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<mods:title id="24A339407EB756861AB8792701C1C2F1">Konowia Brauns, 1884, and Monoxiphia, n. gen. (Hymenoptera, Xiphydriidae) Palaearctic woodwasps with simple tarsal claws on all legs</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="40941AFE6032FFFDFF477305FE0BF8D4" authority="Brauns, 1884" authorityName="Brauns" authorityYear="1884" box="[151,431,1882,1909]" class="Insecta" family="Xiphydriidae" genus="Konowia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="571" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<bibRefCitation id="E3051C8C6032FFFDFEDA7305FE0BF8D4" author="Brauns, S." box="[266,431,1882,1909]" pageId="6" pageNumber="571" pagination="220 - 223" refId="ref15170" refString="Brauns, S. (1884) Eine neue Xiphydrinengattung. Wiener Entomologische Zeitung, 3, 220 - 223." type="journal article" year="1884">Brauns, 1884</bibRefCitation>
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(
<figureCitation id="1FAF7DF86032FFFDFF4F7321FEA0F839" box="[159,260,1919,1945]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStart-3="FIGURE 4" captionStart-4="FIGURE 5" captionStart-5="FIGURE 6" captionStart-6="FIGURE 7" captionStart-7="FIGURE 8" captionStartId-0="7.[151,250,1890,1914]" captionStartId-1="8.[151,250,1902,1926]" captionStartId-2="9.[151,250,1649,1673]" captionStartId-3="12.[151,250,1789,1813]" captionStartId-4="14.[151,250,1620,1644]" captionStartId-5="15.[151,250,1909,1933]" captionStartId-6="16.[151,250,1265,1289]" captionStartId-7="17.[151,250,1262,1286]" captionTargetBox-0="[207,1381,539,1860]" captionTargetBox-1="[220,1370,190,1869]" captionTargetBox-2="[158,1430,187,1620]" captionTargetBox-3="[174,1414,188,1758]" captionTargetBox-4="[160,1427,425,1591]" captionTargetBox-5="[183,1406,185,1881]" captionTargetBox-6="[159,1429,188,1235]" captionTargetBox-7="[209,1380,189,1233]" captionTargetId-0="figure-194@7.[202,1385,534,1864]" captionTargetId-1="figure-20@8.[201,1386,181,1878]" captionTargetId-2="figure-19@9.[151,1435,181,1625]" captionTargetId-3="figure-20@12.[164,1423,181,1765]" captionTargetId-4="figure-149@14.[151,1435,417,1597]" captionTargetId-5="figure-19@15.[178,1410,181,1885]" captionTargetId-6="figure-20@16.[151,1435,181,1241]" captionTargetId-7="figure-19@17.[201,1386,181,1238]" captionTargetPageId-0="7" captionTargetPageId-1="8" captionTargetPageId-2="9" captionTargetPageId-3="12" captionTargetPageId-4="14" captionTargetPageId-5="15" captionTargetPageId-6="16" captionTargetPageId-7="17" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Females (A–F) and males (G–I). --- A, K. betulae, Akaigawa, Hokkaido, holotype of Platyxiphydria nishijimai; B, K. betulae, Nukabira-ko, Hokkaido; C, K. kojimai, Yumine, Honshu, holotype; D, K. kojimai, Yakumo, Hokkaido; E, K. megapolitana, Łódż, Poland; F, K. yasumatsui, Nikko, Honshu; G, K. betulae, Memuro-dake, Hokkaido; H, K. kojimai, Asahidakeonsen, Hokkaido; I, K. yasumatsui, Sobo-sancho, Kyushu." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Females, Nissho-toge, Hokkaido, K. betulae (A–F) and K. kojimai, paratype (G–L). --- A, G, Dorsal view; B, H, lateral view; C, I, ventral view; D, J, head, dorsal view; E, K, head frontal view; F, L, head lateral view." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Heads, females, dorsal (A–C, G–J) and dorsolateral (D–F, J–L) view. --- A, D, K. betulae, Altenburg, Germany; B, E, K. betulae, Akaigawa, Hokkaido, holotype of Platyxiphydria nishijimai; C, F, K. kojimai, Yakumo, Hokkaido; G, J, K. kojimai, Yumine, Honshu, holotype; H, K, K. megapolitana, Łódż, Poland; I, L, K. yasumatsui, Nikko, Honshu." captionText-3="FIGURE 4. Antennae, K. betulae (A–J), K. kojimai (K–O), K. megapolitana (P, Q) and K. yasumatsui (R–U), females (A–I, K–N, P–T) and males (J, O, U). --- A, Altenburg, Germany; B, Mirugam, Korea; C, Nukabira-ko, Hokkaido; D, Horoshika-toge, Hokkaido; E, Nissho-toge, Hokkaido; F, Izumisawa, Hokkaido; G, Akaigawa, Hokkaido, holotype of Platyxiphydria nishijimai; H, same specimen as A, pedicel and base of flagellum; I, same specimen as B, pedicel and base of flagellum; J, Memuro-dake, Hokkaido; K, Nissho-toge, Hokkaido; L, Yakumo, Hokkaido; M, Yumine, Honshu, holotype; N, same specimen as L, pedicel and base of flagellum; O, Asahidake-onsen, Hokkaido; P, Łódż, Poland; Q, same specimen as P, pedicel and base of flagellum; R, Nikko, Honshu; S, Omogokei, Shikoku; T, same specimen as R, pedicel and base of flagellum; U, Sobo-sancho, Kyushu." captionText-4="FIGURE 5. Thoraces, showing surface microsculpture of mesoscutellum, females, dorsal (A–C) and dorsolateral (D–F) view. --- A, D, K. betulae, Akaigawa, Hokkaido, holotype of Platyxiphydria nishijimai; B, E, K. kojimai, Yakumo, Hokkaido; C, F, K. yasumatsui, Nikko, Honshu." captionText-5="FIGURE 6. Wings, females (A–C), hind legs, males (D, E) and tarsal claws, K. yasumatsui (F–K), female, Nikko, Honshu (F–H) and male, Sobo-sancho, Kyushu (I–K). --- A, K. betulae, Horoshika-toge, Hokkaido; B, K. kojimai, Yumine, Honshu, holotype; C, K. yasumatsui, Omogokei, Shikoku; D, K. betulae, Memuro-dake, Hokkaido; E, K. kojimai, Horoshika-toge, Hokkaido; F, I, Fore legs; G, J, mid legs; H, K, hind legs." captionText-6="FIGURE 7. Ovipositor sheaths, K. betulae, lateral view. --- A, Altenburg, Germany; B, Mirugam, Korea; C, Akaigawa, Hokkaido, holotype of Platyxiphydria nishijimai; D, Nukabira-ko, Hokkaido; E, Izumisawa, Hokkaido; F, Nissho-toge, Hokkaido." captionText-7="FIGURE 8. Ovipositor sheaths, K. kojimai (A–C), K. megapolitana (D) and K. yasumatsui (E, F), lateral view. --- A, Nissho-toge, Hokkaido; B, Yakumo, Hokkaido; C, Yumine, Honshu, holotype; D, Łódż, Poland; E, Nikko, Honshu; F, Omogokei, Shikoku." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4491272" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4491274" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4491276" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4491280" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4491282" figureDoi-5="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4491284" figureDoi-6="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4491286" figureDoi-7="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4491288" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/4491272/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/4491274/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/4491276/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/4491280/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/4491282/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/4491284/files/figure.png" httpUri-6="https://zenodo.org/record/4491286/files/figure.png" httpUri-7="https://zenodo.org/record/4491288/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="571">Figs 1–8</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1FAF7DF86032FFFDFEC07321FEB9F839" box="[272,285,1919,1945]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1714,1738]" captionTargetBox="[240,1383,470,1680]" captionTargetId="figure-144@18.[201,1386,453,1690]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 9. Male genitalia, M. harai, paratype, Maruyama, Hokkaido (A–C) and K. betulae, Memuro-dake, Hokkaido (D–F). --- A, D, Genital capsule, dorsal view; B, E, genital capsule, ventral view; C, F, penis valve, lateral view (left dorsal)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4491290" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4491290/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="571">9</figureCitation>
D–F, 10)
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B5E0BD6F6032FFFDFF47739AFF57F87B" box="[151,243,1988,2011]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="571">Konowia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="E3051C8C6032FFFDFF29739AFE10F87B" author="Brauns, S." box="[249,436,1987,2011]" pageId="6" pageNumber="571" pagination="220 - 223" refId="ref15170" refString="Brauns, S. (1884) Eine neue Xiphydrinengattung. Wiener Entomologische Zeitung, 3, 220 - 223." type="journal article" year="1884">Brauns, 1884: 220</bibRefCitation>
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species:
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<emphasis id="B5E0BD6F6032FFFDFD83739AFCE4F87B" box="[595,832,1987,2011]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="571">Konowia megapolitana</emphasis>
Brauns. Monotypic
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);
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<bibRefCitation id="E3051C8C6032FFFDFBF1739DFB73F87B" author="Enslin, E." box="[1057,1239,1987,2011]" pageId="6" pageNumber="571" pagination="177 - 179" refId="ref15191" refString="Enslin, E. (1911) Pseudoxiphydria, ein neues Siriciden-Genus aus Deutschland. (Hym.). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Berlin, pp. 177 - 179." type="book chapter" year="1911">Enslin, 1911: 178</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="E3051C8C6032FFFDFB31739DFA3CF87B" author="Enslin, E." box="[1249,1432,1987,2011]" pageId="6" pageNumber="571" pagination="663 - 790" refId="ref15223" refString="Enslin, E. (1918) Die Tenthredinoidea Mitteleuropas VII. (Schluss). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Berlin, [1917] (Beiheft), pp. 663 - 790." type="journal article" year="1918">Enslin, 1918: 709</bibRefCitation>
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<treatmentCitation id="0635476C6032FFFDFF1773BCFE18F85A" author="Gussakovskij, V. V." box="[199,444,2018,2042]" page="46" pageId="6" pageNumber="571" year="1935">
<bibRefCitation id="E3051C8C6032FFFDFF1773BCFE18F85A" author="Gussakovskij, V. V." box="[199,444,2018,2042]" pageId="6" pageNumber="571" pagination="1 - 453" refId="ref15306" refString="Gussakovskij, V. V. (1935) Insectes Hymenopteres, Chalastogastra 1. In: Fauna SSSR. 2 (1). Moskva, Leningrad, pp. 1 - 453. [in Russian and German]" type="book chapter" year="1935">Gussakovskij, 1935: 46</bibRefCitation>
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;
<treatmentCitation id="0635476C6032FFFDFE1973BCFC46F85A" author="Semenov Tian-Shanskij, A. &amp; Gussakovskij, V. V." box="[457,994,2018,2042]" page="121" pageId="6" pageNumber="571" year="1935">
<bibRefCitation id="E3051C8C6032FFFDFE1973BCFC46F85A" author="Semenov Tian-Shanskij, A. &amp; Gussakovskij, V. V." box="[457,994,2018,2042]" pageId="6" pageNumber="571" pagination="117 - 126" refId="ref15770" refString="Semenov Tian-Shanskij, A. &amp; Gussakovskij, V. V. (1935) Siricides nouveaux ou peu connus de la fauna palearctique (Hymenoptera). Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, 104, 117 - 126." type="journal article" year="1935">Semenov Tian-Shanskij &amp; Gussakovskij, 1935: 121</bibRefCitation>
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;
<treatmentCitation id="0635476C6032FFFDFC3E73BCFB30F85A" author="Ross, H. H." box="[1006,1172,2018,2042]" page="111" pageId="6" pageNumber="571" year="1937">
<bibRefCitation id="E3051C8C6032FFFDFC3E73BCFB30F85A" author="Ross, H. H." box="[1006,1172,2018,2042]" pageId="6" pageNumber="571" pagination="1 - 173" refId="ref15689" refString="Ross, H. H. (1937) A generic classification of the Nearctic sawflies (Hymenoptera, Symphyta). Illinois Biological Monographs, Urbana, 15 (2), 1 - 173. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 50339" type="journal article" year="1937">Ross, 1937: 111</bibRefCitation>
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(synonym of
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<emphasis id="B5E0BD6F6032FFFDFAF773BCFA28F85A" box="[1319,1420,2018,2042]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="571">Xiphydria</emphasis>
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);
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<bibRefCitation id="E3051C8C6033FFFCFEB774C9FD8CFF0E" author="Benson, R. B." box="[359,552,150,174]" pageId="7" pageNumber="572" pagination="151 - 162" refId="ref15116" refString="Benson, R. B. (1954) Classification of the Xiphydriidae (Hymenoptera). Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London, 105 (9), 151 - 162. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1954. tb 00781. x" type="journal article" year="1954">Benson, 1954: 157</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="E3051C8C6033FFFCFDE274C9FD40FF0F" author="Smith, D. R." box="[562,740,151,175]" pageId="7" pageNumber="572" pagination="1 - 193" refId="ref16313" refString="Smith, D. R. (1978) Suborder Symphyta. (Xyelidae, Pararchexyelidae, Parapamphiliidae, Xyelydidae, Karatavitidae, Gigasiricidae, Sepulcidae, Pseudosiricidae, Anaxyelidae, Siricidae, Xiphydriidae, Paroryssidae, Xyelotomidae, Blasticotomidae, Pergidae). In: Van der Vecht, J. &amp; Shenefelt, R. D. (Eds.), Hymenopterorum Catalogus. Pars 14. Dr. W. Junk B. V., The Hague, pp. i-vi + 1 - 193." type="book chapter" year="1978">Smith, 1978: 107</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="E3051C8C6033FFFCFD3E74C9FC2FFF0F" author="Jansen, E." box="[750,907,151,175]" pageId="7" pageNumber="572" pagination="1 - 12" refId="ref15347" refString="Jansen, E. (1987) Die europaischen Arten der Gattung Konowia Brauns (Hymenoptera: Xiphydriidae). Stuttgarter Beitrage zur Naturkunde, Serie A (Biologie), 4, 1 - 12." type="journal article" year="1987">Jansen, 1987: 1</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="E3051C8C6033FFFCFC4874C9FB00FF0F" author="Lelej, A. S. &amp; Taeger, A." box="[920,1188,151,175]" pageId="7" pageNumber="572" pagination="960" refId="ref15498" refString="Lelej, A. S. &amp; Taeger, A. (2007) 10. Sem. Xiphydriidae-Ostrobryukhie Rogokhvosty, ili Ksifidriidy. In: Key to the insects of Russian Far East. Vol. IV. Neuropteroidea, Mecoptera, Hymenoptera. Pt 5. Dal'nauka, Vladivostok, pp. 960." type="book chapter" year="2007">Lelej &amp; Taeger, 2007: 960</bibRefCitation>
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Taeger
<emphasis id="B5E0BD6F6033FFFCFB2874C9FA81FF0F" box="[1272,1317,151,175]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="572">et al</emphasis>
., 2010: 119
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<emphasis id="B5E0BD6F6033FFFCFE8074EBFE11FF6D" box="[336,437,181,205]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="572">Xiphydria</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B5E0BD6F6033FFFCFC5C74EBFC55FF6D" box="[908,1009,181,205]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="572">Xiphydria</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="E3051C8C6033FFFCFB3374EBFF47FF4C" author="Shinohara, A." pageId="7" pageNumber="572" pagination="21 - 24" refId="ref15930" refString="Shinohara, A. (2019 c) Family Xiphydriidae. In: Editorial Committee of Catalogue of the Insects of Japan (Ed.), Catalogue of the Insects of Japan, Vol. 9. Hymenoptera. Part 1. Symphyta. Entomological Society of Japan, Kyoto, pp. 21 - 24. [in Japanese]" type="book chapter" year="2019">Shinohara, 2019c: 22</bibRefCitation>
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<emphasis id="B5E0BD6F6033FFFCFF4774ADFEE7FEAB" box="[151,323,243,267]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="572">Pseudoxiphydria</emphasis>
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(
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species:
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<emphasis id="B5E0BD6F6033FFFCFD7B74ADFC0FFEAB" box="[683,939,243,267]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="572">Pseudoxiphydria betulae</emphasis>
Enslin.
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Monotypic);
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;
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(synonym of
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<emphasis id="B5E0BD6F6033FFFCFD6F754FFC80FE89" box="[703,804,273,297]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="572">Xiphydria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
<treatmentCitation id="0635476C6033FFFCFCEB754CFC77FE89" author="Maa, T. - C." box="[827,979,273,297]" page="70" pageId="7" pageNumber="572" year="1949">
<bibRefCitation id="E3051C8C6033FFFCFCEB754CFC77FE89" author="Maa, T. - C." box="[827,979,273,297]" pageId="7" pageNumber="572" pagination="11 - 189" refId="ref15554" refString="Maa, T. - C. (1949) A synopsis of Asiatic Siricoidea with notes on certain exotic and fossil forms. Notes d'Entomologie Chinoise, 13, 11 - 189." type="journal article" year="1949">Maa, 1949: 70</bibRefCitation>
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;
<treatmentCitation id="0635476C6033FFFCFC0F754CFB04FE89" author="Benson, R. B." box="[991,1184,273,297]" page="157" pageId="7" pageNumber="572" year="1954">
<bibRefCitation id="E3051C8C6033FFFCFC0F754CFB04FE89" author="Benson, R. B." box="[991,1184,273,297]" pageId="7" pageNumber="572" pagination="151 - 162" refId="ref15116" refString="Benson, R. B. (1954) Classification of the Xiphydriidae (Hymenoptera). Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London, 105 (9), 151 - 162. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1954. tb 00781. x" type="journal article" year="1954">Benson, 1954: 157</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(synonym of
<taxonomicName id="40941AFE6033FFFCFAE1754CFA28FE89" authorityName="Brauns" authorityYear="1884" box="[1329,1420,274,297]" class="Insecta" family="Xiphydriidae" genus="Konowia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="572" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B5E0BD6F6033FFFCFAE1754CFA28FE89" box="[1329,1420,274,297]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="572">Konowia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
<treatmentCitation id="0635476C6033FFFCFF17756EFED1FEE8" author="Smith, D. R." box="[199,373,304,328]" page="107" pageId="7" pageNumber="572" year="1978">
<bibRefCitation id="E3051C8C6033FFFCFF17756EFED1FEE8" author="Smith, D. R." box="[199,373,304,328]" pageId="7" pageNumber="572" pagination="1 - 193" refId="ref16313" refString="Smith, D. R. (1978) Suborder Symphyta. (Xyelidae, Pararchexyelidae, Parapamphiliidae, Xyelydidae, Karatavitidae, Gigasiricidae, Sepulcidae, Pseudosiricidae, Anaxyelidae, Siricidae, Xiphydriidae, Paroryssidae, Xyelotomidae, Blasticotomidae, Pergidae). In: Van der Vecht, J. &amp; Shenefelt, R. D. (Eds.), Hymenopterorum Catalogus. Pars 14. Dr. W. Junk B. V., The Hague, pp. i-vi + 1 - 193." type="book chapter" year="1978">Smith, 1978: 107</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(synonym of
<taxonomicName id="40941AFE6033FFFCFDD0756FFDFFFEE8" authorityName="Brauns" authorityYear="1884" box="[512,603,305,328]" class="Insecta" family="Xiphydriidae" genus="Konowia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="572" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B5E0BD6F6033FFFCFDD0756FFDFFFEE8" box="[512,603,305,328]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="572">Konowia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
<treatmentCitation id="0635476C6033FFFCFDA0756EFCAAFEE8" author="Jansen, E." box="[624,782,304,328]" page="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="572" year="1987">
<bibRefCitation id="E3051C8C6033FFFCFDA0756EFCAAFEE8" author="Jansen, E." box="[624,782,304,328]" pageId="7" pageNumber="572" pagination="1 - 12" refId="ref15347" refString="Jansen, E. (1987) Die europaischen Arten der Gattung Konowia Brauns (Hymenoptera: Xiphydriidae). Stuttgarter Beitrage zur Naturkunde, Serie A (Biologie), 4, 1 - 12." type="journal article" year="1987">Jansen, 1987: 9</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
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<bibRefCitation id="E3051C8C6033FFFCFCC8756EFBBBFEE8" author="Lelej, A. S. &amp; Taeger, A." box="[792,1055,304,328]" pageId="7" pageNumber="572" pagination="960" refId="ref15498" refString="Lelej, A. S. &amp; Taeger, A. (2007) 10. Sem. Xiphydriidae-Ostrobryukhie Rogokhvosty, ili Ksifidriidy. In: Key to the insects of Russian Far East. Vol. IV. Neuropteroidea, Mecoptera, Hymenoptera. Pt 5. Dal'nauka, Vladivostok, pp. 960." type="book chapter" year="2007">Lelej &amp; Taeger, 2007: 960</bibRefCitation>
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(synonym of
<taxonomicName id="40941AFE6033FFFCFB7A756FFAA1FEE8" authorityName="Brauns" authorityYear="1884" box="[1194,1285,305,328]" class="Insecta" family="Xiphydriidae" genus="Konowia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="572" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B5E0BD6F6033FFFCFB7A756FFAA1FEE8" box="[1194,1285,305,328]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="572">Konowia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
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<bibRefCitation id="E3051C8C6033FFFCFACA756EFE88FEC7" author="Taeger, A. &amp; Blank, S. M. &amp; Liston, A. D." pageId="7" pageNumber="572" pagination="1 - 1064" refId="ref16999" refString="Taeger, A., Blank, S. M. &amp; Liston, A. D. (2010) World catalog of Symphyta (Hymenoptera). Zootaxa, 2580 (11), 1 - 1064. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2580.1" type="journal article" year="2010">
Taeger
<emphasis id="B5E0BD6F6033FFFCFAB4756FFA34FEE8" box="[1380,1424,304,328]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="572">et al</emphasis>
., 2010: 119
</bibRefCitation>
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(synonym of
<taxonomicName id="40941AFE6033FFFCFE687511FDB9FEC7" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1803" box="[440,541,335,359]" class="Insecta" family="Xiphydriidae" genus="Xiphydria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="572" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B5E0BD6F6033FFFCFE687511FDB9FEC7" box="[440,541,335,359]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="572">Xiphydria</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="E3051C8C6033FFFCFDE37511FCFBFEC7" author="Sundukov, Yu. N. &amp; Lelej, A. S." box="[563,863,335,359]" pageId="7" pageNumber="572" pagination="62 - 119" refId="ref16763" refString="Sundukov, Yu. N. &amp; Lelej, A. S. (2012) Podotryad Symphyta-Sidyachebryukhie. In: Lelej, A. S. (Ed.), Annotated Catalogue of the Insects of Russian Far East, Volume I, Hymenoptera. Dalnauka, Vladivostok, pp. 62 - 119. [in Russian]" type="book chapter" year="2012">Sundukov &amp; Lelej, 2012: 114</bibRefCitation>
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(synonym of
<taxonomicName id="40941AFE6033FFFCFC3B7511FBF4FEC7" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1803" box="[1003,1104,335,359]" class="Insecta" family="Xiphydriidae" genus="Xiphydria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="572" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B5E0BD6F6033FFFCFC3B7511FBF4FEC7" box="[1003,1104,335,359]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="572">Xiphydria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
<treatmentCitation id="0635476C6033FFFCFBB67511FA95FEC7" author="Shinohara, A." box="[1126,1329,335,359]" page="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="572" year="2019">
<bibRefCitation id="E3051C8C6033FFFCFBB67511FA95FEC7" author="Shinohara, A." box="[1126,1329,335,359]" pageId="7" pageNumber="572" pagination="3 - 7" refId="ref15853" refString="Shinohara, A. (2019 a) Konowia harai n. sp. (Hymenoptera, Xiphydriidae) from Japan. Japanese Journal of Systematic Entomology, 25, 3 - 7." type="journal article" year="2019">Shinohara, 2019a: 3</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(synonym of
<taxonomicName id="40941AFE6033FFFCFF337530FE9AFE25" authorityName="Brauns" authorityYear="1884" box="[227,318,366,389]" class="Insecta" family="Xiphydriidae" genus="Konowia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="572" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B5E0BD6F6033FFFCFF337530FE9AFE25" box="[227,318,366,389]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="572">Konowia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="A78446536033FFFCFF4775D2FE27FDA0" pageId="7" pageNumber="572">
<taxonomicName id="40941AFE6033FFFCFF4775D2FEB4FE04" authorityName="Semenov-Tian-Shanskii" authorityYear="1921" box="[151,272,396,420]" class="Insecta" genus="Xiphydriola" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="572" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B5E0BD6F6033FFFCFF4775D2FEB4FE04" box="[151,272,396,420]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="572">Xiphydriola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<treatmentCitation id="0635476C6033FFFCFECA75D2FDDFFE04" author="Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, A." box="[282,635,396,420]" page="82" pageId="7" pageNumber="572" year="1921">
<bibRefCitation id="E3051C8C6033FFFCFECA75D2FDDFFE04" author="Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, A." box="[282,635,396,420]" pageId="7" pageNumber="572" pagination="81 - 95" refId="ref15740" refString="Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, A. (1921) Praecursoriae Siricidarum novorum diagnoses (Hymenoptera). Russkoe Entomologicheskoe obozrenie, Petrograd, 17, 81 - 95. [1917]" type="journal article" year="1921">Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1921: 82</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(
<typeStatus id="582FDFDF6033FFFCFD5C75D2FD64FE04" box="[652,704,396,420]" pageId="7" pageNumber="572">Type</typeStatus>
species:
<taxonomicName id="40941AFE6033FFFCFCF575D2FAB4FE04" authority="(Semenov-Tian-Shansij, 1921)" box="[805,1296,396,420]" class="Insecta" genus="Xiphydriola" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="572" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amurensis">
<emphasis id="B5E0BD6F6033FFFCFCF575D2FBABFE04" box="[805,1039,396,420]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="572">Xiphydriola amurensis</emphasis>
Semenov-Tian-Shanskij
</taxonomicName>
. Monotypic);
<treatmentCitation id="0635476C6033FFFCFF1775F5FE1EFE63" author="Gussakovskij, V. V." box="[199,442,426,451]" page="44" pageId="7" pageNumber="572" year="1935">
<bibRefCitation id="E3051C8C6033FFFCFF1775F5FE1EFE63" author="Gussakovskij, V. V." box="[199,442,426,451]" pageId="7" pageNumber="572" pagination="1 - 453" refId="ref15306" refString="Gussakovskij, V. V. (1935) Insectes Hymenopteres, Chalastogastra 1. In: Fauna SSSR. 2 (1). Moskva, Leningrad, pp. 1 - 453. [in Russian and German]" type="book chapter" year="1935">Gussakovskij, 1935: 44</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0635476C6033FFFCFE1675F5FC7FFE63" author="Semenov Tian-Shanskij, A. &amp; Gussakovskij, V. V." box="[454,987,426,451]" page="122" pageId="7" pageNumber="572" year="1935">
<bibRefCitation id="E3051C8C6033FFFCFE1675F5FC7FFE63" author="Semenov Tian-Shanskij, A. &amp; Gussakovskij, V. V." box="[454,987,426,451]" pageId="7" pageNumber="572" pagination="117 - 126" refId="ref15770" refString="Semenov Tian-Shanskij, A. &amp; Gussakovskij, V. V. (1935) Siricides nouveaux ou peu connus de la fauna palearctique (Hymenoptera). Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, 104, 117 - 126." type="journal article" year="1935">Semenov Tian-Shanskij &amp; Gussakovskij, 1935: 122</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0635476C6033FFFCFC3775F5FBDAFE63" author="Maa, T. - C." box="[999,1150,427,451]" page="63" pageId="7" pageNumber="572" year="1949">
<bibRefCitation id="E3051C8C6033FFFCFC3775F5FBDAFE63" author="Maa, T. - C." box="[999,1150,427,451]" pageId="7" pageNumber="572" pagination="11 - 189" refId="ref15554" refString="Maa, T. - C. (1949) A synopsis of Asiatic Siricoidea with notes on certain exotic and fossil forms. Notes d'Entomologie Chinoise, 13, 11 - 189." type="journal article" year="1949">Maa, 1949: 63</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0635476C6033FFFCFB5A75F5FAEAFE62" author="Benson, R. B." box="[1162,1358,426,450]" page="157" pageId="7" pageNumber="572" year="1954">
<bibRefCitation id="E3051C8C6033FFFCFB5A75F5FAEAFE62" author="Benson, R. B." box="[1162,1358,426,450]" pageId="7" pageNumber="572" pagination="151 - 162" refId="ref15116" refString="Benson, R. B. (1954) Classification of the Xiphydriidae (Hymenoptera). Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London, 105 (9), 151 - 162. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1954. tb 00781. x" type="journal article" year="1954">Benson, 1954: 157</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0635476C6033FFFCFA8975F5FE94FE41" author="Smith, D. R." page="125" pageId="7" pageNumber="572" year="1978">
<bibRefCitation id="E3051C8C6033FFFCFA8975F5FE94FE41" author="Smith, D. R." pageId="7" pageNumber="572" pagination="1 - 193" refId="ref16313" refString="Smith, D. R. (1978) Suborder Symphyta. (Xyelidae, Pararchexyelidae, Parapamphiliidae, Xyelydidae, Karatavitidae, Gigasiricidae, Sepulcidae, Pseudosiricidae, Anaxyelidae, Siricidae, Xiphydriidae, Paroryssidae, Xyelotomidae, Blasticotomidae, Pergidae). In: Van der Vecht, J. &amp; Shenefelt, R. D. (Eds.), Hymenopterorum Catalogus. Pars 14. Dr. W. Junk B. V., The Hague, pp. i-vi + 1 - 193." type="book chapter" year="1978">Smith, 1978: 125</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0635476C6033FFFCFEEA7594FD88FE41" author="Taeger, A. &amp; Blank, S. M. &amp; Liston, A. D." box="[314,556,457,482]" page="121" pageId="7" pageNumber="572" year="2010">
<bibRefCitation id="E3051C8C6033FFFCFEEA7594FD88FE41" author="Taeger, A. &amp; Blank, S. M. &amp; Liston, A. D." box="[314,556,457,482]" pageId="7" pageNumber="572" pagination="1 - 1064" refId="ref16999" refString="Taeger, A., Blank, S. M. &amp; Liston, A. D. (2010) World catalog of Symphyta (Hymenoptera). Zootaxa, 2580 (11), 1 - 1064. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2580.1" type="journal article" year="2010">
Taeger
<emphasis id="B5E0BD6F6033FFFCFE547594FE15FE41" box="[388,433,457,481]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="572">et al</emphasis>
., 2010: 121
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0635476C6033FFFCFDE77597FCB7FE41" author="Smith, D. R. &amp; Tripotin, P. &amp; Shinohara, A." box="[567,787,457,481]" page="66" pageId="7" pageNumber="572" year="2011">
<bibRefCitation id="E3051C8C6033FFFCFDE77597FCB7FE41" author="Smith, D. R. &amp; Tripotin, P. &amp; Shinohara, A." box="[567,787,457,481]" pageId="7" pageNumber="572" pagination="61 - 70" refId="ref16522" refString="Smith, D. R., Tripotin, P. &amp; Shinohara, A. (2011) Xiphydriid woodwasps (Hymenoptera, Xiphydriidae) of Korea. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 113, 61 - 70. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.1988. tb 00242. x" type="journal article" year="2011">
Smith
<emphasis id="B5E0BD6F6033FFFCFDA97594FD02FE41" box="[633,678,457,481]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="572">et al</emphasis>
., 2011: 66
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0635476C6033FFFCFCCE7597FBE9FE41" author="Sundukov, Yu. N. &amp; Lelej, A. S." box="[798,1101,457,481]" page="115" pageId="7" pageNumber="572" year="2012">
<bibRefCitation id="E3051C8C6033FFFCFCCE7597FBE9FE41" author="Sundukov, Yu. N. &amp; Lelej, A. S." box="[798,1101,457,481]" pageId="7" pageNumber="572" pagination="62 - 119" refId="ref16763" refString="Sundukov, Yu. N. &amp; Lelej, A. S. (2012) Podotryad Symphyta-Sidyachebryukhie. In: Lelej, A. S. (Ed.), Annotated Catalogue of the Insects of Russian Far East, Volume I, Hymenoptera. Dalnauka, Vladivostok, pp. 62 - 119. [in Russian]" type="book chapter" year="2012">Sundukov &amp; Lelej, 2012: 115</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0635476C6033FFFCFB877597FA81FE41" author="Sundukov, Yu. N." box="[1111,1317,457,481]" page="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="572" year="2019">
<bibRefCitation id="E3051C8C6033FFFCFB877597FA81FE41" author="Sundukov, Yu. N." box="[1111,1317,457,481]" pageId="7" pageNumber="572" pagination="10 - 13" refId="ref16714" refString="Sundukov, Yu. N. (2019) To the knowledge of the genus Xiphydriola Semenov, 1921 (Hymenoptera: Xiphydriidae). Far Eastern Entomologist, (374), 10 - 13. https: // doi. org / 10.25221 / fee. 374.2" type="journal article" year="2019">Sundukov, 2019: 10</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0635476C6033FFFCFAFF7597FE8AFDA0" author="Shinohara, A." page="24" pageId="7" pageNumber="572" year="2019">
<bibRefCitation id="E3051C8C6033FFFCFAFF7597FE8AFDA0" author="Shinohara, A." pageId="7" pageNumber="572" pagination="21 - 24" refId="ref15930" refString="Shinohara, A. (2019 c) Family Xiphydriidae. In: Editorial Committee of Catalogue of the Insects of Japan (Ed.), Catalogue of the Insects of Japan, Vol. 9. Hymenoptera. Part 1. Symphyta. Entomological Society of Japan, Kyoto, pp. 21 - 24. [in Japanese]" type="book chapter" year="2019">Shinohara, 2019c: 24</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
<emphasis id="B5E0BD6F6033FFFCFEE875B6FE27FDA0" bold="true" box="[312,387,488,512]" pageId="7" pageNumber="572">N. syn.</emphasis>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<caption id="D3EB31F56033FFFCFF47733CFD43F846" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4491272" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4491272" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4491272/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="572" startId="7.[151,250,1890,1914]" targetBox="[207,1381,539,1860]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="872B617D6033FFFCFF47733CFD43F846" blockId="7.[151,1437,1890,2022]" pageId="7" pageNumber="572">
<emphasis id="B5E0BD6F6033FFFCFF47733CFEB7F8DA" bold="true" box="[151,275,1890,1914]" pageId="7" pageNumber="572">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
Females (A–F) and males (G–I). --- A,
<taxonomicName id="40941AFE6033FFFCFD75733DFC25F8DA" authority=", Akaigawa" authorityName="Akaigawa" box="[677,897,1890,1914]" class="Insecta" family="Xiphydriidae" genus="Pseudoxiphydria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="572" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="betulae">
<emphasis id="B5E0BD6F6033FFFCFD75733DFCAAF8DA" box="[677,782,1890,1914]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="572">K. betulae</emphasis>
, Akaigawa
</taxonomicName>
, Hokkaido, holotype of
<taxonomicName id="40941AFE6033FFFCFBA6733CFAD3F8DA" authorityName="Togashi" authorityYear="1998" box="[1142,1399,1890,1914]" class="Insecta" family="Xiphydriidae" genus="Platyxiphydria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="572" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nishijimai">
<emphasis id="B5E0BD6F6033FFFCFBA6733CFAD3F8DA" box="[1142,1399,1890,1914]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="572">Platyxiphydria nishijimai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; B,
<taxonomicName id="40941AFE6033FFFCFF4773D9FEA4F83E" box="[151,256,1926,1950]" class="Insecta" family="Xiphydriidae" genus="Pseudoxiphydria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="572" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="betulae">
<emphasis id="B5E0BD6F6033FFFCFF4773D9FEA4F83E" box="[151,256,1926,1950]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="572">K. betulae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, Nukabira-ko, Hokkaido; C,
<taxonomicName id="40941AFE6033FFFCFDF873D9FCEEF83E" authority=", Yumine, Honshu" authorityName="Yumine, Honshu" box="[552,842,1926,1950]" class="Insecta" family="Xiphydriidae" genus="Konowia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="572" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kojimai">
<emphasis id="B5E0BD6F6033FFFCFDF873D9FD36F83E" box="[552,658,1926,1950]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="572">K. kojimai</emphasis>
, Yumine, Honshu
</taxonomicName>
, holotype; D,
<taxonomicName id="40941AFE6033FFFCFC0A73D9FB03F83E" authority=", Yakumo" authorityName="Yakumo" box="[986,1191,1926,1950]" class="Insecta" family="Xiphydriidae" genus="Konowia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="572" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kojimai">
<emphasis id="B5E0BD6F6033FFFCFC0A73D9FBE0F83E" box="[986,1092,1926,1950]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="572">K. kojimai</emphasis>
, Yakumo
</taxonomicName>
, Hokkaido; E,
<taxonomicName id="40941AFE6033FFFCFAEF73D9FE94F862" authority=", Lodz" authorityName="Lodz" class="Insecta" family="Xiphydriidae" genus="Konowia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="572" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="megapolitana">
<emphasis id="B5E0BD6F6033FFFCFAEF73D9FF4FF862" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="572">K. megapolitana</emphasis>
, Łódż
</taxonomicName>
, Poland; F,
<taxonomicName id="40941AFE6033FFFCFE7873F5FD40F862" authority=", Nikko, Honshu" authorityName="Nikko, Honshu" box="[424,740,1962,1986]" class="Insecta" family="Xiphydriidae" genus="Konowia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="572" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yasumatsui">
<emphasis id="B5E0BD6F6033FFFCFE7873F5FD9CF862" box="[424,568,1963,1986]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="572">K. yasumatsui</emphasis>
, Nikko, Honshu
</taxonomicName>
; G,
<taxonomicName id="40941AFE6033FFFCFCDE73F5FCDCF862" box="[782,888,1962,1986]" class="Insecta" family="Xiphydriidae" genus="Pseudoxiphydria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="572" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="betulae">
<emphasis id="B5E0BD6F6033FFFCFCDE73F5FCDCF862" box="[782,888,1962,1986]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="572">K. betulae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, Memuro-dake, Hokkaido; H,
<taxonomicName id="40941AFE6033FFFCFB6373F5FF71F846" authority=", Asahidakeonsen" authorityName="Asahidakeonsen" class="Insecta" family="Xiphydriidae" genus="Konowia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="572" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kojimai">
<emphasis id="B5E0BD6F6033FFFCFB6373F5FAB9F862" box="[1203,1309,1962,1986]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="572">K. kojimai</emphasis>
, Asahidakeonsen
</taxonomicName>
, Hokkaido; I,
<taxonomicName id="40941AFE6033FFFCFEB57391FE51F846" box="[357,501,1999,2022]" class="Insecta" family="Xiphydriidae" genus="Konowia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="572" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yasumatsui">
<emphasis id="B5E0BD6F6033FFFCFEB57391FE51F846" box="[357,501,1999,2022]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="572">K. yasumatsui</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, Sobo-sancho, Kyushu.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="D3EB31F5603CFFF3FF477330FB0BF80A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4491274" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4491274" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4491274/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="573" startId="8.[151,250,1902,1926]" targetBox="[220,1370,190,1869]" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph id="872B617D603CFFF3FF477330FB0BF80A" blockId="8.[151,1436,1902,1962]" pageId="8" pageNumber="573">
<emphasis id="B5E0BD6F603CFFF3FF477330FEB0F826" bold="true" box="[151,276,1902,1926]" pageId="8" pageNumber="573">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
Females, Nissho-toge, Hokkaido,
<taxonomicName id="40941AFE603CFFF3FDA77331FD44F826" box="[631,736,1902,1926]" class="Insecta" family="Xiphydriidae" genus="Pseudoxiphydria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="573" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="betulae">
<emphasis id="B5E0BD6F603CFFF3FDA77331FD44F826" box="[631,736,1902,1926]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="573">K. betulae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(A–F) and
<emphasis id="B5E0BD6F603CFFF3FC887331FC6DF826" box="[856,969,1902,1926]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="573">
<taxonomicName id="40941AFE603CFFF3FC887331FC62F826" box="[856,966,1902,1926]" class="Insecta" family="Xiphydriidae" genus="Konowia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="573" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kojimai">K. kojimai</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
paratype (G–L). --- A, G, Dorsal view; B, H, lateral view; C, I, ventral view; D, J, head, dorsal view; E, K, head frontal view; F, L, head lateral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="D3EB31F5603DFFF2FF47722FFAA7F971" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4491276" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4491276" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4491276/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="574" startId="9.[151,250,1649,1673]" targetBox="[158,1430,187,1620]" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph id="872B617D603DFFF2FF47722FFAA7F971" blockId="9.[151,1437,1649,1745]" pageId="9" pageNumber="574">
<emphasis id="B5E0BD6F603DFFF2FF47722FFEB0F929" bold="true" box="[151,276,1649,1673]" pageId="9" pageNumber="574">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
Heads, females, dorsal (A–C, G–J) and dorsolateral (D–F, J–L) view. --- A, D,
<taxonomicName id="40941AFE603DFFF2FB9C722CFA88F929" authority=", Altenburg" authorityName="Altenburg" box="[1100,1324,1649,1673]" class="Insecta" family="Xiphydriidae" genus="Pseudoxiphydria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="574" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="betulae">
<emphasis id="B5E0BD6F603DFFF2FB9C722CFB12F929" box="[1100,1206,1649,1673]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="574">K. betulae</emphasis>
, Altenburg
</taxonomicName>
, Germany; B, E,
<taxonomicName id="40941AFE603DFFF2FF0472C8FE10F90D" authority=", Akaigawa" authorityName="Akaigawa" box="[212,436,1685,1709]" class="Insecta" family="Xiphydriidae" genus="Pseudoxiphydria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="574" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="betulae">
<emphasis id="B5E0BD6F603DFFF2FF0472C8FE9BF90D" box="[212,319,1685,1709]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="574">K. betulae</emphasis>
, Akaigawa
</taxonomicName>
, Hokkaido, holotype of
<taxonomicName id="40941AFE603DFFF2FD6072CBFC10F90D" authorityName="Togashi" authorityYear="1998" box="[688,948,1685,1709]" class="Insecta" family="Xiphydriidae" genus="Platyxiphydria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="574" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nishijimai">
<emphasis id="B5E0BD6F603DFFF2FD6072CBFC10F90D" box="[688,948,1685,1709]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="574">Platyxiphydria nishijimai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; C, F,
<taxonomicName id="40941AFE603DFFF2FC2D72C8FB69F90D" authority=", Yakumo" authorityName="Yakumo" box="[1021,1229,1685,1709]" class="Insecta" family="Xiphydriidae" genus="Konowia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="574" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kojimai">
<emphasis id="B5E0BD6F603DFFF2FC2D72C8FBCDF90D" box="[1021,1129,1685,1709]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="574">K. kojimai</emphasis>
, Yakumo
</taxonomicName>
, Hokkaido; G, J,
<taxonomicName id="40941AFE603DFFF2FA5572C8FE3FF971" authority=", Yumine, Honshu" authorityName="Yumine, Honshu" class="Insecta" family="Xiphydriidae" genus="Konowia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="574" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kojimai">
<emphasis id="B5E0BD6F603DFFF2FA5572C8FF47F971" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="574">K. kojimai</emphasis>
, Yumine, Honshu
</taxonomicName>
, holotype; H, K,
<taxonomicName id="40941AFE603DFFF2FD9A72E4FC92F971" authority=", Lodz" authorityName="Lodz" box="[586,822,1721,1745]" class="Insecta" family="Xiphydriidae" genus="Konowia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="574" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="megapolitana">
<emphasis id="B5E0BD6F603DFFF2FD9A72E4FD56F971" box="[586,754,1721,1745]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="574">K. megapolitana</emphasis>
, Łódż
</taxonomicName>
, Poland; I, L,
<taxonomicName id="40941AFE603DFFF2FC1572E4FAA7F971" authority=", Nikko, Honshu." box="[965,1283,1721,1745]" class="Insecta" family="Xiphydriidae" genus="Konowia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="574" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yasumatsui">
<emphasis id="B5E0BD6F603DFFF2FC1572E4FBF1F971" box="[965,1109,1722,1745]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="574">K. yasumatsui</emphasis>
, Nikko, Honshu.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="872B617D603DFFF2FF47737DFDE1F89D" blockId="9.[151,1436,1827,2034]" box="[151,581,1827,1854]" pageId="9" pageNumber="574">
See
<bibRefCitation id="E3051C8C603DFFF2FF17737DFEFFF89D" author="Smith, D. R." box="[199,347,1827,1853]" pageId="9" pageNumber="574" pagination="1 - 193" refId="ref16313" refString="Smith, D. R. (1978) Suborder Symphyta. (Xyelidae, Pararchexyelidae, Parapamphiliidae, Xyelydidae, Karatavitidae, Gigasiricidae, Sepulcidae, Pseudosiricidae, Anaxyelidae, Siricidae, Xiphydriidae, Paroryssidae, Xyelotomidae, Blasticotomidae, Pergidae). In: Van der Vecht, J. &amp; Shenefelt, R. D. (Eds.), Hymenopterorum Catalogus. Pars 14. Dr. W. Junk B. V., The Hague, pp. i-vi + 1 - 193." type="book chapter" year="1978">Smith (1978)</bibRefCitation>
for more references.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CF8E32F6603DFFF1FF177319FEABFE71" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="575" pageId="9" pageNumber="574" type="description">
<paragraph id="872B617D603DFFF1FF177319FB23FEC5" blockId="9.[151,1436,1827,2034]" lastBlockId="10.[151,1437,150,1545]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="575" pageId="9" pageNumber="574">
<emphasis id="B5E0BD6F603DFFF2FF177319FEF2F8C1" bold="true" box="[199,342,1863,1889]" pageId="9" pageNumber="574">Description.</emphasis>
Female: Length without ovipositor 5.0–
<quantity id="406CCC98603DFFF2FCDC7319FCCAF8C2" box="[780,878,1863,1890]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" pageId="9" pageNumber="574" unit="mm" value="12.5">12.5 mm</quantity>
. Black, often with pale brownish areas on mandible and legs, without creamy-white areas on antenna, legs and abdomen (
<figureCitation id="1FAF7DF8603DFFF2FC5C7335FC75F825" box="[908,977,1899,1925]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1890,1914]" captionTargetBox="[207,1381,539,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-194@7.[202,1385,534,1864]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 1. Females (A–F) and males (G–I). --- A, K. betulae, Akaigawa, Hokkaido, holotype of Platyxiphydria nishijimai; B, K. betulae, Nukabira-ko, Hokkaido; C, K. kojimai, Yumine, Honshu, holotype; D, K. kojimai, Yakumo, Hokkaido; E, K. megapolitana, Łódż, Poland; F, K. yasumatsui, Nikko, Honshu; G, K. betulae, Memuro-dake, Hokkaido; H, K. kojimai, Asahidakeonsen, Hokkaido; I, K. yasumatsui, Sobo-sancho, Kyushu." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4491272" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4491272/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="574">Figs 1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1FAF7DF8603DFFF2FC0E7335FC4AF825" box="[990,1006,1899,1925]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1902,1926]" captionTargetBox="[220,1370,190,1869]" captionTargetId="figure-20@8.[201,1386,181,1878]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 2. Females, Nissho-toge, Hokkaido, K. betulae (A–F) and K. kojimai, paratype (G–L). --- A, G, Dorsal view; B, H, lateral view; C, I, ventral view; D, J, head, dorsal view; E, K, head frontal view; F, L, head lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4491274" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4491274/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="574">2</figureCitation>
). Malar space broad, with shallow ventral pit; occipital carina (crassa) distinct, almost entire; genal carina developed nearly to vertex but their dorsal ends widely separated from each other; vertex without median longitudinal furrow or row of punctures (
<figureCitation id="1FAF7DF8603DFFF2FB0173EDFAB7F86D" box="[1233,1299,1971,1997]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1649,1673]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,187,1620]" captionTargetId="figure-19@9.[151,1435,181,1625]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 3. Heads, females, dorsal (A–C, G–J) and dorsolateral (D–F, J–L) view. --- A, D, K. betulae, Altenburg, Germany; B, E, K. betulae, Akaigawa, Hokkaido, holotype of Platyxiphydria nishijimai; C, F, K. kojimai, Yakumo, Hokkaido; G, J, K. kojimai, Yumine, Honshu, holotype; H, K, K. megapolitana, Łódż, Poland; I, L, K. yasumatsui, Nikko, Honshu." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4491276" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4491276/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="574">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
); vertex and upper part of gena largely covered with distinct surface microsculpture, dull; frons usually with fine reticulate sculpture. Antenna with 12–15 antennomeres (
<figureCitation id="1FAF7DF8603EFFF1FD8A74C9FD3FFF11" box="[602,667,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1789,1813]" captionTargetBox="[174,1414,188,1758]" captionTargetId="figure-20@12.[164,1423,181,1765]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 4. Antennae, K. betulae (A–J), K. kojimai (K–O), K. megapolitana (P, Q) and K. yasumatsui (R–U), females (A–I, K–N, P–T) and males (J, O, U). --- A, Altenburg, Germany; B, Mirugam, Korea; C, Nukabira-ko, Hokkaido; D, Horoshika-toge, Hokkaido; E, Nissho-toge, Hokkaido; F, Izumisawa, Hokkaido; G, Akaigawa, Hokkaido, holotype of Platyxiphydria nishijimai; H, same specimen as A, pedicel and base of flagellum; I, same specimen as B, pedicel and base of flagellum; J, Memuro-dake, Hokkaido; K, Nissho-toge, Hokkaido; L, Yakumo, Hokkaido; M, Yumine, Honshu, holotype; N, same specimen as L, pedicel and base of flagellum; O, Asahidake-onsen, Hokkaido; P, Łódż, Poland; Q, same specimen as P, pedicel and base of flagellum; R, Nikko, Honshu; S, Omogokei, Shikoku; T, same specimen as R, pedicel and base of flagellum; U, Sobo-sancho, Kyushu." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4491280" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4491280/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="575">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
A–I, K–N, P–T). Labial palpus with 3 palpomeres (
<figureCitation id="1FAF7DF8603EFFF1FB1C74C9FA84FF11" box="[1228,1312,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1902,1926]" captionTargetBox="[220,1370,190,1869]" captionTargetId="figure-20@8.[201,1386,181,1878]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 2. Females, Nissho-toge, Hokkaido, K. betulae (A–F) and K. kojimai, paratype (G–L). --- A, G, Dorsal view; B, H, lateral view; C, I, ventral view; D, J, head, dorsal view; E, K, head frontal view; F, L, head lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4491274" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4491274/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="575">Fig. 2F</figureCitation>
); maxillary palpus with 5 palpomeres, about as long as labial palpus. Tarsal claws each with blunt basal lobe and without inner tooth (
<figureCitation id="1FAF7DF8603EFFF1FF307481FE85FF5A" box="[224,289,223,250]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[183,1406,185,1881]" captionTargetId="figure-19@15.[178,1410,181,1885]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 6. Wings, females (A–C), hind legs, males (D, E) and tarsal claws, K. yasumatsui (F–K), female, Nikko, Honshu (F–H) and male, Sobo-sancho, Kyushu (I–K). --- A, K. betulae, Horoshika-toge, Hokkaido; B, K. kojimai, Yumine, Honshu, holotype; C, K. yasumatsui, Omogokei, Shikoku; D, K. betulae, Memuro-dake, Hokkaido; E, K. kojimai, Horoshika-toge, Hokkaido; F, I, Fore legs; G, J, mid legs; H, K, hind legs." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4491284" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4491284/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="575">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
F–K). Forewing with cell C narrow, cell 3R1 open at apex anteriorly, crossvein 2r-rs present, crossvein 3r-m usually present, crossvein 2r-m interstitial with or basal to crossvein 2m-cu on vein M, and vein 1A fused with or separated from vein 2A+3A (
<figureCitation id="1FAF7DF8603EFFF1FE047579FDB7FEE2" box="[468,531,295,322]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[183,1406,185,1881]" captionTargetId="figure-19@15.[178,1410,181,1885]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 6. Wings, females (A–C), hind legs, males (D, E) and tarsal claws, K. yasumatsui (F–K), female, Nikko, Honshu (F–H) and male, Sobo-sancho, Kyushu (I–K). --- A, K. betulae, Horoshika-toge, Hokkaido; B, K. kojimai, Yumine, Honshu, holotype; C, K. yasumatsui, Omogokei, Shikoku; D, K. betulae, Memuro-dake, Hokkaido; E, K. kojimai, Horoshika-toge, Hokkaido; F, I, Fore legs; G, J, mid legs; H, K, hind legs." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4491284" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4491284/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="575">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
A–C). Hindwing with cell R1 open at apex anteriorly and usually without crossvein 2r-m. Valvula 3 (apical sheath) about 0.8–1.1× length of valvifer 2 (basal sheath) (
<figureCitation id="1FAF7DF8603EFFF1FBC87515FBFAFEC5" box="[1048,1118,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1265,1289]" captionTargetBox="[159,1429,188,1235]" captionTargetId="figure-20@16.[151,1435,181,1241]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 7. Ovipositor sheaths, K. betulae, lateral view. --- A, Altenburg, Germany; B, Mirugam, Korea; C, Akaigawa, Hokkaido, holotype of Platyxiphydria nishijimai; D, Nukabira-ko, Hokkaido; E, Izumisawa, Hokkaido; F, Nissho-toge, Hokkaido." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4491286" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4491286/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="575">Figs 7</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1FAF7DF8603EFFF1FBBA7515FBDDFEC5" box="[1130,1145,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1262,1286]" captionTargetBox="[209,1380,189,1233]" captionTargetId="figure-19@17.[201,1386,181,1238]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 8. Ovipositor sheaths, K. kojimai (A–C), K. megapolitana (D) and K. yasumatsui (E, F), lateral view. --- A, Nissho-toge, Hokkaido; B, Yakumo, Hokkaido; C, Yumine, Honshu, holotype; D, Łódż, Poland; E, Nikko, Honshu; F, Omogokei, Shikoku." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4491288" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4491288/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="575">8</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="872B617D603EFFF1FF177531FEABFE71" blockId="10.[151,1437,150,1545]" pageId="10" pageNumber="575">
Male: Similar to female. Length 5.0–
<quantity id="406CCC98603EFFF1FDBC7530FD75FE29" box="[620,721,366,393]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" pageId="10" pageNumber="575" unit="mm" value="11.5">11.5 mm</quantity>
. Antenna with 13–15 antennomeres (
<figureCitation id="1FAF7DF8603EFFF1FBA47531FAA8FE29" box="[1140,1292,367,393]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1789,1813]" captionTargetBox="[174,1414,188,1758]" captionTargetId="figure-20@12.[164,1423,181,1765]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 4. Antennae, K. betulae (A–J), K. kojimai (K–O), K. megapolitana (P, Q) and K. yasumatsui (R–U), females (A–I, K–N, P–T) and males (J, O, U). --- A, Altenburg, Germany; B, Mirugam, Korea; C, Nukabira-ko, Hokkaido; D, Horoshika-toge, Hokkaido; E, Nissho-toge, Hokkaido; F, Izumisawa, Hokkaido; G, Akaigawa, Hokkaido, holotype of Platyxiphydria nishijimai; H, same specimen as A, pedicel and base of flagellum; I, same specimen as B, pedicel and base of flagellum; J, Memuro-dake, Hokkaido; K, Nissho-toge, Hokkaido; L, Yakumo, Hokkaido; M, Yumine, Honshu, holotype; N, same specimen as L, pedicel and base of flagellum; O, Asahidake-onsen, Hokkaido; P, Łódż, Poland; Q, same specimen as P, pedicel and base of flagellum; R, Nikko, Honshu; S, Omogokei, Shikoku; T, same specimen as R, pedicel and base of flagellum; U, Sobo-sancho, Kyushu." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4491280" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4491280/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="575">Fig. 4J, O, U</figureCitation>
). Abdominal sterna 4–8 each without a tuft of long golden hairs; apical projection of valviceps in genitalia not very long (
<figureCitation id="1FAF7DF8603EFFF1FABA75CDFF00FE71" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1714,1738]" captionTargetBox="[240,1383,470,1680]" captionTargetId="figure-144@18.[201,1386,453,1690]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 9. Male genitalia, M. harai, paratype, Maruyama, Hokkaido (A–C) and K. betulae, Memuro-dake, Hokkaido (D–F). --- A, D, Genital capsule, dorsal view; B, E, genital capsule, ventral view; C, F, penis valve, lateral view (left dorsal)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4491290" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4491290/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="575">Figs 9</figureCitation>
D–F, 10).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CF8E32F6603EFFF1FF177585FD88F9A9" pageId="10" pageNumber="575" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="872B617D603EFFF1FF177585FC6EFC99" blockId="10.[151,1437,150,1545]" pageId="10" pageNumber="575">
<emphasis id="B5E0BD6F603EFFF1FF177585FE90FE55" bold="true" box="[199,308,475,501]" pageId="10" pageNumber="575">Remarks</emphasis>
. The representatives of this genus are small (the largest specimen is
<quantity id="406CCC98603EFFF1FB807584FB12FE55" box="[1104,1206,474,501]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" pageId="10" pageNumber="575" unit="mm" value="12.5">12.5 mm</quantity>
long), mostly black xiphydriids with no creamy-white marks, further characterized by the more or less microsculptured vertex and gena on the head, simple tarsal claws on all legs, the vein 1A often fused with 2A+3A in the forewing, usual lack of a crossvein 2r-m in the hindwing, absence of long golden hair tufts on the male abdominal sterna, and rather short apical projection of the valviceps in the male genitalia (
<figureCitation id="1FAF7DF8603EFFF1FD0E7635FC90FD25" box="[734,820,619,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1714,1738]" captionTargetBox="[240,1383,470,1680]" captionTargetId="figure-144@18.[201,1386,453,1690]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 9. Male genitalia, M. harai, paratype, Maruyama, Hokkaido (A–C) and K. betulae, Memuro-dake, Hokkaido (D–F). --- A, D, Genital capsule, dorsal view; B, E, genital capsule, ventral view; C, F, penis valve, lateral view (left dorsal)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4491290" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4491290/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="575">Figs 9F</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1FAF7DF8603EFFF1FCEF7635FC2AFD25" box="[831,910,619,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1454,1478]" captionTargetBox="[177,1419,200,1421]" captionTargetId="figure-19@19.[151,1435,181,1430]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 10. Male genitalia, K. kojimai, Shinonome-ko, Hokkaido (A–C) and K. yasumatsui, Sobo-sancho, Kyushu (D–F). --- A, D, Genital capsule, dorsal view; B, E, genital capsule, ventral view; C, F, penis valve, lateral view (left dorsal)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4491292" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4491292/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="575">10C, F</figureCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation id="E3051C8C603EFFF1FC727635FAA4FD25" author="Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, A." box="[930,1280,619,645]" pageId="10" pageNumber="575" pagination="81 - 95" refId="ref15740" refString="Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, A. (1921) Praecursoriae Siricidarum novorum diagnoses (Hymenoptera). Russkoe Entomologicheskoe obozrenie, Petrograd, 17, 81 - 95. [1917]" type="journal article" year="1921">Semenov-Tian-Shanskij (1921)</bibRefCitation>
distinguished his new genus
<taxonomicName id="40941AFE603EFFF1FEE976D1FE1BFD09" authorityName="Semenov-Tian-Shanskii" authorityYear="1921" box="[313,447,655,681]" class="Insecta" genus="Xiphydriola" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="575" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B5E0BD6F603EFFF1FEE976D1FE1BFD09" box="[313,447,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="575">Xiphydriola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<taxonomicName id="40941AFE603EFFF1FDD176D1FDC2FD08" authorityName="Brauns" authorityYear="1884" box="[513,614,655,680]" class="Insecta" family="Xiphydriidae" genus="Konowia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="575" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B5E0BD6F603EFFF1FDD176D1FDC2FD08" box="[513,614,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="575">Konowia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="40941AFE603EFFF1FD4A76D1FCFCFD09" authorityName="Enslin" authorityYear="1911" box="[666,856,655,681]" class="Insecta" family="Xiphydriidae" genus="Pseudoxiphydria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="575" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B5E0BD6F603EFFF1FD4A76D1FCFCFD09" box="[666,856,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="575">Pseudoxiphydria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the four cubital cells (3r-m present) and the separated veins 1A and 2A+3A in the forewing. As discussed above, these venational characters are not stable enough to warrant distinction of genera and we treat them as synonyms.
<taxonomicName id="40941AFE603EFFF1FCBB7689FC74FD50" authorityName="Brauns" authorityYear="1884" box="[875,976,727,752]" class="Insecta" family="Xiphydriidae" genus="Konowia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="575" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B5E0BD6F603EFFF1FCBB7689FC74FD50" box="[875,976,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="575">Konowia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a rare genus previously recorded from Europe to the Russian Far East (
<bibRefCitation id="E3051C8C603EFFF1FDD376A5FD56FCB5" author="Lelej, A. S. &amp; Taeger, A." box="[515,754,763,789]" pageId="10" pageNumber="575" pagination="960" refId="ref15498" refString="Lelej, A. S. &amp; Taeger, A. (2007) 10. Sem. Xiphydriidae-Ostrobryukhie Rogokhvosty, ili Ksifidriidy. In: Key to the insects of Russian Far East. Vol. IV. Neuropteroidea, Mecoptera, Hymenoptera. Pt 5. Dal'nauka, Vladivostok, pp. 960." type="book chapter" year="2007">Lelej &amp; Taeger 2007</bibRefCitation>
). Synonymized with
<taxonomicName id="40941AFE603EFFF1FC3076A5FBC2FCB5" authorityName="Semenov-Tian-Shanskii" authorityYear="1921" box="[992,1126,763,789]" class="Insecta" genus="Xiphydriola" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="575" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B5E0BD6F603EFFF1FC3076A5FBC2FCB5" box="[992,1126,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="575">Xiphydriola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="40941AFE603EFFF1FBA476A5FB7DFCB4" authorityName="Brauns" authorityYear="1884" box="[1140,1241,763,788]" class="Insecta" family="Xiphydriidae" genus="Konowia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="575" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B5E0BD6F603EFFF1FBA476A5FB7DFCB4" box="[1140,1241,763,788]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="575">Konowia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is now known to occur also in
<collectingCountry id="FF8321ED603EFFF1FEFD7741FED5FC99" box="[301,369,799,825]" name="South Korea" pageId="10" pageNumber="575">Korea</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingRegion id="4550AF9F603EFFF1FE787741FDBDFC99" box="[424,537,799,825]" country="Japan" name="Hokkaido" pageId="10" pageNumber="575">Hokkaido</collectingRegion>
, Honshu, Shikoku and Kyushu,
<collectingCountry id="FF8321ED603EFFF1FC537741FC62FC99" box="[899,966,799,825]" name="Japan" pageId="10" pageNumber="575">Japan</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="872B617D603EFFF1FF17771DFBD1FB01" blockId="10.[151,1437,150,1545]" pageId="10" pageNumber="575">
There is some confusion as to the identity of the previously recorded males from Europe.
<bibRefCitation id="E3051C8C603EFFF1FB7B771DFAE7FCFD" author="Enslin, E." box="[1195,1347,835,861]" pageId="10" pageNumber="575" pagination="663 - 790" refId="ref15223" refString="Enslin, E. (1918) Die Tenthredinoidea Mitteleuropas VII. (Schluss). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Berlin, [1917] (Beiheft), pp. 663 - 790." type="journal article" year="1918">Enslin (1918)</bibRefCitation>
first referred to the males in this group, which he identified as
<taxonomicName id="40941AFE603EFFF1FD2A7739FC10FC21" box="[762,948,871,897]" class="Insecta" family="Xiphydriidae" genus="Konowia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="575" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="megapolitana">
<emphasis id="B5E0BD6F603EFFF1FD2A7739FC10FC21" box="[762,948,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="575">K. megapolitana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="E3051C8C603EFFF1FC107739FBFFFC21" author="Jansen, E." box="[960,1115,871,897]" pageId="10" pageNumber="575" pagination="1 - 12" refId="ref15347" refString="Jansen, E. (1987) Die europaischen Arten der Gattung Konowia Brauns (Hymenoptera: Xiphydriidae). Stuttgarter Beitrage zur Naturkunde, Serie A (Biologie), 4, 1 - 12." type="journal article" year="1987">Jansen (1987)</bibRefCitation>
disagreed with this view and identified all the known males as
<taxonomicName id="40941AFE603EFFF1FDD877D5FDDDFC05" box="[520,633,907,933]" class="Insecta" family="Xiphydriidae" genus="Pseudoxiphydria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="575" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="betulae">
<emphasis id="B5E0BD6F603EFFF1FDD877D5FDDDFC05" box="[520,633,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="575">K. betulae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Jansen’s reasons were the same proportion of the hind tarsomeres as the female of
<taxonomicName id="40941AFE603EFFF1FED877F1FEDFFC69" box="[264,379,943,969]" class="Insecta" family="Xiphydriidae" genus="Pseudoxiphydria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="575" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="betulae">
<emphasis id="B5E0BD6F603EFFF1FED877F1FEDFFC69" box="[264,379,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="575">K. betulae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, occasional presence of the crossvein 3r-m and the distal position of the crossvein 2m-cu from the crossvein 2r-m in the males. Though we need more material and information to confirm the correct association of sexes, our study may support, rather than refute, Jansen’s view. We have examined one male Japanese specimen (B
<quantity id="406CCC98603EFFF1FF647045FF7BFB95" box="[180,223,1051,1077]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.032" pageId="10" pageNumber="575" unit="in" value="8.0">8 in</quantity>
<tableCitation id="CA1654C6603EFFF1FF367045FEE1FB95" box="[230,325,1051,1077]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="2.[159,252,185,209]" captionText="TABLE 1. Individual variation of taxonomic characters." pageId="10" pageNumber="575">Tables 1</tableCitation>
,
<tableCitation id="CA1654C6603EFFF1FE847045FEC0FB95" box="[340,356,1051,1077]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="3.[165,258,495,519]" captionText="TABLE 2. Individual variation of taxonomic characters." pageId="10" pageNumber="575">2</tableCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1FAF7DF8603EFFF1FEA07045FE68FB95" box="[368,460,1051,1077]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1890,1914]" captionTargetBox="[207,1381,539,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-194@7.[202,1385,534,1864]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 1. Females (A–F) and males (G–I). --- A, K. betulae, Akaigawa, Hokkaido, holotype of Platyxiphydria nishijimai; B, K. betulae, Nukabira-ko, Hokkaido; C, K. kojimai, Yumine, Honshu, holotype; D, K. kojimai, Yakumo, Hokkaido; E, K. megapolitana, Łódż, Poland; F, K. yasumatsui, Nikko, Honshu; G, K. betulae, Memuro-dake, Hokkaido; H, K. kojimai, Asahidakeonsen, Hokkaido; I, K. yasumatsui, Sobo-sancho, Kyushu." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4491272" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4491272/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="575">Figs 1G</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1FAF7DF8603EFFF1FE0A7045FE51FB95" box="[474,501,1051,1077]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1789,1813]" captionTargetBox="[174,1414,188,1758]" captionTargetId="figure-20@12.[164,1423,181,1765]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 4. Antennae, K. betulae (A–J), K. kojimai (K–O), K. megapolitana (P, Q) and K. yasumatsui (R–U), females (A–I, K–N, P–T) and males (J, O, U). --- A, Altenburg, Germany; B, Mirugam, Korea; C, Nukabira-ko, Hokkaido; D, Horoshika-toge, Hokkaido; E, Nissho-toge, Hokkaido; F, Izumisawa, Hokkaido; G, Akaigawa, Hokkaido, holotype of Platyxiphydria nishijimai; H, same specimen as A, pedicel and base of flagellum; I, same specimen as B, pedicel and base of flagellum; J, Memuro-dake, Hokkaido; K, Nissho-toge, Hokkaido; L, Yakumo, Hokkaido; M, Yumine, Honshu, holotype; N, same specimen as L, pedicel and base of flagellum; O, Asahidake-onsen, Hokkaido; P, Łódż, Poland; Q, same specimen as P, pedicel and base of flagellum; R, Nikko, Honshu; S, Omogokei, Shikoku; T, same specimen as R, pedicel and base of flagellum; U, Sobo-sancho, Kyushu." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4491280" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4491280/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="575">4J</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1FAF7DF8603EFFF1FDD17045FDAAFB95" box="[513,526,1051,1077]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1714,1738]" captionTargetBox="[240,1383,470,1680]" captionTargetId="figure-144@18.[201,1386,453,1690]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 9. Male genitalia, M. harai, paratype, Maruyama, Hokkaido (A–C) and K. betulae, Memuro-dake, Hokkaido (D–F). --- A, D, Genital capsule, dorsal view; B, E, genital capsule, ventral view; C, F, penis valve, lateral view (left dorsal)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4491290" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4491290/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="575">9</figureCitation>
D–F) agreeing, except for the absence of crossvein 3r-m in both forewings, with Jansen’s interpretation of
<taxonomicName id="40941AFE603EFFF1FE687061FD8FFBF9" box="[440,555,1087,1113]" class="Insecta" family="Xiphydriidae" genus="Pseudoxiphydria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="575" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="betulae">
<emphasis id="B5E0BD6F603EFFF1FE687061FD8FFBF9" box="[440,555,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="575">K. betulae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which has the same proportion of hind tarsomeres and the same relative position of the crossveins 2r-m and 2m-cu in the forewing as the females of
<taxonomicName id="40941AFE603EFFF1FC6F703DFB96FBDD" box="[959,1074,1123,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Xiphydriidae" genus="Pseudoxiphydria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="575" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="betulae">
<emphasis id="B5E0BD6F603EFFF1FC6F703DFB96FBDD" box="[959,1074,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="575">K. betulae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<tableCitation id="CA1654C6603EFFF1FB91703DFB3DFBDD" box="[1089,1177,1123,1149]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="3.[165,258,495,519]" captionText="TABLE 2. Individual variation of taxonomic characters." pageId="10" pageNumber="575">Table 2</tableCitation>
). We have seen several female specimens of
<taxonomicName id="40941AFE603EFFF1FE5470D9FE53FB01" box="[388,503,1159,1185]" class="Insecta" family="Xiphydriidae" genus="Pseudoxiphydria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="575" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="betulae">
<emphasis id="B5E0BD6F603EFFF1FE5470D9FE53FB01" box="[388,503,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="575">K. betulae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but no
<taxonomicName id="40941AFE603EFFF1FD8370D9FCAAFB01" box="[595,782,1159,1185]" class="Insecta" family="Xiphydriidae" genus="Konowia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="575" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="megapolitana">
<emphasis id="B5E0BD6F603EFFF1FD8370D9FCAAFB01" box="[595,782,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="575">K. megapolitana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, from
<collectingCountry id="FF8321ED603EFFF1FC8970D9FC3DFB01" box="[857,921,1159,1185]" name="Japan" pageId="10" pageNumber="575">Japan</collectingCountry>
and adjacent areas.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="872B617D603EFFF1FF1770F5FD88F9A9" blockId="10.[151,1437,150,1545]" pageId="10" pageNumber="575">
The four species of
<taxonomicName id="40941AFE603EFFF1FE7970F5FDAAFB64" authorityName="Brauns" authorityYear="1884" box="[425,526,1195,1220]" class="Insecta" family="Xiphydriidae" genus="Konowia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="575" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B5E0BD6F603EFFF1FE7970F5FDAAFB64" box="[425,526,1195,1220]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="575">Konowia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
may be separated into two groups of species, one represented by
<emphasis id="B5E0BD6F603EFFF1FB2870F5FACFFB65" box="[1272,1387,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="575">
K,
<taxonomicName id="40941AFE603EFFF1FAC970F5FACFFB65" box="[1305,1387,1195,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Xiphydriidae" genus="Pseudoxiphydria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="575" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="betulae">betulae</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="40941AFE603EFFF1FF477091FE9DFB48" box="[151,313,1231,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Xiphydriidae" genus="Konowia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="575" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yasumatsui">
<emphasis id="B5E0BD6F603EFFF1FF477091FE9DFB48" box="[151,313,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="575">K. yasumatsui</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and the other represented by
<taxonomicName id="40941AFE603EFFF1FD4C7091FCFDFB49" box="[668,857,1231,1257]" class="Insecta" family="Xiphydriidae" genus="Konowia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="575" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="megapolitana">
<emphasis id="B5E0BD6F603EFFF1FD4C7091FCFDFB49" box="[668,857,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="575">K. megapolitana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="40941AFE603EFFF1FC457091FBA9FB49" box="[917,1037,1231,1257]" class="Insecta" family="Xiphydriidae" genus="Konowia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="575" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kojimai">
<emphasis id="B5E0BD6F603EFFF1FC457091FBA9FB49" box="[917,1037,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="575">K. kojimai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The former pair has the antennae comparatively thick and the crossveins 2r-m and 2m-cu far apart on the vein M in the forewing, whereas the latter pair has the antennae slender and the crossveins 2r-m and 2m-cu usually interstitial on the vein M. It is interesting that the distributional ranges of the two groups of species largely overlap (both occurring from Europe to
<collectingCountry id="FF8321ED603EFFF1FAF27165FAC2FAF5" box="[1314,1382,1339,1365]" name="Japan" pageId="10" pageNumber="575">Japan</collectingCountry>
), but the two component species of each group are totally allopatric;
<taxonomicName id="40941AFE603EFFF1FCB07101FC77FAD9" box="[864,979,1375,1401]" class="Insecta" family="Xiphydriidae" genus="Pseudoxiphydria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="575" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="betulae">
<emphasis id="B5E0BD6F603EFFF1FCB07101FC77FAD9" box="[864,979,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="575">K. betulae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distributed widely from Europe to the Russian Far East, Northeast
<collectingCountry id="FF8321ED603EFFF1FE0971DDFDBBFA3D" box="[473,543,1411,1437]" name="China" pageId="10" pageNumber="575">China</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="FF8321ED603EFFF1FDFB71DDFDCBFA3D" box="[555,623,1411,1437]" name="South Korea" pageId="10" pageNumber="575">Korea</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingRegion id="4550AF9F603EFFF1FD7871DDFCB2FA3D" box="[680,790,1411,1437]" country="Japan" name="Hokkaido" pageId="10" pageNumber="575">Hokkaido</collectingRegion>
(
<collectingCountry id="FF8321ED603EFFF1FCF671DDFCCFFA3D" box="[806,875,1411,1437]" name="Japan" pageId="10" pageNumber="575">Japan</collectingCountry>
), while
<taxonomicName id="40941AFE603EFFF1FC1571DDFBC1FA3C" box="[965,1125,1411,1436]" class="Insecta" family="Xiphydriidae" genus="Konowia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="575" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yasumatsui">
<emphasis id="B5E0BD6F603EFFF1FC1571DDFBC1FA3C" box="[965,1125,1411,1436]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="575">K. yasumatsui</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been found in Honshu, Shikoku and Kyushu (
<collectingCountry id="FF8321ED603EFFF1FE4271F9FE73FA61" box="[402,471,1447,1473]" name="Japan" pageId="10" pageNumber="575">Japan</collectingCountry>
), and
<taxonomicName id="40941AFE603EFFF1FDCA71F9FD71FA61" box="[538,725,1447,1473]" class="Insecta" family="Xiphydriidae" genus="Konowia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="575" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="megapolitana">
<emphasis id="B5E0BD6F603EFFF1FDCA71F9FD71FA61" box="[538,725,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="575">K. megapolitana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is spread widely from Europe to the Russian Far East, whereas
<taxonomicName id="40941AFE603EFFF1FF477195FEA8FA45" box="[151,268,1483,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Xiphydriidae" genus="Konowia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="575" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kojimai">
<emphasis id="B5E0BD6F603EFFF1FF477195FEA8FA45" box="[151,268,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="575">K. kojimai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been found in
<collectingRegion id="4550AF9F603EFFF1FE317195FDEBFA45" box="[481,591,1483,1509]" country="Japan" name="Hokkaido" pageId="10" pageNumber="575">Hokkaido</collectingRegion>
and Honshu (
<collectingCountry id="FF8321ED603EFFF1FD3D7195FC97FA45" box="[749,819,1483,1509]" name="Japan" pageId="10" pageNumber="575">Japan</collectingCountry>
). In each pair of species, speciation may have occurred as a result of geographical isolation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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