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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.418.7629" ID-PMC="PMC4104466" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-418-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="F034FFA3FFAFFFBEB578C42DD65AFFA2" ID-PubMed="25061358" ID-Zenodo-Dep="578347" ID-ZooBank="D71C8A3DA6CA40A5B3A034A1FD1C16A0" ModsDocID="1313-2970-418-1" checkinTime="1451245725588" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Skvarla, Michael J., Fisher, J. Ray &amp; Dowling, Ashley P. G." docDate="2014" docId="2145E37ABE4C5C68B93929446BE1175E" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 418: 1-103" docOrigin="ZooKeys 418" docPubDate="2014-06-20" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.418.7629" docTitle="Parabonzia Smiley 1975" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" id="F034FFA3FFAFFFBEB578C42DD65AFFA2" lastPageNumber="17" masterDocId="F034FFA3FFAFFFBEB578C42DD65AFFA2" masterDocTitle="A review of Cunaxidae (Acariformes, Trombidiformes): Histories and diagnoses of subfamilies and genera, keys to world species, and some new locality records" masterLastPageNumber="103" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="14" updateTime="1668158708043" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>A review of Cunaxidae (Acariformes, Trombidiformes): Histories and diagnoses of subfamilies and genera, keys to world species, and some new locality records</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Skvarla, Michael J.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology, 319 AGRI Building, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, 72701, USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Fisher, J. Ray</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology, 319 AGRI Building, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, 72701, USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Dowling, Ashley P. G.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology, 319 AGRI Building, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, 72701, USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2014</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2014-06-20</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>418</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>103</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.418.7629</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.418.7629</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-418-1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">D71C8A3DA6CA40A5B3A034A1FD1C16A0</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">F034FFA3FFAFFFBEB578C42DD65AFFA2</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">578347</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="182234991" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2145E37ABE4C5C68B93929446BE1175E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2145E37ABE4C5C68B93929446BE1175E" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<taxonomicName LSID="2145E37A-BE4C-5C68-B939-29446BE1175E" authority="Den Heyer, 1978" authorityName="Smiley" authorityYear="1975" family="Cunaxidae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Cunaxoidinae">Cunaxoidinae Den Heyer, 1978</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="historical review">
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Historical review.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<bibRefCitation author="Koch, CL" journalOrPublisher="Tissue and Cell" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" refId="B159" refString="Koch, CL, 1838. Deutschlands Crustaceen, Myriapoden und Arachniden (D.C.M.A.)., 20.21 pp." title="Deutschlands Crustaceen, Myriapoden und Arachniden (D. C. M. A.)" year="1838">Koch (1838)</bibRefCitation>
established
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Cunaxidae" genus="Eupalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<pageBreakToken pageId="14" pageNumber="15" start="start">Eupalus</pageBreakToken>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and described the first mite belonging to
<taxonomicName authorityName="Den Heyer" authorityYear="1978" lsidName="" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Cunaxoidinae">Cunaxoidinae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="C.L.Koch" authorityYear="1838" class="Arachnida" family="Cunaxidae" genus="Eupalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="croceus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Eupalus croceus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation author="Baker, EW" journalOrPublisher="Anales de la Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biologicas Mexico" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" pagination="229 - 273" refId="B11" refString="Baker, EW, Hoffmann, A, 1948. Acaros de la familia Cunaxidae. Anales de la Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biologicas Mexico 5 (3-4): 229 - 273" title="Acaros de la familia Cunaxidae." volume="5" year="1948">Baker and Hoffmann (1948)</bibRefCitation>
proposed
<taxonomicName authorityName="Baker &amp; Hoffmann" authorityYear="1948" class="Arachnida" family="Cunaxidae" genus="Cunaxoides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Cunaxoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to replace
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Cunaxidae" genus="Eupalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Eupalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Koch as the name was preoccupied (a fact that acarologists had missed for 100 years) by
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Cunaxidae" genus="Eupalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Eupalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Gistl; they also redescribed and reillustrated a number of known species.
<bibRefCitation author="Radford, CD" journalOrPublisher="(Section d'entomoligie)" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" pagination="1 - 232" refId="B218" refString="Radford, CD, 1950. Systematic checklist of mite genera and type species. Union internationale des sciences biologiques. Serie C. (Section d'entomoligie) 1: 1 - 232" title="Systematic checklist of mite genera and type species. Union internationale des sciences biologiques. Serie C." volume="1" year="1950">Radford (1950)</bibRefCitation>
proposed
<taxonomicName authorityName="Radford" authorityYear="1950" class="Arachnida" family="Cunaxidae" genus="Haleupalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Actinedida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Haleupalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to replace
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Cunaxidae" genus="Eupalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Eupalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, though this name is invalid because it is predated by
<taxonomicName authorityName="Baker &amp; Hoffmann" authorityYear="1948" class="Arachnida" family="Cunaxidae" genus="Cunaxoides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Cunaxoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation author="Smiley, R" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Entomological Society of America" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" pagination="227 - 244" refId="B238" refString="Smiley, R, 1975. A generic revision of the mites of the family Cunaxidae (Acarina). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 68 (2): 227 - 244" title="A generic revision of the mites of the family Cunaxidae (Acarina)." volume="68" year="1975">Smiley (1975)</bibRefCitation>
erected
<taxonomicName authorityName="Smiley" authorityYear="1975" class="Arachnida" family="Cunaxidae" genus="Neocunaxoides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Neocunaxoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and reviewed
<taxonomicName authorityName="Baker &amp; Hoffmann" authorityYear="1948" class="Arachnida" family="Cunaxidae" genus="Cunaxoides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Cunaxoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Both genera were assigned to the newly established
<taxonomicName authorityName="Den Heyer" authorityYear="1978" lsidName="" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Cunaxoidinae">Cunaxoidinae</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation author="Den Heyer, J" journalOrPublisher="Acarologia" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" pagination="338 - 193" refId="B78" refString="Den Heyer, J, 1978c. A new cunaxid subfamily and the neotype designation of Cunaxoides croceus (Koch, 1838) (Prostigmata:Acari). Acarologia 20 (3): 338 - 193" title="A new cunaxid subfamily and the neotype designation of Cunaxoides croceus (Koch, 1838) (Prostigmata: Acari)." volume="20" year="1978 c">Den Heyer (1978c)</bibRefCitation>
.
<taxonomicName authorityName="Den Heyer" authorityYear="1978" class="Arachnida" family="Cunaxidae" genus="Pulaeus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Pulaeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was established by
<bibRefCitation author="Den Heyer, J" journalOrPublisher="Acarologia" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" pagination="18 - 31" refId="B80" refString="Den Heyer, J, 1979b. Pulaeus, a new cunaxid genus (Prostigmata: Acari). Acarologia 21 (1): 18 - 31" title="Pulaeus, a new cunaxid genus (Prostigmata: Acari)." volume="21" year="1979 b">Den Heyer (1979b)</bibRefCitation>
; the name is an anagram and nod to
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Cunaxidae" genus="Eupalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Eupalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation author="Den Heyer, J" journalOrPublisher="Acarologia" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" pagination="187 - 193" refId="B81" refString="Den Heyer, J, 1979c. Scutopalus, a new cunaxid genus from the Ethiopian Region (Prostigmata: Acari). Acarologia 21: 187 - 193" title="Scutopalus, a new cunaxid genus from the Ethiopian Region (Prostigmata: Acari)." volume="21" year="1979 c">Den Heyer (1979c)</bibRefCitation>
erected
<taxonomicName authorityName="Den Heyer" authorityYear="1979" class="Arachnida" family="Cunaxidae" genus="Scutopalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Scutopalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
for those cunaxoidines with well-demarcated dorsal and ventral plates.
<bibRefCitation author="Smiley, RL" journalOrPublisher="Indira Publishing House, West Bloomington, Michigan" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" refId="B239" refString="Smiley, RL, 1992. The predatory mite family Cunaxidae (Acari) of the world with a new classification. Indira Publishing House, West Bloomington, Michigan" title="The predatory mite family Cunaxidae (Acari) of the world with a new classification." year="1992">Smiley (1992)</bibRefCitation>
synonymized
<taxonomicName authorityName="Den Heyer" authorityYear="1979" class="Arachnida" family="Cunaxidae" genus="Scutopalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Scutopalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with
<taxonomicName authorityName="Smiley" authorityYear="1975" class="Arachnida" family="Cunaxidae" genus="Neocunaxoides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Neocunaxoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Radford" authorityYear="1950" class="Arachnida" family="Cunaxidae" genus="Haleupalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Actinedida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Haleupalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with
<taxonomicName authorityName="Baker &amp; Hoffmann" authorityYear="1948" class="Arachnida" family="Cunaxidae" genus="Cunaxoides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Cunaxoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; he also erected
<taxonomicName authorityName="Smiley" authorityYear="1992" class="Arachnida" family="Cunaxidae" genus="Denheyernaxoides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Denheyernaxoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Smiley" authorityYear="1992" class="Arachnida" family="Cunaxidae" genus="Paracunaxoides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Paracunaxoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as monotypic genera in two new subfamilies,
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Denheyernaxoidinae">Denheyernaxoidinae</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Paracunaxoidinae">Paracunaxoidinae</taxonomicName>
respectively. Castro and
<bibRefCitation author="Den Heyer, J" journalOrPublisher="Arthropod fauna of the UAE" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" pagination="17 - 25" refId="B92" refString="Den Heyer, J, 2009. . Arthropod fauna of the UAE Vol. 2: 17 - 25" volume="Vol. 2" year="2009">Den Heyer (2009)</bibRefCitation>
split a new genus,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Castro &amp; Den Heyer" authorityYear="2009" class="Arachnida" family="Cunaxidae" genus="Lupaeus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Lupaeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, from
<taxonomicName authorityName="Den Heyer" authorityYear="1978" class="Arachnida" family="Cunaxidae" genus="Pulaeus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Pulaeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on the number of setae on basifemora IV (1 and 2, respectively) and the number of pointed processes on the pedipalpal tibiotarsi (2 and 1, respectively).
<bibRefCitation author="Den Heyer, J" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" pagination="1 - 15" refId="B100" refString="Den Heyer, J, Castro, TMMG, 2009. Four new cunaxoidine genera (Acari: Prostigmata: Cunaxidae) and the description of two new Neotropical species. Zootaxa 2140: 1 - 15" title="Four new cunaxoidine genera (Acari: Prostigmata: Cunaxidae) and the description of two new Neotropical species." volume="2140" year="2009">Den Heyer and Castro (2009)</bibRefCitation>
split
<taxonomicName authorityName="Den Heyer &amp; Castro" authorityYear="2009" class="Arachnida" family="Cunaxidae" genus="Bunaxella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Bunaxella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Den Heyer &amp; Castro" authorityYear="2009" class="Arachnida" family="Cunaxidae" genus="Dunaxeus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Dunaxeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Den Heyer &amp; Castro" authorityYear="2009" class="Arachnida" family="Cunaxidae" genus="Funaxopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Funaxopsis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Den Heyer &amp; Castro" authorityYear="2009" class="Arachnida" family="Cunaxidae" genus="Qunaxella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Qunaxella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<taxonomicName authorityName="Baker &amp; Hoffmann" authorityYear="1948" class="Arachnida" family="Cunaxidae" genus="Cunaxoides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Cunaxoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; they also moved
<taxonomicName authorityName="Smiley" authorityYear="1992" class="Arachnida" family="Cunaxidae" genus="Denheyernaxoides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Denheyernaxoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Smiley" authorityYear="1992" class="Arachnida" family="Cunaxidae" genus="Paracunaxoides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Paracunaxoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to
<taxonomicName authorityName="Den Heyer" authorityYear="1978" lsidName="" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Cunaxoidinae">Cunaxoidinae</taxonomicName>
, thus disregarding
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Denheyernaxoidinae">Denheyernaxoidinae</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Paracunaxoidinae">Paracunaxoidinae</taxonomicName>
as valid subfamilies.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<pageBreakToken pageId="15" pageNumber="16" start="start">Gnathosoma</pageBreakToken>
</emphasis>
.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Pedipalps</emphasis>
3-segmented: a trochanter which lacks setae, fused femurogenu (femur + genu) which is complemented with 5 or 6 setae, and tibiotarsus (tibia + tarsus) which is complemented with 5 or 6 setae. Tibiotarsi may be complemented with a bladder- or bulb-like apophysis. Pedipalps do not reach beyond the subcapitulum by more than the distal half of the tibiotarsi.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Chelicera</emphasis>
with or without seta near the cheliceral digit.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Subcapitulum</emphasis>
with 4 pairs of setae (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">hg1</emphasis>
-
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">4</emphasis>
) are present; setae
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">hg4</emphasis>
is often the longest. 2 pairs of adoral setae are present or absent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Idiosoma, dorsal</emphasis>
. Female with proterosomal shield (absent in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kuznetzov &amp; Livshitz" authorityYear="1979" class="Arachnida" family="Cunaxidae" genus="Cunaxoides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ulcerosus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Cunaxoides ulcerosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) which is complemented with two pairs of setae (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">lps</emphasis>
and
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">mps</emphasis>
) and two pairs of setose sensillae (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">at</emphasis>
and
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">pt</emphasis>
) and may bear a hysterosomal plate complemented with a varying number of setae; when present the dorsal hysterosomal plate may be fused with the proterosomal shield. Dorsal plates well demarcated or not. Dorsal setae
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">c1</emphasis>
-
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">h1</emphasis>
are present;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">c2</emphasis>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">f2</emphasis>
and
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">h2</emphasis>
may also be present. If
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">f2</emphasis>
is present,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">f1</emphasis>
and
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">f2</emphasis>
may be located together on a small platelet. Setae not on larger plates may be born on small platelets barely larger than the setal socket. Cupule
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">im</emphasis>
present laterad and posterior of
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">e1</emphasis>
. Integument that is not covered in shields or plates is striated
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Idiosoma, ventral</emphasis>
.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Coxae</emphasis>
of female vary in size, from being restricted to the trochantral bases to being extensive and nearly forming a holoventral shield. Coxae may or may not be well demarcated. Coxae I-II fused (usually) or not, coxae III-IV fused (usually) or not. Coxae I-II may coalesce medially to form a sternal shield. The genital plates each bear 4 setae (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">g1</emphasis>
-
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">4</emphasis>
); 2 pairs of genital papillae visible underneath the plates. The anal plates bear one pair of setae (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">ps1</emphasis>
); one pair of setae is present ventrally on the integument near the anal plates (either
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">ps2</emphasis>
or
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">pa</emphasis>
). Cupule
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">ih</emphasis>
is present ventrally laterad the integumental setae associated with the anal plates. The integument that is not covered in shields or plates is striated.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Legs.</emphasis>
Tarsi never constricted apically so as to end in lobes. Trichobothrium on leg tibia IV present. Ambulacral claws are rippled and occur on either side of a 4-rayed empodium.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="key to adult female cunaxoidinae">
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
Key to adult female
<taxonomicName authorityName="Den Heyer" authorityYear="1978" lsidName="" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Cunaxoidinae">Cunaxoidinae</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
(modified from
<bibRefCitation author="Den Heyer, J" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" pagination="1 - 15" refId="B100" refString="Den Heyer, J, Castro, TMMG, 2009. Four new cunaxoidine genera (Acari: Prostigmata: Cunaxidae) and the description of two new Neotropical species. Zootaxa 2140: 1 - 15" title="Four new cunaxoidine genera (Acari: Prostigmata: Cunaxidae) and the description of two new Neotropical species." volume="2140" year="2009">Den Heyer and Castro 2009</bibRefCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<table inLine="true" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<tr pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<td colspan="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">1</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">Pedipalpal tibiotarsi with 3 sts, 1 spls; New Zealand</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Smiley" authorityYear="1992" class="Arachnida" family="Cunaxidae" genus="Paracunaxoides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Paracunaxoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Smiley, 1992
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<td colspan="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">Pedipalpal tibiotarsi with 5 or 6 sts, 0 spls</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">2</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<td colspan="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">2 (1)</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">
Pedipalpal femurogenu with 5 setae; long setae ending in terminal bulb-like knob (very small) on tarsi III and IV present; telofemoral setal formula not 5-5-4-3; usually 6 setae on pedipalp tibiotarsus
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="tribe" tribe="Cunaxoidini">Cunaxoidini</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">3</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<td colspan="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">
Pedipalpal femurogenu with 6 setae; long setae ending in terminal bulb-like knob (very small) on tarsi III and IV absent; telofemoral setal formula 5-5-4-3; usually 5 setae on pedipalp tibiotarsus
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="tribe" tribe="Pulaeini">Pulaeini</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">9</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<td colspan="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">3 (2)</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">
Femora I and II divided; setae
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">f2</emphasis>
absent; trichobothrium on tibiae IV present or absent
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">4</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<td colspan="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">
Femora I and II not divided; setae
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">f2</emphasis>
present; trichobothrium on tibiae IV absent
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Smiley" authorityYear="1992" class="Arachnida" family="Cunaxidae" genus="Denheyernaxoides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Denheyernaxoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Smiley, 1992
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<td colspan="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">4 (3)</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">
Dorsum with ill-defined weakly sclerotized dorsal plates (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 15–17" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figures 15 - 17. Cunaxoidinae key illustrations. Setae are removed from figures 16 - 17 for clarity 15 a Idiosoma with poorly demarcated dorsal plates 15 b Idiosoma with well demarcated dorsal plates 16 a Pedipalp tibiotarsus with subapical process and small teeth present 16 b Pedipalp tibiotarsus with subapical process and small teeth absent 17 a Pedipalp tibiotarsus with a single pointed process 17 b Pedipalp tibiotarsus with two pointed processes." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/29881" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 15a</figureCitation>
); subterminal pointed process on pedipalp tibiotarsal claw present (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 15–17" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figures 15 - 17. Cunaxoidinae key illustrations. Setae are removed from figures 16 - 17 for clarity 15 a Idiosoma with poorly demarcated dorsal plates 15 b Idiosoma with well demarcated dorsal plates 16 a Pedipalp tibiotarsus with subapical process and small teeth present 16 b Pedipalp tibiotarsus with subapical process and small teeth absent 17 a Pedipalp tibiotarsus with a single pointed process 17 b Pedipalp tibiotarsus with two pointed processes." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/29881" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 16a</figureCitation>
); small teeth (=serrated edge) on pedipalp tibiotarsal claw present (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 15–17" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figures 15 - 17. Cunaxoidinae key illustrations. Setae are removed from figures 16 - 17 for clarity 15 a Idiosoma with poorly demarcated dorsal plates 15 b Idiosoma with well demarcated dorsal plates 16 a Pedipalp tibiotarsus with subapical process and small teeth present 16 b Pedipalp tibiotarsus with subapical process and small teeth absent 17 a Pedipalp tibiotarsus with a single pointed process 17 b Pedipalp tibiotarsus with two pointed processes." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/29881" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 16a</figureCitation>
); cheliceral setae absent
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan="1">5</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<td colspan="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">
<pageBreakToken pageId="16" pageNumber="17" start="start">-</pageBreakToken>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">
Dorsum with well-defined and sclerotized dorsal plates (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 15–17" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figures 15 - 17. Cunaxoidinae key illustrations. Setae are removed from figures 16 - 17 for clarity 15 a Idiosoma with poorly demarcated dorsal plates 15 b Idiosoma with well demarcated dorsal plates 16 a Pedipalp tibiotarsus with subapical process and small teeth present 16 b Pedipalp tibiotarsus with subapical process and small teeth absent 17 a Pedipalp tibiotarsus with a single pointed process 17 b Pedipalp tibiotarsus with two pointed processes." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/29881" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 15b</figureCitation>
); subterminal pointed process on pedipalp tibiotarsal claw absent (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 15–17" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figures 15 - 17. Cunaxoidinae key illustrations. Setae are removed from figures 16 - 17 for clarity 15 a Idiosoma with poorly demarcated dorsal plates 15 b Idiosoma with well demarcated dorsal plates 16 a Pedipalp tibiotarsus with subapical process and small teeth present 16 b Pedipalp tibiotarsus with subapical process and small teeth absent 17 a Pedipalp tibiotarsus with a single pointed process 17 b Pedipalp tibiotarsus with two pointed processes." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/29881" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 16b</figureCitation>
); small teeth on pedipalp tibiotarsal claw absent (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 15–17" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figures 15 - 17. Cunaxoidinae key illustrations. Setae are removed from figures 16 - 17 for clarity 15 a Idiosoma with poorly demarcated dorsal plates 15 b Idiosoma with well demarcated dorsal plates 16 a Pedipalp tibiotarsus with subapical process and small teeth present 16 b Pedipalp tibiotarsus with subapical process and small teeth absent 17 a Pedipalp tibiotarsus with a single pointed process 17 b Pedipalp tibiotarsus with two pointed processes." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/29881" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 16b</figureCitation>
); cheliceral setae present
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Den Heyer" authorityYear="1979" class="Arachnida" family="Cunaxidae" genus="Scutopalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Scutopalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Den Heyer, 1979
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<td colspan="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">5 (4)</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">Trichobothrium on tibiae IV present; famulus present, on distal portion of tarsus I</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Baker &amp; Hoffmann" authorityYear="1948" class="Arachnida" family="Cunaxidae" genus="Cunaxoides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Cunaxoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<td colspan="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">Trichobothrium on tibiae IV absent; famulus present or absent</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">6</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<td colspan="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">6 (5)</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">Tibiae III with 1 bsl, 3-5 sts; tibiae IV with 2 or 4 sts</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">7</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<td colspan="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">Tibiae III with 1 lts, 4 sts; tibiae IV with 1 lsts, 4 sts</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Den Heyer &amp; Castro" authorityYear="2009" class="Arachnida" family="Cunaxidae" genus="Dunaxeus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Dunaxeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Den Heyer &amp; Castro, 2009
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<td colspan="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">7 (6)</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">Tibiae III with 1 bsl, 3-5 sts; tibiae IV with 1 lts, 2 sts</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Den Heyer &amp; Castro" authorityYear="2009" class="Arachnida" family="Cunaxidae" genus="Funaxopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Funaxopsis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Den Heyer &amp; Castro, 2009
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<td colspan="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">Tibiae III with 1 bsl, 5 sts; tibiae IV setal formula not as above</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">8</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<td colspan="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">8 (7)</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">Tibiae IV with 1 lsts, 4 sts; famulus present</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Den Heyer &amp; Castro" authorityYear="2009" class="Arachnida" family="Cunaxidae" genus="Qunaxella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Qunaxella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Den Heyer &amp; Castro, 2009
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<td colspan="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">Tibiae IV with 4 sts; famulus absent</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Den Heyer &amp; Castro" authorityYear="2009" class="Arachnida" family="Cunaxidae" genus="Bunaxella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Bunaxella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Den Heyer &amp; Castro, 2009
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<td colspan="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">9 (2)</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">
Setae
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">f2</emphasis>
present; basifemora I-IV setal formula 4-6-3-1 or 4-6-3-2
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">10</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<td colspan="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">
Setae
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">f2</emphasis>
absent; basifemora I-IV setal formula 3-5-2-0 (rarely with 3-5-2-1)
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Smiley" authorityYear="1975" class="Arachnida" family="Cunaxidae" genus="Neocunaxoides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Neocunaxoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Smiley, 1975
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<td colspan="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">10 (9)</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">
Basifemora I-IV setal formula 4-6-3-2; pedipalp tibiotarsus with one pointed process (ventral) (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 15–17" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figures 15 - 17. Cunaxoidinae key illustrations. Setae are removed from figures 16 - 17 for clarity 15 a Idiosoma with poorly demarcated dorsal plates 15 b Idiosoma with well demarcated dorsal plates 16 a Pedipalp tibiotarsus with subapical process and small teeth present 16 b Pedipalp tibiotarsus with subapical process and small teeth absent 17 a Pedipalp tibiotarsus with a single pointed process 17 b Pedipalp tibiotarsus with two pointed processes." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/29881" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 17a</figureCitation>
); famulus on proximal half of tarsus I; tibiae I-II with non-striated blunt solenidia
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Den Heyer" authorityYear="1978" class="Arachnida" family="Cunaxidae" genus="Pulaeus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Pulaeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Den Heyer, 1979
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<td colspan="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">
Basifemora I-IV setal formula 4-6-3-1; pedipalp tibiotarsus with two pointed processes (1 ventral, 1 median) (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 15–17" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figures 15 - 17. Cunaxoidinae key illustrations. Setae are removed from figures 16 - 17 for clarity 15 a Idiosoma with poorly demarcated dorsal plates 15 b Idiosoma with well demarcated dorsal plates 16 a Pedipalp tibiotarsus with subapical process and small teeth present 16 b Pedipalp tibiotarsus with subapical process and small teeth absent 17 a Pedipalp tibiotarsus with a single pointed process 17 b Pedipalp tibiotarsus with two pointed processes." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/29881" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 17b</figureCitation>
); famulus on distal half (subapical) of tarsus I; tibiae I-II with transversely striated blunt solenidia
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Castro &amp; Den Heyer" authorityYear="2009" class="Arachnida" family="Cunaxidae" genus="Lupaeus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Lupaeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Castro &amp; Den Heyer, 2009
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/29881" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" start="Figures 15–17" startId="F8">
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Figures 15-17.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Den Heyer" authorityYear="1978" lsidName="" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Cunaxoidinae">Cunaxoidinae</taxonomicName>
key illustrations. Setae are removed from figures
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">16-17</emphasis>
for clarity
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">15a</emphasis>
Idiosoma with poorly demarcated dorsal plates
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">15b</emphasis>
Idiosoma with well demarcated dorsal plates
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">16a</emphasis>
Pedipalp tibiotarsus with subapical process and small teeth present
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">16b</emphasis>
Pedipalp tibiotarsus with subapical process and small teeth absent
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">17a</emphasis>
Pedipalp tibiotarsus with a single pointed process
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">17b</emphasis>
Pedipalp tibiotarsus with two pointed processes.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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