180 lines
18 KiB
XML
180 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.436.5766" ID-GBIF-Dataset="98a29d0e-9fe9-4c50-987f-af6ca70f9f5d" ID-PMC="PMC4155720" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-436-1" ID-PubMed="25197208" ID-ZBK="4AE52FD68CF948DCAA79C15AD75FF7F1" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2014" ModsDocID="1313-2970-436-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 436" ModsDocTitle="The genus Cephaloleia Chevrolat, 1836 (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Cassidinae)" checkinTime="1451245477730" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Staines, Charles L. & Garcia-Robledo, Carlos" docDate="2014" docId="FEAAD25E9763655B094A504BF8901619" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 436: 1-355" docOrigin="ZooKeys 436" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.436.5766" docTitle="Cephaloleia vagelineata Pic 1926" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="276" masterDocId="7D4DA3657862FFF0756068432F5DFC36" masterDocTitle="The genus Cephaloleia Chevrolat, 1836 (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Cassidinae)" masterLastPageNumber="355" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="275" updateTime="1668159183273" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>The genus Cephaloleia Chevrolat, 1836 (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Cassidinae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Staines, Charles L.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Garcia-Robledo, Carlos</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2014</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>436</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>355</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.436.5766</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.436.5766</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-436-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">4AE52FD68CF948DCAA79C15AD75FF7F1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">4AE52FD68CF948DCAA79C15AD75FF7F1</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152055155" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FEAAD25E9763655B094A504BF8901619" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/FEAAD25E9763655B094A504BF8901619" lastPageId="275" lastPageNumber="276" pageId="274" pageNumber="275">
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<subSubSection pageId="274" pageNumber="275" type="multiple">
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<paragraph pageId="274" pageNumber="275">Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Chrysomelidae</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="274" pageNumber="275" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="274" pageNumber="275">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Cephaloleia_vagelineata" authority="Pic, 1926 c" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Cephaloleia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cephaloleia vagelineata" order="Coleoptera" pageId="274" pageNumber="275" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vagelineata">Cephaloleia vagelineata Pic, 1926c</taxonomicName>
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Fig. 264
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="274" pageNumber="275" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="274" pageNumber="275">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Cephalolia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cephalolia vagelineata" order="Coleoptera" pageId="274" pageNumber="275" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vagelineata">Cephalolia vagelineata</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation author="Pic, M" journalOrPublisher="Melanges Exotico-Entomologiques" pageId="291" pageNumber="292" pagination="1 - 32" title="Nouveautes diverses." volume="46" year="1926 c">Pic 1926c</bibRefCitation>
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: 10.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="274" pageNumber="275">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Cephaloleia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cephaloleia vagelineata" order="Coleoptera" pageId="274" pageNumber="275" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vagelineata">Cephaloleia vagelineata</taxonomicName>
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Pic.
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<bibRefCitation author="Uhmann, E" journalOrPublisher="Beitraege zur Entomologie" pageId="296" pageNumber="297" pagination="35 - 42" title="Sechs neue Hispinen aus Suedamerika (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). 181. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Hispinae." volume="7" year="1957 b">Uhmann 1957b</bibRefCitation>
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: 27 (catalog),
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<bibRefCitation author="Uhmann, E" journalOrPublisher="W. Junk, Gravenhage" pageId="296" pageNumber="297" pagination="399 - 490" title="Coleopterorum Catalogus. Supplementa. Chrysomelidae: Hispinae, Corrigenda et Addenda" year="1964 a">1964a</bibRefCitation>
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: 404 (catalog);
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<bibRefCitation author="Descarpentries, A" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle Paris" pageId="286" pageNumber="287" pagination="137 - 154" title="Les types de la collection M. Pic. 1. Chrysomelinae et Hispinae du Nouveau-Monde." volume="31" year="1959">Descarpentries and Villiers 1959</bibRefCitation>
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a: 139 (types);
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<bibRefCitation author="Genty, P" journalOrPublisher="Oleagineux" pageId="287" pageNumber="288" pagination="325 - 415" title="Avageurs du palmira a huile en Amerique Latine." volume="33" year="1978">Genty et al. 1978</bibRefCitation>
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: 332 (biology);
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<bibRefCitation author="Angel, RV" journalOrPublisher="Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Seccional Medellin" pageId="284" pageNumber="285" title="Catalogo del Museo de Entomologia " Francisco Luis Gallego "." year="1989">Angel 1989</bibRefCitation>
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: 81 (museum list);
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<bibRefCitation author="Couturier, G" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de l'Institut Francais d'Etudes Andines" pageId="286" pageNumber="287" pagination="715 - 725" title="Notes on the insect fauna on two species of Astrocaryum (Palmae, Cocoeae, Bactridinae) in Peruvian Amazonia, with emphasis on potential pests of cultivated palms." volume="21" year="1992">Couturier and Kahn 1992</bibRefCitation>
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: 720 (host plants);
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<bibRefCitation author="Mariau, D" journalOrPublisher="Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France (n. s.)" pageId="289" pageNumber="290" pagination="230 - 237" title="Les Coleopteres Chrysomelidae infeodes au palmier a huile et au cocotier et leurs parasitoides." volume="35" year="1999">Mariau 1999</bibRefCitation>
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: 233 (noted),
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<bibRefCitation author="Mariau, D" journalOrPublisher="Montpellier, France" pageId="289" pageNumber="290" title="The fauna of oil palm and coconut. Insect and mite pests and their natural enemies. Cirad." year="2001">2001</bibRefCitation>
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: 132 (noted);
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<bibRefCitation author="Howard, FW" editor="Howard, FW" journalOrPublisher="CABI Publishing, Wallingford" pageId="288" pageNumber="289" pagination="81 - 104" title="Coleoptera." url="10.1079/9780851993263.0000" volumeTitle="Insects on palms" year="2001">Howard and Abad 2001</bibRefCitation>
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: 100 (host plants).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="274" pageNumber="275">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Cephaloleia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cephaloleia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="274" pageNumber="275" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cephaloleia</taxonomicName>
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near vagelineata Pic.
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<bibRefCitation author="Sandino, EU" journalOrPublisher="Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomia Medellin" pageId="292" pageNumber="293" pagination="75 - 77" title="Cephaloleia sp. cerca a vagelineata Pic, una plaga de la palma Africana." volume="27" year="1972">Sandino 1972</bibRefCitation>
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: 77 (biology);
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<bibRefCitation author="Sandino, EU" journalOrPublisher="Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomia Medellin" pageId="292" pageNumber="293" pagination="75 - 77" title="Cephaloleia sp. cerca a vagelineata Pic, una plaga de la palma Africana." volume="27" year="1972">Sandino 1972</bibRefCitation>
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: 75 (biology),
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<bibRefCitation author="Sandino, EU" journalOrPublisher="Revista de la Facultad Nactional de Agronomia Medellin" pageId="292" pageNumber="293" pagination="21 - 30" title="Evaluacion de vaios insecticidas para el control del Cephaloleia sp. cerca a vagelineata Pic, plage de la palma africana." volume="29" year="1974">1974</bibRefCitation>
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: 21 (control),
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<bibRefCitation author="Sandino, EU" journalOrPublisher="Revista Colombiana de Entomologia" pageId="292" pageNumber="293" pagination="15 - 31" title="Insectos asociados con el cultivo de palma africana en uraba (Antioquia) y estudio de su relacion con la pudricion de la flecha- pudricion del cogollo." volume="1" year="1975">1975</bibRefCitation>
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: 20 (biology).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="275" lastPageNumber="276" pageId="274" pageNumber="275" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="274" pageNumber="275">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="275" lastPageNumber="276" pageId="274" pageNumber="275">
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Small; narrow; elongate; depressed; shining; black; pronotum margined in red; elytra with broad Y-shaped yellow vitta on disc and lateral margins red. Head: vertex densely punctate, medial sulcus present; frons not projecting; depressed between eyes. Antenna: reaches to humerus; slender; antennomeres 1-2 thicker than others; 1 elongate, cylindrical; 2 transverse, shortest; 3-5 elongate, cylindrical; 3 2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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length of 2; 4 slightly shorter than 3; 5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="¾">3/4</normalizedToken>
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length of 4; 6-10 transverse, decreasing in length; 11 2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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length of 10, acutely pointed at apex; 1-2 punctate with scattered setae; 3-11 setose. Pronotum: transverse; lateral margin straight and divergent for basal
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<normalizedToken originalValue="¾">3/4</normalizedToken>
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then rounding to anterior angle, margined, serrulate; anterior angle angulate, not produced; posterior angle acute; anterior margin straight; disc subconvex; surface densely coarsely punctate laterally, finely punctate medially; basal impression absent; pronotal length 0.9-1.0 mm; pronotal width 1.2-1.3 mm. Scutellum: pentagonal; punctate. Elytron: lateral margin straight, smooth, narrowly margined; apex strongly truncate; sutural angle without tooth; humerus rounded, not produced; constricted behind humerus; strongly punctate-striate, rows converge and unite apically; interspace 5 slightly cari
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<pageBreakToken pageId="275" pageNumber="276" start="start">nate</pageBreakToken>
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behind humerus, flattening posteriorly; elytral length 3.5-3.6 mm; elytral width 1.3-1.4 mm. Venter: pro-, meso-, and metasterna punctate; abdominal sterna sparsely punctate, each puncture with pale seta; suture between sterna 1 and 2 complete; last sternite with apical margin broadly concave in male. Leg: slender; punctate; tibia with fringe of setae on inner margin of apex. Total length: 4.9-5.0 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="275" pageNumber="276" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="275" pageNumber="276">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="275" pageNumber="276">
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This species is similar to
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Cephaloleia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cephaloleia formosus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="275" pageNumber="276" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="formosus">Cephaloleia formosus</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Cephaloleia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cephaloleia gracilis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="275" pageNumber="276" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gracilis">Cephaloleia gracilis</taxonomicName>
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. It can be distinguished by the serrulate lateral margins of the pronotum, by the angulate anterior angles of the pronotum, and by the suture between abdominal sterna 1 and 2 being complete.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="275" pageNumber="276" type="host plant">
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<paragraph pageId="275" pageNumber="276">Host plant.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="275" pageNumber="276">
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<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Elaeis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Elaeis guineensis" order="Arecales" pageId="275" pageNumber="276" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="guineensis">Elaeis guineensis</taxonomicName>
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Jacq.,
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<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Corozo" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Corozo oleifera" order="Arecales" pageId="275" pageNumber="276" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oleifera">Corozo oleifera</taxonomicName>
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(H.B.K.) Bailey,
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<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Cocos" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cocos nucifera" order="Arecales" pageId="275" pageNumber="276" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nucifera">Cocos nucifera</taxonomicName>
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L. (
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<bibRefCitation author="Sandino, EU" journalOrPublisher="Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomia Medellin" pageId="292" pageNumber="293" pagination="75 - 77" title="Cephaloleia sp. cerca a vagelineata Pic, una plaga de la palma Africana." volume="27" year="1972">Sandino 1972</bibRefCitation>
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);
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<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Astrocaryum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Astrocaryum chonta" order="Arecales" pageId="275" pageNumber="276" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chonta">Astrocaryum chonta</taxonomicName>
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Matrius (
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<bibRefCitation author="Couturier, G" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de l'Institut Francais d'Etudes Andines" pageId="286" pageNumber="287" pagination="715 - 725" title="Notes on the insect fauna on two species of Astrocaryum (Palmae, Cocoeae, Bactridinae) in Peruvian Amazonia, with emphasis on potential pests of cultivated palms." volume="21" year="1992">Couturier and Kahn 1992</bibRefCitation>
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) (
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<taxonomicName genus="Arecaceae" lsidName="Arecaceae" pageId="275" pageNumber="276" rank="genus">Arecaceae</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="275" pageNumber="276" type="biology">
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<paragraph pageId="275" pageNumber="276">Biology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="275" pageNumber="276">
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The recently hatched larva feeds on the interior surface of the basal part of the young rachis of the palm. This damage has the appearance of superficial scrapings in the form of longitudinally lengthened maculae. These maculae are initially light (or clear) in color and darken with time. The adult beetles seek out the youngest leaves of the host palm, rasping the surface of the leaflets. This class of damage, which commonly is in the form of longitudinal bands or lines, can cause a yellowing and drying of the foliage, which can be afterwards be invaded by fungi (
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<bibRefCitation author="Sandino, EU" journalOrPublisher="Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomia Medellin" pageId="292" pageNumber="293" pagination="75 - 77" title="Cephaloleia sp. cerca a vagelineata Pic, una plaga de la palma Africana." volume="27" year="1972">Sandino 1972</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="275" pageNumber="276">
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The eggs are deposited individually in the internal surface of the base of the young rachis of the host palm. The larva prefers this humid medium that is protected from the direct action of the sun. Pupae are found in the internal basal part of the rachises. The adults are found in the youngest leaves of the palm and which are beginning to open. There they stay hidden among the leaflets. It is very rare to encounter the insect in old leaves or those that have already opened completely; possibly this is owing to their preference for humidity and protection from the effects of the sun, which are present on the leaves which they barely are beginning to separate their leaflet. The mechanical damage caused by the adults of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Cephaloleia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cephaloleia vagelineata" order="Coleoptera" pageId="275" pageNumber="276" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vagelineata">Cephaloleia vagelineata</taxonomicName>
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although apparently insignificant, is important when the insects are present in abundance, in those cases, the affected areas can coalesce resulting in the withering of much of the foliage (
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<bibRefCitation author="Sandino, EU" journalOrPublisher="Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomia Medellin" pageId="292" pageNumber="293" pagination="75 - 77" title="Cephaloleia sp. cerca a vagelineata Pic, una plaga de la palma Africana." volume="27" year="1972">Sandino 1972</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="275" pageNumber="276">
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The eggs are yellow, flattened, ellipsoid and about 2 mm long. The larvae are whitish, flattened, and ellipsoid, with the last instar nearly 6 mm long. The pupa is similar in form and size to the larva and is distinguished by being thicker and having a cream color, which changes to black, in its central part, as it matures (
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<bibRefCitation author="Sandino, EU" journalOrPublisher="Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomia Medellin" pageId="292" pageNumber="293" pagination="75 - 77" title="Cephaloleia sp. cerca a vagelineata Pic, una plaga de la palma Africana." volume="27" year="1972">Sandino 1972</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="275" pageNumber="276" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="275" pageNumber="276">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="275" pageNumber="276">
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Brazil (
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Goiás">Goias</normalizedToken>
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, Matto Grosso), Colombia.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="275" pageNumber="276" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="275" pageNumber="276">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="275" pageNumber="276">Type: Brazil, Goyaz, Jatahy (MNHN, not seen).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="275" pageNumber="276" type="specimens examined">
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<paragraph pageId="275" pageNumber="276">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="275" pageNumber="276">
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Brazil:
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Goiás-">Goias-</normalizedToken>
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Jatahy (MNHN). Matto Grosso- no further data (USNM). Total: 2.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |