226 lines
40 KiB
XML
226 lines
40 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="1AE5DF77FEF1BEA662EEE4F87E8A328E">Morphology and Phylogeny of Four Marine Scuticociliates (Protista, Ciliophora), with Descriptions of Two New Species: Pleuronema elegans spec. nov. and Uronema orientalis spec. nov.</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F4F905C13E0118728C84BFEAB10197CE">Pan, Xuming</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="EEED0B5B559C18E109B6CF4D4ABAF65F">Huang, Jie</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E0015164C66CDB8C39503A2A23422D5F">Fan, Xinpeng</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="045480D849F1C6568A9B4E3B3A5B61AF">Al-Rasheid, Khaled A. S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="0C8822C647B04164F4938ACB54E8E107">Miao, Miao</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="F6563B1921C7CA98650033176697FB16">Acta Protozoologica</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="8BAF0B1CFFB5FFF1FCC03A77FA461C47" blockId="5.[809,1455,308,369]" box="[809,1455,308,335]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">
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<heading id="D0E7BC70FFB5FFF1FCC03A77FA461C47" bold="true" box="[809,1455,308,335]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="4C10709FFFB5FFF1FCC03A77FB141C47" ID-CoL="4KBZ9" ID-ENA="1230386" authority="Calkins, 1902" authorityName="Calkins" authorityYear="1902" box="[809,1277,308,335]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Pleuronematidae" genus="Pleuronema" kingdom="Chromista" order="Pleuronematida" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="setigerum">
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<emphasis id="B964D70EFFB5FFF1FCC03A77FBA81C47" bold="true" box="[809,1089,308,335]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Pleuronema setigerum</emphasis>
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Calkins, 1902
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<figureCitation id="132B1799FFB5FFF1FAF83A77FA401C47" box="[1297,1449,308,334]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[134,169,1374,1396]" captionTargetBox="[129,1467,223,1334]" captionTargetId="figure-8@6.[129,1467,223,1334]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 3.Pleuronema grolierei Wang et al., 2008 (A–H) andP. setigerum Calkins, 1902 (I–M) in vivo (A–D, I–K) and after protargol (E–H, L, M). A, I – ventral views of typical individuals, arrow in (A) shows contractile vacuole, arrowheads in (I) mark paroral membrane; B – ventral view, arrowheads mark oral cilia; C, K – ventral views, arrowheads point to caudal cilia; D – ventral view, arrow marks ingested algae, arrowhead shows irregularly-shaped crystals; E – anterior region, arrow shows the anterior part of membranelle 2; F – detailed structure of the buccal area; G – posterior region, arrowhead points to membranelle 3; H – macronucleus; J – ventral view, arrowheads show irregularly-shaped crystals; L – posterior region, arrowhead indicates the ring-like posterior end of M2a; M – detailed structure of the buccal area, arrow marks membranelle 3, arrowheads show preoral kineties. M1 – membranelle 1; M2a – the anterior part of membranelle 2; M2b – the posterior part of membranelle 2; Ma – macronucleus. Scale bars: A, I = 20 μm, M = 5 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8356856" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8356856/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Figs 3 I–M</figureCitation>
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;
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAF0B1CFFB5FFF1FCC03A14FC671C78" blockId="5.[809,1455,308,369]" box="[809,910,343,369]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">
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<emphasis id="B964D70EFFB5FFF1FCC03A14FC671C78" bold="true" box="[809,910,343,369]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">
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<tableCitation id="C6923EA7FFB5FFF1FCC03A14FC6A1C78" box="[809,899,343,369]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="4.[132,188,223,244]" captionText="Table 1. Morphometric characterization of Pleuronema elegans spec. nov. (upper row), P. setigerum Calkins, 1902 (second row), P. grolierei Wang et al., 2008 (third row) and Uronema orientalis spec. nov. (lower row). Data based on protargol stained specimens.All measurements in µm. Abbreviations: CV – coefficient of variation in %; Max – maximum; Mean – arithmetic mean; Min – minimum; n – number of individuals examined; SD – standard deviation." pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Table 1</tableCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30A5897FFB5FFF1FCA63ACAFACF1F59" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BAF0B1CFFB5FFF1FCA63ACAFACF1F59" blockId="5.[808,1457,393,1944]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">
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Since first reported, this species has been rede- scribed on four occasions (
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8176EDFFB5FFF1FB9F3AE8FB131CCF" author="Kahl A." box="[1142,1274,427,454]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" pagination="181 - 398" refId="ref7770" refString="Kahl A. (1931) Urtiere oder Protozoa I: Wimpertiere oder Ciliata (Infusoria). 2. Holosticha Tierwelt Dtl. 21: 181 - 398" type="journal article" year="1931">Kahl 1931</bibRefCitation>
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||
,
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8176EDFFB5FFF1FAE23AE8FA431CCF" author="Noland L. E." box="[1291,1450,427,454]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" pagination="160 - 171" refId="ref8204" refString="Noland L. E. (1937) Observations on marine ciliates of the gulf coast of Florida. Trans. Am. Micros. Soc. 56: 160 - 171" type="journal article" year="1937">Noland 1937</bibRefCitation>
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||
,
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8176EDFFB5FFF1FCC03A8CFC291CE1" author="Borror A. C." box="[809,960,462,489]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" pagination="125 - 131" refId="ref6813" refString="Borror A. C. (1963) Morphology and ecology of some uncommon ciliates from Alligator Harbour, Florida. Trans. Am. Microsc. Soc. 82: 125 - 131" type="journal article" year="1963">Borror 1963</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8176EDFFB5FFF1FC383A8CFB7C1CE1" author="Pan H. & Huang J. & Hu X. & Fan X. & Al-Rasheid K. A. S. & Song W." box="[977,1173,462,489]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" pagination="45 - 49" refId="ref8268" refString="Pan H., Huang J., Hu X., Fan X., Al-Rasheid K. A. S., Song W. (2010) Morphology and SSU rRNA gene sequences of three marine ciliates from Yellow Sea, China, including one new species, Uronema heteromarinum nov. spec. (Ciliophora, Scuticociliatida). Acta Protozool. 49: 45 - 49" type="journal article" year="2010">
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Pan
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<emphasis id="B964D70EFFB5FFF1FBE03A8CFBA81CE1" box="[1033,1089,462,488]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">et al</emphasis>
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. 2010
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</bibRefCitation>
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||
). Some new characters were found in the Shenzhen population and hence an improved diagnosis of this species is supplied here based on both previous and present studies.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C30A5897FFB5FFF1FCA6391AFC961E81" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" type="diagnosis">
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||
<paragraph id="8BAF0B1CFFB5FFF1FCA6391AFC961E81" blockId="5.[808,1457,393,1944]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">
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||
<emphasis id="B964D70EFFB5FFF1FCA6391AFBBA1F7A" bold="true" box="[847,1107,601,627]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Improved diagnosis:</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B964D70EFFB5FFF1FB893919FB5C1F7A" box="[1120,1205,602,627]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">In vivo</emphasis>
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25–50 × 10–30 μm in size, slender oval in outline; buccal field occupying four-fifths of body length; about 9–13 prolonged caudal cilia; three to five preoral kineties and 12–22 somatic kineties; M1 about 20% of the anterior part of M2a in length, consisting of three longitudinal rows of basal bodies; posterior end of M2a ring-like; contractile vacuole subcaudally positioned; one macronucleus; marine habitat.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30A5897FFB5FFF3FCA638D2FD261C8C" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BAF0B1CFFB5FFF1FCA638D2FB8918DF" blockId="5.[808,1457,393,1944]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">
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<emphasis id="B964D70EFFB5FFF1FCA638D2FAB81EA2" bold="true" box="[847,1361,912,939]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Description of the Shenzhen population:</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B964D70EFFB5FFF1FAB538D1FA461EA2" box="[1372,1455,914,939]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">In vivo</emphasis>
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25–40 × 10–20 µm, slender oval in outline, widest at mid-body (
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<figureCitation id="132B1799FFB5FFF1FC423895FC171EF9" box="[939,1022,982,1008]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[134,169,1374,1396]" captionTargetBox="[129,1467,223,1334]" captionTargetId="figure-8@6.[129,1467,223,1334]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 3.Pleuronema grolierei Wang et al., 2008 (A–H) andP. setigerum Calkins, 1902 (I–M) in vivo (A–D, I–K) and after protargol (E–H, L, M). A, I – ventral views of typical individuals, arrow in (A) shows contractile vacuole, arrowheads in (I) mark paroral membrane; B – ventral view, arrowheads mark oral cilia; C, K – ventral views, arrowheads point to caudal cilia; D – ventral view, arrow marks ingested algae, arrowhead shows irregularly-shaped crystals; E – anterior region, arrow shows the anterior part of membranelle 2; F – detailed structure of the buccal area; G – posterior region, arrowhead points to membranelle 3; H – macronucleus; J – ventral view, arrowheads show irregularly-shaped crystals; L – posterior region, arrowhead indicates the ring-like posterior end of M2a; M – detailed structure of the buccal area, arrow marks membranelle 3, arrowheads show preoral kineties. M1 – membranelle 1; M2a – the anterior part of membranelle 2; M2b – the posterior part of membranelle 2; Ma – macronucleus. Scale bars: A, I = 20 μm, M = 5 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8356856" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8356856/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Fig. 3I</figureCitation>
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). Ventral side almost flat, dorsal side convex. Buccal field cavity about four-fifths of body length (
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<figureCitation id="132B1799FFB5FFF1FC6D3F58FC31193F" box="[900,984,1051,1078]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[134,169,1374,1396]" captionTargetBox="[129,1467,223,1334]" captionTargetId="figure-8@6.[129,1467,223,1334]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 3.Pleuronema grolierei Wang et al., 2008 (A–H) andP. setigerum Calkins, 1902 (I–M) in vivo (A–D, I–K) and after protargol (E–H, L, M). A, I – ventral views of typical individuals, arrow in (A) shows contractile vacuole, arrowheads in (I) mark paroral membrane; B – ventral view, arrowheads mark oral cilia; C, K – ventral views, arrowheads point to caudal cilia; D – ventral view, arrow marks ingested algae, arrowhead shows irregularly-shaped crystals; E – anterior region, arrow shows the anterior part of membranelle 2; F – detailed structure of the buccal area; G – posterior region, arrowhead points to membranelle 3; H – macronucleus; J – ventral view, arrowheads show irregularly-shaped crystals; L – posterior region, arrowhead indicates the ring-like posterior end of M2a; M – detailed structure of the buccal area, arrow marks membranelle 3, arrowheads show preoral kineties. M1 – membranelle 1; M2a – the anterior part of membranelle 2; M2b – the posterior part of membranelle 2; Ma – macronucleus. Scale bars: A, I = 20 μm, M = 5 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8356856" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8356856/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Fig. 3I</figureCitation>
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). Extrusomes 3 μm long, lying beneath notched pellicle and closely arranged between ciliary rows (
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<figureCitation id="132B1799FFB5FFF1FC9C3F22FC221972" box="[885,971,1121,1147]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[134,169,1374,1396]" captionTargetBox="[129,1467,223,1334]" captionTargetId="figure-8@6.[129,1467,223,1334]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 3.Pleuronema grolierei Wang et al., 2008 (A–H) andP. setigerum Calkins, 1902 (I–M) in vivo (A–D, I–K) and after protargol (E–H, L, M). A, I – ventral views of typical individuals, arrow in (A) shows contractile vacuole, arrowheads in (I) mark paroral membrane; B – ventral view, arrowheads mark oral cilia; C, K – ventral views, arrowheads point to caudal cilia; D – ventral view, arrow marks ingested algae, arrowhead shows irregularly-shaped crystals; E – anterior region, arrow shows the anterior part of membranelle 2; F – detailed structure of the buccal area; G – posterior region, arrowhead points to membranelle 3; H – macronucleus; J – ventral view, arrowheads show irregularly-shaped crystals; L – posterior region, arrowhead indicates the ring-like posterior end of M2a; M – detailed structure of the buccal area, arrow marks membranelle 3, arrowheads show preoral kineties. M1 – membranelle 1; M2a – the anterior part of membranelle 2; M2b – the posterior part of membranelle 2; Ma – macronucleus. Scale bars: A, I = 20 μm, M = 5 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8356856" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8356856/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Fig. 3J</figureCitation>
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). Cytoplasm colourless to slightly grayish, containing many shining globules of varying size (3–5 μm across), food vacuoles (4–6 μm across) and irregularly-shaped crystals (mostly 3–4 μm across) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132B1799FFB5FFF1FCDB3FA8FC74180F" box="[818,925,1259,1286]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[134,169,1374,1396]" captionTargetBox="[129,1467,223,1334]" captionTargetId="figure-8@6.[129,1467,223,1334]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 3.Pleuronema grolierei Wang et al., 2008 (A–H) andP. setigerum Calkins, 1902 (I–M) in vivo (A–D, I–K) and after protargol (E–H, L, M). A, I – ventral views of typical individuals, arrow in (A) shows contractile vacuole, arrowheads in (I) mark paroral membrane; B – ventral view, arrowheads mark oral cilia; C, K – ventral views, arrowheads point to caudal cilia; D – ventral view, arrow marks ingested algae, arrowhead shows irregularly-shaped crystals; E – anterior region, arrow shows the anterior part of membranelle 2; F – detailed structure of the buccal area; G – posterior region, arrowhead points to membranelle 3; H – macronucleus; J – ventral view, arrowheads show irregularly-shaped crystals; L – posterior region, arrowhead indicates the ring-like posterior end of M2a; M – detailed structure of the buccal area, arrow marks membranelle 3, arrowheads show preoral kineties. M1 – membranelle 1; M2a – the anterior part of membranelle 2; M2b – the posterior part of membranelle 2; Ma – macronucleus. Scale bars: A, I = 20 μm, M = 5 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8356856" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8356856/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Fig. 3I, J</figureCitation>
|
||
). One spherical macronucleus, about 16 × 15 µm, located in anterior 1/3 of cell, usually with many globular nucleoli. Single contractile vacuole about 10 µm in diameter, located subcaudally near dorsal cell margin (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132B1799FFB5FFF1FC643E35FC041899" box="[909,1005,1398,1424]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[134,169,1374,1396]" captionTargetBox="[129,1467,223,1334]" captionTargetId="figure-8@6.[129,1467,223,1334]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 3.Pleuronema grolierei Wang et al., 2008 (A–H) andP. setigerum Calkins, 1902 (I–M) in vivo (A–D, I–K) and after protargol (E–H, L, M). A, I – ventral views of typical individuals, arrow in (A) shows contractile vacuole, arrowheads in (I) mark paroral membrane; B – ventral view, arrowheads mark oral cilia; C, K – ventral views, arrowheads point to caudal cilia; D – ventral view, arrow marks ingested algae, arrowhead shows irregularly-shaped crystals; E – anterior region, arrow shows the anterior part of membranelle 2; F – detailed structure of the buccal area; G – posterior region, arrowhead points to membranelle 3; H – macronucleus; J – ventral view, arrowheads show irregularly-shaped crystals; L – posterior region, arrowhead indicates the ring-like posterior end of M2a; M – detailed structure of the buccal area, arrow marks membranelle 3, arrowheads show preoral kineties. M1 – membranelle 1; M2a – the anterior part of membranelle 2; M2b – the posterior part of membranelle 2; Ma – macronucleus. Scale bars: A, I = 20 μm, M = 5 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8356856" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8356856/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Fig. 3K</figureCitation>
|
||
). Somatic cilia about 8 µm long (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132B1799FFB5FFF1FA693E35FCAF18BA" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[134,169,1374,1396]" captionTargetBox="[129,1467,223,1334]" captionTargetId="figure-8@6.[129,1467,223,1334]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 3.Pleuronema grolierei Wang et al., 2008 (A–H) andP. setigerum Calkins, 1902 (I–M) in vivo (A–D, I–K) and after protargol (E–H, L, M). A, I – ventral views of typical individuals, arrow in (A) shows contractile vacuole, arrowheads in (I) mark paroral membrane; B – ventral view, arrowheads mark oral cilia; C, K – ventral views, arrowheads point to caudal cilia; D – ventral view, arrow marks ingested algae, arrowhead shows irregularly-shaped crystals; E – anterior region, arrow shows the anterior part of membranelle 2; F – detailed structure of the buccal area; G – posterior region, arrowhead points to membranelle 3; H – macronucleus; J – ventral view, arrowheads show irregularly-shaped crystals; L – posterior region, arrowhead indicates the ring-like posterior end of M2a; M – detailed structure of the buccal area, arrow marks membranelle 3, arrowheads show preoral kineties. M1 – membranelle 1; M2a – the anterior part of membranelle 2; M2b – the posterior part of membranelle 2; Ma – macronucleus. Scale bars: A, I = 20 μm, M = 5 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8356856" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8356856/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Fig. 3I</figureCitation>
|
||
). About thirteen prolonged caudal cilia, each about 20 µm in length (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132B1799FFB5FFF1FC1D3EF8FBBB18DF" box="[1012,1106,1467,1494]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[134,169,1374,1396]" captionTargetBox="[129,1467,223,1334]" captionTargetId="figure-8@6.[129,1467,223,1334]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 3.Pleuronema grolierei Wang et al., 2008 (A–H) andP. setigerum Calkins, 1902 (I–M) in vivo (A–D, I–K) and after protargol (E–H, L, M). A, I – ventral views of typical individuals, arrow in (A) shows contractile vacuole, arrowheads in (I) mark paroral membrane; B – ventral view, arrowheads mark oral cilia; C, K – ventral views, arrowheads point to caudal cilia; D – ventral view, arrow marks ingested algae, arrowhead shows irregularly-shaped crystals; E – anterior region, arrow shows the anterior part of membranelle 2; F – detailed structure of the buccal area; G – posterior region, arrowhead points to membranelle 3; H – macronucleus; J – ventral view, arrowheads show irregularly-shaped crystals; L – posterior region, arrowhead indicates the ring-like posterior end of M2a; M – detailed structure of the buccal area, arrow marks membranelle 3, arrowheads show preoral kineties. M1 – membranelle 1; M2a – the anterior part of membranelle 2; M2b – the posterior part of membranelle 2; Ma – macronucleus. Scale bars: A, I = 20 μm, M = 5 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8356856" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8356856/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Fig. 3K</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF0B1CFFB5FFF1FCA63E9DFB531B37" blockId="5.[808,1457,393,1944]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">
|
||
Swims moderately fast while rotating about main body axis, sometimes drifting or lying motionless on debris for short periods (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132B1799FFB5FFF1FBA33D60FB471B37" box="[1098,1198,1571,1598]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[134,169,1374,1396]" captionTargetBox="[129,1467,223,1334]" captionTargetId="figure-8@6.[129,1467,223,1334]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 3.Pleuronema grolierei Wang et al., 2008 (A–H) andP. setigerum Calkins, 1902 (I–M) in vivo (A–D, I–K) and after protargol (E–H, L, M). A, I – ventral views of typical individuals, arrow in (A) shows contractile vacuole, arrowheads in (I) mark paroral membrane; B – ventral view, arrowheads mark oral cilia; C, K – ventral views, arrowheads point to caudal cilia; D – ventral view, arrow marks ingested algae, arrowhead shows irregularly-shaped crystals; E – anterior region, arrow shows the anterior part of membranelle 2; F – detailed structure of the buccal area; G – posterior region, arrowhead points to membranelle 3; H – macronucleus; J – ventral view, arrowheads show irregularly-shaped crystals; L – posterior region, arrowhead indicates the ring-like posterior end of M2a; M – detailed structure of the buccal area, arrow marks membranelle 3, arrowheads show preoral kineties. M1 – membranelle 1; M2a – the anterior part of membranelle 2; M2b – the posterior part of membranelle 2; Ma – macronucleus. Scale bars: A, I = 20 μm, M = 5 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8356856" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8356856/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Fig. 3M</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF0B1CFFB5FFF1FCA63D05FB541BE2" blockId="5.[808,1457,393,1944]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">
|
||
Twelve to 14 somatic kineties, composed of paired basal bodies in anterior three-quarters of the body and monokinetids in the posterior quarter, extending almost the entire length of the cell (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132B1799FFB5FFF1FB953DEDFB081BC1" box="[1148,1249,1710,1736]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[134,169,1374,1396]" captionTargetBox="[129,1467,223,1334]" captionTargetId="figure-8@6.[129,1467,223,1334]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 3.Pleuronema grolierei Wang et al., 2008 (A–H) andP. setigerum Calkins, 1902 (I–M) in vivo (A–D, I–K) and after protargol (E–H, L, M). A, I – ventral views of typical individuals, arrow in (A) shows contractile vacuole, arrowheads in (I) mark paroral membrane; B – ventral view, arrowheads mark oral cilia; C, K – ventral views, arrowheads point to caudal cilia; D – ventral view, arrow marks ingested algae, arrowhead shows irregularly-shaped crystals; E – anterior region, arrow shows the anterior part of membranelle 2; F – detailed structure of the buccal area; G – posterior region, arrowhead points to membranelle 3; H – macronucleus; J – ventral view, arrowheads show irregularly-shaped crystals; L – posterior region, arrowhead indicates the ring-like posterior end of M2a; M – detailed structure of the buccal area, arrow marks membranelle 3, arrowheads show preoral kineties. M1 – membranelle 1; M2a – the anterior part of membranelle 2; M2b – the posterior part of membranelle 2; Ma – macronucleus. Scale bars: A, I = 20 μm, M = 5 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8356856" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8356856/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Fig. 3M</figureCitation>
|
||
). Five or six preoral kineties to left of buccal field.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF0B1CFFB5FFF2FCA63DB0FDBF1BEB" blockId="5.[808,1457,393,1944]" lastBlockId="6.[132,778,1701,1936]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">
|
||
Oral apparatus typical for genus: M1 with one short and two longer rows of basal bodies; M2a mostly two-rowed but with a middle section that is single-rowed in a ‘zigzag’ pattern, with its posterior end characteristically ring-like (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132B1799FFB5FFF1FBE03C3DFB811A91" box="[1033,1128,1918,1944]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[134,169,1374,1396]" captionTargetBox="[129,1467,223,1334]" captionTargetId="figure-8@6.[129,1467,223,1334]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 3.Pleuronema grolierei Wang et al., 2008 (A–H) andP. setigerum Calkins, 1902 (I–M) in vivo (A–D, I–K) and after protargol (E–H, L, M). A, I – ventral views of typical individuals, arrow in (A) shows contractile vacuole, arrowheads in (I) mark paroral membrane; B – ventral view, arrowheads mark oral cilia; C, K – ventral views, arrowheads point to caudal cilia; D – ventral view, arrow marks ingested algae, arrowhead shows irregularly-shaped crystals; E – anterior region, arrow shows the anterior part of membranelle 2; F – detailed structure of the buccal area; G – posterior region, arrowhead points to membranelle 3; H – macronucleus; J – ventral view, arrowheads show irregularly-shaped crystals; L – posterior region, arrowhead indicates the ring-like posterior end of M2a; M – detailed structure of the buccal area, arrow marks membranelle 3, arrowheads show preoral kineties. M1 – membranelle 1; M2a – the anterior part of membranelle 2; M2b – the posterior part of membranelle 2; Ma – macronucleus. Scale bars: A, I = 20 μm, M = 5 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8356856" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8356856/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Fig. 3L</figureCitation>
|
||
). M2b V-shaped, distinctly separated from M2a; M3 three-rowed (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132B1799FFB6FFF2FDB83DE6FD5C1BB6" box="[593,693,1701,1727]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[134,169,1374,1396]" captionTargetBox="[129,1467,223,1334]" captionTargetId="figure-8@6.[129,1467,223,1334]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 3.Pleuronema grolierei Wang et al., 2008 (A–H) andP. setigerum Calkins, 1902 (I–M) in vivo (A–D, I–K) and after protargol (E–H, L, M). A, I – ventral views of typical individuals, arrow in (A) shows contractile vacuole, arrowheads in (I) mark paroral membrane; B – ventral view, arrowheads mark oral cilia; C, K – ventral views, arrowheads point to caudal cilia; D – ventral view, arrow marks ingested algae, arrowhead shows irregularly-shaped crystals; E – anterior region, arrow shows the anterior part of membranelle 2; F – detailed structure of the buccal area; G – posterior region, arrowhead points to membranelle 3; H – macronucleus; J – ventral view, arrowheads show irregularly-shaped crystals; L – posterior region, arrowhead indicates the ring-like posterior end of M2a; M – detailed structure of the buccal area, arrow marks membranelle 3, arrowheads show preoral kineties. M1 – membranelle 1; M2a – the anterior part of membranelle 2; M2b – the posterior part of membranelle 2; Ma – macronucleus. Scale bars: A, I = 20 μm, M = 5 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8356856" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8356856/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">Fig. 3M</figureCitation>
|
||
). Paroral membrane about 80% of cell length.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF6F5B94FFB6FFF2FF6F3E1DFC011B3E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8356856" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8356856" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8356856/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" startId="6.[134,169,1374,1396]" targetBox="[129,1467,223,1334]" targetPageId="6" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF0B1CFFB6FFF2FF6F3E1DFC011B3E" blockId="6.[133,1461,1374,1592]" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964D70EFFB6FFF2FF6F3E1DFF2C187A" bold="true" box="[134,197,1374,1396]" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">Fig. 3.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C10709FFFB6FFF2FF213E1DFDD6187A" authority="Wang et al., 2008" authorityName="Wang" authorityYear="2008" box="[200,575,1374,1396]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Pleuronematidae" genus="Pleuronema" kingdom="Chromista" order="Pleuronematida" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="grolierei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964D70EFFB6FFF2FF213E1DFE7D187A" box="[200,404,1374,1395]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">Pleuronema grolierei</emphasis>
|
||
Wang
|
||
<emphasis id="B964D70EFFB6FFF2FE3D3E1CFE14187A" box="[468,509,1374,1396]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2008
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(A–H) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C10709FFFB6FFF2FD473E1CFC58187A" authority="Calkins, 1902" authorityName="Calkins" authorityYear="1902" box="[686,945,1374,1396]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Pleuronematidae" genus="Pleuronema" kingdom="Chromista" order="Pleuronematida" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="setigerum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964D70EFFB6FFF2FD473E1CFD54187D" box="[686,701,1375,1396]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B964D70EFFB6FFF2FD203E1CFCC1187D" box="[713,808,1375,1396]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">setigerum</emphasis>
|
||
Calkins, 1902
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(I–M)
|
||
<emphasis id="B964D70EFFB6FFF2FC1A3E1CFBDA187D" box="[1011,1075,1375,1396]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">in vivo</emphasis>
|
||
(A–D, I–K) and after protargol (E–H, L, M).
|
||
<emphasis id="B964D70EFFB6FFF2FF463E39FF3D1886" bold="true" box="[175,212,1402,1423]" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">A, I</emphasis>
|
||
– ventral views of typical individuals, arrow in (A) shows contractile vacuole, arrowheads in (I) mark paroral membrane;
|
||
<emphasis id="B964D70EFFB6FFF2FAB73E39FA871886" bold="true" box="[1374,1390,1402,1423]" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">B</emphasis>
|
||
– ventral view, arrowheads mark oral cilia;
|
||
<emphasis id="B964D70EFFB6FFF2FE063ED5FDF618A2" bold="true" box="[495,543,1430,1452]" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">C, K</emphasis>
|
||
– ventral views, arrowheads point to caudal cilia;
|
||
<emphasis id="B964D70EFFB6FFF2FC163ED5FBF918A2" bold="true" box="[1023,1040,1430,1451]" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">D</emphasis>
|
||
– ventral view, arrow marks ingested algae, arrowhead shows irregularly-shaped crystals;
|
||
<emphasis id="B964D70EFFB6FFF2FDD43EF1FDA418CE" bold="true" box="[573,589,1458,1479]" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">E</emphasis>
|
||
– anterior region, arrow shows the anterior part of membranelle 2;
|
||
<emphasis id="B964D70EFFB6FFF2FB263EF1FB3718CE" bold="true" box="[1231,1246,1458,1479]" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">F</emphasis>
|
||
– detailed structure of the buccal area;
|
||
<emphasis id="B964D70EFFB6FFF2FEC83E8DFEDD18ED" bold="true" box="[289,308,1486,1508]" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">G</emphasis>
|
||
– posterior region, arrowhead points to membranelle 3;
|
||
<emphasis id="B964D70EFFB6FFF2FCA73E8DFC8818EA" bold="true" box="[846,865,1486,1507]" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">H</emphasis>
|
||
– macronucleus;
|
||
<emphasis id="B964D70EFFB6FFF2FBE03E8DFBFC18EA" bold="true" box="[1033,1045,1486,1507]" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">J</emphasis>
|
||
– ventral view, arrowheads show irregularly-shaped crystals;
|
||
<emphasis id="B964D70EFFB6FFF2FEA93EA9FEB918F6" bold="true" box="[320,336,1514,1535]" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">L</emphasis>
|
||
– posterior region, arrowhead indicates the ring-like posterior end of M2a;
|
||
<emphasis id="B964D70EFFB6FFF2FBC03EA9FBA918F6" bold="true" box="[1065,1088,1514,1535]" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">M</emphasis>
|
||
– detailed structure of the buccal area, arrow marks membranelle 3, arrowheads show preoral kineties. M1 – membranelle 1; M2a – the anterior part of membranelle 2; M2b – the posterior part of membranelle 2; Ma – macronucleus. Scale bars: A, I = 20 μm, M = 5 μm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAF0B1CFFB6FFF3FF433DA9FD261C8C" blockId="6.[132,778,1701,1936]" lastBlockId="7.[125,772,223,389]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964D70EFFB6FFF2FF433DA9FE1E1A0C" bold="true" box="[170,503,1770,1797]" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">Comparison and remarks:</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C10709FFFB6FFF2FDE93DA9FCE31A0D" authorityName="Calkins" authorityYear="1902" box="[512,778,1770,1796]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Pleuronematidae" genus="Pleuronema" kingdom="Chromista" order="Pleuronematida" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="setigerum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964D70EFFB6FFF2FDE93DA9FCE31A0D" box="[512,778,1770,1796]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">Pleuronema setigerum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was first reported by Calkins in 1902 and then rede- scribed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8176EDFFB6FFF2FEE53C73FE771A43" author="Kahl A." box="[268,414,1840,1866]" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" pagination="181 - 398" refId="ref7770" refString="Kahl A. (1931) Urtiere oder Protozoa I: Wimpertiere oder Ciliata (Infusoria). 2. Holosticha Tierwelt Dtl. 21: 181 - 398" type="journal article" year="1931">Kahl (1931)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
who cited Calkins’s drawing.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8176EDFFB6FFF2FF6D3C10FEC01A64" author="Borror A. C." box="[132,297,1874,1901]" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" pagination="125 - 131" refId="ref6813" refString="Borror A. C. (1963) Morphology and ecology of some uncommon ciliates from Alligator Harbour, Florida. Trans. Am. Microsc. Soc. 82: 125 - 131" type="journal article" year="1963">Borror (1963)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described its infraciliatrue but gave only a diagram of the buccal morphology, then
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8176EDFFB6FFF2FD993C36FCE01A99" author="Small E. B." box="[624,777,1909,1936]" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" refId="ref8832" refString="Small E. B. (1964) An analysis of morphology and ontogenesis in the genus Pleuronema Dujardin, 1841, a description of two new species and a new genus, and a comparative analysis of stomatogenesis. Ph. D. Dissertation. Univ. California, Los Angeles, 297 pp." type="book" year="1964">Small (1964)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
provided a detailed line drawing based on Borror’s protargol stained specimen.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8176EDFFB6FFF2FBB03D8BFACD1BEB" author="Pan H. & Huang J. & Hu X. & Fan X. & Al-Rasheid K. A. S. & Song W." box="[1113,1316,1736,1762]" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" pagination="45 - 49" refId="ref8268" refString="Pan H., Huang J., Hu X., Fan X., Al-Rasheid K. A. S., Song W. (2010) Morphology and SSU rRNA gene sequences of three marine ciliates from Yellow Sea, China, including one new species, Uronema heteromarinum nov. spec. (Ciliophora, Scuticociliatida). Acta Protozool. 49: 45 - 49" type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Pan
|
||
<emphasis id="B964D70EFFB6FFF2FB783D8AFB2D1BEB" box="[1169,1220,1736,1762]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2010)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
redescribed this form and provided an improved diagnosis based both on the Qingdao population and the previous studies. The Shenzhen population is very similar to the previous ones in both living and infraciliature data, except for having a smaller body size (25–40 × 10–20 µm vs. 30–50 × 15–30 µm), fewer somatic kineties (12–14 vs. 14–22) and more preoral kineties (five or six vs. three or five). We consider these variations to be populationdependent, and thus treat the Shenzhen population as conspecific with other populations of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C10709FFFB7FFF3FDDE3A28FD211C8D" authorityName="Calkins" authorityYear="1902" box="[567,712,363,388]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Pleuronematidae" genus="Pleuronema" kingdom="Chromista" order="Pleuronematida" pageId="7" pageNumber="38" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="setigerum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B964D70EFFB7FFF3FDDE3A28FD211C8D" box="[567,712,363,388]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">P. setigerum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |