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174 lines
30 KiB
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<document id="96F893BF70ED5D7AD294C0E8CD471621" ID-DOI="10.1206/0003-0090.457.1.1" ID-ISSN="0003-0090" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6971356" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1659882917898" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Beck, Robin M. D., Voss, Robert S. & Jansa, Sharon A." docDate="2022" docId="03EFDD5DF6D368C3D92FFAF81BBBF90D" docLanguage="en" docName="BulAmeMusNatHist.2022.457.1-350.pdf" docOrigin="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2022 (457)" docSource="https://bioone.org/journals/bulletin-of-the-american-museum-of-natural-history/volume-457/issue-1/0003-0090.457.1.1/Craniodental-Morphology-and-Phylogeny-of-Marsupials/10.1206/0003-0090.457.1.1.full" docStyle="DocumentStyle:915933466F796C9C739DF4DB6B8DCFA6.9:BulAmeMusNatHis.2011-.journal_article.1cover.type1" docStyleId="915933466F796C9C739DF4DB6B8DCFA6" docStyleName="BulAmeMusNatHis.2011-.journal_article.1cover.type1" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Vombatidae Burnett 1830" docType="treatment" docVersion="12" lastPageNumber="234" masterDocId="FFD6A525F63B6829DA0BFFAE1A62FFC7" masterDocTitle="Craniodental Morphology And Phylogeny Of Marsupials" masterLastPageNumber="353" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="232" updateTime="1699350301078" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="3766DF221897E5EC64EFFC5C2B5CDD68">Craniodental Morphology And Phylogeny Of Marsupials</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="9B092A83CBEF69D8CA8B74A7CD022902">Beck, Robin M. D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="61AA3A6FC8428D7D8CE17B9DF1451080">School of Science, Engineering and Environment University of Salford, U. K. & School of Biological, Earth & Environmental Sciences University of New South Wales, Australia & Division of Vertebrate Zoology (Mammalogy) American Museum of Natural History</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="37C31E9355315F678BBC826F5E7080F0">Voss, Robert S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="69D99597C2201BF668A03761212DD2D2">Division of Vertebrate Zoology (Mammalogy) American Museum of Natural History</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="D75B0F4DDF28EEEE813F578A722CC8D3">Jansa, Sharon A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="C49507BC34C595B3465765081E60451B">Bell Museum and Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior University of Minnesota</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="E029B4A2BD52CEC49C123E2BE27937D0">2022</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03EFDD5DF6D368C3D92FFAF81BBBF90D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7036167" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7036167" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EFDD5DF6D368C3D92FFAF81BBBF90D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EFDD5DF6D368C3D92FFAF81BBBF90D" lastPageId="234" lastPageNumber="234" pageId="232" pageNumber="232">
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<subSubSection id="C35C3FC0F6D368C1D92FFAF81E21FAA8" box="[804,1091,1366,1391]" pageId="232" pageNumber="232" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BF96C4BF6D368C1D92FFAF81E21FAA8" blockId="232.[804,1091,1366,1391]" box="[804,1091,1366,1391]" pageId="232" pageNumber="232">
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<heading id="D0B1DB27F6D368C1D92FFAF81E21FAA8" box="[804,1091,1366,1391]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="232" pageNumber="232" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6D368C1D92FFAF81E21FAA8" ID-CoL="HV8" authority="Burnett, 1830" authorityName="Burnett" authorityYear="1830" box="[804,1091,1366,1391]" class="Mammalia" family="Vombatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="232" pageNumber="232" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">
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Vombatidae
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6D368C1D9A4FAF91E21FAA8" author="Burnett, G." box="[943,1091,1367,1391]" pageId="232" pageNumber="232" pagination="336 - 353" refId="ref195938" refString="Burnett, G. 1830. Illustrations of the Quadrupeda, or quadrupeds; being the arrangement of the true four- footed beasts indicated in outline. Quarterly Journal of Science, Literature, and Art (Jul - Dec) 1830: 336 - 353." type="journal article" year="1830">Burnett, 1830</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35C3FC0F6D368C1D8C7FA261938FA06" pageId="232" pageNumber="232" type="synonymic_list">
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<paragraph id="8BF96C4BF6D368C1D8C7FA261938FA06" blockId="232.[684,1212,1416,1738]" pageId="232" pageNumber="232">
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CONTENTS:
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<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6D368C1D95FFA2619B1FA67" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1863" box="[852,979,1416,1440]" class="Mammalia" family="Vombatidae" genus="Lasiorhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="232" pageNumber="232" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B932B059F6D368C1D95FFA2619B1FA67" box="[852,979,1416,1440]" italics="true" pageId="232" pageNumber="232">Lasiorhinus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6D368C1D9EFFA261E31FA67" authorityName="E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire" authorityYear="1803" box="[996,1107,1416,1440]" class="Mammalia" family="Vombatidae" genus="Vombatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="232" pageNumber="232" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B932B059F6D368C1D9EFFA261E31FA67" box="[996,1107,1416,1440]" italics="true" pageId="232" pageNumber="232">Vombatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(fig. 45), and †
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<emphasis id="B932B059F6D368C1D8E1FA071938FA06" box="[746,858,1449,1473]" italics="true" pageId="232" pageNumber="232">
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<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6D368C1D8E1FA071934FA06" authorityName="Hope & Wilkinson" authorityYear="1982" box="[746,854,1449,1473]" class="Mammalia" family="Vombatidae" genus="Warendja" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="232" pageNumber="232" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Warendja</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35C3FC0F6D368C3D8C7FA641B34FEB9" lastPageId="234" lastPageNumber="234" pageId="232" pageNumber="232" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BF96C4BF6D368C1D8C7FA64188EF9C4" blockId="232.[684,1212,1416,1738]" pageId="232" pageNumber="232">STEM AGE: 22.3 Mya (95% HPD: 17.0–27.9 Mya).</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF96C4BF6D368C1D8C7F9A2188EF981" blockId="232.[684,1212,1416,1738]" pageId="232" pageNumber="232">CROWN AGE: 11.4 Mya (95% HPD: 3.7–19.1 Mya).</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF96C4BF6D368C3D8C7F9E11B34FEB9" blockId="232.[684,1212,1416,1738]" lastBlockId="234.[108,637,225,1738]" lastPageId="234" lastPageNumber="234" pageId="232" pageNumber="232">UNAMBIGUOUS CRANIODENTAL SYNAPOMORPHIES: Masseteric process absent (char. 6: 1→0; ci = 0.125); hypotympanic sinus floor formed by squmosal only (char. 56: 0→1; ci = 0.667); postglenoid process of squamosal absent (char. 75: 0→1; ci = 0.200); P3 open-rooted (char. 123: 1→3; ci = 0.385); and molars with open roots, the crowns growing throughout adulthood (char. 128: 0→1; ci = 1.000).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption id="DF393CC3F6D268C0DA66F9FC1ABCF964" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6971459" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6971459" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6971459/files/figure.png" pageId="233" pageNumber="233" startId="233.[109,151,1618,1639]" targetBox="[109,1213,224,1592]" targetPageId="233">
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<paragraph id="8BF96C4BF6D268C0DA66F9FC1ABCF964" blockId="233.[109,1215,1616,1699]" pageId="233" pageNumber="233">
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FIG. 45.
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<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6D268C0DACCF9FE1B18F9AF" baseAuthorityName="Shaw" baseAuthorityYear="1800" box="[199,378,1616,1640]" class="Mammalia" family="Vombatidae" genus="Vombatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="233" pageNumber="233" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ursinus">
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<emphasis id="B932B059F6D268C0DACCF9FE1B18F9AF" box="[199,378,1616,1640]" italics="true" pageId="233" pageNumber="233">Vombatus ursinus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6D268C0DB83F9FE187CF9AF" authorityName="Owen" authorityYear="1866" box="[392,542,1616,1640]" class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="233" pageNumber="233" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Diprotodontia</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6D268C0D822F9FE18C7F9AF" authorityName="Burnett" authorityYear="1830" box="[553,677,1616,1640]" class="Mammalia" family="Vombatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="233" pageNumber="233" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Vombatidae</taxonomicName>
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; based on AMNH 200456, an adult of unknown sex from Tasmania, with missing dental elements reconstructed from AMNH 65622, an adult female from Tasmania).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection id="C35C3FC0F6D168C3DA87FE291BBBF90D" pageId="234" pageNumber="234" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BF96C4BF6D168C3DA87FE29181EFA25" blockId="234.[108,637,225,1738]" pageId="234" pageNumber="234">
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COMMENTS: All our morphological, molecular, and total-evidence analyses recover monophyly of
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<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6D168C3DB10FE671BC7FE26" authorityName="Burnett" authorityYear="1830" box="[283,421,457,481]" class="Mammalia" family="Vombatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="234" pageNumber="234" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Vombatidae</taxonomicName>
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(
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<figureCitation id="137D70CEF6D168C3DBB2FE671823FE26" box="[441,577,457,481]" captionStart-0="FIG" captionStart-1="FIG" captionStart-2="FIG" captionStart-3="FIG" captionStart-4="FIG" captionStart-5="FIG" captionStart-6="FIG" captionStartId-0="172.[107,149,1310,1331]" captionStartId-1="173.[108,150,1286,1307]" captionStartId-2="175.[108,148,1247,1268]" captionStartId-3="176.[108,148,1354,1375]" captionStartId-4="178.[108,150,1330,1351]" captionStartId-5="179.[108,150,1262,1283]" captionStartId-6="181.[108,150,938,959]" captionTargetBox-0="[108,1182,229,1274]" captionTargetBox-1="[113,1168,231,1252]" captionTargetBox-2="[128,1155,229,1215]" captionTargetBox-3="[125,1195,236,1325]" captionTargetBox-4="[114,1186,237,1297]" captionTargetBox-5="[132,1186,227,1231]" captionTargetId-0="figure-128@172.[107,1211,224,1284]" captionTargetId-1="figure-136@173.[108,1212,224,1256]" captionTargetId-2="figure-208@175.[108,1212,224,1221]" captionTargetId-3="figure-100@176.[108,1212,224,1328]" captionTargetId-4="figure-125@178.[108,1212,224,1301]" captionTargetId-5="figure-164@179.[131,1190,224,1235]" captionTargetId-6="figure-12@181.[241,1216,224,1485]" captionTargetPageId-0="172" captionTargetPageId-1="173" captionTargetPageId-2="175" captionTargetPageId-3="176" captionTargetPageId-4="178" captionTargetPageId-5="179" captionTargetPageId-6="181" captionText-0="FIG. 27. Fifty-percent majority rule consensus of post-burn-in trees that results from Bayesian analysis of our nuclear sequence-only dataset. Black dots at nodes indicate ≥0.95 Bayesian posterior probability (“strong support”); dark gray dots indicate 0.75–0.94 Bayesian posterior probability (“moderate support”); light gray dots indicate 0.50–0.74 Bayesian posterior probability (“weak support”)." captionText-1="FIG. 28. Fifty-percent majority rule consensus of post-burn-in trees that results from undated Bayesian analysis of our mitochondrial sequence-only dataset. Black dots at nodes indicate ≥0.95 Bayesian posterior probability (“strong support”); dark gray dots indicate 0.75–0.94 Bayesian posterior probability (“moderate support”); light gray dots indicate 0.50–0.74 Bayesian posterior probability (“weak support”)." captionText-2="FIG. 29. Fifty-percent majority rule consensus of post-burn-in trees that results from undated Bayesian analysis of our combined nuclear and mitochondrial sequence dataset. Black dots at nodes indicate ≥0.95 Bayesian posterior probability (“strong support”); dark gray dots indicate 0.75–0.94 Bayesian posterior probability (“moderate support”); light gray dots indicate 0.50–0.74 Bayesian posterior probability (“weak support”)." captionText-3="FIG. 30. Strict consensus of 99,999 most parsimonious trees (each of 949 steps, consistency index =0.269, retention index = 0.815) that result from maximum parsimony analysis of our morphological dataset. Black dots at nodes indicate ≥70% bootstrap support (“strong support”); dark gray dots indicate 50%–69% bootstrap support (“moderate support”); light gray dots indicate <50 bootstrap support (“weak support”)." captionText-4="FIG. 31. Fifty-percent majority rule consensus of post-burn-in trees that results from undated Bayesian analysis of our morphological dataset. Black dots at nodes indicate ≥0.95 Bayesian posterior probability (“strong support”); dark gray dots indicate 0.75–0.94 Bayesian posterior probability (“moderate support”); light gray dots indicate 0.50–0.74 Bayesian posterior probability (“weak support”)." captionText-5="FIG. 32. Fifty-percent majority rule consensus of post-burn-in trees that results from undated Bayesian analysis of our total evidence dataset. Black dots at nodes indicate ≥0.95 Bayesian posterior probability (“strong support”); dark gray dots indicate 0.75–0.94 Bayesian posterior probability (“moderate support”); light gray dots indicate 0.50–0.74 Bayesian posterior probability (“weak support”)." captionText-6="FIG. 33. (opposite page and at right) Fifty-per- cent majority rule consensus of post-burn-in trees that results from dated Bayesian analysis (using combined tip-and-node dating and separate Independent Gamma Rates [IGR] clock models for the molecular and morpho- logical partitions) of our total evidence data- set. Black dots at nodes indicate ≥0.95 Bayesian posterior probability (“strong support”); dark gray dots indicate 0.75–0.94 Bayesian poste- rior probability (“moderate support”); light gray dots indicate 0.50–0.74 Bayesian poste- rior probability (“weak support”). Nodes with- out dots were constrained a priori so that their ages could be calibrated (see tables 6, 13). Orange bars represent 95% Highest Posterior Density (HPD) intervals on the ages of nodes. For clarity, 95% HPD intervals are not shown for the ages of fossil terminals." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6971420" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6971422" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6971424" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6971426" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6971428" figureDoi-5="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6971431" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/6971420/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/6971422/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/6971424/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/6971426/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/6971428/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/6971431/files/figure.png" pageId="234" pageNumber="234">figs. 27–33</figureCitation>
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). We have included only hypselodont vombatids among our terminals, and hence the presence of open-rooted P3 and open-rooted molars optimize as unambiguous synapomorphies for the family; however, putative vombatids with rooted P3 and rooted molars are known (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6D168C3DA7FFD1E1B04FD0F" author="Stirton" box="[116,358,688,712]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Stirton" pageId="234" pageNumber="234" pagination="427 - 461" refId="ref228604" refString="Stirton, R. A., R. H. Tedford, and M. O. Woodburne. 1967 b. A new Tertiary formation and fauna from the Tirari Desert, South Australia. Records of the South Australian Museum 15: 427 - 461." type="journal article" year="1967" yearSuffix="b">Stirton et al., 1967b</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6D168C3DB7DFD1F1874FD0E" author="Murray, P. F." box="[374,534,689,713]" pageId="234" pageNumber="234" pagination="1 - 33" refId="ref218685" refString="Murray, P. F. 1998. Palaeontology and palaeobiology of wombats. In R. T. Wells and P. A. Pridmore (editors), Wombats: 1 - 33. Chipping Norton: Surrey Beatty and Sons." type="book chapter" year="1998">Murray, 1998</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6D168C3D82DFD1F1AC7FD2D" author="Brewer, P." pageId="234" pageNumber="234" refId="ref195117" refString="Brewer, P. 2008. Palaeontology of primitive wombats. Ph. D. dissertation, School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney." type="book" year="2008">Brewer, 2008</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6D168C3DAB8FD7C1BEDFD2D" author="Brewer, P. & M. Archer & S. Hand" box="[179,399,722,746]" pageId="234" pageNumber="234" pagination="1144 - 1148" refId="ref195196" refString="Brewer, P., M. Archer, and S. Hand. 2008. Additional specimens of the oldest wombat Rhizophascolonus crowcrofti (Vombatidae; Marsupialia) from the Wipajiri Formation, South Australia: an intermediate morphology? Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 28 (4): 1144 - 1148." type="journal article" year="2008">Brewer et al., 2008</bibRefCitation>
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,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6D168C3DB95FD7F1BB4FD2E" author="Brewer, P. & M. Archer & S. J. Hand & R. Abel" box="[414,470,721,745]" pageId="234" pageNumber="234" pagination="1 - 40" refId="ref195250" refString="Brewer, P., M. Archer, S. J. Hand, and R. Abel. 2015. New genus of primitive wombat (Vombatidae, Marsupialia) from Miocene deposits in the Riversleigh World Heritage Area (Queensland, Australia). Palaeontologia Electronica 8.1.9 A: 1 - 40." type="book chapter" year="2015">2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6D168C3DBEEFD7C187DFD2D" author="Brewer, P. & M. Archer & S. Hand & G. Price" box="[485,543,722,746]" pageId="234" pageNumber="234" pagination="1 - 48" refId="ref195306" refString="Brewer, P., M. Archer, S. Hand, and G. Price. 2018. A new species of Miocene wombat (Marsupialia, Vombatiformes) from Riversleigh, Queensland, Australia, and implications for the evolutionary history of the Vombatidae. Palaeontologia Electronica: 21.2.27 A: 1 - 48." type="book chapter" year="2018">2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), so the inclusion of such plesiomorphic taxa in future analyses may erode dental character support for the family. The other two unambiguous craniodental synapomorphies identified here are in the glenoid region (namely absence of a masseteric process and absence of a postglenoid process of the squamosal) and are presumably correlated with the unusual masticatory pattern of hypselodont vombatids, in which jaw movement during the power stroke of mastication is primarily or exclusively transverse (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6D168C3DB3EFBF01874FBB0" author="Ferreira, J. M. & P. P. Phakey & J. Palamara" box="[309,534,1118,1143]" pageId="234" pageNumber="234" pagination="141 - 149" refId="ref201561" refString="Ferreira, J. M., P. P. Phakey, and J. Palamara. 1989. Electron microscopic investigation relating the occlusal morphology to the underlying enamel structure of molar teeth of the wombat (Vombatus ursinus). Journal of Morphology 200: 141 - 149." type="journal article" year="1989">Ferreira et al., 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6D168C3D829FBF11AC4FB5F" author="Murray, P. F." pageId="234" pageNumber="234" pagination="1 - 33" refId="ref218685" refString="Murray, P. F. 1998. Palaeontology and palaeobiology of wombats. In R. T. Wells and P. A. Pridmore (editors), Wombats: 1 - 33. Chipping Norton: Surrey Beatty and Sons." type="book chapter" year="1998">Murray, 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6D168C3DAB3FB2E1BABFB5F" author="Crompton, A. W. & D. E. Lieberman & T. Owerkowicz & R. V. Baudinette & J. Skinner" box="[184,457,1151,1176]" pageId="234" pageNumber="234" pagination="83 - 111" refId="ref199062" refString="Crompton, A. W., D. E. Lieberman, T. Owerkowicz, R. V. Baudinette, and J. Skinner. 2008. Motor control of masticatory movements in the southern hairynosed wombat (Lasiorhinus latifrons). In C. J. Vinyard, M. J. Ravosa, and C. E. Wall (editors), Primate craniofacial function and biology: 83 - 111. New York: Springer." type="book chapter" year="2008">Crompton et al., 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6D168C3DBD1FB2E1AC5FB7F" author="Brewer, P. & M. Archer & S. J. Hand & R. Abel" pageId="234" pageNumber="234" pagination="1 - 40" refId="ref195250" refString="Brewer, P., M. Archer, S. J. Hand, and R. Abel. 2015. New genus of primitive wombat (Vombatidae, Marsupialia) from Miocene deposits in the Riversleigh World Heritage Area (Queensland, Australia). Palaeontologia Electronica 8.1.9 A: 1 - 40." type="book chapter" year="2015">Brewer et al., 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The oldest vombatids known from dental material (the early Miocene †
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6D168C3DBFCFB6C1ACBFB3C" authorityName="Brewer, Archer, Hand & Abel" authorityYear="2015" class="Mammalia" family="Vombatidae" genus="Nimbavombatus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="234" pageNumber="234" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932B059F6D168C3DBFCFB6C1ACBFB3C" italics="true" pageId="234" pageNumber="234">Nimbavombatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and †
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6D168C3DAF7FB4D1BA5FB3C" authorityName="Stirton, Tedford & Woodburne" authorityYear="1967" box="[252,455,1251,1275]" class="Mammalia" family="Vombatidae" genus="Rhizophascolonus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="234" pageNumber="234" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932B059F6D168C3DAF7FB4D1BA5FB3C" box="[252,455,1251,1275]" italics="true" pageId="234" pageNumber="234">Rhizophascolonus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6D168C3DBD0FB4D1AD0FADB" author="Stirton" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Stirton" pageId="234" pageNumber="234" pagination="427 - 461" refId="ref228604" refString="Stirton, R. A., R. H. Tedford, and M. O. Woodburne. 1967 b. A new Tertiary formation and fauna from the Tirari Desert, South Australia. Records of the South Australian Museum 15: 427 - 461." type="journal article" year="1967" yearSuffix="b">Stirton et al., 1967b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6D168C3DAB5FAAA1B34FADB" author="Murray, P. F." box="[190,342,1284,1308]" pageId="234" pageNumber="234" pagination="1 - 33" refId="ref218685" refString="Murray, P. F. 1998. Palaeontology and palaeobiology of wombats. In R. T. Wells and P. A. Pridmore (editors), Wombats: 1 - 33. Chipping Norton: Surrey Beatty and Sons." type="book chapter" year="1998">Murray, 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6D168C3DB69FAAA1856FADB" author="Brewer, P. & M. Archer & S. Hand" box="[354,564,1284,1308]" pageId="234" pageNumber="234" pagination="1144 - 1148" refId="ref195196" refString="Brewer, P., M. Archer, and S. Hand. 2008. Additional specimens of the oldest wombat Rhizophascolonus crowcrofti (Vombatidae; Marsupialia) from the Wipajiri Formation, South Australia: an intermediate morphology? Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 28 (4): 1144 - 1148." type="journal article" year="2008">Brewer et al., 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6D168C3D84BFAAA181AFADB" author="Brewer, P. & M. Archer & S. J. Hand & R. Abel" box="[576,632,1284,1308]" pageId="234" pageNumber="234" pagination="1 - 40" refId="ref195250" refString="Brewer, P., M. Archer, S. J. Hand, and R. Abel. 2015. New genus of primitive wombat (Vombatidae, Marsupialia) from Miocene deposits in the Riversleigh World Heritage Area (Queensland, Australia). Palaeontologia Electronica 8.1.9 A: 1 - 40." type="book chapter" year="2015">2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6D168C3DA67FA8B1AC6FAFA" author="Brewer, P. & M. Archer & S. Hand & G. Price" box="[108,164,1317,1341]" pageId="234" pageNumber="234" pagination="1 - 48" refId="ref195306" refString="Brewer, P., M. Archer, S. Hand, and G. Price. 2018. A new species of Miocene wombat (Marsupialia, Vombatiformes) from Riversleigh, Queensland, Australia, and implications for the evolutionary history of the Vombatidae. Palaeontologia Electronica: 21.2.27 A: 1 - 48." type="book chapter" year="2018">2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) are not hypselodont, and they appear to have had an orthal component to their power stroke; however, the morphology of the glenoid region of these taxa, which might be expected to be less specialized than those of hypselodont vombatids, is currently unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF96C4BF6D168C3DA86FA451BBBF90D" blockId="234.[108,637,225,1738]" pageId="234" pageNumber="234">
|
||
Our estimate for the divergence between †
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6D168C3DA72F9A21A80F9E3" authorityName="Hope & Wilkinson" authorityYear="1982" box="[121,226,1548,1572]" class="Mammalia" family="Vombatidae" genus="Warendja" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="234" pageNumber="234" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932B059F6D168C3DA72F9A21A80F9E3" box="[121,226,1548,1572]" italics="true" pageId="234" pageNumber="234">Warendja</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and extant vombatids (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6D168C3DBE9F9A2182FF9E3" authorityName="E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire" authorityYear="1803" box="[482,589,1548,1572]" class="Mammalia" family="Vombatidae" genus="Vombatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="234" pageNumber="234" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932B059F6D168C3DBE9F9A2182FF9E3" box="[482,589,1548,1572]" italics="true" pageId="234" pageNumber="234">Vombatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6D168C3DA67F9831A8BF982" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1863" box="[108,233,1581,1605]" class="Mammalia" family="Vombatidae" genus="Lasiorhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="234" pageNumber="234" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932B059F6D168C3DA67F9831A8BF982" box="[108,233,1581,1605]" italics="true" pageId="234" pageNumber="234">Lasiorhinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) is poorly constrained, with the 95% HPD extending into the Pliocene; this raises the possibility that the late Miocene †
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4617C8F6D168C3D81BF9C11AB9F96F" class="Mammalia" family="Vombatidae" genus="Warendja" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="234" pageNumber="234" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="encorensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932B059F6D168C3D81BF9C11AB9F96F" italics="true" pageId="234" pageNumber="234">Warendja encorensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may not belong to this genus (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6D168C3DA67F91C1B5BF90D" author="Brewer, P. & M. Archer & S. Hand & H. Godthelp" box="[108,313,1714,1738]" pageId="234" pageNumber="234" pagination="811 - 828" refId="ref195152" refString="Brewer, P., M. Archer, S. Hand, and H. Godthelp. 2007. A new species of the wombat Warendja from late Miocene deposits at Riversleigh, north-west Queensland. Palaeontology 50: 811 - 828." type="journal article" year="2007">Brewer et al., 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD711BAF6D168C3DB4FF91C1B19F90D" author="Brewer, P. & M. Archer & S. Hand & G. Price" box="[324,379,1714,1738]" pageId="234" pageNumber="234" pagination="1 - 48" refId="ref195306" refString="Brewer, P., M. Archer, S. Hand, and G. Price. 2018. A new species of Miocene wombat (Marsupialia, Vombatiformes) from Riversleigh, Queensland, Australia, and implications for the evolutionary history of the Vombatidae. Palaeontologia Electronica: 21.2.27 A: 1 - 48." type="book chapter" year="2018">2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 19).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |