baranes of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, in recognition of his contributions to our knowledge of the fishes of the Red Sea.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E07F36C4FF896171FF23FA35A72445D2" blockId="3.[151,1437,1328,2035]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B4EAD6FF896171FF23FA35A37C46E3" bold="true" box="[198,364,1488,1514]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">Comparisons</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27C04D47FF896171FE9EFA34A09A46E3" box="[379,650,1489,1514]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Gymnothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="baranesi">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B4EAD6FF896171FE9EFA34A09A46E3" box="[379,650,1489,1514]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">Gymnothorax baranesi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is one of an indeterminate number of moray species in the western Indian Ocean that are characterized by pale spots on a dark background. Of these,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27C04D47FF896171FB98FA1CA2C84532" authority="Shaw" authorityName="Shaw" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Gymnothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="meleagris">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B4EAD6FF896171FB98FA1CA78B451B" box="[1149,1435,1529,1554]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">Gymnothorax meleagris</emphasis>
|
||
Shaw
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="84514B35FF896171FF18F9C4A0074532" author="Shaw" box="[253,535,1569,1595]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" refString="Shaw, G. & Nodder, F. P. (1795) The Naturalist's Miscellany, or Coloured Figures of Natural Objects; Drawn and Described from Nature. London, unnumbered pages." type="book" year="1795">Shaw and Nodder, 1795</bibRefCitation>
|
||
is the most distinct. The maxillary teeth are biserial, with the inner and outer series about equal in length, and the intermaxillary teeth are arranged in a peripheral series, a median series, and an intermediate series on each side between the median and peripheral series.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27C04D47FF896171FB68F994A35745BA" authority="Abbott, 1860" authorityName="Abbott" authorityYear="1860" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Gymnothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eurostus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B4EAD6FF896171FB68F994A78B4583" box="[1165,1435,1649,1674]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">Gymnothorax eurostus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="84514B35FF896171FF7AF97CA32E45BA" author="Abbott" box="[159,318,1689,1715]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" refString="Abbott, C. C. (1860) Description of new species of apodal fishes in the museum of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 12, 475 - 479." type="journal article" year="1860">Abbott, 1860</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, known in the western Indian Ocean only south of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="98D77654FF896171FC73F97CA62445BA" box="[918,1076,1689,1715]" name="Mozambique" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
|
||
, has similar dentition to that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27C04D47FF896171FF72F924A33B45D3" box="[151,299,1729,1754]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Gymnothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="meleagris">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B4EAD6FF896171FF72F924A33B45D3" box="[151,299,1729,1754]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">G. meleagris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and it has small, simple, pale spots, but it also has dark spots underlying the pale spots.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E07F36C4FF896171FF23F90CA044445A" blockId="3.[151,1437,1328,2035]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">In the remaining species, the maxillary teeth are either uniserial or with an inner series much shorter than the outer, and the intermaxillary teeth consist of a peripheral series on each side, continuous around the front of the jaw, and a single median series.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E07F36C4FF896171FF23F884A2F544FA" blockId="3.[151,1437,1328,2035]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27C04D47FF896171FF23F884A3FF4473" box="[198,495,1889,1914]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Gymnothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nudivomer">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B4EAD6FF896171FF23F884A3FF4473" box="[198,495,1889,1914]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">Gymnothorax nudivomer</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Günther in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="84514B35FF896171FD74F884A1CB4472" author="Playfair" box="[657,987,1889,1915]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" refString="Playfair, R. L. & Gunther, A. (1867) The Fishes of Zanzibar, With a List of the Fishes of the Whole East Coast of Africa. John van Voorst, London, i - xix + 1 - 153, Pls. 1 - 21." type="book chapter" year="1867">Playfair and Günther, 1867</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) has simple spots, a relatively short, blunt snout, and the lining of the mouth is bright yellow in life. Larger specimens lack vomerine teeth and median intermaxillary teeth, and the largest teeth are finely serrate; the jaws are not arched, even in large specimens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="A8DA654FFF8E6176FF23FF7DA6F540A3" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="E07F36C4FF8E6176FF23FF7DA303420B" blockId="4.[151,1437,152,938]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27C04D47FF8E6176FF23FF7DA0BF43BB" ID-CoL="3HVGT" authority="Kotthaus, 1968" authorityName="Kotthaus" authorityYear="1968" box="[198,687,152,178]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Gymnothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sokotrensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B4EAD6FF8E6176FF23FF7DA3E343B8" box="[198,499,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">Gymnothorax sokotrensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="84514B35FF8E6176FE1EFF7DA0BF43BB" author="Kotthaus" box="[507,687,152,178]" pageId="4" pageNumber="68" refString="Kotthaus, A. (1968) Fische des Indischen Ozeans. A. Systematischer Teil. III. Ostariophysi und Apodes. Meteor Forschungsergebnisse, Reihe D Biol., 3, 14 - 56." type="journal article" year="1968">Kotthaus, 1968</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known from a single specimen collected in the northwestern Indian Ocean. It differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27C04D47FF8E6176FE14FF25A06843D0" ID-CoL="6L7KZ" box="[497,632,192,217]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Gymnothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="baranesi">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B4EAD6FF8E6176FE14FF25A06843D0" box="[497,632,192,217]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">G. baranesi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having simple spots, serrate teeth and more preanal vertebrae (62 vs 52–55).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E07F36C4FF8E6176FF23FEF5A37E403B" blockId="4.[151,1437,152,938]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27C04D47FF8E6176FF23FEF5A09C4223" ID-CoL="3HVCY" authority="Smith, 1962" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1962" box="[198,652,272,298]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Gymnothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="johnsoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B4EAD6FF8E6176FF23FEF5A3C94220" box="[198,473,272,297]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">Gymnothorax johnsoni</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="84514B35FF8E6176FE08FEF5A0944223" author="Smith" box="[493,644,272,298]" pageId="4" pageNumber="68" refString="Smith, J. L. B. (1962) The moray eels of the western Indian Ocean and the Red Sea. Ichthyological Bulletin J. L. B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, 23, 421 - 444." type="journal article" year="1962">Smith, 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was described from off
|
||
<collectingCountry id="98D77654FF8E6176FC24FEF5A64C4223" box="[961,1116,272,298]" name="South Africa" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="98D77654FF8E6176FB7AFEF5A72D4223" box="[1183,1341,272,298]" name="Mozambique" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27C04D47FF8E6176FA66FEF5A040425B" ID-CoL="3HVFV" authority="Bloch and Schneider, 1801" authorityName="Bloch and Schneider" authorityYear="1801" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Gymnothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="punctatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B4EAD6FF8E6176FA66FEF5A3194258" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">G. punctatus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="84514B35FF8E6176FEF4FEDDA040425B" author="Bloch" box="[273,592,312,338]" pageId="4" pageNumber="68" refString="Bloch, M. E. & Schneider, J. G. (1801) Systema Ichthyologiae, i - lx + 1 - 584." type="book chapter" year="1801">Bloch and Schneider, 1801</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was described from off southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="98D77654FF8E6176FC38FEDDA60D425B" box="[989,1053,312,338]" name="India" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Both these species have similar vertebral counts (and similar to that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27C04D47FF8E6176FD85FE85A0F64270" ID-CoL="6L7KZ" box="[608,742,352,377]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Gymnothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="baranesi">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B4EAD6FF8E6176FD85FE85A0F64270" box="[608,742,352,377]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">G. baranesi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). They appear to differ mainly in the size of the pale spots, with
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B4EAD6FF8E6176FF31FE6DA34742A8" box="[212,343,392,417]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">G. j o h n s o n i</emphasis>
|
||
having larger spots than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27C04D47FF8E6176FD69FE6DA13042A8" ID-CoL="3HVFV" box="[652,800,392,417]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Gymnothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="punctatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B4EAD6FF8E6176FD69FE6DA13042A8" box="[652,800,392,417]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">G. punctatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="84514B35FF8E6176FCD5FE6DA67742AB" author="Smith" box="[816,1127,392,418]" pageId="4" pageNumber="68" refString="Smith, J. L. B. (1962) The moray eels of the western Indian Ocean and the Red Sea. Ichthyological Bulletin J. L. B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, 23, 421 - 444." type="journal article" year="1962">Smith (1962: pl. 56 C, D)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
presented photographs of both the
|
||
<typeStatus id="3F7B8866FF8E6176FF1AFE55A37642C3" box="[255,358,432,458]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and
|
||
<typeStatus id="3F7B8866FF8E6176FE44FE55A01642C3" box="[417,518,432,458]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27C04D47FF8E6176FDCAFE55A0A542C0" ID-CoL="3HVCY" box="[559,693,432,457]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Gymnothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="johnsoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B4EAD6FF8E6176FDCAFE55A0A542C0" box="[559,693,432,457]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">G. johnsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="84514B35FF8E6176FD20FE55A65E42C3" author="Bloch" box="[709,1102,432,458]" pageId="4" pageNumber="68" refString="Bloch, M. E. & Schneider, J. G. (1801) Systema Ichthyologiae, i - lx + 1 - 584." type="book chapter" year="1801">Bloch and Schneider (1801: 526)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
did not illustrate
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27C04D47FF8E6176FAC4FE55A2A942F8" ID-CoL="3HVFV" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Gymnothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="punctatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B4EAD6FF8E6176FAC4FE55A2A942F8" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">G. punctatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="84514B35FF8E6176FF1CFE3DA02242FB" author="Day" box="[249,562,472,498]" pageId="4" pageNumber="68" refString="Day, F. (1878) The Fishes of India, Part 4, i - xx + 553 - 779." type="book chapter" year="1878">Day (1878: pl 173, fig. 1)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
presented an illustration.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="84514B35FF8E6176FC8FFE3DA6BB42FB" author="Randall" box="[874,1195,472,498]" pageId="4" pageNumber="68" refString="Randall, J. E. & Golani, D. (1995) Review of the moray eels (Anguilliformes: Muraenidae) of the Red Sea. Bulletin of Marine Science, 56 (3), 849 - 880." type="journal article" year="1995">Randall and Golani (1995)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
presented accounts, including photographs, of both species based on specimens collected in the Red Sea. Based on both Smith's and Randall and Golani's photographs, the spots in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27C04D47FF8E6176FD1FFDCDA1904148" ID-CoL="3HVCY" box="[762,896,552,577]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Gymnothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="johnsoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B4EAD6FF8E6176FD1FFDCDA1904148" box="[762,896,552,577]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">G. johnsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
decrease in size and increase in number with increasing size of the specimen. Two specimens from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="98D77654FF8E6176FCFEFDB5A16B4163" box="[795,891,592,618]" name="Somalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">Somalia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(USNM 301970) tentatively identified by the first author as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27C04D47FF8E6176FEA1FD9DA3DA4198" ID-CoL="3HVCY" box="[324,458,632,657]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Gymnothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="johnsoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B4EAD6FF8E6176FEA1FD9DA3DA4198" box="[324,458,632,657]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">G. johnsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differ from these in having the spots larger and much more closely spaced anteriorly, with the interspaces reduced to narrow, dark reticulations. Whether all of these specimens belong to the same species is uncertain, and more material is needed to establish the range of variation. All of them, however, differ from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27C04D47FF8E6176FE82FD15A0694000" ID-CoL="6L7KZ" box="[359,633,752,777]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Gymnothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="baranesi">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B4EAD6FF8E6176FE82FD15A0694000" box="[359,633,752,777]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">Gymnothorax baranesi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having simple, discrete spots rather than the complex markings found in the latter.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E07F36C4FF8E6176FF23FCA5A6F540A3" blockId="4.[151,1437,152,938]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">
|
||
Among extralimital species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27C04D47FF8E6176FDF0FCA5A1814053" ID-CoL="44L3Q" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[533,913,832,858]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Muraena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="helena">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B4EAD6FF8E6176FDF0FCA5A0C54050" box="[533,725,832,857]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">Muraena helena</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="84514B35FF8E6176FD39FCA5A1814053" author="Linnaeus" box="[732,913,832,858]" pageId="4" pageNumber="68" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema Naturae, Ed. 10, Vol. 1, i - ii + 1 - 824." type="book chapter" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean has a similar color pattern of pale, irregular, rosette-like spots on a dark background.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27C04D47FF8E6176FB6BFC8DA7404088" ID-CoL="44L3Q" box="[1166,1360,872,897]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Muraena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="helena">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B4EAD6FF8E6176FB6BFC8DA7404088" box="[1166,1360,872,897]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">Muraena helena</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, however, has tubular posterior nostrils, and it has more vertebrae (142–148;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="84514B35FF8E6176FC06FC75A6C940A3" author="Jimenez" box="[995,1241,912,938]" pageId="4" pageNumber="68" refString="Jimenez, S., Schonhuth, S., Lozano, I. J., Gonzalez, J. A., Sevilla, R. J., Diez, A. & Bautista, J. M. (2007) Morphological, ecological, and molecular analyses separate Muraena augusti from Muraena helena as a valid species. Copeia, 2007 (1), 101 - 113." type="journal article" year="2007">Jiménez, et al., 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="B4BF664CFF8E6176FF72F885A139447E" box="[151,809,1888,1912]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<paragraph id="E07F36C4FF8E6176FF72F885A139447E" blockId="4.[151,809,1888,1912]" box="[151,809,1888,1912]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B4EAD6FF8E6176FF72F885A3094471" bold="true" box="[151,281,1888,1912]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Dentition of holotype (A) and HUJ paratype (B).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="A8DA654FFF8F6177FF23FF7DA3854163" pageId="5" pageNumber="68" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="E07F36C4FF8F6177FF23FF7DA3854163" blockId="5.[151,1437,152,618]" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">
|
||
The condition of the jaws in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27C04D47FF8F6177FDC3FF7DA12743B8" box="[550,823,152,177]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Gymnothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="68" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="baranesi">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B4EAD6FF8F6177FDC3FF7DA12743B8" box="[550,823,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">Gymnothorax baranesi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, highly arched in the middle and not closing completely, raises the question of why we have not placed this species in the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27C04D47FF8F6177FBDEFF25A6DC43D0" box="[1083,1228,192,217]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Enchelycore" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="68" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B4EAD6FF8F6177FBDEFF25A6DC43D0" box="[1083,1228,192,217]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">Enchelycore</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which is characterized by such arched jaws. The species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27C04D47FF8F6177FD27FF0DA1434208" box="[706,851,232,257]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Enchelycore" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="68" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B4EAD6FF8F6177FD27FF0DA1434208" box="[706,851,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">Enchelycore</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, however, have a distinctly different pattern of dentition. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27C04D47FF8F6177FECBFEF5A0904223" authority="Kaup" authorityName="Kaup" box="[302,640,272,298]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Enchelycore" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="68" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigricans">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B4EAD6FF8F6177FECBFEF5A0274220" box="[302,567,272,297]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">Enchelycore nigricans</emphasis>
|
||
Kaup
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the
|
||
<typeStatus id="3F7B8866FF8F6177FD5CFEF5A0FC4223" box="[697,748,272,298]" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species of the genus, the intermaxillary teeth are arranged in a peripheral series, a median series, and on each side an intermediate series of long, depressible teeth more or less continuous with a long series of similar teeth on the inner row of the maxilla. The outer intermaxillary and maxillary teeth are more conical and less triangular.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27C04D47FF8F6177FCA7FE6DA64442A8" box="[834,1108,392,417]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Gymnothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="68" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="baranesi">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B4EAD6FF8F6177FCA7FE6DA64442A8" box="[834,1108,392,417]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">Gymnothorax baranesi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has teeth typical of a large group of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27C04D47FF8F6177FEE2FE55A3B842C0" box="[263,424,432,457]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Gymnothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="68" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B4EAD6FF8F6177FEE2FE55A3B842C0" box="[263,424,432,457]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">Gymnothorax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species, i.e., a peripheral and a single median series of intermaxillary teeth, a short inner row of maxillary teeth, and the outer maxillary teeth distinctly triangular. In addition,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27C04D47FF8F6177FB37FE3DA77442F8" box="[1234,1380,472,497]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Enchelycore" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="68" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B4EAD6FF8F6177FB37FE3DA77442F8" box="[1234,1380,472,497]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">Enchelycore</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species tend to be more slender in the snout and jaws. Individuals of other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27C04D47FF8F6177FC3EFDE5A66C4110" box="[987,1148,512,537]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Gymnothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="68" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B4EAD6FF8F6177FC3EFDE5A66C4110" box="[987,1148,512,537]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">Gymnothorax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species sometimes have arched jaws as well, and the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27C04D47FF8F6177FDDDFDCDA0DA4148" box="[568,714,552,577]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Enchelycore" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="68" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2B4EAD6FF8F6177FDDDFDCDA0DA4148" box="[568,714,552,577]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="68">Enchelycore</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
probably needs to be defined more precisely than just on the condition of the jaws.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |