526 lines
65 KiB
XML
526 lines
65 KiB
XML
<document id="25EC285684449180599E9453CDD7B628" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.181647" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d2600104-ee0d-4382-91cd-c15da5e97a9f" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="181647" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459836913547" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Nieves-Aldrey, José Luis, Nieves, Maria Hernández & Gómez, José F." docDate="2008" docId="CA3DF7449006FFC6FF4AFE801C6FFD5B" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01746p060.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1746" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleId="6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Megastigmus dorsalis Fabricius 1798" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="52" masterDocId="36048F3C9005FFC0FFDDFFF71D70FFC9" masterDocTitle="Larval morphology and biology of three European species of Megastigmus (Hymenoptera, Torymidae, Megastigminae) parasitoids of gall wasps, including a comparison with the larvae of two seed-infesting species" masterLastPageNumber="60" masterPageNumber="46" pageNumber="49" updateTime="1698223812545" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="01AFB495EC9DEB131B1D7A3B4B79EF30">Larval morphology and biology of three European species of Megastigmus (Hymenoptera, Torymidae, Megastigminae) parasitoids of gall wasps, including a comparison with the larvae of two seed-infesting species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="CD0E366A377DFECA2497587741B0852F">Nieves-Aldrey, José Luis</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4396942DE10B57B2EA43DC12D891DF2D">Nieves, Maria Hernández</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="48996B6D4623B2DB40433A2AAA7A1C66">Gómez, José F.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="36006A4FA4BB06A4DEE9ABE64CE0FA92">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="377FD0687A3EE470B7A4A64A35C7386D">
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<mods:date id="695A1580CBD23C81F562BBEB1DA47556">2008</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="275EA5A4ED8F841A0570D3AC529E4B66">1746</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="DF4A52631D410AE4B1208A9A1DC75D5F" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.181647</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="CA3DF7449006FFC6FF4AFE801C6FFD5B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5661041" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119359190" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5661041" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CA3DF7449006FFC6FF4AFE801C6FFD5B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/CA3DF7449006FFC6FF4AFE801C6FFD5B" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="3" pageNumber="49">
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<subSubSection id="0A8E15D99006FFC3FF4AFE801F08FE58" box="[151,632,375,401]" pageId="3" pageNumber="49" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="422B46529006FFC3FF4AFE801F08FE58" blockId="3.[151,632,375,401]" box="[151,632,375,401]" pageId="3" pageNumber="49">
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<heading id="1963F13E9006FFC3FF4AFE801F08FE58" bold="true" box="[151,632,375,401]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="49" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="85943DD19006FFC3FF4AFE801F08FE58" ID-CoL="3YZD7" authority="Fabricius, 1798" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1798" box="[151,632,375,401]" class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Megastigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dorsalis">
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<emphasis id="70E09A409006FFC3FF4AFE801F08FE58" bold="true" box="[151,632,375,401]" pageId="3" pageNumber="49">
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<emphasis id="70E09A409006FFC3FF4AFE801CEDFE58" bold="true" box="[151,413,375,401]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="49">Megastigmus dorsalis</emphasis>
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(Fabricius, 1798)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0A8E15D99006FFC3FF4AFE351847F945" pageId="3" pageNumber="49" type="description">
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<paragraph id="422B46529006FFC3FF4AFE351EC2FDE5" blockId="3.[151,1437,450,2036]" pageId="3" pageNumber="49">
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<emphasis id="70E09A409006FFC3FF4AFE351C3EFE15" bold="true" box="[151,334,450,476]" pageId="3" pageNumber="49">Measurements</emphasis>
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: ex gall
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<taxonomicName id="85943DD19006FFC3FE65FE351F08FE12" box="[440,632,450,475]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kollari">
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<emphasis id="70E09A409006FFC3FE65FE351F08FE12" box="[440,632,450,475]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="49">Andricus kollari</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(agamic generation) (n=1; measured specimen without mean information), body length:
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<quantity id="856CEBB79006FFC3FE42FE1D1C8DFDCD" box="[415,509,490,516]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" pageId="3" pageNumber="49" unit="mm" value="3.3">3.3 mm</quantity>
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; maximum width:
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<quantity id="856CEBB79006FFC3FD00FE1D1E4BFDCD" box="[733,827,490,516]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="3" pageNumber="49" unit="mm" value="1.7">1.7 mm</quantity>
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; ex gall
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<taxonomicName id="85943DD19006FFC3FC7CFE1D1926FDCA" box="[929,1110,490,515]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grossulariae">
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<emphasis id="70E09A409006FFC3FC7CFE1D1926FDCA" box="[929,1110,490,515]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="49">A. grossulariae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(agamic generation) (n=4), body length: 1.9–3.3 (2.3) mm; maximum width: 0.9–1.9 (1.3) mm.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="422B46529006FFC3FF18FDCD1CD0FC2D" blockId="3.[151,1437,450,2036]" pageId="3" pageNumber="49">
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<emphasis id="70E09A409006FFC3FF18FDCD1C25FD9D" bold="true" box="[197,341,570,596]" pageId="3" pageNumber="49">Description</emphasis>
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: The body is composed of head and 13 segments (three thoracic, 9 abdominal and one anal segment) (
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<figureCitation id="DAAF5AD79006FFC3FEC9FD951C28FDB5" box="[276,344,610,636]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,255,1789,1813]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,501,1774]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,501,1775]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Ventral view of final-instar larvae of Megastigmus. A. M. dorsalis ex Andricus kollari (asexual). B. M. dorsalis ex Andricus grossulariae (sexual). C. M. dumicola ex Plagiotrochus kiefferianus (asexual). D. M. stigmatizans ex Andricus kollari (asexual). E. M. pistaciae ex seeds of Pistacia lentiscus F. M. aculeatus ex seeds of Rosa sp." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/181648/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="49">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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A). Body 1.7–1.9 × as long as broad; cylindrical or slightly fusiform, a little broader in the mid-region, tapering slightly anteriorly and posteriorly; anal segment truncated, about two times broader than long. Colour is whitish and integument is smooth except for anterior 1/3 of T1–T3, which are rugose with irregular papillate sculpture, also visible on the genal area of head (
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<figureCitation id="DAAF5AD79006FFC3FC1AFD2D197EFD3D" box="[967,1038,730,756]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,255,1881,1905]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,1855]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,194,1857]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Anterior view of the head of the final-instar larvae of Megastigmus. A. M. dorsalis ex Andricus kollari (asexual). B. M. dorsalis ex Andricus grossulariae (sexual). C. M. dumicola ex Plagiotrochus kiefferianus (asexual). D. M. stigmatizans ex Andricus kollari (asexual). E. M. pistaciae ex seeds of Pistacia lentiscus F. M. aculeatus ex seeds of Rosa sp. Arrows point at antennal setae and anterior margin of clypeus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/181650/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="49">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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A). Body sparsely setose; T1–T2 with 9–15 long setae almost as long as length of a thoracic segment; the third thoracic segment present 3–5 setae, each much shorter than a thoracic segment, while the abdominal segments appear almost bare; only a pair of inconspicuous short setae are visible on pleural region of A8; two pairs on A9 (one ventral, one pleural) and two pairs on the anal segment. The body is ventrally curved in the lateral view (
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<figureCitation id="DAAF5AD79006FFC3FB45FC8D19AEFC5D" box="[1176,1246,890,916]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,255,1256,1280]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,274,1231]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,274,1232]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Lateral view of final-instar larvae of Megastigmus. A. M. dorsalis ex Andricus kollari (asexual). B. M. dumicola ex Plagiotrochus kiefferianus (asexual). C. M. stigmatizans ex Andricus kollari (asexual). D. M. aculeatus ex seeds of Rosa sp." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/181649/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="49">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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A); the spiracles are visible on T2–A7. Anterodorsal protuberances visible on T2–A9 (
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<figureCitation id="DAAF5AD79006FFC3FC05FC551950FC75" box="[984,1056,930,956]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,255,1256,1280]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,274,1231]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,274,1232]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Lateral view of final-instar larvae of Megastigmus. A. M. dorsalis ex Andricus kollari (asexual). B. M. dumicola ex Plagiotrochus kiefferianus (asexual). C. M. stigmatizans ex Andricus kollari (asexual). D. M. aculeatus ex seeds of Rosa sp." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/181649/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="49">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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A); ventral margin of body segments slightly convex.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="422B46529006FFC3FF18FC051E48FABD" blockId="3.[151,1437,450,2036]" pageId="3" pageNumber="49">
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Head (anterior view) (
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<figureCitation id="DAAF5AD79006FFC3FE17FC051F7EFBC5" box="[458,526,1010,1036]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,255,1881,1905]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,1855]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,194,1857]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Anterior view of the head of the final-instar larvae of Megastigmus. A. M. dorsalis ex Andricus kollari (asexual). B. M. dorsalis ex Andricus grossulariae (sexual). C. M. dumicola ex Plagiotrochus kiefferianus (asexual). D. M. stigmatizans ex Andricus kollari (asexual). E. M. pistaciae ex seeds of Pistacia lentiscus F. M. aculeatus ex seeds of Rosa sp. Arrows point at antennal setae and anterior margin of clypeus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/181650/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="49">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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A) ovate, 1.2 times as wide as high; upper margin of vertex medially incised; concave medially, medial incision of vertex is prolonged as a groove ending in a deep oval pit; incised upper margin of vertex forms an ~90º angle with the median groove, and is generally narrower than the frontal pit. The head has a chaetotaxy pattern composed of 5–7 pairs of setae; antero-medial setae of vertex long, situated on the truncated margin of vertex; antero-medial setae are level or slightly above of the anterior margin of frontal pit, its length varying from one-half to almost as long as the distance between antennae. A pair of long genal and hypostomal setae are present with a pair of latero-clypeal setae with length varying from half to two thirds of width of labrum. The clypeal setae are very short, and the antenna is button-like, situated slightly below the margin of frontal pit. Ventral margin of clypeus indistinct or incomplete. Labrum sub-rectangular, its anterior margin fringed into small acute flaps or lobes.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="422B46529006FFC3FF18FA741F39FA25" blockId="3.[151,1437,450,2036]" pageId="3" pageNumber="49">
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<emphasis id="70E09A409006FFC3FF18FA741C24FA55" box="[197,340,1411,1436]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="49">Mouth parts</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation id="DAAF5AD79006FFC3FEB9FA751CDAFA55" box="[356,426,1410,1436]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,255,1875,1899]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,1849]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,194,1851]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Anterior view of mouthparts of final-instar larvae of Megastigmus. A. M. dorsalis ex Andricus kollari (asexual). B. M. dorsalis ex Andricus grossulariae (sexual). C. M. dumicola ex Plagiotrochus kiefferianus (asexual). D. M. stigmatizans ex Andricus kollari (asexual). E. M. pistaciae ex seeds of Pistacia lentiscus F. M. aculeatus ex seeds of Rosa sp." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/181651/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="49">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
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A). The maxillae are differentiated from labium, divided into two mostly differentiated parts. Two pairs of maxillary palps are visible, with a concave labium and two pairs of short labial setae present, the ventral one being longer.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="422B46529006FFC3FF18FA0C1847F945" blockId="3.[151,1437,450,2036]" pageId="3" pageNumber="49">
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<emphasis id="70E09A409006FFC3FF18FA0C1C31F9DD" box="[197,321,1531,1556]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="49">Mandibles</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation id="DAAF5AD79006FFC3FE8EFA0D1CEEF9DD" box="[339,414,1530,1556]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,255,1804,1828]" captionTargetBox="[167,1418,194,1780]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[167,1420,194,1781]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Mandibles of the final-instar larvae of Megastigmus. A. M. dorsalis, left mandible anterior view. B. M. dorsalis left mandible, posterior view. C. M. pistaciae, right mandible, posterior view D. M. dumicola, left mandible, anterior view E. M. dumicola, right mandible, anterior view. F. M. aculeatus, right mandible, posterior view G. M. stigmatizans, left mandible, anterior view. H. M. stigmatizans, right mandible, anterior view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/181652/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="49">Figs 5</figureCitation>
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A, 5B). The mandibles are strongly sclerotized and exposed in part; the upper half of mandibles are visible under labrum. The right and left mandibles have four teeth, and a fifth very small tooth is visible in the left mandible. First tooth more than twice as long as second; apical part of first two teeth is slightly blunt, and the third and fourth teeth are triangular, acute and are not separated by a wide gap.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0A8E15D99006FFC3FF1BF96D1826F83D" pageId="3" pageNumber="49" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="422B46529006FFC3FF1BF96D1826F83D" blockId="3.[151,1437,450,2036]" pageId="3" pageNumber="49">
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<emphasis id="70E09A409006FFC3FF1BF96D1C4FF97D" bold="true" box="[198,319,1690,1716]" pageId="3" pageNumber="49">Remarks.</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="70E09A409006FFC3FE95F96C1CC1F97D" box="[328,433,1691,1716]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="49">Va ri at io n</emphasis>
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: Adult individuals reared from galls of the sexual generation of
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<taxonomicName id="85943DD19006FFC3FB6CF96C1D83F915" authority="Gir." authorityName="Gir." class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grossulariae">
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<emphasis id="70E09A409006FFC3FB6CF96C1DCBF915" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="49">Andricus grossulariae</emphasis>
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Gir.
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</taxonomicName>
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, on
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<taxonomicName id="85943DD19006FFC3FEFAF9341CA3F915" box="[295,467,1731,1756]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="suber">
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<emphasis id="70E09A409006FFC3FEFAF9341CA3F915" box="[295,467,1731,1756]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="49">Quercus suber</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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L. in
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<collectingCountry id="3A8306C29006FFC3FDC2F9351F12F915" box="[543,610,1730,1756]" name="Spain" pageId="3" pageNumber="49">Spain</collectingCountry>
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(
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<figureCitation id="DAAF5AD79006FFC3FDAEF9351FCCF915" box="[627,700,1730,1756]" captionStart="FIGURE 6. A" captionStartId="11.[151,255,1809,1833]" captionTargetBox="[249,1350,194,1797]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[249,1351,194,1798]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. A. Cross section of a gall of Andricus kollari showing a larva of M. dorsalis in a secondary cell of the inquiline Synergus umbraculus, and the central cell occupied by the larva of M. stigmatizans. B. Larva of M. dorsalis in a peripheral cell of a gall of A. kollari. C. Larva of M. dorsalis in a gall of Andricus grossulariae (sexual gen.). D. Crosssection of a gall of Plagiotrochus kiefferianus with larvae of M. dumicola E. Larva of M. stigmatizans. F. Detail of head of the larva of M. stigmatizans. G. Cross section of a gall of A. kollari showing the central cell with a larva of M. stigmatizans. H. A seed inside a hip of Rosa sp., attacked by a larva of M. aculeatus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/181653/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="49">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
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C), differed slightly in coloration (yellow colour more extensive) and few other features (relative lengths of A2 and A3, infumate area below stigma) from typical
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<taxonomicName id="85943DD19006FFC3FAA1F91C1D86F8E5" class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Megastigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dorsalis">
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<emphasis id="70E09A409006FFC3FAA1F91C1D86F8E5" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="49">M. dorsalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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reared from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="85943DD19006FFC3FE4FF8E41F73F8E5" box="[402,515,1811,1836]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kollari">
|
||
<emphasis id="70E09A409006FFC3FE4FF8E41F73F8E5" box="[402,515,1811,1836]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="49">A. kollari</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
galls, but they could not be identified as a separate species, according actual revisions of the group de
|
||
<taxonomicName id="85943DD19006FFC3FE19F8CC1F10F89D" box="[452,608,1851,1876]" class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Megastigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="70E09A409006FFC3FE19F8CC1F10F89D" box="[452,608,1851,1876]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="49">Megastigmus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species associated to oak gall-wasps in Europe. However, their larvae differ from the larvae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="85943DD19006FFC3FE6AF8941F4CF8B5" box="[439,572,1891,1916]" class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Megastigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dorsalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="70E09A409006FFC3FE6AF8941F4CF8B5" box="[439,572,1891,1916]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="49">M. dorsalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="85943DD19006FFC3FD5EF8941F81F8B5" box="[643,753,1891,1916]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kollari">
|
||
<emphasis id="70E09A409006FFC3FD5EF8941F81F8B5" box="[643,753,1891,1916]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="49">A. kollari</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
described above in the following ways: the frontal pit was more rounded; the groove connecting it with vertex was slightly wider (
|
||
<figureCitation id="DAAF5AD79006FFC3FC26F87D1933F86D" box="[1019,1091,1930,1956]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,255,1881,1905]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,1855]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,194,1857]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Anterior view of the head of the final-instar larvae of Megastigmus. A. M. dorsalis ex Andricus kollari (asexual). B. M. dorsalis ex Andricus grossulariae (sexual). C. M. dumicola ex Plagiotrochus kiefferianus (asexual). D. M. stigmatizans ex Andricus kollari (asexual). E. M. pistaciae ex seeds of Pistacia lentiscus F. M. aculeatus ex seeds of Rosa sp. Arrows point at antennal setae and anterior margin of clypeus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/181650/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="49">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
B); the antenna and antennal setae were situated higher on the frons, at the level of the frontal pit; antennal setae and latero-clypeal setae were much longer, being nearly as long as the separation of antennae and width of labrum, respectively.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="0A8E15D99001FFC4FF1BFF6019A2FE03" pageId="4" pageNumber="50" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="422B46529001FFC4FF1BFF6019A2FE03" blockId="4.[151,1436,151,458]" pageId="4" pageNumber="50">
|
||
<emphasis id="70E09A409001FFC4FF1BFF601C5EFF78" bold="true" box="[198,302,151,177]" pageId="4" pageNumber="50">Biology:</emphasis>
|
||
A detailed account of the biology of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="85943DD19001FFC4FD39FF6F1E97FF78" box="[740,999,152,177]" class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Megastigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dorsalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="70E09A409001FFC4FD39FF6F1E97FF78" box="[740,999,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="50">Megastigmus dorsalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was published by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="26053BA39001FFC4FB1DFF6F181AFF7B" author="Askew" box="[1216,1386,152,178]" pageId="4" pageNumber="59" refString="Askew, R. R. (1966) Observations on the British species of Megastigmus Dalman (Hym., Torymidae) which inhabit cynipid oak galls. The Entomologist, 124 - 128." type="book chapter" year="1966">Askew (1966)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; see also data from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="3A8306C29001FFC4FE95FF371CFBFF13" box="[328,395,192,218]" name="Spain" pageId="4" pageNumber="50">Spain</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="26053BA39001FFC4FE47FF371FFFFF13" author="Nieves-Aldrey" box="[410,655,192,218]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="60" pageId="4" pageNumber="59" refString="Nieves-Aldrey, J. L. (1984) Observaciones sobre los torimidos (Hym., Chalcidoidea, Torymidae) asociados con agallas de cinipidos (Hym., Cynipidae) sobre Quercus spp. en la zona centro-occidental de Espana. Boletin de la Asociacion espanola de Entomologia, 8, 121 - 134." type="journal article" year="1984">Nieves-Aldrey 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="26053BA39001FFC4FD41FF371E0FFF13" author="Pujade-Villar" box="[668,895,192,218]" pageId="4" pageNumber="60" refString="Pujade-Villar, J. (1993) Sobre els Megastigmus Dalman (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea, Torymidae) detectats a Catalunya a partir de la recol. leccio de cecidis de cynipids produits sobre Rosa i Quercus. Sessio d'Entomologia de la Institucio Catalana d'Historia Natural-Societat Catalana de Lepidopterologia, [1991], 7, 53 - 58." type="journal article" year="1993">Pujade-Villar 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The species is a polyphagous parasitoid that attacks cynipid galls induced by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="85943DD19001FFC4FDCAFF1F1FF1FEC8" box="[535,641,232,257]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="70E09A409001FFC4FDCAFF1F1FF1FEC8" box="[535,641,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="50">Andricus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="85943DD19001FFC4FD52FF1F1F90FEC8" box="[655,736,232,257]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Cynips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="70E09A409001FFC4FD52FF1F1F90FEC8" box="[655,736,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="50">Cynips</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="85943DD19001FFC4FD32FF1F1E02FEC8" box="[751,882,232,257]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Neuroterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="70E09A409001FFC4FD32FF1F1E02FEC8" box="[751,882,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="50">Neuroterus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="85943DD19001FFC4FC5CFF1F1E95FEC8" box="[897,997,232,257]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Biorhiza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="70E09A409001FFC4FC5CFF1F1E95FEC8" box="[897,997,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="50">Biorhiza</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="85943DD19001FFC4FBFBFF1F19D3FEC8" box="[1062,1187,232,257]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Callirhytis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="70E09A409001FFC4FBFBFF1F19D3FEC8" box="[1062,1187,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="50">Callirhytis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="85943DD19001FFC4FB0BFF1F1848FEC8" box="[1238,1336,232,257]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="70E09A409001FFC4FB0BFF1F1848FEC8" box="[1238,1336,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="50">Quercus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="85943DD19001FFC4FF4AFEE71CEAFEE0" box="[151,410,272,297]" class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Megastigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dorsalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="70E09A409001FFC4FF4AFEE71CEAFEE0" box="[151,410,272,297]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="50">Megastigmus dorsalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have at least two generations in a year.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="26053BA39001FFC4FCA8FEE7196CFEE3" author="Askew" box="[885,1052,272,298]" pageId="4" pageNumber="59" refString="Askew, R. R. (1966) Observations on the British species of Megastigmus Dalman (Hym., Torymidae) which inhabit cynipid oak galls. The Entomologist, 124 - 128." type="book chapter" year="1966">Askew (1966)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
stated that in galls of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="85943DD19001FFC4FAF8FEE718E5FEE0" box="[1317,1429,272,297]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kollari">
|
||
<emphasis id="70E09A409001FFC4FAF8FEE718E5FEE0" box="[1317,1429,272,297]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="50">A. kollari</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="85943DD19001FFC4FF4AFECF1C6EFE98" box="[151,286,312,337]" class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Megastigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dorsalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="70E09A409001FFC4FF4AFECF1C6EFE98" box="[151,286,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="50">M. dorsalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
larvae were found in cells of cynipids inquilines of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="85943DD19001FFC4FC4BFECF1970FE98" box="[918,1024,312,337]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="70E09A409001FFC4FC4BFECF1970FE98" box="[918,1024,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="50">Synergus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp. We have now confirmed this association. In galls of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="85943DD19001FFC4FE6CFE971F53FEB0" box="[433,547,352,377]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kollari">
|
||
<emphasis id="70E09A409001FFC4FE6CFE971F53FEB0" box="[433,547,352,377]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="50">A. kollari</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the larvae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="85943DD19001FFC4FD0AFE971E2FFEB0" box="[727,863,352,377]" class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Megastigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dorsalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="70E09A409001FFC4FD0AFE971E2FFEB0" box="[727,863,352,377]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="50">M. dorsalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were found in peripheral cells occupied by the inquiline
|
||
<taxonomicName id="85943DD19001FFC4FEDAFE7F1F03FE6B" authority="Olivier" authorityName="Olivier" box="[263,627,392,418]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="umbraculus">
|
||
<emphasis id="70E09A409001FFC4FEDAFE7F1F75FE68" box="[263,517,392,417]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="50">Synergus umbraculus</emphasis>
|
||
(Olivier)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="DAAF5AD79001FFC4FD58FE7F1FBDFE6B" box="[645,717,392,418]" captionStart="FIGURE 6. A" captionStartId="11.[151,255,1809,1833]" captionTargetBox="[249,1350,194,1797]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[249,1351,194,1798]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. A. Cross section of a gall of Andricus kollari showing a larva of M. dorsalis in a secondary cell of the inquiline Synergus umbraculus, and the central cell occupied by the larva of M. stigmatizans. B. Larva of M. dorsalis in a peripheral cell of a gall of A. kollari. C. Larva of M. dorsalis in a gall of Andricus grossulariae (sexual gen.). D. Crosssection of a gall of Plagiotrochus kiefferianus with larvae of M. dumicola E. Larva of M. stigmatizans. F. Detail of head of the larva of M. stigmatizans. G. Cross section of a gall of A. kollari showing the central cell with a larva of M. stigmatizans. H. A seed inside a hip of Rosa sp., attacked by a larva of M. aculeatus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/181653/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="50">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
B), whereas the central cell of the gall-inducer
|
||
<taxonomicName id="85943DD19001FFC4FB21FE7F1816FE68" box="[1276,1382,392,417]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="70E09A409001FFC4FB21FE7F1816FE68" box="[1276,1382,392,417]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="50">Andricus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was usually attacked by a larva of the closely allied species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="85943DD19001FFC4FCFDFE471927FE00" box="[800,1111,432,457]" class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Megastigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stigmatizans">
|
||
<emphasis id="70E09A409001FFC4FCFDFE471927FE00" box="[800,1111,432,457]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="50">Megastigmus stigmatizans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="DAAF5AD79001FFC4FBBBFE4719B4FE03" box="[1126,1220,432,458]" captionStart="FIGURE 6. A" captionStartId="11.[151,255,1809,1833]" captionTargetBox="[249,1350,194,1797]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[249,1351,194,1798]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. A. Cross section of a gall of Andricus kollari showing a larva of M. dorsalis in a secondary cell of the inquiline Synergus umbraculus, and the central cell occupied by the larva of M. stigmatizans. B. Larva of M. dorsalis in a peripheral cell of a gall of A. kollari. C. Larva of M. dorsalis in a gall of Andricus grossulariae (sexual gen.). D. Crosssection of a gall of Plagiotrochus kiefferianus with larvae of M. dumicola E. Larva of M. stigmatizans. F. Detail of head of the larva of M. stigmatizans. G. Cross section of a gall of A. kollari showing the central cell with a larva of M. stigmatizans. H. A seed inside a hip of Rosa sp., attacked by a larva of M. aculeatus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/181653/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="50">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="16EB16DA9001FFC4FF4AF90A1852F893" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/181648/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="50" targetBox="[151,1434,501,1774]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="422B46529001FFC4FF4AF90A1852F893" blockId="4.[151,1436,1789,1882]" pageId="4" pageNumber="50">
|
||
<emphasis id="70E09A409001FFC4FF4AF90A1C69F8DC" bold="true" box="[151,281,1789,1813]" pageId="4" pageNumber="50">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Ventral view of final-instar larvae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="85943DD19001FFC4FD76F90A1E49F8DD" box="[683,825,1789,1812]" class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Megastigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="70E09A409001FFC4FD76F90A1E49F8DD" box="[683,825,1789,1812]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="50">Megastigmus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="85943DD19001FFC4FCBAF90A1E91F8DD" box="[871,993,1789,1812]" class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Megastigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dorsalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="70E09A409001FFC4FCBAF90A1E91F8DD" box="[871,993,1789,1812]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="50">M. dorsalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ex
|
||
<taxonomicName id="85943DD19001FFC4FBDAF90A19C5F8DD" box="[1031,1205,1789,1812]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kollari">
|
||
<emphasis id="70E09A409001FFC4FBDAF90A19C5F8DD" box="[1031,1205,1789,1812]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="50">Andricus kollari</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(asexual). B.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="85943DD19001FFC4FA97F90A1DB8F8FE" class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Megastigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dorsalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="70E09A409001FFC4FA97F90A1DB8F8FE" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="50">M. dorsalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ex
|
||
<taxonomicName id="85943DD19001FFC4FF2DF8D71CAFF8FE" box="[240,479,1824,1847]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grossulariae">
|
||
<emphasis id="70E09A409001FFC4FF2DF8D71CAFF8FE" box="[240,479,1824,1847]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="50">Andricus grossulariae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(sexual). C.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="85943DD19001FFC4FDB6F8D71F82F8FE" box="[619,754,1824,1847]" class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Megastigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dumicola">
|
||
<emphasis id="70E09A409001FFC4FDB6F8D71F82F8FE" box="[619,754,1824,1847]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="50">M. dumicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ex
|
||
<taxonomicName id="85943DD19001FFC4FCC1F8D71947F8FE" box="[796,1079,1824,1847]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Plagiotrochus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kiefferianus">
|
||
<emphasis id="70E09A409001FFC4FCC1F8D71947F8FE" box="[796,1079,1824,1847]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="50">Plagiotrochus kiefferianus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(asexual). D.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="85943DD19001FFC4FB0CF8D7180BF8FE" box="[1233,1403,1824,1847]" class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Megastigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stigmatizans">
|
||
<emphasis id="70E09A409001FFC4FB0CF8D7180BF8FE" box="[1233,1403,1824,1847]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="50">M. stigmatizans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ex
|
||
<taxonomicName id="85943DD19001FFC4FF4AF8B41C35F893" box="[151,325,1859,1882]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kollari">
|
||
<emphasis id="70E09A409001FFC4FF4AF8B41C35F893" box="[151,325,1859,1882]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="50">Andricus kollari</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(asexual). E.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="85943DD19001FFC4FE05F8B41F2BF893" box="[472,603,1859,1882]" class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Megastigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pistaciae">
|
||
<emphasis id="70E09A409001FFC4FE05F8B41F2BF893" box="[472,603,1859,1882]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="50">M. pistaciae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ex seeds of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="85943DD19001FFC4FD3DF8B41EEBF893" box="[736,923,1859,1882]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Pistacia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="4" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lentiscus">
|
||
<emphasis id="70E09A409001FFC4FD3DF8B41EEBF893" box="[736,923,1859,1882]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="50">Pistacia lentiscus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
F.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="85943DD19001FFC4FC61F8B41935F893" box="[956,1093,1859,1882]" class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Megastigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aculeatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="70E09A409001FFC4FC61F8B41935F893" box="[956,1093,1859,1882]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="50">M. aculeatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ex seeds of
|
||
<emphasis id="70E09A409001FFC4FB14F8B4186CF893" box="[1225,1308,1859,1882]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="50">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="85943DD19001FFC4FB14F8B4198EF893" box="[1225,1278,1859,1882]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Rosa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="4" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Rosa</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="0A8E15D99001FFC5FF1BF87D1E2CF9D9" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="4" pageNumber="50" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="422B46529001FFC5FF1BF87D1CB2FF13" blockId="4.[151,1436,1930,2036]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1436,152,218]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="4" pageNumber="50">
|
||
<emphasis id="70E09A409001FFC4FF1BF87D1CCBF86D" bold="true" box="[198,443,1930,1956]" pageId="4" pageNumber="50">Material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
ex
|
||
<taxonomicName id="85943DD19001FFC4FE3AF87C1FA7F86D" box="[487,727,1931,1956]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hispanicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="70E09A409001FFC4FE3AF87C1FA7F86D" box="[487,727,1931,1956]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="50">Andricus hispanicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="70E09A409001FFC4FD34F87C1E1CF86D" box="[745,876,1931,1956]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="50">
|
||
=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="85943DD19001FFC4FD26F87C1E1CF86D" box="[763,876,1931,1956]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kollari">A. kollari</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
of authors), on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="85943DD19001FFC4FBF7F87C199DF86D" box="[1066,1261,1931,1956]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="faginea">
|
||
<emphasis id="70E09A409001FFC4FBF7F87C199DF86D" box="[1066,1261,1931,1956]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="50">Quercus faginea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="3A8306C29001FFC4FB20F87D1832F86D" box="[1277,1346,1930,1956]" name="Spain" pageId="4" pageNumber="50">Spain</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Cádiz: La Suara-Jeréz de la Frontera (
|
||
<date id="362A60929001FFC4FDDFF8451F15F805" box="[514,613,1970,1996]" pageId="4" pageNumber="50" value="2004-10-16">16/x/04</date>
|
||
(n=1); on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="85943DD19001FFC4FD0EF8441E1BF805" box="[723,875,1971,1996]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pyrenaica">
|
||
<emphasis id="70E09A409001FFC4FD0EF8441E1BF805" box="[723,875,1971,1996]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="50">Q. pyrenaica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="3A8306C29001FFC4FCA6F8451EB1F805" box="[891,961,1970,1996]" name="Spain" pageId="4" pageNumber="50">Spain</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Madrid: El Escorial (
|
||
<date id="362A60929001FFC4FB19F8451872F805" box="[1220,1282,1970,1996]" bridgedPair="/" pageId="4" pageNumber="50" value="2003-09">ix/03</date>
|
||
(n=2). Ex
|
||
<taxonomicName id="85943DD19001FFC4FA5EF8441C5AF83D" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grossulariae">
|
||
<emphasis id="70E09A409001FFC4FA5EF8441C5AF83D" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="50">A. grossulariae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(agamic generation), on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="85943DD19001FFC4FD8CF82C1F9AF83D" box="[593,746,2011,2036]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pyrenaica">
|
||
<emphasis id="70E09A409001FFC4FD8CF82C1F9AF83D" box="[593,746,2011,2036]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="50">Q. pyrenaica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="3A8306C29001FFC4FD24F82D1E4FF83D" box="[761,831,2010,2036]" name="Spain" pageId="4" pageNumber="50">Spain</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Madrid: El Escorial (
|
||
<date id="362A60929001FFC4FB9EF82D19DAF83D" box="[1091,1194,2010,2036]" pageId="4" pageNumber="50" value="2006-03-13">13/iii/06</date>
|
||
) (n=4). Ex
|
||
<taxonomicName id="85943DD19001FFC5FAEFF82C1C5AFF78" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="51" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grossulariae">
|
||
<emphasis id="70E09A409001FFC5FAEFF82C1C5AFF78" italics="true" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="4" pageNumber="50">Andricus grossulariae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(sexual generation), on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="85943DD19000FFC5FD95FF6F1F84FF78" box="[584,756,152,177]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="suber">
|
||
<emphasis id="70E09A409000FFC5FD95FF6F1F84FF78" box="[584,756,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="51">Quercus suber</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="3A8306C29000FFC5FCD9FF6F1E3AFF7B" box="[772,842,152,178]" name="Spain" pageId="5" pageNumber="51">Spain</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Cáceres, Adeanueva del Camino (
|
||
<date id="362A60929000FFC5FB3AFF6F1833FF7B" box="[1255,1347,152,178]" pageId="5" pageNumber="51" value="2006-05-23">23/v/06</date>
|
||
) (n=2). All materials JLN-A leg.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="16EB16DA9000FFC5FF4AFB1F1C3FFA85" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/181649/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="51" targetBox="[151,1434,274,1231]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="422B46529000FFC5FF4AFB1F1C3FFA85" blockId="5.[151,1437,1256,1356]" pageId="5" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<emphasis id="70E09A409000FFC5FF4AFB1F1C6BFAC9" bold="true" box="[151,283,1256,1280]" pageId="5" pageNumber="51">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Lateral view of final-instar larvae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="85943DD19000FFC5FD15FB1E1E26FAC9" box="[712,854,1257,1280]" class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Megastigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="70E09A409000FFC5FD15FB1E1E26FAC9" box="[712,854,1257,1280]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="51">Megastigmus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="85943DD19000FFC5FC57FB1E1976FAC9" box="[906,1030,1257,1280]" class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Megastigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dorsalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="70E09A409000FFC5FC57FB1E1976FAC9" box="[906,1030,1257,1280]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="51">M. dorsalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ex
|
||
<taxonomicName id="85943DD19000FFC5FBEFFB1E1992FAC9" box="[1074,1250,1257,1280]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kollari">
|
||
<emphasis id="70E09A409000FFC5FBEFFB1E1992FAC9" box="[1074,1250,1257,1280]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="51">Andricus kollari</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(asexual). B.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="85943DD19000FFC5FAA2FB1E1D8AFAEC" class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Megastigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dumicola">
|
||
<emphasis id="70E09A409000FFC5FAA2FB1E1D8AFAEC" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="51">M. dumicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ex
|
||
<taxonomicName id="85943DD19000FFC5FEFEFAF91F4EFAEC" box="[291,574,1294,1317]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Plagiotrochus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kiefferianus">
|
||
<emphasis id="70E09A409000FFC5FEFEFAF91F4EFAEC" box="[291,574,1294,1317]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="51">Plagiotrochus kiefferianus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(asexual). C.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="85943DD19000FFC5FD0BFAF91E0FFAEC" box="[726,895,1294,1317]" class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Megastigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stigmatizans">
|
||
<emphasis id="70E09A409000FFC5FD0BFAF91E0FFAEC" box="[726,895,1294,1317]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="51">M. stigmatizans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ex
|
||
<taxonomicName id="85943DD19000FFC5FC75FAF91927FAEC" box="[936,1111,1294,1317]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kollari">
|
||
<emphasis id="70E09A409000FFC5FC75FAF91927FAEC" box="[936,1111,1294,1317]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="51">Andricus kollari</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(asexual). D.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="85943DD19000FFC5FB2DFAF9180CFAEC" box="[1264,1404,1294,1317]" class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Megastigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aculeatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="70E09A409000FFC5FB2DFAF9180CFAEC" box="[1264,1404,1294,1317]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="51">M. aculeatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ex seeds of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="85943DD19000FFC5FF29FAC21C59FA85" box="[244,297,1333,1356]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Rosa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="5" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="70E09A409000FFC5FF29FAC21C59FA85" box="[244,297,1333,1356]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="51">Rosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="422B46529000FFC5FF4AFA5C1F2DFA0C" blockId="5.[151,605,1450,1477]" box="[151,605,1450,1477]" pageId="5" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="85943DD19000FFC5FF4AFA5C1C9AFA0C" authority="Bou" authorityName="Bou" box="[151,490,1451,1477]" class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Megastigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dumicola">
|
||
<emphasis id="70E09A409000FFC5FF4AFA5C1C9AFA0C" bold="true" box="[151,490,1451,1477]" pageId="5" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<emphasis id="70E09A409000FFC5FF4AFA5C1CDFFA0C" bold="true" box="[151,431,1451,1477]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="51">Megastigmus dumicola</emphasis>
|
||
Bou
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
č
|
||
<emphasis id="70E09A409000FFC5FE2BFA5C1F2DFA0C" bold="true" box="[502,605,1451,1477]" pageId="5" pageNumber="51">ek, 1982</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="422B46529000FFC5FF4AFA011E2CF9D9" blockId="5.[151,1436,1526,2032]" box="[151,860,1526,1552]" pageId="5" pageNumber="51">
|
||
The larva of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="85943DD19000FFC5FEF0FA011CB1F9C6" box="[301,449,1526,1551]" class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Megastigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dumicola">
|
||
<emphasis id="70E09A409000FFC5FEF0FA011CB1F9C6" box="[301,449,1526,1551]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="51">M. dumicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is described here for the first time.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="0A8E15D99000FFC6FF18F9EA1C0BFF13" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="5" pageNumber="51" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="422B46529000FFC5FF18F9EA1CCDF941" blockId="5.[151,1436,1526,2032]" pageId="5" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<emphasis id="70E09A409000FFC5FF18F9EA1C0CF9FE" bold="true" box="[197,380,1565,1591]" pageId="5" pageNumber="51">Measurements</emphasis>
|
||
: ex
|
||
<emphasis id="70E09A409000FFC5FE6DF9E91F07F9FE" box="[432,631,1566,1591]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="85943DD19000FFC5FE6DF9E91F25F9FE" box="[432,597,1566,1591]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Plagiotrochus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Plagiotrochus</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. (n=1; measured specimen without mean information), body length:
|
||
<quantity id="856CEBB79000FFC5FF4AF9B11D88F9A9" box="[151,248,1606,1632]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="5" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="2.2">2.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
; maximum width:
|
||
<quantity id="856CEBB79000FFC5FE3EF9B11F34F9A9" box="[483,580,1606,1632]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="0.7">0.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
; ex
|
||
<taxonomicName id="85943DD19000FFC5FDA1F9B11E58F996" box="[636,808,1606,1631]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Plagiotrochus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kiefferianus">
|
||
<emphasis id="70E09A409000FFC5FDA1F9B11E58F996" box="[636,808,1606,1631]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="51">P. kiefferianus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(n=29), body length: 2.2–2.5 (2.3) mm; maximum width: 1.2–1.3 (1.3) mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="422B46529000FFC5FF18F9611DBDF8C9" blockId="5.[151,1436,1526,2032]" pageId="5" pageNumber="51">
|
||
Larvae of these species are similar to the larva of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="85943DD19000FFC5FCD1F9611EE3F966" box="[780,915,1686,1711]" class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Megastigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dorsalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="70E09A409000FFC5FCD1F9611EE3F966" box="[780,915,1686,1711]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="51">M. dorsalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in general appearance (
|
||
<figureCitation id="DAAF5AD79000FFC5FB74F961199AF979" box="[1193,1258,1686,1712]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,255,1789,1813]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,501,1774]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,501,1775]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Ventral view of final-instar larvae of Megastigmus. A. M. dorsalis ex Andricus kollari (asexual). B. M. dorsalis ex Andricus grossulariae (sexual). C. M. dumicola ex Plagiotrochus kiefferianus (asexual). D. M. stigmatizans ex Andricus kollari (asexual). E. M. pistaciae ex seeds of Pistacia lentiscus F. M. aculeatus ex seeds of Rosa sp." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/181648/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="51">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
C) and in most morphological characters. The following diagnostic characters can readily separate the larvae of the two species:
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="422B46529000FFC6FF18F8F91C0BFF13" blockId="5.[151,1436,1526,2032]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1437,152,658]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="5" pageNumber="51">
|
||
The blister-like sculpture on the genae is almost absent. The truncate and incised upper margin of vertex forms an obtuse angle with the median groove, while the median groove is relatively long and narrow (narrower than the frontal pit). The frontal pit is shield-shaped (
|
||
<figureCitation id="DAAF5AD79000FFC5FC8FF8A91EE6F8B1" box="[850,918,1886,1912]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,255,1881,1905]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,1855]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,194,1857]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Anterior view of the head of the final-instar larvae of Megastigmus. A. M. dorsalis ex Andricus kollari (asexual). B. M. dorsalis ex Andricus grossulariae (sexual). C. M. dumicola ex Plagiotrochus kiefferianus (asexual). D. M. stigmatizans ex Andricus kollari (asexual). E. M. pistaciae ex seeds of Pistacia lentiscus F. M. aculeatus ex seeds of Rosa sp. Arrows point at antennal setae and anterior margin of clypeus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/181650/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="51">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
C), and the antero-medial setae of the vertex are shorter (shorter than larger diameter of frontal pit) and are situated lower. The insertion of antennae and antennal setae is clearly below the ventral margin of the frontal pit. The antennal setae are long, almost as long as the separation of antennae, as are the latero-clypeal setae (0.7 times as long as the width of the labrum). The anterior margin of the clypeus is distinct and well marked (
|
||
<figureCitation id="DAAF5AD79003FFC6FC21FF6F1933FF7B" box="[1020,1091,152,178]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,255,1875,1899]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,1849]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,194,1851]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Anterior view of mouthparts of final-instar larvae of Megastigmus. A. M. dorsalis ex Andricus kollari (asexual). B. M. dorsalis ex Andricus grossulariae (sexual). C. M. dumicola ex Plagiotrochus kiefferianus (asexual). D. M. stigmatizans ex Andricus kollari (asexual). E. M. pistaciae ex seeds of Pistacia lentiscus F. M. aculeatus ex seeds of Rosa sp." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/181651/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
C); both mandibles have four teeth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="DAAF5AD79003FFC6FF3DFF371C54FF13" box="[224,292,192,218]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,255,1804,1828]" captionTargetBox="[167,1418,194,1780]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[167,1420,194,1781]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Mandibles of the final-instar larvae of Megastigmus. A. M. dorsalis, left mandible anterior view. B. M. dorsalis left mandible, posterior view. C. M. pistaciae, right mandible, posterior view D. M. dumicola, left mandible, anterior view E. M. dumicola, right mandible, anterior view. F. M. aculeatus, right mandible, posterior view G. M. stigmatizans, left mandible, anterior view. H. M. stigmatizans, right mandible, anterior view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/181652/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
D, 5E).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="0A8E15D99003FFC6FF18FF101849FEB3" pageId="6" pageNumber="52" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="422B46529003FFC6FF18FF101849FEB3" blockId="6.[151,1437,152,658]" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<emphasis id="70E09A409003FFC6FF18FF101C47FEC8" bold="true" box="[197,311,231,257]" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="85943DD19003FFC6FE97FF1F1C90FEC8" box="[330,480,232,257]" class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Megastigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dumicola">
|
||
<emphasis id="70E09A409003FFC6FE97FF1F1C90FEC8" box="[330,480,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">M. dumicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is an uncommon species distributed only in the Western Mediterranean. It was described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="26053BA39003FFC6FEEBFEF81C96FEE3" author="Boucek" box="[310,486,271,298]" pageId="6" pageNumber="59" refString="Boucek, Z. (1982) Four new hymenopteran Torymidae. Entomologist´s Gazette, 33, 183 - 191." type="journal article" year="1982">Bouček (1982)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
from insects collected in “maquis” vegetation in Southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="3A8306C29003FFC6FB74FEE7198DFEE3" box="[1193,1277,272,298]" name="France" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">France</collectingCountry>
|
||
. The adult of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="85943DD19003FFC6FF4AFECF1C5BFE98" box="[151,299,312,337]" class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Megastigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dumicola">
|
||
<emphasis id="70E09A409003FFC6FF4AFECF1C5BFE98" box="[151,299,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">M. dumicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be easily distinguished from the other entomophagous
|
||
<taxonomicName id="85943DD19003FFC6FC3AFECF19F3FE98" box="[999,1155,312,337]" class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Megastigmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="70E09A409003FFC6FC3AFECF19F3FE98" box="[999,1155,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">Megastigmus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species by its distinctly petiolate metasoma and its reddish brown coloration (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="26053BA39003FFC6FCD6FEA81EDBFEB3" author="Boucek" box="[779,939,351,378]" pageId="6" pageNumber="59" refString="Boucek, Z. (1982) Four new hymenopteran Torymidae. Entomologist´s Gazette, 33, 183 - 191." type="journal article" year="1982">Bouček 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="26053BA39003FFC6FC6AFE97185DFEB3" author="Roques" box="[951,1325,352,378]" pageId="6" pageNumber="60" refString="Roques, A. & Skrzypczynska, M. (2003) Seed-infesting chalcids of the genus Megastigmus Dalman, 1820 (Hymenoptera: Torymidae) native and introduced to the West Palearctic region: taxonomy, host specificity and distribution. Journal of Natural History, 37, 127 - 238." type="journal article" year="2003">Roques & Skrzypczynska 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="0A8E15D99003FFC6FF18FE701C10FDD0" pageId="6" pageNumber="52" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="422B46529003FFC6FF18FE701C10FDD0" blockId="6.[151,1437,152,658]" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<emphasis id="70E09A409003FFC6FF18FE701C53FE68" bold="true" box="[197,291,391,417]" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">Biology</emphasis>
|
||
: The biology of this species was unknown when it was described. Later biological data were cited by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="26053BA39003FFC6FF66FE471F36FE03" author="Askew" box="[187,582,432,458]" pageId="6" pageNumber="59" refString="Askew, R. R. & Nieves-Aldrey, J. L. (1988) Some Monodontomerinae and Megastigminae (Torymidae) associated with Cynipidae in Spain (Hymenoptera). Entomological Scandinavica, 18, 355 - 359." type="journal article" year="1988">Askew and Nieves-Aldrey (1988)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
from materials reared from galls in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="3A8306C29003FFC6FC34FE471940FE03" box="[1001,1072,432,458]" name="Spain" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">Spain</collectingCountry>
|
||
. The species is a monophagous parasitoid, associated only with woody galls of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="85943DD19003FFC6FD17FE2F1E1FFE38" box="[714,879,472,497]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Plagiotrochus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="70E09A409003FFC6FD17FE2F1E1FFE38" box="[714,879,472,497]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">Plagiotrochus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp. on
|
||
<emphasis id="70E09A409003FFC6FC08FE2F19C3FE38" box="[981,1203,472,497]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="85943DD19003FFC6FC08FE2F19DFFE38" box="[981,1199,472,497]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="6" pageNumber="52" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="coccifera">Quercus coccifera</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and more rarely on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="85943DD19003FFC6FF4AFDF71D95FDD0" box="[151,229,512,537]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="6" pageNumber="52" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ilex">
|
||
<emphasis id="70E09A409003FFC6FF4AFDF71D95FDD0" box="[151,229,512,537]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">Q. ilex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="DAAF5AD79003FFC6FF28FDF71C4AFDD3" box="[245,314,512,538]" captionStart="FIGURE 6. A" captionStartId="11.[151,255,1809,1833]" captionTargetBox="[249,1350,194,1797]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[249,1351,194,1798]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. A. Cross section of a gall of Andricus kollari showing a larva of M. dorsalis in a secondary cell of the inquiline Synergus umbraculus, and the central cell occupied by the larva of M. stigmatizans. B. Larva of M. dorsalis in a peripheral cell of a gall of A. kollari. C. Larva of M. dorsalis in a gall of Andricus grossulariae (sexual gen.). D. Crosssection of a gall of Plagiotrochus kiefferianus with larvae of M. dumicola E. Larva of M. stigmatizans. F. Detail of head of the larva of M. stigmatizans. G. Cross section of a gall of A. kollari showing the central cell with a larva of M. stigmatizans. H. A seed inside a hip of Rosa sp., attacked by a larva of M. aculeatus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/181653/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
D).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="0A8E15D99003FFC6FF18FDD01C6FFD5B" pageId="6" pageNumber="52" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="422B46529003FFC6FF18FDD01C6FFD5B" blockId="6.[151,1437,152,658]" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<emphasis id="70E09A409003FFC6FF18FDD01CCBFD88" bold="true" box="[197,443,551,577]" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">Material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
ex
|
||
<taxonomicName id="85943DD19003FFC6FE35FDDF1FFDFD88" box="[488,653,552,577]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Plagiotrochus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="70E09A409003FFC6FE35FDDF1FFDFD88" box="[488,653,552,577]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">Plagiotrochus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="85943DD19003FFC6FD3BFDDF1E0BFD88" box="[742,891,552,577]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="6" pageNumber="52" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ilex">
|
||
<emphasis id="70E09A409003FFC6FD3BFDDF1E0BFD88" box="[742,891,552,577]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">Quercus ilex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="3A8306C29003FFC6FC51FDDF1EA1FD8B" box="[908,977,552,578]" name="Spain" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">Spain</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Madrid: Monte el Robledal (
|
||
<date id="362A60929003FFC6FAE9FDDF18E3FD8B" box="[1332,1427,552,578]" pageId="6" pageNumber="52" value="2002-10-20">20-x-02</date>
|
||
) (n=1); Ex
|
||
<emphasis id="70E09A409003FFC6FEC8FDA71CB7FDA0" box="[277,455,592,617]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="85943DD19003FFC6FEC8FDA71CB2FDA0" box="[277,450,592,617]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Plagiotrochus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kiefferianus">P. kiefferianus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="85943DD19003FFC6FE24FDA71FA3FDA0" box="[505,723,592,617]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="6" pageNumber="52" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="coccifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="70E09A409003FFC6FE24FDA71FA3FDA0" box="[505,723,592,617]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">Quercus coccifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="3A8306C29003FFC6FD38FDA71E5BFDA3" box="[741,811,592,618]" name="Spain" pageId="6" pageNumber="52">Spain</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Madrid: Puente de San Antonio (21-
|
||
<date id="362A60929003FFC6FB2CFDA71841FDA3" box="[1265,1329,592,618]" bridgedPair="/" pageId="6" pageNumber="52" value="2005-04">iv/05</date>
|
||
) (n=29). J.LN-E leg.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |