161 lines
20 KiB
XML
161 lines
20 KiB
XML
<document id="090B12C2E06A77AC83C95329C7B53CDA" ID-DOI="10.1206/3961.1" ID-ISSN="0003-0082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5370399" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630268866948" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Sinclair, Bradley J. & Grimaldi, David A." docDate="2020" docId="03B94C5BFFC33C4967FF37C0FC9875F0" docLanguage="en" docName="N3961.pdf" docOrigin="American Museum Novitates 2020 (3961)" docSource="https://bioone.org/journals/american-museum-novitates/volume-2020/issue-3961/3961.1/Cretaceous-Diversity-of-the-Relict-Genus-Alavesia-Waters-and-Arillo/10.1206/3961.1.full" docStyle="DocumentStyle:26C3580A17D4BBE58BD8D8AC6AE09AC4.6:AmMusNovit.2010-.journal_article" docStyleId="26C3580A17D4BBE58BD8D8AC6AE09AC4" docStyleName="AmMusNovit.2010-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="6" docTitle="Alavesia lanceolata Sinclair & Grimaldi 2020, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="16" masterDocId="FF803423FFCC3C46662D3721FC617321" masterDocTitle="Cretaceous diversity of the relict genus Alavesia Waters and Arillo (Diptera: Empidoidea: Atelestidae)" masterLastPageNumber="40" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="16" updateTime="1699205599378" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:titleInfo id="8397064EE094A4C7B227B0B76D032349">
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<mods:title id="620F00361D1B8E388D893EE9D4EA1D07">Cretaceous diversity of the relict genus Alavesia Waters and Arillo (Diptera: Empidoidea: Atelestidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="445BCF473AED1D44DFFCFA3DEAFF2E7E" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="2872486714B5B68186BBFE4FA71CDBFD">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="3955D857929B6B3FB3B1DF323B617CC1">Sinclair, Bradley J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="F003EE5B26816BE92F96C6D56945548A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="7186F531AFE7246D612AF086CF3F8EB7">Grimaldi, David A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="B3A981D5BCAADC25548AB24FB2ACD0EC">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="AE98B759DBBCBF4D78397E920665EFCB">American Museum Novitates</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="8E0EE7916A97045CA2C25BF434EE4089">
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<mods:date id="894E7A06672218030D9DBD22622F888A">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="4558B08FEE6E6DF4F19BEB4DC3EF396F">2020-10-06</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="07C57AFFE2B695A6C88CEC82DAA6E036" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="FA6F0BE3D20F45276420F4B8F94B01FF">2020</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="8B49CFAD7EF2A6FAA2A734A5BECB41DF" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="3DA6B2695FBA8A0A8860F6D358A06AC9">3961</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="A1152030802CCC75EE159B52FCB7F37E">https://bioone.org/journals/american-museum-novitates/volume-2020/issue-3961/3961.1/Cretaceous-Diversity-of-the-Relict-Genus-Alavesia-Waters-and-Arillo/10.1206/3961.1.full</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="BE2104778509D47E3DCE99BDEE58FA7C">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="17585FFBC5C4DA47DF4DCD6494DBADCF" type="DOI">10.1206/3961.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="0219F4D1A7AD37FC000CA7395C400379" type="ISSN">0003-0082</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03B94C5BFFC33C4967FF37C0FC9875F0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5462035" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5462035" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B94C5BFFC33C4967FF37C0FC9875F0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B94C5BFFC33C4967FF37C0FC9875F0" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<subSubSection id="C30AAEC6FFC33C4967FF37C0FF3773DA" box="[466,854,225,252]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BAFFD4DFFC33C4967FF37C0FF3773DA" blockId="15.[466,854,225,252]" box="[466,854,225,252]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<heading id="D0E74A21FFC33C4967FF37C0FF3773DA" box="[466,854,225,252]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" reason="2">
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<emphasis id="B964215FFFC33C4967FF37C0FEA273DA" bold="true" box="[466,707,225,252]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1086CEFFC33C4967FF37C0FEDD73DD" ID-CoL="89WYH" authority="Sinclair & Grimaldi, 2020" authorityName="Sinclair & Grimaldi" authorityYear="2020" box="[466,700,225,252]" class="Insecta" family="Atelestidae" genus="Alavesia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lanceolata" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B964215FFFC33C4967FF37C0FEDD73DD" bold="true" box="[466,700,225,252]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Alavesia lanceolata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2579C24FFC33C4964E637C3FF3773DA" box="[715,854,225,252]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30AAEC6FFC33C4967C73638FF5C7212" box="[490,829,281,307]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BAFFD4DFFC33C4967C73638FF5C7212" blockId="15.[490,829,281,307]" box="[490,829,281,307]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<heading id="D0E74A21FFC33C4967C73638FF5C7212" box="[490,829,281,307]" centered="true" fontSize="36" level="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" reason="7">
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<figureCitation id="132BE1C8FFC33C4967C73638FE0D7212" box="[490,620,281,307]" captionStart="FIGURE" captionStartId="6.[108,197,1285,1306]" captionTargetBox="[200,1125,232,1256]" captionTargetId="figure-108@6.[108,1212,224,1262]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE. 1. Antennae of Burmese amber Alavesia species, lateral views. All are males except N, O, P. Some antennae were reversed in direction for optimal comparison; longicornuta and longistylata are slightly reconstructed to account for curvature of the stylus. All are to the same scale. Specimen numbers: A. USNM PAL 726867. B. AMNH Bu-494. C. AMNH Bu-496. D. USNM PAL 726868. E. AMNH Bu-KL2-7. F. AMNH Bu-1476. G. JZC Bu-556 (AMNH). H. USNM PAL 726872. K. USNM PAL 726869. L. AMNH Bu-KL7-18. M. JZC Bu-282. N. Undetermined species. O. A. zigrasi. P. A. zigrasi." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5370401" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5370401/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Figures 1D</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="132BE1C8FFC33C4964573638FEFE7212" box="[634,671,281,307]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[108,194,1456,1477]" captionTargetBox="[121,1197,229,1434]" captionTargetId="figure-45@7.[108,1212,224,1437]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. Wings of six species of Alavesia in Burmese amber. All are males, to the same scale. Specimens: A. USNM PAL 726867. B. AMNH Bu-494. C. AMNH Bu-496. D. USNM PAL 726868. E. AMNH Bu-1476. F. JZC Bu-556." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5370403" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5370403/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">2D</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="132BE1C8FFC33C4964863638FEAE7212" box="[683,719,281,307]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[108,192,1248,1269]" captionTargetBox="[218,1076,228,1219]" captionTargetId="figure-97@11.[108,1212,224,1228]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Male terminalia of three species of Alavesia in Burmese amber, shown in various views, to the same scale except for B. A. A. lanceolata, USNM PAL 726868, dorsolateral view. B, C. A. longistylata, USNM PAL 726872. B. Lateral view of abdominal apex. C. Epandrium and genitalia, posterolateral view. D, E. A. magna, AMNH Bu-KL2-7. D. Ventrolateral view. E. Dorsal view. Abbreviations: cer, cercus; ep, epandrium; pg, postgonite; pg+ph, postgonite + phallus (integrated); ph, phallus; st8, sternite 8; sur, sustylus; t8, tergite 8." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5370411" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5370411/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">6A</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="132BE1C8FFC33C4964F13638FF617212" box="[732,768,281,307]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="17.[108,194,1252,1273]" captionTargetBox="[108,1212,224,1227]" captionTargetId="figure-95@17.[108,1212,224,1229]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 8. Heads and antennae of Burmese amber Alavesia. A. A. lanceolata, head and antennae, dorsolateral view, holotype, USNM 726868. B. A. pankowskiorum, head and antennae, lateral view, paratype, AMNH Bu-KL7-19. C. A. magna, left antenna, lateral view, holotype, AMNH Bu-KL2-7. D. A. magna, left antenna detail, lateral view, holotype, AMNH Bu-KL2-7. E. A. brevipennae, lateral view, AMNH Bu-494. Note the longer microtrichia on the postpedicel. F. A. longicornuta, holotype, stylus tip, lateral view, JZC Bu-556." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5370415" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5370415/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">8A</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="132BE1C8FFC33C4965203638FF5C7212" box="[781,829,281,307]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="22.[108,194,1544,1565]" captionTargetBox="[108,1212,224,1524]" captionTargetId="figure-50@22.[108,1212,224,1527]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 13. Alavesia spp. in Burmese amber. A. A. lanceolata, USNM PAL 726868. B. A. pankowskiorum, USNM PAL 726869. C. A. latala, holotype, AMNH Bu-1476. D. A. longicornuta, holotype, JZC Bu-556" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5370425" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5370425/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">13A</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30AAEC6FFC33C49668E3670FD9E7106" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BAFFD4DFFC33C49668E3670FD9E7106" blockId="15.[108,1214,337,1745]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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DIAGNOSIS: A larger species (fig. 13A) (wing length
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<quantity id="4CE850A8FFC33C49652B3670FF05724D" box="[774,868,337,364]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="1.8">1.8 mm</quantity>
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), male postpedicel broad and large (L/
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<geoCoordinate id="EE249B8AFFC33C4966FF3656FD7A72B0" box="[210,283,375,401]" degrees="3.4" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="5555" value="-3.4">W 3.4</geoCoordinate>
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– 4.0), tapered on apical half, stylus short (0.35x L of postpedicel); 3 pairs of scutellar setae; M
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<subScript id="1794FF08FFC33C496711368BFD3B729A" attach="left" box="[316,346,426,443]" fontSize="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">1+2</subScript>
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and R
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<subScript id="1794FF08FFC33C496786368BFDA8729A" attach="left" box="[427,457,426,443]" fontSize="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">4+5</subScript>
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parallel for much of their length but slightly divergent at apex (parallel in
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<taxonomicName id="4C1086CEFFC33C4966DE36E3FD3E72FA" box="[243,351,450,476]" class="Insecta" family="Atelestidae" genus="Alavesia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zigrasi">
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<emphasis id="B964215FFFC33C4966DE36E3FD3E72FA" box="[243,351,450,476]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">A. zigrasi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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); crossvein dm-m clearly positioned beyond apex of cell bm; CuA arched apically (hybotidlike); female aristalike stylus slightly longer than postpedicel (female with similar CuA and thickened setae).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30AAEC6FFC33C49668B3510FD5E7540" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BAFFD4DFFC33C49668B3510FE1D7027" blockId="15.[108,1214,337,1745]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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DESCRIPTION:
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<emphasis id="B964215FFFC33C4967753510FDFB716A" box="[344,410,561,587]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Male.</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B964215FFFC33C4967893510FE4D716A" bold="true" box="[420,556,561,587]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Coloration</emphasis>
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preserved: Frons and vertex dark brown. Pleura light including halter, except for anepisternum (which is light, fuscous brown, same color as scutum and dorsum of scutellum). Femora and tibiae light, tarsi dark. Tergites 1–5 dark, posterior ones light.
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<emphasis id="B964215FFFC33C49669F3580FC9A719A" bold="true" box="[178,251,673,699]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Head:</emphasis>
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Scape short, pedicel quadrate, postpedicel broad and large (figs. 1D, 8A) (L/
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<geoCoordinate id="EE249B8AFFC33C4962B23580FCF171C0" degrees="3.4" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="5555" value="-3.4">W 3.4</geoCoordinate>
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–4.0), tapered on apical half, stylus short (0.35
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<emphasis id="B964215FFFC33C49649535E6FEA871C0" bold="true" box="[696,713,711,737]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">×</emphasis>
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L of postpedicel). Palpus very small; proboscis barely projecting beyond oral margin.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAFFD4DFFC33C49668B3430FFCF70E0" blockId="15.[108,1214,337,1745]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<emphasis id="B964215FFFC33C49668B3430FD64700A" bold="true" box="[166,261,785,811]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Thorax:</emphasis>
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Macrosetae thickened, acrostichals short, biserial; dorsocentral setae similar to acrostichals, ending in pair of long prescutellar dorsocentrals>2
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<emphasis id="B964215FFFC33C49655F3416FFE27070" bold="true" box="[882,899,823,849]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">×</emphasis>
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length of preceding ones. Postpronotum with 1 small seta, barely larger than setulae; notopleural setae of graded lengths, 3 posterior ones largest; 1 postsutural supraalar seta; 1 postalar seta; 3 pairs scutellar setae, lateral pair ~0.3
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<emphasis id="B964215FFFC33C49670A3486FD5970E0" bold="true" box="[295,312,935,961]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">×</emphasis>
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length of apical pair, apical pair upright and crossed.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAFFD4DFFC33C49668834EDFD87775D" blockId="15.[108,1214,337,1745]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<emphasis id="B964215FFFC33C49668834EDFC8570C7" bold="true" box="[165,228,972,998]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Legs:</emphasis>
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Forecoxa with short, decumbent setae on anterior surface. Forefemur with row of short, spinulelike setae on distal 2/3 of ventral surface; none on mid femur, a short distal row on hind femur. Foretibia with long, apical ventral seta; mid and hind tibiae with 2 such setae (1-2-2). Hind tibia with dense dorsal row of setae, lengths about 1/3 width of tibia; posterior surface with fine brush of setae.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAFFD4DFFC33C49668833A7FCA47617" blockId="15.[108,1214,337,1745]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<emphasis id="B964215FFFC33C49668833A7FC917781" bold="true" box="[165,240,1158,1184]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Wing:</emphasis>
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Length
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<quantity id="4CE850A8FFC33C49677B33A6FDD57780" box="[342,436,1159,1185]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="1.8">1.8 mm</quantity>
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, slender, L/
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<geoCoordinate id="EE249B8AFFC33C49646D33A6FEF77780" box="[576,662,1159,1185]" degrees="2.66" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="555" value="-2.66">W 2.66</geoCoordinate>
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(fig. 2D). Vein C terminating slightly beyond M
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<subScript id="1794FF08FFC33C4966AB339BFCC577EA" attach="left" box="[134,164,1210,1227]" fontSize="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">1+2</subScript>
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; Sc nearly reaching costal margin; R
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<subScript id="1794FF08FFC33C496479339BFE1377EA" attach="left" box="[596,626,1210,1227]" fontSize="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">4+5</subScript>
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parallel to M
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<subScript id="1794FF08FFC33C49653F339BFF5177EA" attach="left" box="[786,816,1210,1227]" fontSize="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">1+2</subScript>
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but diverging at apices; crossvein r-m near middle of cell dm; apex of M
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<subScript id="1794FF08FFC33C49640333FEFE5677D1" attach="left" box="[558,567,1247,1264]" fontSize="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">4</subScript>
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slightly closer to CuA+CuP than to M
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<subScript id="1794FF08FFC33C4965D033FEF87A77D1" attach="left" box="[1021,1051,1247,1264]" fontSize="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">1+2</subScript>
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; CuA arched, not aligned with bm-m; apex of cell cua acute, cell cua longer than cell bm; CuA+CuP slightly curved.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAFFD4DFFC33C49668A3260FD5E7540" blockId="15.[108,1214,337,1745]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<emphasis id="B964215FFFC33C49668A3260FD49767A" bold="true" box="[167,296,1345,1371]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Abdomen:</emphasis>
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Shorter than thorax; setae short, little differentiated except for margins of sternites 2–5 with short, thick, spinulelike setae. Male terminalia distinctive (fig. 6A): Epandrium short, ringlike, ventral lobe with relatively shorter setae ~0.5
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<emphasis id="B964215FFFC33C49658D32ADFFD07687" bold="true" box="[928,945,1420,1446]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">×</emphasis>
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length of epandrium; posterior surface of terminalia extensively membranous, cerci small and separated by distance about equal to their diameter. Surstylus short, digitate, simple (no apparent dorsal lobe). Terminal median structure (postgonites + phallus) lobelike, very integrated, having small lateral lobe with central depression, apically microtrichose and with pair of downturned, spinelike apical lobes/setae.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30AAEC6FFC33C496689314CFF4175A7" box="[164,800,1644,1671]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAFFD4DFFC33C496689314CFF4175A7" blockId="15.[108,1214,337,1745]" box="[164,800,1644,1671]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B78F710FFC33C496689314CFF4175A7" box="[164,800,1644,1671]" collectionCode="TYPE, MATERIAL, USNM" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" specimenCode="PAL 726868" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED016588FFC33C496689314CFD0075A7" box="[164,353,1644,1671]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">TYPE MATERIAL</collectionCode>
|
||
:
|
||
<typeStatus id="54AB43EFFFC33C496741314DFDBA75A7" box="[364,475,1644,1670]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, male,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED016588FFC33C496402314DFEE375A7" box="[559,642,1644,1670]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBB65536FFC33C4964A7314DFF7D75A7" box="[650,796,1644,1670]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="Museum">PAL 726868</specimenCode>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30AAEC6FFC33C49668731B0FC9875F0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAFFD4DFFC33C49668731B0FC9875F0" blockId="15.[108,1214,337,1745]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">ETYMOLOGY: The specific epithet is named in reference to the broad, lanceolate postpedicel.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |