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<mods:title id="548BC9685E93813612EF8B26E3A78ADF">Convoluted maxillary stylets among Australian Thysanoptera Phlaeothripinae associated mainly with Casuarinaceae trees</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="4C35D39BFF8EFFB4FF7BFAF4FE6AAB6D" ID-CoL="62TMT" authority="Mound" authorityName="Mound" authorityYear="1970" box="[151,424,1338,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Heligmothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="317" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B941740AFF8EFFB4FF7BFAF4FE6AAB6D" bold="true" box="[151,424,1338,1365]" pageId="16" pageNumber="317">
<emphasis id="B941740AFF8EFFB4FF7BFAF4FE87AB6D" bold="true" box="[151,325,1338,1365]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="317">Heligmothrips</emphasis>
Mound
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<taxonomicName id="4C35D39BFF8EFFB4FF7BFAB1FE2DABAF" ID-CoL="62TMT" authority="Mound, 1970: 453" authorityName="Mound" authorityPageNumber="453" authorityYear="1970" box="[151,495,1407,1431]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Heligmothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="317" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B941740AFF8EFFB4FF7BFAB1FEEBABAF" box="[151,297,1407,1431]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="317">Heligmothrips</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA4D5E9FF8EFFB4FEDCFAB1FE2DABAF" author="Mound, L. A." box="[304,495,1407,1431]" pageId="16" pageNumber="317" pagination="439 - 463" refId="ref23810" refString="Mound, L. A. (1970) Convoluted maxillary stylets and the systematics of some Phlaeothripine Thysanoptera from Casuarina trees in Australia. Australian Journal of Zoology, 18, 439 - 463. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / ZO 9700439" type="journal article" year="1970">Mound, 1970: 453</bibRefCitation>
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.
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<typeStatus id="548E16BAFF8EFFB4FE14FA4EFDF6ABA0" box="[504,564,1408,1432]" pageId="16" pageNumber="317">Types</typeStatus>
species
<taxonomicName id="4C35D39BFF8EFFB4FD66FAB1FC77ABA0" ID-CoL="58L9V" authority="Karny" authorityName="Karny" authorityYear="1920" box="[650,949,1407,1432]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Trichothrips" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="317" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erinaceus">
<emphasis id="B941740AFF8EFFB4FD66FAB1FCB2ABAF" box="[650,880,1407,1431]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="317">Trichothrips erinaceus</emphasis>
Karny
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<paragraph id="8B8AA818FF8EFFB4FF7BFA0BFB33A98C" blockId="16.[151,1437,1477,2008]" pageId="16" pageNumber="317">
This genus of dark brown, usually macropterous species of
<taxonomicName id="4C35D39BFF8EFFB4FCD7FA0BFC2CABE7" authorityName="Uzel" authorityYear="1895" box="[827,1006,1477,1503]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Casuarinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="16" pageNumber="302" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Phlaeothripinae">Phlaeothripinae</taxonomicName>
, is a member of the
<taxonomicName id="4C35D39BFF8EFFB4FB3AFA0BFAFFABE7" authorityName="Uzel" authorityYear="1895" box="[1238,1341,1477,1503]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Liothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="317" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B941740AFF8EFFB4FB3AFA0BFAFFABE7" box="[1238,1341,1477,1503]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="317">Liothrips</emphasis>
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lineage, and is presumably derived from the complex of taxa associated with the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C35D39BFF8EFFB4FBE7FA27FB5EA83B" authorityName="Hood" authorityYear="1919" box="[1035,1180,1513,1539]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Teuchothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="317" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B941740AFF8EFFB4FBE7FA27FB5EA83B" box="[1035,1180,1513,1539]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="317">Teuchothrips</emphasis>
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. Members of the latter genus do not usually have the maxillary stylets elongate and crossing over in the head, although two species with this condition are known from
<collectingCountry id="F322E888FF8EFFB4FDEFF9FCFD74A873" box="[515,694,1585,1612]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="16" pageNumber="317">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
, both of which are associated with leaf distortion on species of
<taxonomicName id="4C35D39BFF8EFFB4FF7BF99BFEC6A857" authorityName="Jones &amp; Woodward" authorityYear="1899" box="[151,260,1621,1647]" class="Trilobita" family="Harpetidae" genus="Hibbertia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpetida" pageId="16" pageNumber="317" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B941740AFF8EFFB4FF7BF99BFEC6A857" box="[151,260,1621,1647]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="317">Hibbertia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[
<taxonomicName id="4C35D39BFF8EFFB4FEFDF99BFE61A857" box="[273,419,1621,1647]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Dilleniaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dilleniales" pageId="16" pageNumber="317" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Dilleniaceae</taxonomicName>
] (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA4D5E9FF8EFFB4FE5BF99BFD3CA857" author="Mound, L. A. &amp; Goldarazena, A." box="[439,766,1621,1647]" pageId="16" pageNumber="317" pagination="238 - 244" refId="ref24078" refString="Mound, L. A. &amp; Goldarazena, A. (2022) Antennal sense cone variation in Teuchothrips species of New Caledonia, with one new generic combination (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripinae). Zootaxa, 5124 (2), 238 - 244. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5124.2.9" type="journal article" year="2022">Mound &amp; Goldarazena 2022</bibRefCitation>
). Moreover, some specimens here identified as
<taxonomicName id="4C35D39BFF8EFFB4FAE3F998FA5EA857" box="[1295,1436,1621,1647]" class="Trilobita" family="Harpetidae" genus="Hibbertia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpetida" pageId="16" pageNumber="317" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevidens">
<emphasis id="B941740AFF8EFFB4FAE3F998FA5EA857" box="[1295,1436,1621,1647]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="317">H. brevidens</emphasis>
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from Kangaroo Island, also
<taxonomicName id="4C35D39BFF8EFFB4FE30F9B4FDA3A8AB" authority="Mound &amp; Tree &amp; Wells, 2022" authorityName="Mound &amp; Tree &amp; Wells" authorityYear="2022" box="[476,609,1657,1683]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Heligmothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="317" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="narrabri" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B941740AFF8EFFB4FE30F9B4FDA3A8AB" box="[476,609,1657,1683]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="317">H. narrabri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B941740AFF8EFFB4FD80F9B7FD61A8AB" bold="true" box="[620,675,1657,1683]" pageId="16" pageNumber="317">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A272C971FF8EFFB4FD80F9B7FD61A8AB" box="[620,675,1657,1683]" pageId="16" pageNumber="317" rank="species">sp.n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C35D39BFF8EFFB4FD0CF9B4FC54A8AB" authority="Mound &amp; Tree &amp; Wells, 2022" authorityName="Mound &amp; Tree &amp; Wells" authorityYear="2022" box="[736,918,1657,1684]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Heligmothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="301" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xanthoskelus" status="sp. nov.">
H.
<emphasis id="B941740AFF8EFFB4FCE9F9B7FC54A8AB" box="[773,918,1657,1683]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="317">xanthoskelus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B941740AFF8EFFB4FC4CF9B7FC1DA8AB" bold="true" box="[928,991,1657,1683]" pageId="16" pageNumber="317">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A272C971FF8EFFB4FC4CF9B7FC1BA8AB" box="[928,985,1657,1683]" pageId="16" pageNumber="317" rank="species">sp.n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
</emphasis>
have the stylets parallel in the middle of the head (
<figureCitation id="130EB49DFF8EFFB4FEC2F953FE77A880" box="[302,437,1693,1720]" captionStart="FIGURES 5159" captionStartId="21.[151,264,1867,1891]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1844]" captionTargetId="figure-18@21.[151,1435,181,1844]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURES 5159. Heligmothrips species heads and stylets. (51) brevidens; (52) erinaceus; (53) gracilior; (54) eiletus; (55) eiletus larva; (56) exallus; (57) macropus; (58) narrabri; (59) xantoskelus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7138123" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7138123/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="317">Figs 5159</figureCitation>
). Study of species in this genus is technically difficult, because in order to study the convoluted maxillary stylets specimens must be partially bleached without disrupting the position of these stylets. In some species there is considerable variation in body size among individuals taken from the same locality and tree. Differences between specimens in colour of antennae, pronotal setae and fore wings are particularly difficult to assess. Moreover, the precise orientation of the maxillary stylets within the head is possibly not as consistent between species as indicated in
<bibRefCitation id="EFA4D5E9FF8EFFB4FDE0F89FFD76A953" author="Mound, L. A." box="[524,692,1873,1899]" pageId="16" pageNumber="317" pagination="439 - 463" refId="ref23810" refString="Mound, L. A. (1970) Convoluted maxillary stylets and the systematics of some Phlaeothripine Thysanoptera from Casuarina trees in Australia. Australian Journal of Zoology, 18, 439 - 463. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / ZO 9700439" type="journal article" year="1970">Mound (1970)</bibRefCitation>
, and the names
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<emphasis id="B941740AFF8EFFB4FC98F89CFBC4A953" box="[884,1030,1874,1899]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="317">H. erinaceus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
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<emphasis id="B941740AFF8EFFB4FBAFF89CFB0EA953" box="[1091,1228,1873,1899]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="317">H. gracilior</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(couplet
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key below) possibly involve a complex of species. Far more field work would be needed to establish if the observed differences are consistent, and if they are associated with different host plants, localities or seasons.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="8B8AA818FF8EFFB5FF2BF870FA82AFE9" blockId="16.[151,1437,1477,2008]" lastBlockId="17.[151,1437,151,465]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="318" pageId="16" pageNumber="317">
<emphasis id="B941740AFF8EFFB4FF2BF870FEFBA9EF" box="[199,313,1982,2007]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="317">Diagnosis</emphasis>
. Dark brown, usually macropterous
<taxonomicName id="4C35D39BFF8EFFB4FD04F873FC59A9EF" authorityName="Uzel" authorityYear="1895" box="[744,923,1981,2007]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Casuarinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="16" pageNumber="302" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Phlaeothripinae">Phlaeothripinae</taxonomicName>
, body surface more or less reticulate. Head about as long as wide, maxillary stylets retracted to eyes and usually crossing over each other in middle of head, and each with a simple or complex loop or convolution posteromedially; mouth cone acute; postocular setae with expanded apices. Antennae 8-segmented; VII and VIII broadly joined; III with 1 sense cone, IV with 3 sense cones (
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<taxonomicName id="4C35D39BFF8FFFB5FEF2FECDFEA5AF25" authorityName="Mound" authorityYear="1970" box="[286,359,259,285]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Heligmothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eiletus">
<emphasis id="B941740AFF8FFFB5FEF2FECDFEA5AF25" box="[286,359,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">eiletus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C35D39BFF8FFFB5FE4DFECDFDC3AF25" authorityName="Mound &amp; Tree &amp; Wells" authorityYear="2022" box="[417,513,259,285]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Heligmothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="narrabri">
<emphasis id="B941740AFF8FFFB5FE4DFECDFDC3AF25" box="[417,513,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">narrabri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Pronotum with 5 pairs of major setae; notopleural sutures complete. Prosternal basantra absent, ferna widely separated; mesopresternum varied, complete or with two triangles weakly joined or absent medially; sternopleural sutures long. Fore tarsus with a tooth in both sexes; fore femur enlarged in major individuals. Mesonotal lateral setae capitate, metanotal median setae usually acute. Fore wing broad and closely ciliate; duplicated cilia present (absent in
<taxonomicName id="4C35D39BFF8FFFB5FD82FE5DFD0CAF95" authorityName="Mound &amp; Tree &amp; Wells" authorityYear="2022" box="[622,718,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Heligmothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="narrabri">
<emphasis id="B941740AFF8FFFB5FD82FE5DFD0CAF95" box="[622,718,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">narrabri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); 3 sub-basal setae present. Tergites IIVII each with 2 pairs of wing-retaining setae; tergite IX setae S1 and S2 long and capitate. Male sternite VIII with large pore plate.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32FFB93FF8FFFB5FF7BFDEDFE3FAC04" box="[151,509,546,573]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="8B8AA818FF8FFFB5FF7BFDEDFE3FAC04" blockId="17.[151,509,546,573]" box="[151,509,546,573]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">
<heading id="D0C21F74FF8FFFB5FF7BFDEDFE3FAC04" bold="true" box="[151,509,546,573]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B941740AFF8FFFB5FF7BFDEDFE3FAC04" bold="true" box="[151,509,546,573]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">
Key to
<taxonomicName id="4C35D39BFF8FFFB5FF1DFDECFE3FAC04" box="[241,509,546,573]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Heligmothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undefined-1">
<emphasis id="B941740AFF8FFFB5FF1DFDECFE5DAC05" bold="true" box="[241,415,546,573]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">Heligmothrips</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32FFB93FF8FFFB5FF7BFDA6FA5EA8A5" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" type="key">
<key id="FFA4FF29FF8FFFB5FF7BFDA6FA5EA8A5" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">
<keyStep id="30C1B0BDFF8FFFB5FF7BFDA6FA5EAC80" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">
<paragraph id="8B8AA818FF8FFFB5FF7BFDA6FA5EAC45" blockId="17.[151,1436,615,696]" box="[151,1436,615,638]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">
<keyLead id="30C40B2DFF8FFFB5FF7BFDA6FA5EAC45" box="[151,1436,615,638]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">
1. Maxillary stylets closely parallel medially or crossing over each other, only one simple flexure posterolaterally (
<figureCitation id="130EB49DFF8FFFB5FAFAFDA6FA46AC45" box="[1302,1412,615,638]" captionStart="FIGURES 5159" captionStartId="21.[151,264,1867,1891]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1844]" captionTargetId="figure-18@21.[151,1435,181,1844]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURES 5159. Heligmothrips species heads and stylets. (51) brevidens; (52) erinaceus; (53) gracilior; (54) eiletus; (55) eiletus larva; (56) exallus; (57) macropus; (58) narrabri; (59) xantoskelus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7138123" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7138123/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">Figs 51, 58</figureCitation>
) 2
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8AA818FF8FFFB5FF7BFD4BFA5EAC80" blockId="17.[151,1436,615,696]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">
<keyLead id="30C40B2DFF8FFFB5FF7BFD4BFA5EAC80" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">
-. Maxillary stylets crossing over each other medially (rarely parallel), with one or more complex loops or coils posterolaterally (
<figureCitation id="130EB49DFF8FFFB5FF05FD6CFE94AC80" box="[233,342,674,696]" captionStart="FIGURES 5159" captionStartId="21.[151,264,1867,1891]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1844]" captionTargetId="figure-18@21.[151,1435,181,1844]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURES 5159. Heligmothrips species heads and stylets. (51) brevidens; (52) erinaceus; (53) gracilior; (54) eiletus; (55) eiletus larva; (56) exallus; (57) macropus; (58) narrabri; (59) xantoskelus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7138123" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7138123/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">Figs 5256</figureCitation>
)......................................................................................... 5
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30C1B0BDFF8FFFB5FF7BFD13FA5EAD72" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">
<paragraph id="8B8AA818FF8FFFB5FF7BFD13FA5EAD28" blockId="17.[151,1436,733,843]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">
<keyLead id="30C40B2DFF8FFFB5FF7BFD13FA5EAD28" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">
2. Head elongate, at least 1.5 times as long as wide (
<figureCitation id="130EB49DFF8FFFB5FD3FFD13FCDEACCB" box="[723,796,733,755]" captionStart="FIGURES 5159" captionStartId="21.[151,264,1867,1891]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1844]" captionTargetId="figure-18@21.[151,1435,181,1844]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURES 5159. Heligmothrips species heads and stylets. (51) brevidens; (52) erinaceus; (53) gracilior; (54) eiletus; (55) eiletus larva; (56) exallus; (57) macropus; (58) narrabri; (59) xantoskelus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7138123" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7138123/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">Fig. 57</figureCitation>
); pronotum about as long as wide and not extending fully across prothorax (
<figureCitation id="130EB49DFF8FFFB5FEA0FD34FE50AD28" box="[332,402,762,784]" captionStart="FIGURES 6068" captionStartId="24.[151,264,1945,1969]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,417,1922]" captionTargetId="figure-148@24.[151,1435,417,1922]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 6068. Heligmothrips species thorax and antenna. (60) eiletus; (61) narrabri; (62) exallus; (63) xanthoskelus; (64) exallus; (65) xanthoskelus; (66) narrabri; (67) exallus antenna; (68) macropus pronotum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7138129" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7138129/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">Fig. 68</figureCitation>
).........................................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C35D39BFF8FFFB5FAE4FD35FAA4AD28" ID-CoL="9H5FZ" authority="Mound &amp; Tree &amp; Wells, 2022" authorityName="Mound &amp; Tree &amp; Wells" authorityYear="2022" box="[1288,1382,763,784]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Heligmothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macropus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B941740AFF8FFFB5FAE4FD35FAA4AD28" box="[1288,1382,763,784]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">macropus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A272C971FF8FFFB5FA80FD34FA5EAD28" box="[1388,1436,762,784]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B941740AFF8FFFB5FA80FD34FA54AD37" bold="true" box="[1388,1430,762,783]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">sp.n</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8AA818FF8FFFB5FF7BFCD6FA5EAD72" blockId="17.[151,1436,733,843]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">
<keyLead id="30C40B2DFF8FFFB5FF7BFCD6FA5EAD72" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">
-. Head broad, about 1.0 times as long as wide (
<figureCitation id="130EB49DFF8FFFB5FD77FCD6FCCEAD15" box="[667,780,791,814]" captionStart="FIGURES 5159" captionStartId="21.[151,264,1867,1891]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1844]" captionTargetId="figure-18@21.[151,1435,181,1844]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURES 5159. Heligmothrips species heads and stylets. (51) brevidens; (52) erinaceus; (53) gracilior; (54) eiletus; (55) eiletus larva; (56) exallus; (57) macropus; (58) narrabri; (59) xantoskelus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7138123" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7138123/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">Figs 51, 58</figureCitation>
); pronotum transverse, in female about 2.0 times as wide as median length, in male about 1.7 times, extending fully across prothorax................................................ 3
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30C1B0BDFF8FFFB5FF7BFCBEFA5EADE5" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">
<paragraph id="8B8AA818FF8FFFB5FF7BFCBEFA5FAD9A" blockId="17.[151,1437,880,990]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">
<keyLead id="30C40B2DFF8FFFB5FF7BFCBEFA5FAD9A" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">
3. Metanotal reticles large and weak, each with a spot medially (
<figureCitation id="130EB49DFF8FFFB5FCDFFCBEFCB9ADBE" box="[819,891,880,902]" captionStart="FIGURES 6068" captionStartId="24.[151,264,1945,1969]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,417,1922]" captionTargetId="figure-148@24.[151,1435,417,1922]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 6068. Heligmothrips species thorax and antenna. (60) eiletus; (61) narrabri; (62) exallus; (63) xanthoskelus; (64) exallus; (65) xanthoskelus; (66) narrabri; (67) exallus antenna; (68) macropus pronotum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7138129" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7138129/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">Fig. 61</figureCitation>
); antennal segments IVV uniformly brown, each with 2 sense cones; fore wings without duplicated cilia, or micropterous.....................................
<taxonomicName id="4C35D39BFF8FFFB5FAFFFC43FAA4AD9A" ID-CoL="9H5FY" authority="Mound &amp; Tree &amp; Wells, 2022" authorityName="Mound &amp; Tree &amp; Wells" authorityYear="2022" box="[1299,1382,909,930]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Heligmothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="narrabri" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B941740AFF8FFFB5FAFFFC43FAA4AD9A" box="[1299,1382,909,930]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">narrabri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B941740AFF8FFFB5FA80FC43FA5FAD9A" bold="true" box="[1388,1437,909,930]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A272C971FF8FFFB5FA80FC43FA5FAD9A" box="[1388,1437,909,930]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" rank="species">sp.n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8AA818FF8FFFB5FF7BFC65FA5EADE5" blockId="17.[151,1437,880,990]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">
<keyLead id="30C40B2DFF8FFFB5FF7BFC65FA5EADE5" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">-. Metanotal reticles small and dense with no internal markings; antennal segments IVV yellow on basal half, IV with 3 sense cones; macropterous, fore wings with duplicated cilia........................................................ 4</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30C1B0BDFF8FFFB5FF7BFBCCFA5FAA92" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">
<paragraph id="8B8AA818FF8FFFB5FF7BFBCCFA5EAA6A" blockId="17.[151,1437,1026,1195]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">
<keyLead id="30C40B2DFF8FFFB5FF7BFBCCFA5EAA6A" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">
4. Mesopresternum divided into two lateral triangles or weakly connected medially; pronotal anteromarginal setae sometimes short but as broadly capitate as remaining 4 pairs of major setae (
<figureCitation id="130EB49DFF8FFFB5FCB6FBEEFC61AA0D" box="[858,931,1055,1078]" captionStart="FIGURES 5159" captionStartId="21.[151,264,1867,1891]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1844]" captionTargetId="figure-18@21.[151,1435,181,1844]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURES 5159. Heligmothrips species heads and stylets. (51) brevidens; (52) erinaceus; (53) gracilior; (54) eiletus; (55) eiletus larva; (56) exallus; (57) macropus; (58) narrabri; (59) xantoskelus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7138123" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7138123/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">Fig. 51</figureCitation>
); pronotal anteroangular setae of male no more than 1.5 times as long as those of female; fore wing with 12 or more duplicated cilia;............................
<taxonomicName id="4C35D39BFF8FFFB5FAACFBF3FA5EAA6A" box="[1344,1436,1085,1106]" class="Trilobita" family="Harpetidae" genus="Hibbertia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpetida" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevidens">
<emphasis id="B941740AFF8FFFB5FAACFBF3FA5EAA6A" box="[1344,1436,1085,1106]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">brevidens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8AA818FF8FFFB5FF7BFB95FA5FAA92" blockId="17.[151,1437,1026,1195]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">
<keyLead id="30C40B2DFF8FFFB5FF7BFB95FA5FAA92" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">
-. Mesopresternum complete or narrowed medially; pronotal anteromarginal setae minute to short with weakly rounded apex; pronotal anteroangular setae of male at least three times as long as those of female; fore wing with no more than 6 duplicated cilia...........................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C35D39BFF8FFFB5FABAFB5BFA5FAA92" ID-CoL="6LJYB" authorityName="Mound" authorityYear="1970" box="[1366,1437,1173,1194]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Heligmothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frickeri">
<emphasis id="B941740AFF8FFFB5FABAFB5BFA5FAA92" box="[1366,1437,1173,1194]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">frickeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30C1B0BDFF8FFFB5FF7BFB01FA5EAB06" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">
<paragraph id="8B8AA818FF8FFFB5FF7BFB01FA5FAB3A" blockId="17.[151,1437,1231,1342]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">
<keyLead id="30C40B2DFF8FFFB5FF7BFB01FA5FAB3A" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">
5. Maxillary stylets arranged posterolaterally into pair of regular coils (
<figureCitation id="130EB49DFF8FFFB5FC82FB1EFC77AADD" box="[878,949,1231,1254]" captionStart="FIGURES 5159" captionStartId="21.[151,264,1867,1891]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1844]" captionTargetId="figure-18@21.[151,1435,181,1844]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURES 5159. Heligmothrips species heads and stylets. (51) brevidens; (52) erinaceus; (53) gracilior; (54) eiletus; (55) eiletus larva; (56) exallus; (57) macropus; (58) narrabri; (59) xantoskelus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7138123" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7138123/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">Fig. 54</figureCitation>
); metanotal median setae stout, capitate and half as long as metanotum (
<figureCitation id="130EB49DFF8FFFB5FE4AFB23FE2CAB3B" box="[422,494,1261,1283]" captionStart="FIGURES 6068" captionStartId="24.[151,264,1945,1969]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,417,1922]" captionTargetId="figure-148@24.[151,1435,417,1922]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 6068. Heligmothrips species thorax and antenna. (60) eiletus; (61) narrabri; (62) exallus; (63) xanthoskelus; (64) exallus; (65) xanthoskelus; (66) narrabri; (67) exallus antenna; (68) macropus pronotum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7138129" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7138129/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">Fig. 60</figureCitation>
); antennal segment IV with 2 sense cones; only micropterae known...................
<taxonomicName id="4C35D39BFF8FFFB5FAB2FB23FA5FAB3A" ID-CoL="6LJWF" authorityName="Mound" authorityYear="1970" box="[1374,1437,1261,1282]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Heligmothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eiletus">
<emphasis id="B941740AFF8FFFB5FAB2FB23FA5FAB3A" box="[1374,1437,1261,1282]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">eiletus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8AA818FF8FFFB5FF7BFAC5FA5EAB06" blockId="17.[151,1437,1231,1342]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">
<keyLead id="30C40B2DFF8FFFB5FF7BFAC5FA5EAB06" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">
-. Maxillary stylets arranged posterolaterally into series of irregular loops, without regular and tight coils (
<figureCitation id="130EB49DFF8FFFB5FB52FAC4FAEFAB18" box="[1214,1325,1290,1312]" captionStart="FIGURES 5159" captionStartId="21.[151,264,1867,1891]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1844]" captionTargetId="figure-18@21.[151,1435,181,1844]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURES 5159. Heligmothrips species heads and stylets. (51) brevidens; (52) erinaceus; (53) gracilior; (54) eiletus; (55) eiletus larva; (56) exallus; (57) macropus; (58) narrabri; (59) xantoskelus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7138123" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7138123/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">Figs 53, 56</figureCitation>
); metanotal median setae slender and pointed, antennal segment IV with 3 sense cones; only macropterae known................... 6
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30C1B0BDFF8FFFB5FF7BFAACFA5EAB8A" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">
<paragraph id="8B8AA818FF8FFFB5FF7BFAACFA5FABAD" blockId="17.[151,1437,1378,1459]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">
<keyLead id="30C40B2DFF8FFFB5FF7BFAACFA5FABAD" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">
6. Head longer than wide (
<figureCitation id="130EB49DFF8FFFB5FE21FAACFDD7AB40" box="[461,533,1378,1400]" captionStart="FIGURES 5159" captionStartId="21.[151,264,1867,1891]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1844]" captionTargetId="figure-18@21.[151,1435,181,1844]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURES 5159. Heligmothrips species heads and stylets. (51) brevidens; (52) erinaceus; (53) gracilior; (54) eiletus; (55) eiletus larva; (56) exallus; (57) macropus; (58) narrabri; (59) xantoskelus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7138123" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7138123/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">Fig. 56</figureCitation>
), pronotum slender but slightly wider than long, narrower than prothorax width; body colour light brown with weak sculpture................................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C35D39BFF8FFFB5FACEFA4EFAA4ABAD" ID-CoL="9H5G5" authority="Mound &amp; Tree &amp; Wells, 2022" authorityName="Mound &amp; Tree &amp; Wells" authorityYear="2022" box="[1314,1382,1408,1429]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Heligmothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exallus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B941740AFF8FFFB5FACEFA4EFAA4ABAD" box="[1314,1382,1408,1429]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">exallus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B941740AFF8FFFB5FA80FA4EFA5FABAD" bold="true" box="[1388,1437,1408,1429]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A272C971FF8FFFB5FA80FA4EFA5FABAD" box="[1388,1437,1408,1429]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" rank="species">sp.n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8AA818FF8FFFB5FF7BFA53FA5EAB8A" blockId="17.[151,1437,1378,1459]" box="[151,1436,1437,1459]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">
<keyLead id="30C40B2DFF8FFFB5FF7BFA53FA5EAB8A" box="[151,1436,1437,1459]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">-. Head and pronotum clearly wider than long; body dark brown with head and metanotum strongly reticulate............. 7</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30C1B0BDFF8FFFB5FF7BFA16FA5EA832" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">
<paragraph id="8B8AA818FF8FFFB5FF7BFA16FA5FABD5" blockId="17.[151,1437,1496,1547]" box="[151,1437,1496,1518]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">
<keyLead id="30C40B2DFF8FFFB5FF7BFA16FA5FABD5" box="[151,1437,1496,1518]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">
7. All femora and tibiae yellow or brownish yellow..............................................
<taxonomicName id="4C35D39BFF8FFFB5FB06FA16FAA4ABD5" ID-CoL="9H5G7" authority="Mound &amp; Tree &amp; Wells, 2022" authorityName="Mound &amp; Tree &amp; Wells" authorityYear="2022" box="[1258,1382,1496,1517]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Heligmothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xanthoskelus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B941740AFF8FFFB5FB06FA16FAA4ABD5" box="[1258,1382,1496,1517]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">xanthoskelus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B941740AFF8FFFB5FA80FA16FA5FABD5" bold="true" box="[1388,1437,1496,1517]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A272C971FF8FFFB5FA80FA16FA5FABD5" box="[1388,1437,1496,1517]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" rank="species">sp.n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8AA818FF8FFFB5FF7BFA3BFA5EA832" blockId="17.[151,1437,1496,1547]" box="[151,1436,1525,1547]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">
<keyLead id="30C40B2DFF8FFFB5FF7BFA3BFA5EA832" box="[151,1436,1525,1547]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">- All femora dark brown, also mid and hind tibiae............................................................. 8</keyLead>
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<paragraph id="8B8AA818FF8FFFB5FF7BF9FEFA5EA85B" blockId="17.[151,1437,1584,1694]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">
<keyLead id="30C40B2DFF8FFFB5FF7BF9FEFA5EA85B" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">
8 Pronotal major setae dark brown; maxillary stylets cross over each other in head at level of postocular setae, then often re-cross through a sharp angle at base of head, before producing two broad curves laterally (
<figureCitation id="130EB49DFF8FFFB5FBE8F983FB88A85B" box="[1028,1098,1613,1635]" captionStart="FIGURES 5159" captionStartId="21.[151,264,1867,1891]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1844]" captionTargetId="figure-18@21.[151,1435,181,1844]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURES 5159. Heligmothrips species heads and stylets. (51) brevidens; (52) erinaceus; (53) gracilior; (54) eiletus; (55) eiletus larva; (56) exallus; (57) macropus; (58) narrabri; (59) xantoskelus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7138123" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7138123/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">Fig. 52</figureCitation>
)...................
<taxonomicName id="4C35D39BFF8FFFB5FAD3F980FA5EA85B" ID-CoL="58L9V" authorityName="Karny" authorityYear="1920" box="[1343,1436,1614,1635]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Trichothrips" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erinaceus">
<emphasis id="B941740AFF8FFFB5FAD3F980FA5EA85B" box="[1343,1436,1614,1635]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">erinaceus</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="8B8AA818FF8FFFB5FF7BF9A5FA5EA8A5" blockId="17.[151,1437,1584,1694]" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">
<keyLead id="30C40B2DFF8FFFB5FF7BF9A5FA5EA8A5" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">
-. Pronotal major setae pale; maxillary stylets cross over each other in head at the level of the postocular setae, then re-cross and produce a series of three large and complex hoops
<figureCitation id="130EB49DFF8FFFB5FD25F946FCCCA8A5" box="[713,782,1671,1694]" captionStart="FIGURES 5159" captionStartId="21.[151,264,1867,1891]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1844]" captionTargetId="figure-18@21.[151,1435,181,1844]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURES 5159. Heligmothrips species heads and stylets. (51) brevidens; (52) erinaceus; (53) gracilior; (54) eiletus; (55) eiletus larva; (56) exallus; (57) macropus; (58) narrabri; (59) xantoskelus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7138123" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7138123/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">Fig. 53</figureCitation>
)..............................................
<taxonomicName id="4C35D39BFF8FFFB5FAABF946FA5EA8A5" ID-CoL="6LJYC" baseAuthorityName="Hood" baseAuthorityYear="1918" box="[1351,1436,1672,1693]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Heligmothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="318" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gracilior">
<emphasis id="B941740AFF8FFFB5FAABF946FA5EA8A5" box="[1351,1436,1672,1693]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="318">gracilior</emphasis>
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