146 lines
17 KiB
XML
146 lines
17 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1174.103324" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1174-85" ID-Pensoft-UUID="C382EDC7029755EFA1BC59D090835B37" ID-ZooBank="5C6509E838A34F6A878B08C6868E0D2A" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1174-85" checkinTime="1691559543624" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="McKamey, Stuart H." docDate="2023" docId="C64FD89CB8B35D11862496E983168D56" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1174: 85-95" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1174" docPubDate="2023-08-08" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1174.103324" docTitle="Smilidarnis Andrade 1989" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="C382EDC7029755EFA1BC59D090835B37" lastPageNumber="85" masterDocId="C382EDC7029755EFA1BC59D090835B37" masterDocTitle="Three new species of the Neotropical genus Smilidarnis Andrade (Hemiptera, Membracidae)" masterLastPageNumber="95" masterPageNumber="85" pageNumber="85" updateTime="1691559543624" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:titleInfo id="5F69A566D54868F48D926B8644F036A0">
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<mods:title id="97E4F24D9D3F6FF72F343CED10EAEF18">Three new species of the Neotropical genus Smilidarnis Andrade (Hemiptera, Membracidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="C239DB5A670DE1234F145B9088153464" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="0D425E2705BE443AEEEEB45D4E4EF932">McKamey, Stuart H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="32023DFF6D18BA4B0889F69D7C777367" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9617-0594</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="A99FF735F53ABF80E8C3DBEB3777E59D">Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture, c / o National Museum of Natural History, P. O. Box 37012, Washington, D. C. 20013, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="3FDF150DC5CBB779BA450D187D0A9C2B" type="email">stuart.mckamey@usda.gov</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="64C0C463369BBA8B4C0F0B32CCA0105D">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="6DED8EEAC7B6CCA47A73C99F6C50DEA6">ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="5147C79EBA55372799631B765765B840">
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<mods:date id="8DA58F717407A5A160D46419E06FB808">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="1C5B0AAFEDD347BA650C25A0880376E4" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="07DD608585B2F9D947A59DBBB25D3F4C">2023-08-08</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="74262EA8545A7E7E64F4983E097E88BA" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="87987506765D1F217AF4AB50F4613985">1174</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="17C851BD301B357C2B8C787C3A33C840">85</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="569D2047BEA2CBC2403503910A65DB8E">95</mods:end>
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<mods:url id="BA2841D752CC2701B349D9DD208632A5">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1174.103324</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="5464F62474CE5ACA636A15B1469B8F7A">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="F06367FB3C4A9878E5313D4870633B19" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1174.103324</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="E3F255A109C609D349AF564D45790736" type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1174-85</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="C64FD89CB8B35D11862496E983168D56" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C64FD89CB8B35D11862496E983168D56" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C64FD89CB8B35D11862496E983168D56" lastPageNumber="85" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">
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<subSubSection id="71E7D8551527DF4D93D65828C7EF6660" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="145C4EA8D137CC0169D03815EFCC14EA" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">
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<taxonomicName id="9D8C5162A3E13E3A9DC1CA395BFC823D" ID-CoL="7J5X" LSID="C64FD89C-B8B3-5D11-8624-96E983168D56" authority="Andrade 1989: 695" authorityName="Andrade" authorityYear="1989" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Smilidarnis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Smilidarnis" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Smilidarnis Andrade 1989: 695</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="174B8DF56287C835880CF8D96D5D108B" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" type="type species">
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<paragraph id="B46AD9C26F119BA74006737B71EAAF65" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">Type species.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E456EC87482008CD1731DBB15F63BA28" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">
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<taxonomicName id="CB9FE29D4E495A95A54D38E06A13ACFB" lsidName="S. fasciatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" rank="species" species="fasciatus">
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<emphasis id="2DFC6CF1F3848080849132E1D639DDA4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">S. fasciatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation id="61CC7D64D5B70911D689D812FA82FAF4" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-81751989000400015" author="Andrade, GS" journalOrPublisher="Revista Brasileira de Zoologia" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" pagination="695 - 699" refId="B2" refString="Andrade, GS, 1989. Smilidarnis, a new genus with two new species of Membracidae from South America (Homoptera). Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 6 (4): 695 - 699, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-81751989000400015" title="Smilidarnis, a new genus with two new species of Membracidae from South America (Homoptera)." url="https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-81751989000400015" volume="6" year="1989">Andrade 1989</bibRefCitation>
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: 696.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="760087B4256368B02D7AAC2E0F77FBDD" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="EBCEF59534FD98BEEFF459B9252CF465" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="DD5F2DBEF78ED5838BF38611C6089C2F" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">
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Pronotum with 3 posterior spines; forewing (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="E8361CA8E2B45E9106DA3E71CBCB91C2" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Smilidarnis robustus sp. nov., forewing and hind wing." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1174.103324.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/890186" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">1</figureCitation>
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) with veins R, M, and Cu fused basally, R and M strongly divergent at about 1/3 distance of wing length, with crossvein s (between radial veins), 1 r-m and 2 m-cu crossveins; hind wing (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="58CB2E793B504B21B10136B14D291F6B" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Smilidarnis robustus sp. nov., forewing and hind wing." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1174.103324.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/890186" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">1</figureCitation>
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) with 1 r-m and 1 m-cu crossvein; metathoracic trochanters without apposed processes; metathoracic tibia chaetotaxy variable.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3F96150B9A293E2A6C644E786A78E1E9" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="72C50A3233048C2E1681AD13717ACFC6" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C37760A77DDFF0E4DCB6CA7AF9AF30D3" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">South America.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="184160325F5AC74321A44A3AABBBED45" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" type="notes">
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<paragraph id="B2379BFCD275D28A2157A3565FC33C51" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">Notes.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9CE42C2B632A0B4AB1552E521FD02247" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">
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The only discrepancy between the generic description by
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<bibRefCitation id="2CD776217E9E8F9950C258F664A45E98" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-81751989000400015" author="Andrade, GS" journalOrPublisher="Revista Brasileira de Zoologia" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" pagination="695 - 699" refId="B2" refString="Andrade, GS, 1989. Smilidarnis, a new genus with two new species of Membracidae from South America (Homoptera). Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 6 (4): 695 - 699, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-81751989000400015" title="Smilidarnis, a new genus with two new species of Membracidae from South America (Homoptera)." url="https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-81751989000400015" volume="6" year="1989">Andrade (1989)</bibRefCitation>
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and the newly described species is that he reported metathoracic tibial cucullate rows II and III double and, by implication, row I single. This pattern is also found in
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<taxonomicName id="7BAD790CBAD5C9DF3C3E6D8394896245" authorityName="Goding" authorityYear="1892" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" rank="tribe" tribe="Ceresini">Ceresini</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="D911AA32543EF0B0D3945D6B414D4BE6" author="Deitz, LL" journalOrPublisher="North Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station Technical Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" pagination="1 - 177" publicationUrl="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.b3982411&view=1up&seq=52" refId="B5" refString="Deitz, LL, 1975. Classification of the higher categories of the New World treehoppers (Homoptera, Membracidae). North Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station Technical Bulletin 225: 1 - 177, https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.b3982411&view=1up&seq=52" title="Classification of the higher categories of the New World treehoppers (Homoptera, Membracidae)." url="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.b3982411&view=1up&seq=52" volume="225" year="1975">Deitz 1975</bibRefCitation>
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). In contrast,
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<taxonomicName id="0B92BC05545762E59F8F6C328E91674D" lsidName="S. duocornus" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" rank="species" species="duocornus">
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<emphasis id="7F92E254AE53A95FFC9AB8C241961DC2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">S. duocornus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has row I absent and
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<taxonomicName id="0CD3FFC5B7F582161008AFD6F0526721" lsidName="S. robustus" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" rank="species" species="robustus">
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<emphasis id="E0BF3D9ACB572C7417652D8C128322D0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">S. robustus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has rows I and III double and row II absent. Among
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<taxonomicName id="2440E71090F5881A7F537B9BF4103AA6" authorityName="Amyot & Audinet-Serville" authorityYear="1843" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Darninae">Darninae</taxonomicName>
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, some
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<taxonomicName id="4489471D1E15830AF96EFC388F275069" authorityName="Amyot & Serville" authorityYear="1843" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" rank="tribe" tribe="Darnini">Darnini</taxonomicName>
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and some
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<taxonomicName id="6EA7313044614F045032FC8CC029621A" authorityName="Goding" authorityYear="1929" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" rank="tribe" tribe="Hemikypthini">Hemikypthini</taxonomicName>
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lack tibial cucullate setae row I, but only some
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<taxonomicName id="AE7AC16BE51E709AC9ADCAA50AA4A15B" authorityName="Goding" authorityYear="1929" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" rank="tribe" tribe="Hemikypthini">Hemikypthini</taxonomicName>
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lack row II (
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<bibRefCitation id="1421877A46B6FACF86EF3D1885960E8B" author="Deitz, LL" journalOrPublisher="North Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station Technical Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" pagination="1 - 177" publicationUrl="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.b3982411&view=1up&seq=52" refId="B5" refString="Deitz, LL, 1975. Classification of the higher categories of the New World treehoppers (Homoptera, Membracidae). North Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station Technical Bulletin 225: 1 - 177, https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.b3982411&view=1up&seq=52" title="Classification of the higher categories of the New World treehoppers (Homoptera, Membracidae)." url="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.b3982411&view=1up&seq=52" volume="225" year="1975">Deitz 1975</bibRefCitation>
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). Consequently, leg chaetotaxy does not provide evidence resolving the relationship of
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<taxonomicName id="99475E5D268D00072ED8227422CA64BE" authorityName="Andrade" authorityYear="1989" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Smilidarnis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Smilidarnis" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="39B1C412C35516560DA5423870303515" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">Smilidarnis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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to other treehoppers.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="34620D152BEB506E3225A3D1D497276F" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">
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The forewing venation of the three new species described here matches that of
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<taxonomicName id="7EEEB13A28F9EEED5DA5AB80CEE1CAFC" lsidName="S. fasciatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" rank="species" species="fasciatus">
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<emphasis id="178012124DE22CC16D78331FF07CA49A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">S. fasciatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, in that the veins R4+5 and M1+2 are distally separate; in
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<taxonomicName id="09324DBDF9AF62CAA5A50A8021EFF0D2" lsidName="S. concolor" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" rank="species" species="concolor">
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<emphasis id="8D7BB2454F3527F0788B1AF100336259" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">S. concolor</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Andrade, those veins are confluent for short distance before the apex. Among all five species of
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<taxonomicName id="F605454140288FEFF251CE509BD1C362" authorityName="Andrade" authorityYear="1989" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Smilidarnis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Smilidarnis" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="3D3797F25914E93D3CFF5BF501ADE67B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">Smilidarnis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, only
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<taxonomicName id="8ED1C040285976B4B527E169CFB81FC5" lsidName="S. concolor" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" rank="species" species="concolor">
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<emphasis id="15DE1B3E5E1A414DF12D2C99C84D8BD5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">S. concolor</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has the forewing veins R and M fused then separated preapically (as in
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<taxonomicName id="EDB03EA8CC21C63BDCC1F77D0E9A2204" authorityName="Stal" authorityYear="1866" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Smiliinae">Smiliinae</taxonomicName>
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).
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<taxonomicName id="617D429E0D9119CD0CBCF68A4AD42F3E" authorityName="McKamey" authorityYear="2023" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Smilidarnis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Smilidarnis duocornus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="duocornus">
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<emphasis id="9985FC7B27214238F442E0F39D6924A3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">Smilidarnis duocornus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and S.
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<taxonomicName id="A67A64EC582EBBA6B34B02716262AF9A" authorityName="McKamey" authorityYear="2023" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Smilidarnis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Smilidarnis robustus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="robustus">
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<emphasis id="0EB7D71A4ED0A6AE4B4E35724504D235" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">Smilidarnis robustus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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resemble each other in the shape of the frontoclypeus and pronotum, as do the other three species resemble each other in these respects.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="175B4BCC0498F7F587A8D3988872C96A" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">
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In some membracids, the presence of abdominal fossae or digitate processes in adults (e.g., see
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<bibRefCitation id="6F75E514BC049CA2659FF0DE1F5BBCC0" author="Deitz, LL" journalOrPublisher="North Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station Technical Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" pagination="1 - 177" publicationUrl="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.b3982411&view=1up&seq=52" refId="B5" refString="Deitz, LL, 1975. Classification of the higher categories of the New World treehoppers (Homoptera, Membracidae). North Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station Technical Bulletin 225: 1 - 177, https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.b3982411&view=1up&seq=52" title="Classification of the higher categories of the New World treehoppers (Homoptera, Membracidae)." url="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.b3982411&view=1up&seq=52" volume="225" year="1975">Deitz 1975</bibRefCitation>
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: fig. 3a) are indicators of scoli in nymphs; the absence of these suggests that the nymphs of
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<taxonomicName id="4B9A691758B34677F4F4734E092058F6" authorityName="Andrade" authorityYear="1989" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Smilidarnis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Smilidarnis" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="6AE113A80C8E0B076DF26CAD9DA07EAA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="85">Smilidarnis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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probably lack scoli. Further collecting of these exceedingly rare treehoppers and happenstance rearing is needed to elucidate their biology and immatures.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |