351 lines
34 KiB
XML
351 lines
34 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3791261" ID-GBIF-Dataset="baad33c2-93c5-43c7-87e5-96b87bae3df9" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163794739" ID-ISSN="1313–2970" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3791261" ID-ZooBank="350B3C02-2D7E-4265-8325-C3DC79BCCA1E" approvalRequired="20" approvalRequired_for_textStreams="20" checkinTime="1588013479207" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Buffington, Matthew & van Noort, Simon" docDate="2009" docId="7A6987BC112EFF93FF49FEC3FBA7FE28" docLanguage="en" docName="ZK_article_2050.pdf" docOrigin="ZooKeys 20 (20)" docStyle="DocumentStylede.uka.ipd.idaho.easyIO.settings.Settings@152225dd" docStyleName="zookeys.2008.journal_article" docTitle="Anacharoides Cameron 1904" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="254" masterDocId="8650FFC4112DFF9AFFC5FF95FFE4FFF3" masterDocTitle="A revision of Anacharoides Cameron, 1904 (Hymenoptera, Figitidae) with a description of a new species" masterLastPageNumber="274" masterPageNumber="245" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" updateTime="1643566695391" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-3.0">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A revision of Anacharoides Cameron, 1904 (Hymenoptera, Figitidae) with a description of a new species</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Buffington, Matthew</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Systematic Entomology Laboratory, USDA / ARS ,, United States of America</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>van Noort, Simon</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Iziko South African Museum, Cape Town, South Africa</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2009</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2009-09-14</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>20</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>20</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>245</mods:start>
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<mods:end>274</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.3897/zookeys.20.124</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">baad33c2-93c5-43c7-87e5-96b87bae3df9</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1313–2970</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">576516</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">350B3C02-2D7E-4265-8325-C3DC79BCCA1E</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3791261" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163794739" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3791261" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7A6987BC112EFF93FF49FEC3FBA7FE28" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7A6987BC112EFF93FF49FEC3FBA7FE28" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="254" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">
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<subSubSection box="[140,418,342,369]" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="3.[140,418,342,369]" box="[140,418,342,369]" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">
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<heading box="[140,418,342,369]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" reason="3">
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<taxonomicName authority="Cameron" authorityName="Cameron" authorityYear="1904" box="[140,418,342,369]" class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" genus="Anacharoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,418,342,369]" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,300,342,369]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">Anacharoides</emphasis>
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Cameron
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="248" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="3.[140,1108,413,545]" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">
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<taxonomicName authority="Cameron, 1904" authorityName="Cameron" authorityYear="1904" box="[140,466,413,439]" class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" genus="Anacharoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[140,283,413,439]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">Anacharoides</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Cameron P" box="[289,466,413,439]" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" pagination="125 - 160" refId="ref12969" refString="Cameron P (1904) Descriptions of new genera and species of Hymenoptera from Dunbrody, Cape Colony. Records of the Albany Museum 1: 125 - 160." type="journal article" year="1904">Cameron, 1904</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<typeStatus box="[470,531,413,439]" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">Type</typeStatus>
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species:
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<taxonomicName authority="Cameron, 1904" authorityName="Cameron" authorityYear="1904" box="[627,1069,413,439]" class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" genus="Anacharoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="striaticeps">
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<emphasis box="[627,882,413,439]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">Anacharoides striaticeps</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Cameron P" box="[888,1069,413,439]" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" pagination="125 - 160" refId="ref12969" refString="Cameron P (1904) Descriptions of new genera and species of Hymenoptera from Dunbrody, Cape Colony. Records of the Albany Museum 1: 125 - 160." type="journal article" year="1904">Cameron, 1904</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, by original designation and monotypy.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="3.[140,1108,413,545]" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">
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<taxonomicName authority="Kieffer, 1910" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1910" box="[140,434,483,510]" class="Hexapoda" family="Figitidae" genus="Coelonychia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[140,270,483,509]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">Coelonychia</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Kieffer J-J" box="[280,434,483,510]" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" pagination="1 - 29" refId="ref13129" refString="Kieffer J-J (1910) Serphidae, Cynipidae, Chalcididae, Evaniidae und Stephanidae aus Aquatorial- Afrika (Deutch. Zentral-Afrika-Exped. 1907 - 1908 unter Fuhrung Adolph Friedrichs). Wissenchaftliche Ergebnisse. Reise in Ostafrica 1903 - 1905 von A. Voeltzkow. Stuttgart 3 (2): 1 - 29." type="journal article" year="1910">Kieffer, 1910</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<typeStatus box="[447,502,484,510]" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">Type</typeStatus>
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species:
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<taxonomicName authority="Kieffer" authorityName="Kieffer" box="[605,936,483,509]" class="Hexapoda" family="Figitidae" genus="Coelonychia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinosipes">
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<emphasis box="[605,847,483,509]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">Coelonychia spinosipes</emphasis>
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Kieffer
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</taxonomicName>
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, by monotypy. Synonymy by
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<bibRefCitation author="Weld L" box="[347,496,519,545]" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" pagination="137 - 144" refId="ref13402" refString="Weld L (1930) Notes on types (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of London 32: 137 - 144." type="journal article" year="1930">Weld (1930)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="248" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph blockId="3.[140,1108,589,1672]" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,266,589,615]" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">
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<emphasis box="[140,262,589,615]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" reason="1">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Species of this genus are immediately separable from all other
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Ronquist" baseAuthorityYear="1999" box="[975,1073,589,615]" class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Figitidae</taxonomicName>
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by the distinctive scutellar depression bounded by a pair of sharp, postero-dorsal triangular projections (Figs 1–4). The elongate petiole is somewhat variable within
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Ros-Farre" baseAuthorityYear="2007" class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Aspicerinae">Aspicerinae</taxonomicName>
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, though the state in
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Cameron" authorityYear="1904" box="[408,551,695,721]" class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" genus="Anacharoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[408,551,695,721]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">Anacharoides</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is longer than in most other genera. The only two taxa
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Cameron" authorityYear="1904" box="[192,335,730,756]" class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" genus="Anacharoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[192,335,730,756]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">Anacharoides</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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can be confused with are
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<taxonomicName box="[624,747,730,756]" class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" genus="Callaspidia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[624,747,730,756]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">Callaspidia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Ros-Farre" authorityYear="2007" box="[802,904,730,756]" class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" genus="Pujadella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[802,904,730,756]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">Pujadella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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; both of these latter genera have mesoscutal sculpturing that is remininscent of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Cameron" authorityYear="1904" box="[850,993,765,791]" class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" genus="Anacharoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[850,993,765,791]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">Anacharoides</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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; however, close examination of the scutellar morphology easily separates these taxa.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="253" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="3.[140,1108,589,1672]" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[185,360,835,861]" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">
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<emphasis box="[185,354,835,861]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="248" reason="1">Redescription</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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<emphasis box="[370,430,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">Color</emphasis>
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. Body ruddy brown to black (Figs 1–4), older specimens tending toward orange; antennae yellowish–orange basally, dark brown or black apically; legs yellowish–orange to dark brown; wings clear.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="3.[140,1108,589,1672]" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">
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<emphasis box="[185,252,941,967]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">Head.</emphasis>
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Entire anterior surface coriaceous to rugulose, densely setose; ocellar ridge well developed, simple to rugulose, connecting lateral ocelli dorsal of central ocellus; area posterior of ocellar ridge microcoriaceous to shagreened; orbital furrows complete from inner margin of lateral ocellus to ventral margin of eye; torulus raised to form distinct collar, strigate, ventrally lobed along lateral edge of midpit of frons; midpit of frons densely setose (solid white in most specimens); area between anterior tentorial pits slightly raised, clypeus indistinct from lower frons, malar sulcus indistinct. Genal region setose, entirely porcate, lines connecting posterior margin of eye with genal carina; genal carina well developed, extended to anterior surface of pronotum; posterior surface of head concave on outer edges, flat centrally, distinctly strigose with strigae encircling occipital foramen. Antenna in female with 11 flagellomeres, 12 flagellomeres in males; female F1 nearly cylindrical, expanded slightly apically; male F1 variously modified, ranging from nearly cylindrical, slightly bent outwardly mid-length to strongly assymetical, apically expanded, distinctly bent outwardly mid-length.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="3.[140,1108,589,1672]" lastBlockId="4.[140,1108,167,404]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="249" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">
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<emphasis box="[185,294,1435,1460]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="248">Mesosoma</emphasis>
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. Pronotal plate as wide as mesosoma when viewed antero-dorsally, outer flanges flared, meeting posterior margin of head mesal of genal carina; anterior and posterior margins of plate divided by large fovea set with ‘foamy’ setae; posterior margin of plate distinctly concave along anterior margin of mesoscutum; lateral aspect of pronotum setose, porcate antero-dorsally and antero-ventrally, gently carinate anteromedially, posterior region of sclerite coriaceous to shagreened (Fig. 2B). Tegula and upper anterior part of mesopleural triangle smooth, glabrous; posterior margin of up- per part of mesopleural triangle spatulate, covering base of hind wing; mesopleural triangle deeply inset into mesopleuron, densely setose; ventral 2/3 of mesopleuron glabrous, smooth; mesopleural carina reduced to short, straight ridge on anterior 1/3 of sclerite; setal patch present on postero-ventral corner of mesopleuron; latero-ventral mesopleural carina distinct. Metapectal-propodeal complex densely setose; metapectus bounded on all sides by distinct pleural ridge; upper metapleural sclerite and episternum bisected medially by distinct pleural carina; spiracular groove present, densely
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="4.[140,1108,1513,1676]" pageId="4" pageNumber="249">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,230,1558,1580]" pageId="4" pageNumber="249">Figure Ι</emphasis>
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Mesoscutum of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Cameron" authorityYear="1904" box="[382,499,1558,1579]" class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" genus="Anacharoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="249" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[382,499,1558,1579]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="249">Anacharoides</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[571,590,1558,1580]" pageId="4" pageNumber="249">A</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName box="[595,682,1558,1580]" class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" genus="Anacharoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="249" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallida">
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<emphasis box="[595,682,1558,1580]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="249">A. pallida</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[686,703,1558,1580]" pageId="4" pageNumber="249">B</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="Buffington & van Noort, 2009" authorityName="Buffington & van Noort" authorityYear="2009" box="[708,819,1558,1580]" class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" genus="Anacharoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="249" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nicknacki" status="sp. n.">
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<emphasis box="[708,819,1558,1580]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="249">A. nicknacki</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[824,873,1559,1580]" pageId="4" pageNumber="249" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[878,897,1558,1580]" pageId="4" pageNumber="249">C</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName box="[901,981,1559,1580]" class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" genus="Anacharoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="249" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paragi">
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<emphasis box="[901,981,1559,1580]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="249">A. paragi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[986,1005,1558,1580]" pageId="4" pageNumber="249">D</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName box="[1011,1108,1558,1580]" class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" genus="Anacharoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="249" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadrus">
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<emphasis box="[1011,1108,1558,1580]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="249">A. quadrus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,155,1590,1612]" pageId="4" pageNumber="249">E</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName box="[161,274,1591,1612]" class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" genus="Anacharoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="249" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="striaticeps">
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<emphasis box="[161,274,1591,1612]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="249">A. striaticeps</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[280,294,1590,1612]" pageId="4" pageNumber="249">F</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName box="[301,384,1591,1612]" class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" genus="Anacharoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="249" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stygius">
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<emphasis box="[301,384,1591,1612]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="249">A. stygius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Abbreviations: AAS, antero-admedial signum;
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<collectingRegion box="[828,881,1591,1612]" country="Cameroon" name="North" pageId="4" pageNumber="249">NOT</collectingRegion>
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, notaulus; MSK, mesoscutal keel; PMF, postero-mesoscutal fovea; PS, parapsidal signum; SA, scutellar acetabulum; SF, scutellar fovea; SS, antero-admedial signum strut. All scale bars equal
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<quantity box="[701,778,1654,1676]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="249" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="5.[140,946,1654,1676]" lastBlockId="6.[140,869,1654,1676]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="251" pageId="5" pageNumber="250">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,231,1654,1676]" pageId="5" pageNumber="250">Figure 2</emphasis>
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Head and mesosoma
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[436,455,1654,1676]" pageId="5" pageNumber="250">A</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="Buffington & van Noort, 2009" authorityName="Buffington & van Noort" authorityYear="2009" box="[461,670,1654,1675]" class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" genus="Anacharoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="250" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nicknacki" status="sp. n.">
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<emphasis box="[461,670,1654,1675]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="250">Anacharoides nicknacki</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[676,726,1655,1676]" pageId="5" pageNumber="250" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[732,749,1654,1676]" pageId="5" pageNumber="250">B</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName box="[754,940,1654,1675]" class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" genus="Anacharoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="250" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallida">
|
||
<emphasis box="[754,940,1654,1675]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="250">Anacharoides pallida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,231,1654,1676]" pageId="6" pageNumber="251">Figure 3</emphasis>
|
||
Head and mesosoma
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[436,455,1654,1676]" pageId="6" pageNumber="251">A</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[461,639,1654,1676]" class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" genus="Anacharoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="251" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paragi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[461,639,1654,1676]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="251">Anacharoides paragi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[645,662,1654,1676]" pageId="6" pageNumber="251">B</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[668,863,1654,1675]" class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" genus="Anacharoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="251" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadrus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[668,863,1654,1675]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="251">Anacharoides quadrus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[140,889,1654,1676]" box="[140,889,1654,1676]" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,231,1654,1676]" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">Figure 4</emphasis>
|
||
Head and mesosoma:
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[442,461,1654,1676]" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">A</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[467,676,1654,1676]" class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" genus="Anacharoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="striaticeps">
|
||
<emphasis box="[467,676,1654,1676]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">Anacharoides striaticeps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[681,698,1654,1676]" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">B</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[704,883,1654,1676]" class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" genus="Anacharoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="252" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stygius">
|
||
<emphasis box="[704,883,1654,1676]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="252">Anacharoides stygius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="8.[140,1108,167,1672]" pageId="8" pageNumber="253">
|
||
setose, bounded posteriorly by pleural carina. Propodeum compact, not extended posteriorly; propodeal carinae parallel, auxillary propodeal carina present, meeting propodeal carina at metanotum, continuing to posterior margin of episternum, terminating in dense setal patch; area between propodeal carinae smooth with dense patch of setae located in center; nucha circular, thin. Lateral aspects of metanotum densely setose, medial posterior face of metanotum modified completely smooth, glabrous, shieldlike. Mesoscutum variously sculptured, ranging from completely shagreened (Fig. 1A) to strigate (Fig. 1F); antero-admedial signum present (AAS, Fig. 1A); antero-admedial signum struts present (Fig. 1D) to absent (Fig. 1A); mesoscutal keel always present posteriorly (MSK, Fig. 1A), present to absent anteriorly; inter antero-admedial signum ridges present to absent; notauli present (
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[608,673,519,545]" country="Cameroon" name="North" pageId="8" pageNumber="253">NOT</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Fig. 1A), width constant to distinctly widened posteriorly, frequently interrupted by ridges, smooth to crenulate; parapisidal signum (PS, Fig. 1A) present, reduced in some species; posterior mesoscutal fovea present (PMF, Fig. 1A), ranging from short to medium-long, extending to posterior terminus of mesoscutal keel; posterior aspect of mesoscutellar fovea glabrous, ranging from smooth to strigate, anteriorly becoming coriaceous, setose. Scutellum with two distinct, large scutellar foveae, separated by median carina of scutellum, bounded laterally by distinct ridge; scutellar acetabulum present (SA, Fig. 1A), large, bounded on all sides by distinct ridge; postero-lateral corners of scutellar acetabulum with raised posteriorly directed triangular projections; lateral and posterior aspects of scutellum areolate-rugose; dorsal axillular area shagreened, axillula deeply impressed, setose, with distinct circular impression present anteriorly.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="8.[140,1108,167,1672]" pageId="8" pageNumber="253">
|
||
<emphasis box="[185,260,942,967]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="253">Wings.</emphasis>
|
||
Clear, nearly glabrous except for few scattered, short, setae; apical fringe absent; R
|
||
<subScript attach="left" box="[246,255,995,1009]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="253">1</subScript>
|
||
incomplete, not reaching anterior margin of wing; RS
|
||
<subScript attach="left" box="[876,885,995,1009]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="253">2</subScript>
|
||
complete, reaching anterior margin of wing, turning slightly at terminus with wing margin towards apex of wing; wing veins very light yellow, clear in some specimens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="8.[140,1108,167,1672]" pageId="8" pageNumber="253">
|
||
<emphasis box="[185,238,1083,1108]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="253">Legs.</emphasis>
|
||
All coxae with distinct patch of setae on anterior and posterior faces; pro- and mesocoxae subequal in size; metacoxa 3–4 times as large (width and length); metacoxa with posterior impression to receive femora when folded; metatibia with posterior, mesal, distal ridges, lined with stout setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="8.[140,1108,167,1672]" pageId="8" pageNumber="253">
|
||
<emphasis box="[185,293,1223,1248]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="253">Metasoma</emphasis>
|
||
. Petiole elongate, ranging from 3–6× longer than wide, glabrous, smooth to slightly carinate dorsally, distinctly strigate laterally, flanged anteriorly at junction with nucha, posteriorly obscured by tergum 1; tergum 1 reduced, ligulate, central anterior area with distinctly round setal patch; tergum 2 largest, 8× larger than tergum 1, terga 3–9 telescoped within tergum 2; micropores present on posterior 2/3 of tergum 2 and terga 3–9.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="253" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="8.[140,1108,167,1672]" pageId="8" pageNumber="253">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[185,344,1398,1424]" pageId="8" pageNumber="253">
|
||
<emphasis box="[185,339,1398,1424]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="253" reason="1">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(Fig. 6)
|
||
<emphasis box="[452,670,1399,1425]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="253">Sub-Saharan Africa</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[688,776,1399,1425]" name="Senegal" pageId="8" pageNumber="253">Senegal</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[791,938,1399,1425]" name="Sierra Leone" pageId="8" pageNumber="253">Sierra Leone</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[953,1040,1399,1425]" name="Nigeria" pageId="8" pageNumber="253">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Eritrea" pageId="8" pageNumber="253">Eritrea</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[190,314,1434,1460]" name="Cameroon" pageId="8" pageNumber="253">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[327,618,1434,1460]" name="Central African Republic" pageId="8" pageNumber="253">Central African Republic</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[632,997,1434,1460]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="8" pageNumber="253">Democratic Republic of Congo</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1012,1104,1434,1460]" name="Uganda" pageId="8" pageNumber="253">Uganda</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[140,235,1469,1495]" name="Rwanda" pageId="8" pageNumber="253">Rwanda</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[250,325,1470,1496]" name="Kenya" pageId="8" pageNumber="253">Kenya</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[339,473,1469,1495]" name="Madagascar" pageId="8" pageNumber="253">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[488,575,1469,1495]" name="Malawi" pageId="8" pageNumber="253">Malawi</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[589,710,1469,1495]" name="Zimbabwe" pageId="8" pageNumber="253">Zimbabwe</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[773,923,1469,1495]" name="South Africa" pageId="8" pageNumber="253">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="253">Arabian Peninsula</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[197,277,1505,1531]" name="Yemen" pageId="8" pageNumber="253">Yemen</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[287,464,1504,1530]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="253">Palearctic region</emphasis>
|
||
: Canary Islands.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="254" pageId="8" pageNumber="253" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="8.[140,1108,167,1672]" pageId="8" pageNumber="253">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[185,283,1539,1565]" pageId="8" pageNumber="253">
|
||
<emphasis box="[185,278,1539,1565]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="253" reason="1">Biology</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Species of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cameron" authorityYear="1904" box="[411,554,1539,1565]" class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" genus="Anacharoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="253" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[411,554,1539,1565]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="253">Anacharoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, along with other
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Ros-Farre" baseAuthorityYear="2007" box="[768,901,1539,1565]" class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="253" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Aspicerinae">Aspicerinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, have been associated with syrphid hosts (Buffington et al. 2007;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Quinlan J" box="[698,866,1575,1601]" pageId="8" pageNumber="253" pagination="85 - 133" refId="ref13276" refString="Quinlan J (1979) A revisionary classification of the Cynipoidea (Hymenoptera) of the Ethiopian zoologeographical region. Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History 39: 85 - 133." type="journal article" year="1979">Quinlan 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The two species recorded herein were reared from the syrphids
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Sack" authorityName="Sack" authorityYear="1913" box="[635,795,1610,1636]" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Ischiodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="253" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[635,737,1610,1636]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="253">Ischiodon</emphasis>
|
||
Sack
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Latreille" authorityName="Latreille" box="[849,1030,1610,1636]" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Paragus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="253" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[849,932,1611,1636]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="253">Paragus</emphasis>
|
||
Latreille
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(based on isolated host puparia identified by F. C. Thompson of the Smithsonian Institution).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="9.[140,1108,166,475]" box="[185,494,166,193]" pageId="9" pageNumber="254">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[185,391,166,193]" pageId="9" pageNumber="254">
|
||
<emphasis box="[185,259,167,193]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="254" reason="1">Image</emphasis>
|
||
collection:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
467386.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="254" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="9.[140,1108,166,475]" pageId="9" pageNumber="254">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[185,319,201,227]" pageId="9" pageNumber="254">
|
||
<emphasis box="[185,314,201,227]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="254" reason="1">Comments</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Several autapomorphies distinguish
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cameron" authorityYear="1904" box="[722,858,202,228]" class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" genus="Anacharoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="254" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[722,858,202,228]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="254">Anacharoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from any other figitid genus. The width of the pronotal plate and the interaction of this structure with the posterior margin of the head is similar to the state found in zaeucoiline eucoilines (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Buffington ML & Gates M" pageId="9" pageNumber="254" pagination="222 - 224" refId="ref12875" refString="Buffington ML, Gates M (2009) Advanced imaging techniques II: using a compound microscope for photographing point-mount specimens. American Entomologist 54: 222 - 224." type="journal article" year="2009">Buffington 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and appear to have evolved in parallel. The function of this morphological feature is currently unknown. The sculpture of the mesoscutum, as well as the unusual scutellar fovea, make members of this genus readily recognizable. Finally, the species within the genus are united by an unusually long petiole, a state remarkably similar to that found in
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Dalman, 1823" authorityName="Dalman" authorityYear="1823" class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" genus="Anacharis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="254" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="254">Anacharis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1901" box="[253,368,448,474]" class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" genus="Xyalophora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="254" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[253,368,448,474]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="254">Xyalophora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1862" box="[382,537,448,475]" class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="254" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Anacharitinae">Anacharitinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and likely the root behind the name
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cameron" authorityYear="1904" box="[948,1084,448,474]" class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" genus="Anacharoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="254" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[948,1084,448,474]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="254">Anacharoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |