553 lines
67 KiB
XML
553 lines
67 KiB
XML
<document id="DBBC8952D23003096DFE8E0786910C20" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.183111" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e4497da7-6a51-4cd4-a31b-c25739fcfe59" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="183111" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459892080520" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Gershwin, Lisa-Ann & Zeidler, Wolfgang" docDate="2008" docId="03B13020706EFFD2FF6FD703FE3D1E9F" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01826p068.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1826" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleId="6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Cladonema timmsii Gershwin & Zeidler, 2008, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="65" masterDocId="FF884858706FFFD4FFF8D44CFF8F1B45" masterDocTitle="Cladonema timmsii, a new species of hydromedusa (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from a salt lake in South Australia" masterLastPageNumber="68" masterPageNumber="59" pageNumber="60" updateTime="1698228100678" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="B4A73E8532A29D08A6D46933EE77958D" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="F2DAD4CFE6973BC3818D32FB5F056639">
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<mods:title id="28B738E79A8136FC0AC57FB2F168F1A3">Cladonema timmsii, a new species of hydromedusa (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from a salt lake in South Australia</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="7E8E8641F540F159232F7DF6C60A25CB" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="EAD4AB783045598730C790E42D1E4FD5">
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<mods:roleTerm id="34CFCF248D6C1DD1C4E775AE02470086">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="37E21A1A1F2CFA87B4F998BC10B63D1D">Gershwin, Lisa-Ann</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="C6C05C75831575D260B6D2E2F4329745" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="9815F2A00291D8C111581EE63AE270F0">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="D54568506515966FC9023B1785EB3CFC">Zeidler, Wolfgang</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="54C92B3C1CB042439A98CC2F6491A8FC">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="5B4AA45C5C5605BAE26AF2DAA253DB8A">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="68357A8FD6431F92FA7A938BA2555156">
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<mods:date id="CAE868A68BD422599B87B3C0335589AC">2008</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="704CA661B502FCE84F0E1D7C3AD568DA" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="456804D18B66CF57488C4F55ECF73171">1826</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="A5D6A70A3C1490A5799A905C07FEA899">59</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="08936036EAF4A0D79C1F4F28A10C5316">68</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="CA7F0A54E1FD0FC194932A8AFA30477C">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="55581C7D0E0E4E28294A97EA609B2860" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.183111</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="5AAD7114754786A74B8FC38DA6CAFD9E" type="GBIF-Dataset">e4497da7-6a51-4cd4-a31b-c25739fcfe59</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="4007CF738CD76AE0A050C75B77F3E8E9" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="AC2FA4EC4900FB9FDC6D9199D027E159" type="Zenodo-Dep">183111</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03B13020706EFFD2FF6FD703FE3D1E9F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5679195" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119372109" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5679195" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B13020706EFFD2FF6FD703FE3D1E9F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B13020706EFFD2FF6FD703FE3D1E9F" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="65" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
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<subSubSection id="C302D2BD706EFFD5FF6FD703FEAD18C9" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BA78136706EFFD5FF6FD703FE68182C" blockId="1.[151,487,847,908]" box="[151,487,847,873]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
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<heading id="D0EF365A706EFFD5FF6FD703FE68182C" bold="true" box="[151,487,847,873]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B96C5D24706EFFD5FF6FD703FE68182C" bold="true" box="[151,487,847,873]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C18FAB5706EFFD5FF6FD703FE0C182C" ID-CoL="VPBR" box="[151,387,847,873]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Cladonematidae" genus="Cladonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="timmsii" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B96C5D24706EFFD5FF6FD703FE0C182C" bold="true" box="[151,387,847,873]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Cladonema timmsii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25FE05F706EFFD5FE71D703FE68182C" box="[393,487,847,873]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA78136706EFFD5FF6FD73EFEAD18C9" blockId="1.[151,487,847,908]" box="[151,290,882,908]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
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<figureCitation id="13239DB3706EFFD5FF6FD73EFE8A18C9" box="[151,261,882,908]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1963,1987]" captionTargetBox="[227,1345,614,1924]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[220,1367,597,1937]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Cladonema timmsii, n. sp., holotype female. A. Whole animal, lateral view. B. Tentacle bulb and tentacle, abaxial view. C. Tentacle bulb and tentacle, lateral view. D. Bell, aboral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/183112/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Figures 1</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13239DB3706EFFD5FEEBD73EFEAD18C9" box="[275,290,882,908]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,255,1270,1294]" captionTargetBox="[220,1364,511,1228]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[212,1374,501,1238]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Cladonema timmsii, n. sp., allotype male. A. Whole animal, lateral view. B. Bell, aboral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/183113/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">2</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C302D2BD706EFFD5FF6FD78EFC1D1F39" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BA78136706EFFD5FF6FD78EFF611F69" blockId="1.[151,1437,962,2028]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
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<emphasis id="B96C5D24706EFFD5FF6FD78EFE021899" bold="true" box="[151,397,962,988]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Material examined.</emphasis>
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<typeStatus id="54A33F94706EFFD5FE6ED78EFD8E189E" box="[406,513,962,987]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" type="holotype">
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<emphasis id="B96C5D24706EFFD5FE6ED78EFD8E189E" box="[406,513,962,987]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Holotype</emphasis>
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</typeStatus>
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:
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<collectionCode id="ED0919F3706EFFD5FDEBD78EFDDC1899" box="[531,595,962,988]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mhew-9czz" name="South African Museum" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">SAM</collectionCode>
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H1570, Blue Lagoon near Cactus Beach, via Penong, South
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<collectingCountry id="F30FC1A6706EFFD5FAC8D78EFA141899" box="[1328,1435,962,988]" name="Australia" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Australia</collectingCountry>
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[approx.
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<geoCoordinate id="EE2CE7F1706EFFD5FEFDD7A6FEE81F41" box="[261,359,1002,1028]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" precision="925" value="-32.083332">32°05’S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE2CE7F1706EFFD5FE80D7A6FE611F41" box="[376,494,1002,1028]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" precision="925" value="133.0">133°00’E</geoCoordinate>
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], coll. by B. V. Timms,
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<date id="FFA6A7F6706EFFD5FCE7D7A6FC601F41" box="[799,1007,1002,1028]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" value="2006-10-11">11 October 2006</date>
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;
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<quantity id="4CE02CD3706EFFD5FC07D7A6FBEF1F41" box="[1023,1120,1002,1028]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.16" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" unit="mm" value="2.16">2.16mm</quantity>
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BH,
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<quantity id="4CE02CD3706EFFD5FB50D7A6FA861F41" box="[1192,1289,1002,1028]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.96" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" unit="mm" value="1.96">1.96mm</quantity>
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BD, gravid female.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA78136706EFFD5FF3DD076FC1D1F39" blockId="1.[151,1437,962,2028]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
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<emphasis id="B96C5D24706EFFD5FF3DD076FEA91F16" box="[197,294,1082,1107]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Allotype</emphasis>
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:
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<collectionCode id="ED0919F3706EFFD5FEC3D076FEF41F11" box="[315,379,1082,1108]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mhew-9czz" name="South African Museum" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">SAM</collectionCode>
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H1573, same locality as
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<typeStatus id="54A33F94706EFFD5FD4FD076FCAF1F11" box="[695,800,1082,1108]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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, amongst the angiosperm
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<taxonomicName id="4C18FAB5706EFFD5FB9AD076FB381F16" box="[1122,1207,1082,1107]" class="Liliopsida" family="Ruppiaceae" genus="Ruppia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B96C5D24706EFFD5FB9AD076FB381F16" box="[1122,1207,1082,1107]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Ruppia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp., coll. by B. V. Timms,
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<date id="FFA6A7F6706EFFD5FF0FD02EFE211F39" box="[247,430,1122,1148]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" value="2007-03-19">19 March 2007</date>
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;
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<quantity id="4CE02CD3706EFFD5FE42D02EFD951F39" box="[442,538,1122,1148]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.92" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" unit="mm" value="1.92">1.92mm</quantity>
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BH,
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<quantity id="4CE02CD3706EFFD5FDA2D02EFD351F39" box="[602,698,1122,1148]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" unit="mm" value="2.2">2.20mm</quantity>
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BD, mature male.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C302D2BD706EFFD5FF3DD0C7FE281FB1" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BA78136706EFFD5FF3DD0C7FE281FB1" blockId="1.[151,1437,962,2028]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
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<typeStatus id="54A33F94706EFFD5FF3DD0C7FEB41FE1" box="[197,315,1163,1188]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" type="paratype">
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<emphasis id="B96C5D24706EFFD5FF3DD0C7FEB41FE1" box="[197,315,1163,1188]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Paratypes</emphasis>
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</typeStatus>
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: SAM H1571, same data as
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<typeStatus id="54A33F94706EFFD5FD6DD0C6FD701FE1" box="[661,767,1162,1188]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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; lot of 5 (
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<specimenCount id="9D1E4ABF706EFFD5FC80D0C6FC451FE1" box="[888,970,1162,1188]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
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, 4 immature),
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<quantity id="4CE02CD3706EFFD5FB80D0C6FA951FE1" box="[1144,1306,1162,1188]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.745" metricValueMax="1.91" metricValueMin="1.58" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" unit="mm" value="1.745" valueMax="1.91" valueMin="1.58">1.58–1.91mm</quantity>
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BH,
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<quantity id="4CE02CD3706EFFD5FAA3D0C6FF771F89" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.745" metricValueMax="1.95" metricValueMin="1.54" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" unit="mm" value="1.745" valueMax="1.95" valueMin="1.54">1.54– 1.95mm</quantity>
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BD. SAM H1572, same data as allotype; lot of 22 (
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<specimenCount id="9D1E4ABF706EFFD5FC97D0FEFC661F89" box="[879,1001,1202,1228]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" type="female">10 female</specimenCount>
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,
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<specimenCount id="9D1E4ABF706EFFD5FC0ED0FEFBC51F89" box="[1014,1098,1202,1228]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" type="male">8 male</specimenCount>
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, 4 immature),
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<quantity id="4CE02CD3706EFFD5FB03D0FEFA131F89" box="[1275,1436,1202,1228]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.365" metricValueMax="2.06" metricValueMin="0.67" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" unit="mm" value="1.365" valueMax="2.06" valueMin="0.67">0.67–2.06mm</quantity>
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BH,
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<quantity id="4CE02CD3706EFFD5FF36D096FEE01FB1" box="[206,367,1242,1268]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.49" metricValueMax="2.16" metricValueMin="0.82" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" unit="mm" value="1.49" valueMax="2.16" valueMin="0.82">0.82–2.16mm</quantity>
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BD.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C302D2BD706EFFD5FF3ED14EFAEA1EF9" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BA78136706EFFD5FF3ED14EFAEA1EF9" blockId="1.[151,1437,962,2028]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
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<emphasis id="B96C5D24706EFFD5FF3ED14EFEC91E59" bold="true" box="[198,326,1282,1308]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C18FAB5706EFFD5FEA9D14FFE571E59" box="[337,472,1283,1308]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Cladonematidae" genus="Cladonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B96C5D24706EFFD5FEA9D14FFE571E59" box="[337,472,1283,1308]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Cladonema</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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with nine straight radial canals issuing directly from stomach; with dimorphic gonads, female gonad completely encircling stomach in upper half, lacking pouches, male gonad with 6 pouches; with 6 short oral tentacles with spherical knobs; with 9 tentacles, each bearing about 7 stinging branches and about 6 sucker branches, the median stinging branch with a double row of nematocyst warts and the side branches with clusters arranged in a single abaxial row; with dark red ocelli, each bearing a lens.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C302D2BD706EFFD7FF3ED186FC121C7E" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="62" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BA78136706EFFD5FF3ED186FDE81EA1" blockId="1.[151,1437,962,2028]" box="[198,615,1482,1508]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
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<emphasis id="B96C5D24706EFFD5FF3ED186FE651EA1" bold="true" box="[198,490,1482,1508]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
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||
Description of
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<typeStatus id="54A33F94706EFFD5FE86D186FE651EA1" box="[382,490,1482,1508]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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||
(
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<figureCitation id="13239DB3706EFFD5FE01D186FDD41EA1" box="[505,603,1482,1508]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1963,1987]" captionTargetBox="[227,1345,614,1924]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[220,1367,597,1937]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Cladonema timmsii, n. sp., holotype female. A. Whole animal, lateral view. B. Tentacle bulb and tentacle, abaxial view. C. Tentacle bulb and tentacle, lateral view. D. Bell, aboral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/183112/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Figure 1</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA78136706EFFD5FF3DD1BEFE0A1DC1" blockId="1.[151,1437,962,2028]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
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Body deep bell-shaped, with straight sides and evenly rounded apex; mesoglea evenly thin, without apical thickening (
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<figureCitation id="13239DB3706EFFD5FED1D256FE1E1D71" box="[297,401,1562,1588]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1963,1987]" captionTargetBox="[227,1345,614,1924]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[220,1367,597,1937]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Cladonema timmsii, n. sp., holotype female. A. Whole animal, lateral view. B. Tentacle bulb and tentacle, abaxial view. C. Tentacle bulb and tentacle, lateral view. D. Bell, aboral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/183112/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Figure 1</figureCitation>
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A). Exumbrellar surface smooth, without apparent nematocysts or warts, but with indented regions between and tapering toward tentacle bulbs, defining the main radii, reminiscent of coronate scyphozoan pedalia.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
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<paragraph id="8BA78136706EFFD5FF3DD2DEFDA41C09" blockId="1.[151,1437,962,2028]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
|
||
Manubrium cylindrical, shallowly 9-rayed where connecting to subumbrellar surface; lacking a peduncle and apical chamber (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13239DB3706EFFD5FE6BD2F6FE791D91" box="[403,502,1722,1748]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1963,1987]" captionTargetBox="[227,1345,614,1924]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[220,1367,597,1937]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Cladonema timmsii, n. sp., holotype female. A. Whole animal, lateral view. B. Tentacle bulb and tentacle, abaxial view. C. Tentacle bulb and tentacle, lateral view. D. Bell, aboral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/183112/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Figure 1</figureCitation>
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A, D). Gonads completely surrounding manubrium along upper half, without pouches, tapered above toward junction with subumbrella, ending abruptly on lower edge, leaving lower half of manubrium free. Lower half of manubrium narrow, cylindrical. Mouth edge rimmed with 6 spherical nematocyst knobs on very short stalks.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA78136706EFFD5FF3DD316FB291CD9" blockId="1.[151,1437,962,2028]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
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Radial canals 9, fine, straight, smooth-sided, one corresponding to each of the 9 shallow rays of the base of the stomach, without branching (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13239DB3706EFFD5FDCFD3CEFD171CD9" box="[567,664,1922,1948]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1963,1987]" captionTargetBox="[227,1345,614,1924]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[220,1367,597,1937]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Cladonema timmsii, n. sp., holotype female. A. Whole animal, lateral view. B. Tentacle bulb and tentacle, abaxial view. C. Tentacle bulb and tentacle, lateral view. D. Bell, aboral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/183112/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Figure 1</figureCitation>
|
||
D). Ring canal very fine, difficult to discern.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA78136706EFFD6FF3DD3E6FB761A47" blockId="1.[151,1437,962,2028]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,152,538]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="61" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
|
||
Tentacle bulbs 9, one opposite each radial canal, of a characteristic bent cylindrical form, S-shaped in side view, hourglass-shaped in abaxial view; with numerous scattered short papillae, especially noticeable along lateral edges (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13239DB3706DFFD6FEC4D4D4FE101BF7" box="[316,415,152,178]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1963,1987]" captionTargetBox="[227,1345,614,1924]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[220,1367,597,1937]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Cladonema timmsii, n. sp., holotype female. A. Whole animal, lateral view. B. Tentacle bulb and tentacle, abaxial view. C. Tentacle bulb and tentacle, lateral view. D. Bell, aboral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/183112/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Figure 1</figureCitation>
|
||
B, C). Endoderm of tentacle bulbs containing a very crowded mass of golden sparkly concretions. Ocelli 1 per bulb, positioned abaxially at top of tentacle bulb; comprising a whitish pit with a lens, surrounded with dark red pigment; some ocelli having a horizontal row of tiny dots below.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA78136706DFFD6FF3DD55CFB5F1A8F" blockId="2.[151,1437,152,538]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
|
||
Tentacle branches approximately 13 per tentacle bulb, solid, emitting from bulb in a characteristic pattern (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13239DB3706DFFD6FF67D574FE8E1A17" box="[159,257,312,338]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1963,1987]" captionTargetBox="[227,1345,614,1924]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[220,1367,597,1937]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Cladonema timmsii, n. sp., holotype female. A. Whole animal, lateral view. B. Tentacle bulb and tentacle, abaxial view. C. Tentacle bulb and tentacle, lateral view. D. Bell, aboral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/183112/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Figure 1</figureCitation>
|
||
B, C). Stinging tentacle branches 6–8, each with a row of abaxial nematocyst knobs, plus a terminal knob; the largest central tentacle continuous with brown endoderm of tentacle bulb, armed with double row of alternate knobs of nematocysts along entire length, with a few spaced knobs along the midline, plus terminal knob. Suctorial tentacle branches 5–7, adaxially-positioned, naked except for terminal knob.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA78136706DFFD6FF3DD594FF58195F" blockId="2.[151,1437,152,538]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Velum very broad, well defined. No evidence of marginal warts, statocysts, cirri, or other marginal structures.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF67D1BE706DFFD6FF6FD3E7FC5B1CA0" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/183112/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" targetBox="[227,1345,614,1924]" targetPageId="2">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA78136706DFFD6FF6FD3E7FC5B1CA0" blockId="2.[151,1436,1963,2021]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C5D24706DFFD6FF6FD3E7FE9C1C86" bold="true" box="[151,275,1963,1987]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">FIGURE 1</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C18FAB5706DFFD6FEDAD3E7FE7D1C87" box="[290,498,1963,1986]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Cladonematidae" genus="Cladonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="timmsii" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C5D24706DFFD6FEDAD3E7FE7D1C87" box="[290,498,1963,1986]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Cladonema timmsii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25FE05F706DFFD6FDF9D3E7FDB11C86" box="[513,574,1963,1987]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C5D24706DFFD6FDF9D3E7FDB11C86" bold="true" box="[513,574,1963,1987]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, holotype female.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C5D24706DFFD6FCF1D3E7FC931C86" bold="true" box="[777,796,1963,1987]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">A</emphasis>
|
||
. Whole animal, lateral view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C5D24706DFFD6FBA3D3E7FBE21C86" bold="true" box="[1115,1133,1963,1987]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">B</emphasis>
|
||
. Tentacle bulb and tentacle, abaxial view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C5D24706DFFD6FED2D381FEB21CA0" bold="true" box="[298,317,1997,2021]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">C</emphasis>
|
||
. Tentacle bulb and tentacle, lateral view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C5D24706DFFD6FD0FD381FC851CA0" bold="true" box="[759,778,1997,2021]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">D</emphasis>
|
||
. Bell, aboral view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA78136706CFFD7FF3DD4D4FA821A47" blockId="3.[151,1436,152,458]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Colouration in preservative 6 months: endoderm of tentacle bulbs rich brown, ocelli dark red, endoderm of tentacles dark red, vertical streaks on manubrium pale brown above and between nematocyst knobs; bell transparent and colourless, tentacle nematocyst clusters whitish, tentacle bulb papillae colourless.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA78136706CFFD7FF3ED543FDD01A6F" blockId="3.[151,1436,152,458]" box="[198,607,271,298]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C5D24706CFFD7FF3ED543FE6E1A6C" bold="true" box="[198,481,271,297]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Description of allotype</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13239DB3706CFFD7FE09D55CFDD91A6F" box="[497,598,272,298]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,255,1270,1294]" captionTargetBox="[220,1364,511,1228]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[212,1374,501,1238]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Cladonema timmsii, n. sp., allotype male. A. Whole animal, lateral view. B. Bell, aboral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/183113/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Figure 2</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA78136706CFFD7FF3DD574FA1E1A8F" blockId="3.[151,1436,152,458]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
|
||
Structurally identical to
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A33F94706CFFD7FE1FD574FDC11A17" box="[487,590,312,338]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
except in the following respects: male specimen possessing 6 gonadal pouches (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13239DB3706CFFD7FEFED52CFEE41A3F" box="[262,363,352,378]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,255,1270,1294]" captionTargetBox="[220,1364,511,1228]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[212,1374,501,1238]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Cladonema timmsii, n. sp., allotype male. A. Whole animal, lateral view. B. Bell, aboral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/183113/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Figure 2</figureCitation>
|
||
A, B), similar in form to that described for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C18FAB5706CFFD7FC9DD52CFC7C1A3C" box="[869,1011,352,377]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Cladonematidae" genus="Cladonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="radiatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C5D24706CFFD7FC9DD52CFC7C1A3C" box="[869,1011,352,377]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">C. radiatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and associated species; median tentacle branch similar to that described for
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A33F94706CFFD7FD83D5C4FD6A1AE7" box="[635,741,392,418]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
; side branches bearing a double abaxial row of nematocyst clusters, separated by a broad gap, with nematocyst clusters arranged mostly opposite, with some haphazard.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF67D1BE706CFFD7FF6FD0BAFA831E48" box="[151,1292,1270,1294]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/183113/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" targetBox="[220,1364,511,1228]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA78136706CFFD7FF6FD0BAFA831E48" blockId="3.[151,1292,1270,1294]" box="[151,1292,1270,1294]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C5D24706CFFD7FF6FD0BAFE9D1E4B" bold="true" box="[151,274,1270,1294]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">FIGURE 2</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C18FAB5706CFFD7FED8D0BAFE601E48" box="[288,495,1270,1293]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Cladonematidae" genus="Cladonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="timmsii" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C5D24706CFFD7FED8D0BAFE601E48" box="[288,495,1270,1293]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Cladonema timmsii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25FE05F706CFFD7FE05D0BAFDB61E4B" box="[509,569,1270,1294]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C5D24706CFFD7FE05D0BAFDB61E4B" bold="true" box="[509,569,1270,1294]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, allotype male.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C5D24706CFFD7FD1CD0BAFD781E4B" bold="true" box="[740,759,1270,1294]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">A</emphasis>
|
||
. Whole animal, lateral view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C5D24706CFFD7FBC9D0BAFBCC1E4B" bold="true" box="[1073,1091,1270,1294]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">B</emphasis>
|
||
. Bell, aboral view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA78136706CFFD7FF3ED10CFB2C1EEE" blockId="3.[151,1436,1344,1971]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C5D24706CFFD7FF3ED10CFDCF1E1F" bold="true" box="[198,576,1344,1370]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
|
||
Variation from
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A33F94706CFFD7FE70D10CFE311E1F" box="[392,446,1344,1370]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Most of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A33F94706CFFD7FD2DD10DFCCA1E1E" box="[725,837,1345,1371]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
are smaller than the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A33F94706CFFD7FBC2D10DFB2F1E1E" box="[1082,1184,1345,1371]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and allotype, and are believed to be younger than the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A33F94706CFFD7FDF3D125FDC21EC6" box="[523,589,1385,1411]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">types</typeStatus>
|
||
. Their characteristics are consistent with those that would be expected in immature specimens, e.g., smaller numbers of tentacle branches, less-developed gonads.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA78136706CFFD7FF3DD1F5FA1A1EBE" blockId="3.[151,1436,1344,1971]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
|
||
Female gonads appear as a swollen ball rather than as a set of pouches as in most other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C18FAB5706CFFD7FB24D1F5FAEC1E97" box="[1244,1379,1465,1490]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Cladonematidae" genus="Cladonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C5D24706CFFD7FB24D1F5FAEC1E97" box="[1244,1379,1465,1490]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Cladonema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species, whereas mature males develop the pouches. In smaller males, the gonad pouches are not as pronounced.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA78136706CFFD7FF3DD245FCDE1D86" blockId="3.[151,1436,1344,1971]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
|
||
Some specimens with 1 or 2 canals forked near apex, resulting in 11 tentacle bulbs (female gravid, about 2.0mm BH, BD) or 10 tentacle bulbs (
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D1E4ABF706CFFD7FD94D27DFD5A1D0E" box="[620,725,1585,1611]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D1E4ABF706CFFD7FD1AD27DFCCD1D0E" box="[738,834,1585,1611]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
|
||
, and
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D1E4ABF706CFFD7FC7CD27DFB851D0E" box="[900,1034,1585,1611]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" type="juvenile">2 juveniles</specimenCount>
|
||
, including one only
|
||
<quantity id="4CE02CD3706CFFD7FAF9D27DFAED1D0E" box="[1281,1378,1585,1611]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.7" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="0.67">0.67mm</quantity>
|
||
BH,
|
||
<quantity id="4CE02CD3706CFFD7FF6FD215FF771D36" box="[151,248,1625,1651]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.2" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="0.82">0.82mm</quantity>
|
||
BD). The remainder have 9 tentacle bulbs. While in some species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C18FAB5706CFFD7FBB8D215FB481D37" box="[1088,1223,1625,1650]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Cladonematidae" genus="Cladonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C5D24706CFFD7FBB8D215FB481D37" box="[1088,1223,1625,1650]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Cladonema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, branching of the radial canals is constant and diagnostic, the branches in a few specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C18FAB5706CFFD7FBE2D2CDFB1C1DDF" box="[1050,1171,1665,1690]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Cladonematidae" genus="Cladonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="timmsii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C5D24706CFFD7FBE2D2CDFB1C1DDF" box="[1050,1171,1665,1690]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">C. timmsii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
appear to be aberrant, as they are uncommonly observed and irregularly arranged.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA78136706CFFD7FF3DD29DFC121C7E" blockId="3.[151,1436,1344,1971]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
|
||
The tentacular nematocyst warts are noteworthy. In the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A33F94706CFFD7FCA4D29DFC4C1DAE" box="[860,963,1745,1771]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A33F94706CFFD7FBD3D29DFB111DAE" box="[1067,1182,1745,1771]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
, the main branch has two rows, whereas the lateral branches have a single row along the crest; however, in the allotype, the lateral branches have two rows, separated by a broad gap along the crest.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C302D2BD706CFFD7FF3ED304FD7F1CCE" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA78136706CFFD7FF3ED304FD7F1CCE" blockId="3.[151,1436,1344,1971]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C5D24706CFFD7FF3ED304FEDC1C27" bold="true" box="[198,339,1864,1890]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The specific name,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C18FAB5706CFFD7FDC6D305FD1B1C27" box="[574,660,1865,1890]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Cladonematidae" genus="Cladonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="timmsii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C5D24706CFFD7FDC6D305FD1B1C27" box="[574,660,1865,1890]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">timmsii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, is in honour of Brian V. Timms, one of the pioneers of Australian limnology and the collector of the present material.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C302D2BD706CFFD7FF3ED3D4FCF71CF6" box="[198,888,1944,1971]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA78136706CFFD7FF3ED3D4FCF71CF6" blockId="3.[151,1436,1344,1971]" box="[198,888,1944,1971]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C5D24706CFFD7FF3ED3D4FEE81CF7" bold="true" box="[198,359,1944,1970]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Presently known only from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A33F94706CFFD7FD18D3D5FC9D1CF6" box="[736,786,1945,1971]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C302D2BD706BFFD0FF3ED4DBFDCA1A3F" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA78136706BFFD0FF3ED4DBFDCA1A3F" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,618]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C5D24706BFFD0FF3ED4DBFEB01BF4" bold="true" box="[198,319,151,177]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C18FAB5706BFFD0FEB0D4D4FDA11BF4" box="[328,558,152,177]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Cladonematidae" genus="Cladonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="timmsii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C5D24706BFFD0FEB0D4D4FDA11BF4" box="[328,558,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Cladonema timmsii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is apparently the only species in the genus to display sexual dimorphism. The females are most similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C18FAB5706BFFD0FDF6D48CFC5D1B9F" authority="Naumov (1955)" authorityName="Naumov" authorityYear="1955" box="[526,978,192,218]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Cladonematidae" genus="Cladonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pacificum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C5D24706BFFD0FDF6D48CFC9F1B9C" box="[526,784,192,217]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Cladonema pacificum</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF89FCC7706BFFD0FCEFD48CFC5D1B9F" author="Naumov" box="[791,978,192,218]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" refString="Naumov, D. V. (1955) New genera and species of Hydroidea from far-Eastern seas. Travaux de l'Institut Zoologique de l'Academie des Sciences de l'U. S. S. R., 18, 19 - 28. [In Russian]." type="journal article" year="1955">Naumov (1955)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30FC1A6706BFFD0FBE0D48CFBD11B9F" box="[1048,1118,192,218]" name="Japan" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, in having gonads that lack distinct pouches, but the males are most similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C18FAB5706BFFD0FCFED4A4FB521A47" authority="Dujardin (1843b)" authorityName="Dujardin" authorityYear="1843" box="[774,1245,232,258]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Cladonematidae" genus="Cladonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="radiatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C5D24706BFFD0FCFED4A4FB8C1A44" box="[774,1027,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Cladonema radiatum</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF89FCC7706BFFD0FBF6D4A4FBF91A47" author="Dujardin" box="[1038,1142,232,258]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" refString="Dujardin, F. (1843 b) Observations sur un nouveau genre de medusaires, provenant de la metamorphose des Syncorynes. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Paris (Zoology), Series 2, Tome 20, 370 - 373." type="journal article" year="1843" yearSuffix="b">Dujardin</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(1843b)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from European coasts in possessing a series of well defined radial sac-like gonadal protrusions or pouches.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C18FAB5706BFFD0FB31D55CFF3C1A14" class="Hydrozoa" family="Cladonematidae" genus="Cladonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="timmsii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C5D24706BFFD0FB31D55CFF3C1A14" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Cladonema timmsii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
further differs from all its congeners in number and form of the tentacular branches, and the papillae on the tentacle bulbs are apparently unique.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C302D2BD706BFFD1FF3ED5C4FCC51C72" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="64" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA78136706BFFD0FF3ED5C4FB45192F" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,618]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
|
||
Like
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C18FAB5706BFFD0FEFCD5C4FE161AE4" ID-CoL="VPBM" box="[260,409,392,417]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Cladonematidae" genus="Cladonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pacificum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C5D24706BFFD0FEFCD5C4FE161AE4" box="[260,409,392,417]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">C. pacificum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C18FAB5706BFFD0FE51D5C4FDAD1AE4" ID-CoL="VPBR" box="[425,546,392,417]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Cladonematidae" genus="Cladonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="timmsii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C5D24706BFFD0FE51D5C4FDAD1AE4" box="[425,546,392,417]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">C. timmsii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
possesses six spherical oral nematocyst knobs, but the two species differ in the length of the gonadal region and in the form of the radial canals. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C18FAB5706BFFD0FC23D5FCFBFF1A8C" ID-CoL="VPBM" box="[987,1136,432,457]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Cladonematidae" genus="Cladonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pacificum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C5D24706BFFD0FC23D5FCFBFF1A8C" box="[987,1136,432,457]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">C. pacificum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the gonads are along the entire length of the manubrium, whereas in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C18FAB5706BFFD0FD55D594FCA71AB4" ID-CoL="VPBR" box="[685,808,472,497]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Cladonematidae" genus="Cladonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="timmsii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C5D24706BFFD0FD55D594FCA71AB4" box="[685,808,472,497]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">C. timmsii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the gonads occupy only the upper half, leaving the lower half free. The radial canals in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C18FAB5706BFFD0FDB4D64CFD6B195C" ID-CoL="VPBM" box="[588,740,512,537]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Cladonematidae" genus="Cladonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pacificum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C5D24706BFFD0FDB4D64CFD6B195C" box="[588,740,512,537]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">C. pacificum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are similar to those described for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C18FAB5706BFFD0FB87D64CFA12195F" authority="Hirai (1958)" authorityName="Hirai" authorityYear="1958" box="[1151,1437,512,538]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Cladonematidae" genus="Cladonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="uchidae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C5D24706BFFD0FB87D64CFA8F195C" box="[1151,1280,512,537]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">C. uchidae</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF89FCC7706BFFD0FAF1D64CFA12195F" author="Hirai" box="[1289,1437,512,538]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" refString="Hirai, E. (1958) On the species of Cladonema radiatum var. mayeri Perkins. Bulletin of the Marine Biological Station of Asamushi, 9, 23 - 25." type="journal article" year="1958">Hirai (1958)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C18FAB5706BFFD0FF32D664FE791907" ID-CoL="VPBJ" authority="Perkins (1908)" authorityName="Perkins" authorityYear="1908" box="[202,502,552,578]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Cladonematidae" genus="Cladonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="mayeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C5D24706BFFD0FF32D664FEB11904" box="[202,318,552,577]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">C. mayeri</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF89FCC7706BFFD0FEBFD664FE791907" author="Perkins" box="[327,502,552,578]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" refString="Perkins, H. F. (1908) Notes on medusae of the western Atlantic. Papers from the Tortugas Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 1, 135 - 149, pl. 1 - 4." type="journal article" year="1908">Perkins (1908)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having both simple and paired radial canals, whereas in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C18FAB5706BFFD0FB43D664FABB1904" ID-CoL="VPBR" box="[1211,1332,552,577]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Cladonematidae" genus="Cladonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="timmsii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C5D24706BFFD0FB43D664FABB1904" box="[1211,1332,552,577]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">C. timmsii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
they are more similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C18FAB5706BFFD0FEA9D61CFD33192F" ID-CoL="5YWD4" authority="Hyman (1947)" authorityName="Hyman" authorityYear="1947" box="[337,700,592,618]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Cladonematidae" genus="Cladonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="californicum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C5D24706BFFD0FEA9D61CFD87192C" box="[337,520,592,617]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">C. californicum</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF89FCC7706BFFD0FDE8D61CFD33192F" author="Hyman" box="[528,700,592,618]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" refString="Hyman, L. H. (1947) Two new hydromedusae from the California coast. Transactions of the American Microscopical Society, 66, 262 - 268." type="journal article" year="1947">Hyman (1947)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in being entirely straight in most specimens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF67D1BE706BFFD0FF6FD3FEFE721CA9" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/183114/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" targetBox="[225,1367,669,1931]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA78136706BFFD0FF6FD3FEFE721CA9" blockId="4.[151,1436,1970,2028]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C5D24706BFFD0FF6FD3FEFE9D1C8F" bold="true" box="[151,274,1970,1994]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">FIGURE 3</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C18FAB5706BFFD0FED9D3FEFE131C8C" ID-CoL="7NSZS" box="[289,412,1970,1993]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Cladonematidae" genus="Cladonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C5D24706BFFD0FED9D3FEFE131C8C" box="[289,412,1970,1993]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Cladonema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp., immature.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C5D24706BFFD0FDBBD3FEFDD91C8F" bold="true" box="[579,598,1970,1994]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">A</emphasis>
|
||
. Whole animal, lateral view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C5D24706BFFD0FC6AD3FEFC2B1C8F" bold="true" box="[914,932,1970,1994]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">B</emphasis>
|
||
. Bell, oral view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C5D24706BFFD0FBA4D3FEFBE01C8F" bold="true" box="[1116,1135,1970,1994]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">C</emphasis>
|
||
. Tentacle bulb and tentacle, lateral view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C5D24706BFFD0FEE7D398FEBD1CA9" bold="true" box="[287,306,2004,2028]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">D</emphasis>
|
||
. Bell, aboral view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF67D1BE706AFFD1FF6FD1F6FC401E94" box="[151,975,1466,1490]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/183115/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" targetBox="[300,1287,194,1442]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA78136706AFFD1FF6FD1F6FC401E94" blockId="5.[151,975,1466,1490]" box="[151,975,1466,1490]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C5D24706AFFD1FF6FD1F6FE9D1E97" bold="true" box="[151,274,1466,1490]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">FIGURE 4</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C18FAB5706AFFD1FED8D1F6FE601E94" ID-CoL="VPBR" box="[288,495,1466,1489]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Cladonematidae" genus="Cladonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="timmsii" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C5D24706AFFD1FED8D1F6FE601E94" box="[288,495,1466,1489]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Cladonema timmsii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25FE05F706AFFD1FE05D1F6FDB61E97" box="[509,569,1466,1490]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C5D24706AFFD1FE05D1F6FDB61E97" bold="true" box="[509,569,1466,1490]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, holotype female. Habitus, preserved.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA78136706AFFD1FF3DD249FCC51C72" blockId="5.[151,1436,1541,2007]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">
|
||
In all other known species, the arrangement of nematocyst warts on the stinging branches of the tentacles is typically illustrated as being either alternate or haphazard. Indeed,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF89FCC7706AFFD1FC30D261FB1B1D02" author="Schuchert" box="[968,1172,1581,1607]" pageId="5" pageNumber="67" refString="Schuchert, P. (2006) The European athecate hydroids and their medusae (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria): Capitata Part 1. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 113, 325 - 410." type="journal article" year="2006">Schuchert (2006)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described and figured all tentacular branches in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C18FAB5706AFFD1FE3DD219FDDD1D2B" ID-CoL="VPBQ" box="[453,594,1621,1646]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Cladonematidae" genus="Cladonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="radiatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C5D24706AFFD1FE3DD219FDDD1D2B" box="[453,594,1621,1646]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">C. radiatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as having alternate clusters. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C18FAB5706AFFD1FC3ED219FBB01D2B" ID-CoL="VPBR" box="[966,1087,1621,1646]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Cladonematidae" genus="Cladonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="timmsii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C5D24706AFFD1FC3ED219FBB01D2B" box="[966,1087,1621,1646]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">C. timmsii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, however, they are of a peculiar and apparently unique pattern: on the median tentacle branch, the nematocyst clusters are arranged in two rows, mostly alternate, with a few clusters sparsely arranged down the midline; in the other (side) branches, the clusters are arranged in a single abaxial row, in an alternate or opposite, or even semi-haphazard arrangement. In addition, the conspicuous gelatinous papillae on the tentacle bulbs in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C18FAB5706AFFD1FB9FD2B9FB6B1C4B" ID-CoL="VPBR" box="[1127,1252,1781,1806]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Cladonematidae" genus="Cladonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="timmsii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C5D24706AFFD1FB9FD2B9FB6B1C4B" box="[1127,1252,1781,1806]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">C. timmsii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are apparently unique, not being noted or illustrated for any other species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C302D2BD706AFFD2FF3DD309FE3D1E9F" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="65" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA78136706AFFD2FF3DD309FDC31A17" blockId="5.[151,1436,1541,2007]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1437,152,1498]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="65" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">
|
||
Another specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C18FAB5706AFFD1FE38D309FDC81C1B" box="[448,583,1861,1886]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Cladonematidae" genus="Cladonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C5D24706AFFD1FE38D309FDC81C1B" box="[448,583,1861,1886]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Cladonema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was found at Cowell, South
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30FC1A6706AFFD1FC6FD309FB8A1C1A" box="[919,1029,1861,1887]" name="Australia" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, over
|
||
<quantity id="4CE02CD3706AFFD1FBB3D309FB131C1A" box="[1099,1180,1861,1887]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" unit="km" value="400.0">400km</quantity>
|
||
away by the overland route, several years earlier (SAM H1225 (ex. GZ0518), Cowell Jetty, Cowell, South
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30FC1A6706AFFD1FB80D321FB6C1CC2" box="[1144,1251,1901,1927]" name="Australia" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
[
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE2CE7F1706AFFD1FB0AD321FA181CC2" box="[1266,1431,1901,1927]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" precision="1" value="-33.686333">33°41’10.8”S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE2CE7F1706AFFD1FF6FD3D9FEC31CEA" box="[151,332,1941,1967]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" precision="1" value="136.92981">136°55’47.3”E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
], coll. T. Laperousaz and L. Gershwin,
|
||
<date id="FFA6A7F6706AFFD1FCD3D3D9FB8C1CEA" box="[811,1027,1941,1967]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" value="2002-02-15">15 February 2002</date>
|
||
; about
|
||
<quantity id="4CE02CD3706AFFD1FBA4D3D9FB201CEA" box="[1116,1199,1941,1967]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5mm</quantity>
|
||
BH/BD, immature;
|
||
<figureCitation id="13239DB3706AFFD1FF6FD3F1FF711C92" box="[151,254,1981,2007]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,255,1970,1994]" captionTargetBox="[225,1367,669,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[204,1382,661,1946]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Cladonema sp., immature. A. Whole animal, lateral view. B. Bell, oral view. C. Tentacle bulb and tentacle, lateral view. D. Bell, aboral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/183114/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Figure 3</figureCitation>
|
||
). Curiously, sketches made of this immature specimen while still alive indicate a 6-rayed stomach footprint, with straight and bi-forked radial canals in alternation; however, in the preserved specimen all nine canals are visible and appear to connect directly to the stomach. Furthermore, the stomach seems opposite to those from Penong, in that the swollen portion is distal in the Cowell specimen but midway in the Penong specimens. The significance of these features in this tiny specimen is not understood at this time, and we await additional material for further clarity.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA781367069FFD2FF3DD52CFEFE1907" blockId="6.[151,1437,152,1498]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">
|
||
Juvenile
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C18FAB57069FFD2FEC8D52CFE381A3C" box="[304,439,352,377]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Cladonematidae" genus="Cladonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C5D247069FFD2FEC8D52CFE381A3C" box="[304,439,352,377]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Cladonema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens are also held in the Museum and Art Galleries of the Northern Territory (Darwin, NT: NTM C5963). The five specimens are about
|
||
<quantity id="4CE02CD37069FFD2FCB4D5C4FC101AE7" box="[844,927,392,418]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5mm</quantity>
|
||
BH, and possess characters that one would expect for juveniles of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C18FAB57069FFD2FE51D5FCFDAC1A8C" box="[425,547,432,457]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Cladonematidae" genus="Cladonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="timmsii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C5D247069FFD2FE51D5FCFDAC1A8C" box="[425,547,432,457]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">C. timmsii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, e.g., unbranched radial canals, unpouched gonads, and a lesser number of tentacle branches. However, given the geographic and ecological differences between Darwin and South
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30FC1A67069FFD2FA9BD594FF59195F" name="Australia" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, it seems unlikely that they are the same species, but we reserve judgment pending the collection of mature specimens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA781367069FFD2FF3DD61CFE8518EF" blockId="6.[151,1437,152,1498]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">
|
||
Similarly, specimens of an interesting form of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C18FAB57069FFD2FD0ED61CFCF2192C" box="[758,893,592,617]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Cladonematidae" genus="Cladonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C5D247069FFD2FD0ED61CFCF2192C" box="[758,893,592,617]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Cladonema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are held in the Australian Museum (Sydney: AM G14600; G16029). The four specimens are about
|
||
<quantity id="4CE02CD37069FFD2FCDED634FCEC19D7" box="[806,867,632,658]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" unit="mm" value="1.0">1mm</quantity>
|
||
tall,
|
||
<quantity id="4CE02CD37069FFD2FC5BD634FC7A19D7" box="[931,1013,632,658]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" unit="mm" value="0.6">0.6mm</quantity>
|
||
wide, and are characterized as follows: bell tall, narrow, with flat top; stomach on a gelatinous peduncle, with gonad in a continuous wide belt around the stomach; with 9 straight radial canals; with 6 sessile oral nematocyst knobs; with 9 tentacles, each bearing 12 alternate branches plus the terminus, and each bearing a lensed ocellus. The specimens, which were obtained from a private home aquarium, appear to be mature. Although this form may be unique, we are reluctant at this time to describe it as new, pending the study of wild-caught material. The above-mentioned specimens from different localities suggest that there may well be a cluster of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C18FAB57069FFD2FBD7D724FB3918C4" box="[1071,1206,872,897]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Cladonematidae" genus="Cladonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C5D247069FFD2FBD7D724FB3918C4" box="[1071,1206,872,897]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Cladonema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species endemic to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30FC1A67069FFD2FF6FD7DCFE8818EF" box="[151,263,912,938]" name="Australia" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA781367069FFD2FF3DD7F4FCCE1E27" blockId="6.[151,1437,152,1498]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">
|
||
The species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C18FAB57069FFD2FE78D7F4FD881894" box="[384,519,952,977]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Cladonematidae" genus="Cladonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C5D247069FFD2FE78D7F4FD881894" box="[384,519,952,977]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Cladonema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have undergone several rounds of lumping and splitting. At least 13 forms have been assigned to the genus (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C69AB48D7069FFD2FDDCD7ACFDF118BF" box="[548,638,992,1018]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,239,1551,1575]" captionTargetBox="[159,1400,1677,2012]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="TABLE 1. Comparison of diagnostic characters of the medusae of Cladonema. Literature used: all original descriptions, plus Uchida (1925), Kramp (1961), Russell (1953), Allman (1871 - 1872), Mayer (1910), Rees (1979; 1982), Schuchert (2006). Abbreviations used: Bell height (BH), bell diameter (BD)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF67D1BE7069FFD2FF6FD243FCD61D29" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" tableUuid="DF67D1BE7069FFD2FF6FD243FCD61D29">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF89FCC77069FFD2FD60D7ACFCC118BF" author="Haeckel" box="[664,846,992,1018]" pageId="6" pageNumber="67" refString="Haeckel, E. (1879) Das System der Medusen: Erster Theil einer Monographie der Medusen. G. Fischer, Jena, 360 pp., atlas of 80 pls." type="book" year="1879">Haeckel (1879)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
recognized only
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C18FAB57069FFD2FBE5D7ACFB2418BC" box="[1053,1195,992,1017]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Cladonematidae" genus="Cladonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="radiatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C5D247069FFD2FBE5D7ACFB2418BC" box="[1053,1195,992,1017]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">C. radiatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
at the species level, but named four subspecies based on meristic differences; subsequent authors have regarded these as identical to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C18FAB57069FFD2FF4DD07CFECC1F0C" box="[181,323,1072,1097]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Cladonematidae" genus="Cladonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="radiatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C5D247069FFD2FF4DD07CFECC1F0C" box="[181,323,1072,1097]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">C. radiatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as we do here. Only four species were considered valid by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF89FCC77069FFD2FBF0D07CFB3E1F0F" author="Kramp" box="[1032,1201,1072,1098]" pageId="6" pageNumber="67" refString="Kramp, P. L. (1961) Synopsis of the medusae of the world. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 40, 1 - 469." type="journal article" year="1961">Kramp (1961)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, namely,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C18FAB57069FFD2FAD9D07CFE2F1F37" authority="Hyman (1947)" authorityName="Hyman" authorityYear="1947" class="Hydrozoa" family="Cladonematidae" genus="Cladonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="californicum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C5D247069FFD2FAD9D07CFF501F34" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">C. californicum</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF89FCC77069FFD2FF14D014FE2F1F37" author="Hyman" box="[236,416,1112,1138]" pageId="6" pageNumber="67" refString="Hyman, L. H. (1947) Two new hydromedusae from the California coast. Transactions of the American Microscopical Society, 66, 262 - 268." type="journal article" year="1947">Hyman (1947)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C18FAB57069FFD2FE4AD014FD431F37" authority="Rees (1949)" authorityName="Rees" authorityYear="1949" box="[434,716,1112,1138]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Cladonematidae" genus="Cladonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="myersi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C5D247069FFD2FE4AD014FDA71F34" box="[434,552,1112,1137]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">C. myersi</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF89FCC77069FFD2FDCDD014FD431F37" author="Rees" box="[565,716,1112,1138]" pageId="6" pageNumber="67" refString="Rees, W. J. (1949) On Cladonema myersi, a new species of hydroid from the California coast. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 119, 861 - 865." type="journal article" year="1949">Rees (1949)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C18FAB57069FFD2FD26D014FBC51F37" authority="Naumov (1955)" authorityName="Naumov" authorityYear="1955" box="[734,1098,1112,1138]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Cladonematidae" genus="Cladonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pacificum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C5D247069FFD2FD26D014FCF51F34" box="[734,890,1112,1137]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">C. pacificum</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF89FCC77069FFD2FC7FD014FBC51F37" author="Naumov" box="[903,1098,1112,1138]" pageId="6" pageNumber="67" refString="Naumov, D. V. (1955) New genera and species of Hydroidea from far-Eastern seas. Travaux de l'Institut Zoologique de l'Academie des Sciences de l'U. S. S. R., 18, 19 - 28. [In Russian]." type="journal article" year="1955">Naumov (1955)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C18FAB57069FFD2FB6BD014FF791FDF" authority="Dujardin (1843a)" authorityName="Dujardin" authorityYear="1843" class="Hydrozoa" family="Cladonematidae" genus="Cladonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="radiatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C5D247069FFD2FB6BD014FAA91F34" box="[1171,1318,1112,1137]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">C. radiatum</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF89FCC77069FFD2FACCD014FA131F37" author="Dujardin" box="[1332,1436,1112,1138]" pageId="6" pageNumber="67" refString="Dujardin, F. (1843 a) Observations sur un nouveau genre de medusaires provenant de la metamorphose des Syncorynes. Comptes rendus des seances de l'Academie des sciences, Paris, Tome 16, 1132 - 1136." type="journal article" year="1843" yearSuffix="a">Dujardin</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(1843a)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF89FCC77069FFD2FE5CD0CCFDFD1FDF" author="Schuchert" box="[420,626,1152,1178]" pageId="6" pageNumber="67" refString="Schuchert, P. (2006) The European athecate hydroids and their medusae (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria): Capitata Part 1. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 113, 325 - 410." type="journal article" year="2006">Schuchert (2006)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF89FCC77069FFD2FD87D0CCFC111FDF" box="[639,926,1152,1178]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="68" pageId="6" pageNumber="67" refString="Stepanjants, S. D., Ovanesyan, I. G. & Sirenko, B. I. (1993) Cladonematidae representative (Hydrozoa, Athecata, Capitata) in Saint-Petersburg aquariums. Cladonema revision. Issledovaniya Fauny Morei, 45, 90 - 105 [Russian with English summary] [Unseen]." type="journal article">Stepanjants et al. (1993)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
recognized only two valid species, namely
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C18FAB57069FFD2FF6FD0E4FEAB1F84" box="[151,292,1192,1217]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Cladonematidae" genus="Cladonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="radiatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C5D247069FFD2FF6FD0E4FEAB1F84" box="[151,292,1192,1217]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">C. radiatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C18FAB57069FFD2FEA4D0E4FD9C1F84" box="[348,531,1192,1217]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Cladonematidae" genus="Cladonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="californicum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C5D247069FFD2FEA4D0E4FD9C1F84" box="[348,531,1192,1217]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">C. californicum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF89FCC77069FFD2FDDAD0E4FCC51F87" author="Bouillon" box="[546,842,1192,1218]" pageId="6" pageNumber="67" refString="Bouillon, J. & Boero, F. (2000) Synopsis of the families and genera of the hydromedusae of the world, with a list of the worldwide species. Thalassia Salentina, 24, 47 - 296." type="journal article" year="2000">Bouillon & Boero (2000)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
agreed with
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF89FCC77069FFD2FC19D0E4FB061F87" author="Kramp" box="[993,1161,1192,1218]" pageId="6" pageNumber="67" refString="Kramp, P. L. (1961) Synopsis of the medusae of the world. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 40, 1 - 469." type="journal article" year="1961">Kramp (1961)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and further recognised
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C18FAB57069FFD2FF6FD09CFE3E1FAF" authority="Hirai (1958)" authorityName="Hirai" authorityYear="1958" box="[151,433,1232,1258]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Cladonematidae" genus="Cladonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="uchidae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C5D247069FFD2FF6FD09CFE991FAC" box="[151,278,1232,1257]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">C. uchidae</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF89FCC77069FFD2FEE4D09CFE3E1FAF" author="Hirai" box="[284,433,1232,1258]" pageId="6" pageNumber="67" refString="Hirai, E. (1958) On the species of Cladonema radiatum var. mayeri Perkins. Bulletin of the Marine Biological Station of Asamushi, 9, 23 - 25." type="journal article" year="1958">Hirai (1958)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. An excellent and thorough revision of the family and genus, and the historical taxonomy of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C18FAB57069FFD2FF0ED0B4FE0A1E54" box="[246,389,1272,1297]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Cladonematidae" genus="Cladonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="radiatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C5D247069FFD2FF0ED0B4FE0A1E54" box="[246,389,1272,1297]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">C. radiatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, were given by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF89FCC77069FFD2FDB2D0B4FC941E57" author="Schuchert" box="[586,795,1272,1298]" pageId="6" pageNumber="67" refString="Schuchert, P. (2006) The European athecate hydroids and their medusae (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria): Capitata Part 1. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 113, 325 - 410." type="journal article" year="2006">Schuchert (2006)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; he concluded that it is likely that the highly variable nominal species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C18FAB57069FFD2FEA5D16CFE641E7C" box="[349,491,1312,1337]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Cladonematidae" genus="Cladonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="radiatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C5D247069FFD2FEA5D16CFE641E7C" box="[349,491,1312,1337]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">C. radiatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
comprises numerous distinct biological species. A synopsis of characters of all the nominal species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C18FAB57069FFD2FE5DD104FDA31E24" box="[421,556,1352,1377]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Cladonematidae" genus="Cladonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C5D247069FFD2FE5DD104FDA31E24" box="[421,556,1352,1377]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Cladonema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is presented in
|
||
<tableCitation id="C69AB48D7069FFD2FD1BD104FCB41E27" box="[739,827,1352,1378]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,239,1551,1575]" captionTargetBox="[159,1400,1677,2012]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="TABLE 1. Comparison of diagnostic characters of the medusae of Cladonema. Literature used: all original descriptions, plus Uchida (1925), Kramp (1961), Russell (1953), Allman (1871 - 1872), Mayer (1910), Rees (1979; 1982), Schuchert (2006). Abbreviations used: Bell height (BH), bell diameter (BD)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF67D1BE7069FFD2FF6FD243FCD61D29" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" tableUuid="DF67D1BE7069FFD2FF6FD243FCD61D29">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA781367069FFD2FF3DD13CFE3D1E9F" blockId="6.[151,1437,152,1498]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">While only preserved material was available to us for this description, future study should include DNA analysis and elucidation of the life cycle, for a full revision of the family when this information becomes available for all species.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |