136 lines
15 KiB
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136 lines
15 KiB
XML
<document id="10A86CB7BA9E012DC7F7267E390C8650" ID-CLB-Dataset="22331" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4772.1.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ddb62273-2007-405c-968b-ebd41b334d22" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3814013" ID-ZooBank="FA9664B5-0439-44E0-BDFA-485CF1C2CCEF" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1588834819207" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="James, Helen F." docDate="2020" docId="03B6CA67FFFFFFEEFF3FF8527BE8FD62" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4772.1.4.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4772 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Accipitrinae Vieillot 1816" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="120" masterDocId="FF8FB21FFFF7FFE7FFA8FF967F47FFEA" masterDocTitle="The Irvingtonian Avifauna of Cumberland Bone Cave, Maryland" masterLastPageNumber="131" masterPageNumber="111" pageNumber="119" updateTime="1732607442575" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="E64E77712E2F0E8CFEF468ED6195188A">The Irvingtonian Avifauna of Cumberland Bone Cave, Maryland</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="23979A07C853BD99F94CC4EC3D5B0D4C" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="B273044472E03956F3D8CF1D4E18C801">James, Helen F.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="3A272A48CDA6827565836EF6543C78C5">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="746EDC0B4B582D9189CA38C2EA9433E6">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="34EE96FA481FA155371FBC3FF4F37E01">
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<mods:date id="57822B5EF5385BF0D3E01ED4CCAFA5AB">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="E1FC2562C8BC6EE82573EA0DC31389B5">2020-05-07</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="7637F9CAE879AD4F82BBA8682351ADC9">4772</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="AD6A9F1302978A2EA846760F5E2C1A2B" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4772.1.4</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03B6CA67FFFFFFEEFF3FF8527BE8FD62" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3815448" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163975525" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3815448" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B6CA67FFFFFFEEFF3FF8527BE8FD62" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B6CA67FFFFFFEEFF3FF8527BE8FD62" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="120" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" scope_class="Aves" scope_family="Accipitridae" scope_order="Accipitriformes">
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<subSubSection id="C30528FAFFFFFFEFFF3FF8527E75F834" box="[151,306,1988,2014]" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BA07B71FFFFFFEFFF3FF8527E75F834" blockId="8.[151,306,1988,2014]" box="[151,306,1988,2014]" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">
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<heading id="D0E8CC1DFFFFFFEFFF3FF8527E75F834" bold="true" box="[151,306,1988,2014]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1F00F2FFFFFFEFFF3FF8527E75F834" ID-CoL="J3F" ID-ENA="8955" authorityName="Vieillot" authorityYear="1816" box="[151,306,1988,2014]" class="Aves" family="Accipitridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Accipitriformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Accipitrinae">
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<emphasis id="B96BA763FFFFFFEFFF3FF8527E75F834" bold="true" box="[151,306,1988,2014]" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">Accipitrinae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30528FAFFFEFFEEFF3FFF0F7CFFFF59" box="[151,952,153,180]" pageId="9" pageNumber="120" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BA07B71FFFEFFEEFF3FFF0F7CFFFF59" blockId="9.[151,952,153,180]" box="[151,952,153,180]" pageId="9" pageNumber="120">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1F00F2FFFEFFEEFF3FFF0F7EB9FF59" ID-CoL="FZLP" authority="(Linnaeus)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[151,510,153,180]" class="Aves" family="Accipitridae" genus="Aquila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Accipitriformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chrysaetos">
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<emphasis id="B96BA763FFFEFFEEFF3FFF0F7EB9FF59" bold="true" box="[151,510,153,180]" pageId="9" pageNumber="120">
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<emphasis id="B96BA763FFFEFFEEFF3FFF0F7E28FF5E" bold="true" box="[151,367,153,180]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="120">Aquila chrysaetos</emphasis>
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(Linnaeus)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="B96BA763FFFEFFEEFE56FF0C7D41FF5E" box="[510,518,154,180]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="120">/</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C1F00F2FFFEFFEEFDAEFF0F7CFFFF59" authority="Emslie & Czaplewski 1999" authorityName="Emslie & Czaplewski" authorityYear="1999" box="[518,952,153,180]" class="Aves" family="Accipitridae" genus="Aquila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Accipitriformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bivia">
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<emphasis id="B96BA763FFFEFFEEFDAEFF0F7D24FF5E" bold="true" box="[518,611,153,180]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="120">A. bivia</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8E0680FFFEFFEEFDC2FF0F7CFFFF59" author="Emslie, S. D. & Czaplewski, N. J." box="[618,952,153,179]" pageId="9" pageNumber="120" pagination="185 - 198" refId="ref13072" refString="Emslie, S. D. & Czaplewski, N. J. (1999) Two new fossil eagles from the late Pliocene (late Blancan) of Florida and Arizona and their biogeographic implications. Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology, 89, 185 - 198." type="journal article" year="1999">Emslie & Czaplewski 1999</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30528FAFFFEFFEEFF3FFF777C3CFF11" box="[151,891,225,252]" pageId="9" pageNumber="120" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BA07B71FFFEFFEEFF3FFF777C3CFF11" blockId="9.[151,1437,225,648]" box="[151,891,225,252]" pageId="9" pageNumber="120">
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<emphasis id="B96BA763FFFEFFEEFF3FFF777E41FF16" bold="true" box="[151,262,225,252]" pageId="9" pageNumber="120">Material.</emphasis>
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<collectionCode id="ED0EE3B4FFFEFFEEFEA5FF777E7EFF11" box="[269,313,225,251]" country="China" name="Chongqing Museum" pageId="9" pageNumber="120">CM</collectionCode>
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34018,
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<taxonomicName id="4C1F00F2FFFEFFEEFE3CFF747EB7FF11" box="[404,496,225,252]" pageId="9" pageNumber="120" rank="subSpecies" subSpecies="ungual">r ungual</taxonomicName>
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phalanx with tip and base missing.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30528FAFFFEFFEEFF6FFE937E62FE1D" pageId="9" pageNumber="120" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BA07B71FFFEFFEEFF6FFE937E62FE1D" blockId="9.[151,1437,225,648]" pageId="9" pageNumber="120">
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<emphasis id="B96BA763FFFEFFEEFF6FFE937E1EFECA" bold="true" box="[199,345,261,288]" pageId="9" pageNumber="120">Description.</emphasis>
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Corresponds in size and shape with the terminal phalanx of digits one (the hind toe) and two of an eagle.
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8E0680FFFEFFEEFEACFEBF7DEBFEA9" author="Brodkorb, P. & Mourer-Chauvire, C." box="[260,684,297,323]" pageId="9" pageNumber="120" pagination="39 - 43" refId="ref12403" refString="Brodkorb, P. & Mourer-Chauvire, C. (1984) Pleistocene Birds from Cumberland Cave, Maryland. In: Genoways, H. H. & Dawson, M. R. (Eds.), Contributions in Quaternary Vertebrate Paleontology: A Volume in Memorial to John E. Guilday. Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Special Publication No. 8, pp. 39 - 43." type="book chapter" year="1984">Brodkorb & Mourer-Chauviré (1984)</bibRefCitation>
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referred it to
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<taxonomicName id="4C1F00F2FFFEFFEEFCE2FEBC7CA4FEA9" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[842,995,297,324]" class="Aves" family="Accipitridae" genus="Aquila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Accipitriformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chrysaetos">
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<emphasis id="B96BA763FFFEFFEEFCE2FEBC7CA4FEA9" box="[842,995,297,324]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="120">A. chrysaetos</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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rather than
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<taxonomicName id="4C1F00F2FFFEFFEEFBC5FEBC7A77FEA9" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1766" box="[1133,1328,297,323]" class="Aves" family="Accipitridae" genus="Haliaeetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Accipitriformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leucocephalus">
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<emphasis id="B96BA763FFFEFFEEFBC5FEBC7A77FEA9" box="[1133,1328,297,323]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="120">H. leucocephalus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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based on large overall size and more gentle distal tapering of the claw core (plantar view), implying a longer claw. Based on these criteria, I found it to be larger than all comparative specimens of
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<taxonomicName id="4C1F00F2FFFEFFEEFC72FEE47BDBFE61" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1766" box="[986,1180,369,395]" class="Aves" family="Accipitridae" genus="Haliaeetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Accipitriformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leucocephalus">
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<emphasis id="B96BA763FFFEFFEEFC72FEE47BDBFE61" box="[986,1180,369,395]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="120">H. leucocephalus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and most comparative skeletons of
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<emphasis id="B96BA763FFFEFFEEFE8CFE007E85FE45" box="[292,450,405,432]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="120">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1F00F2FFFEFFEEFE8CFE007EF9FE45" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[292,446,405,432]" class="Aves" family="Accipitridae" genus="Aquila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Accipitriformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chrysaetos">A. chrysaetos</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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It agrees well in size and shape with one comparative skeleton of
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<taxonomicName id="4C1F00F2FFFEFFEEFB0DFE007A7BFE45" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[1189,1340,405,432]" class="Aves" family="Accipitridae" genus="Aquila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Accipitriformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chrysaetos">
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<emphasis id="B96BA763FFFEFFEEFB0DFE007A7BFE45" box="[1189,1340,405,432]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="120">A. chrysaetos</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(USNM BIRDS 19724). However, the possibility that it belongs to the larger early Irvingtonian species
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<taxonomicName id="4C1F00F2FFFEFFEEFB69FE2F7A0CFE39" authorityName="Emslie & Czaplewski" authorityYear="1999" box="[1217,1355,441,467]" class="Aves" family="Accipitridae" genus="Aquila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Accipitriformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bivia">
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<emphasis id="B96BA763FFFEFFEEFB69FE2F7A0CFE39" box="[1217,1355,441,467]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="120">Aquila bivia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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cannot be excluded.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30528FAFFFEFFEEFF6FFD947BE8FD62" pageId="9" pageNumber="120" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BA07B71FFFEFFEEFF6FFD947BE8FD62" blockId="9.[151,1437,225,648]" pageId="9" pageNumber="120">
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<emphasis id="B96BA763FFFEFFEEFF6FFD947E7CFDF6" bold="true" box="[199,315,514,540]" pageId="9" pageNumber="120">Remarks.</emphasis>
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This large ungual phalanx appears to be attributable either to the Golden Eagle (
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<taxonomicName id="4C1F00F2FFFEFFEEFB69FD947A1FFDF1" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[1217,1368,513,540]" class="Aves" family="Accipitridae" genus="Aquila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Accipitriformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chrysaetos">
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<emphasis id="B96BA763FFFEFFEEFB69FD947A1FFDF1" box="[1217,1368,513,540]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="120">A. chrysaetos</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) or to a larger, early Irvingtonian species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C1F00F2FFFEFFEEFD93FDB37DC1FDD5" box="[571,646,549,575]" class="Aves" family="Accipitridae" genus="Aquila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Accipitriformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B96BA763FFFEFFEEFD93FDB37DC1FDD5" box="[571,646,549,575]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="120">Aquila</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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described from
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<collectingRegion id="49DBB593FFFEFFEEFC93FDB37CCBFDD5" box="[827,908,549,575]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="9" pageNumber="120">Florida</collectingRegion>
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and
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<collectingRegion id="49DBB593FFFEFFEEFC17FDB37B5EFDD5" box="[959,1049,549,575]" country="United States of America" name="Arizona" pageId="9" pageNumber="120">Arizona</collectingRegion>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8E0680FFFEFFEEFB8FFDB37A19FDD5" author="Emslie, S. D. & Czaplewski, N. J." box="[1063,1374,549,575]" pageId="9" pageNumber="120" pagination="185 - 198" refId="ref13072" refString="Emslie, S. D. & Czaplewski, N. J. (1999) Two new fossil eagles from the late Pliocene (late Blancan) of Florida and Arizona and their biogeographic implications. Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology, 89, 185 - 198." type="journal article" year="1999">Emslie & Czaplewski 1999</bibRefCitation>
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). The modern distribution of the Golden Eagle in North America is primarily in the west, but the species does have a rarely observed wintering population in the region of Cumberland Bone Cave (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8E0680FFFEFFEEFC6BFDFB7BE5FD62" author="Brodeur, S. & Decarie, R. & Bird, D. M. & Fuller, M." box="[963,1186,621,648]" pageId="9" pageNumber="120" pagination="293 - 299" refId="ref12249" refString="Brodeur, S., Decarie, R., Bird, D. M. & Fuller, M. (1996) Complete migration cycle of Golden Eagles breeding in northern Quebec. The Condor, 98, 293 - 299. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1369147" type="journal article" year="1996">
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Brodeur
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<emphasis id="B96BA763FFFEFFEEFB8FFDF87B27FD6D" box="[1063,1120,621,647]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="120">et al.</emphasis>
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1996
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</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |