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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1017.50619" ID-GBIF-Dataset="24faa4da-b3d3-4f16-9bd4-830c47e189a3" ID-PMC="PMC7895808" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1017-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="24D307470678503FA8737A34FDC87114" ID-PubMed="33633480" ID-ZooBank="D6C509102C7A46059FAEB3E25FE48C8A" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1017-1" checkinTime="1613177902248" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Hernandez, Osvaldo, Gomez-Gutierrez, Jaime &amp; Sanchez, Carlos" docDate="2021" docId="C60F5277D18F5D2C90302E257009C652" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1017: 1-20" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1017" docPubDate="2021-02-12" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1017.50619" docTitle="Leptogorgia iridis Hernández &amp; Gómez-Gutiérrez &amp; Sánchez 2021, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="38587E54-6E24-4949-BCF5-61FBB2982023" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" id="24D307470678503FA8737A34FDC87114" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="24D307470678503FA8737A34FDC87114" masterDocTitle="Three new species of the sea fan genus Leptogorgia (Octocorallia, Gorgoniidae) from the Gulf of California, Mexico" masterLastPageNumber="20" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1668149795896" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Three new species of the sea fan genus Leptogorgia (Octocorallia, Gorgoniidae) from the Gulf of California, Mexico</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Hernandez, Osvaldo</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Departamento de Ciencias Marinas y Costeras, Universidad Autonoma de Baja California Sur, Carretera al sur km 5.5, CP 23080, La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico &amp; Departamento de Plancton y Ecologia Marina, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Av. IPN, s / n, CP 23096, La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Gomez-Gutierrez, Jaime</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Departamento de Plancton y Ecologia Marina, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Av. IPN, s / n, CP 23096, La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Sanchez, Carlos</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7199-1268</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Departamento de Ciencias Marinas y Costeras, Universidad Autonoma de Baja California Sur, Carretera al sur km 5.5, CP 23080, La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">csanchez@uabcs.mx</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2021-02-12</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>1017</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>20</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1017.50619</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1017.50619</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1017-1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">D6C509102C7A46059FAEB3E25FE48C8A</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">24D307470678503FA8737A34FDC87114</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="177383166" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:38587E54-6E24-4949-BCF5-61FBB2982023" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C60F5277D18F5D2C90302E257009C652" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/38587E54-6E24-4949-BCF5-61FBB2982023" authority="Hernández &amp; Gómez-Gutiérrez &amp; Sánchez, 2021" authorityName="Hernández &amp; Gómez-Gutiérrez &amp; Sánchez" authorityYear="2021" class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Leptogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptogorgia iridis" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="iridis" status="sp. nov.">Leptogorgia iridis</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Leptogorgia iridis sp. nov., Scanning Electron Microscopy images of coenenchymal sclerites from the holotype NMNH- 1638551 A capstans B spindle C anthocodial rod sclerites." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1017.50619.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/509107" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figures 3</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Three new species of sea fans, colonies in situ, underwater images A Leptogorgia iridis sp. nov., San Juanito Island, Piedra El Morro, Islas Marias Archipelago, 10 m depth, 23 November 2010, a deep purple colony, at the base a small red wine colony of Leptogorgia ena B Leptogorgia iridis sp. nov., polyps close up C Leptogorgia martirensis sp. nov., Cueva Refugio, San Pedro Martir Island, Sonora, 2 - 3 m depth, 16 July 2010 into the cave several small colonies D Leptogorgia martirensis sp. nov., colony close up E Leptogorgia enrici sp. nov., Los Choros, BC, 25 m depth, 10 July 2009, two yellow colonies, a large colony of Eugorgia multifida in the background F Leptogorgia enrici sp. nov., El Bajo Sur, Cerralvo Island, BCS, 30 m depth, 23 June 2006, white colony G Leptogorgia enrici sp. nov., polyps close up. Photographs by Carlos Sanchez." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1017.50619.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/509112" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 8A, B</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Holotype</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
NMNH-1638551: dry
<normalizedToken originalValue="María">Maria</normalizedToken>
Magdalena Island (south west rocky point), Islas
<normalizedToken originalValue="Marías">Marias</normalizedToken>
Archipelago, Nayarit, Mexico (
<geoCoordinate degrees="21" direction="north" minutes="25.267" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="21.421116">21°25.267'N</geoCoordinate>
, -
<geoCoordinate degrees="106" direction="west" minutes="24.900" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-106.415">106°24.900'W</geoCoordinate>
), 10 m depth, 15 November 2010, collector Carlos
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sánchez">Sanchez</normalizedToken>
.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Paratypes</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
NMNH-1638552: dry
<normalizedToken originalValue="María">Maria</normalizedToken>
Madre Island (southern rocky point), Islas
<normalizedToken originalValue="Marías">Marias</normalizedToken>
Archipelago, Nayarit, Mexico (
<geoCoordinate degrees="21" direction="north" minutes="32.391" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="21.53985">21°32.391'N</geoCoordinate>
, -
<geoCoordinate degrees="106" direction="west" minutes="31.877" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-106.53128">106°31.877'W</geoCoordinate>
), 8 m depth, 18 November 2010, collector Carlos
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sánchez">Sanchez</normalizedToken>
. NMNH-1638553: dry
<normalizedToken originalValue="María">Maria</normalizedToken>
Madre Island (southwest rocky point, Islas
<normalizedToken originalValue="Marías">Marias</normalizedToken>
Archipelago, Nayarit, Mexico (
<geoCoordinate degrees="21" direction="north" minutes="32.391" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="21.53985">21°32.391'N</geoCoordinate>
, -
<geoCoordinate degrees="106" direction="west" minutes="31.877" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-106.53128">106°31.877'W</geoCoordinate>
), 8 m depth, 18 November 2010, two colonies connected by single holdfast, collector Carlos
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sánchez">Sanchez</normalizedToken>
. NMNH-1638554: dry,
<normalizedToken originalValue="María">Maria</normalizedToken>
Madre Island (southwest rocky point), Islas
<normalizedToken originalValue="Marías">Marias</normalizedToken>
Archipelago, Nayarit, Mexico (
<geoCoordinate degrees="21" direction="north" minutes="25.267" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="21.421116">21°25.267'N</geoCoordinate>
, -
<geoCoordinate degrees="106" direction="west" minutes="24.900" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-106.415">106°24.900'W</geoCoordinate>
), 10 m depth, 15 November 2010, collector Carlos
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sánchez">Sanchez</normalizedToken>
. NMNH-1638555: dry colony from El Faro de Cabo Corrientes,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bahía">Bahia</normalizedToken>
Banderas, Jalisco, Mexico (
<geoCoordinate degrees="20" direction="north" minutes="24.553" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="20.409216">20°24.553'N</geoCoordinate>
, -
<geoCoordinate degrees="105" direction="west" minutes="41.708" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-105.69514">105°41.708'W</geoCoordinate>
), 2013, collector Carlos
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sánchez">Sanchez</normalizedToken>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type locality">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type locality.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Islas
<normalizedToken originalValue="Marías">Marias</normalizedToken>
Archipelago is located in the southern region of the Gulf of California, Mexico (
<geoCoordinate degrees="21" direction="north" minutes="25.267" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="21.421116">21°25.267'N</geoCoordinate>
, -
<geoCoordinate degrees="106" direction="west" minutes="24.900" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-106.415">106°24.900'W</geoCoordinate>
) near the continental shelf-break about 158 km southwest of
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mazatlán">Mazatlan</normalizedToken>
, Sinaloa and 106 km northwest of
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bahía">Bahia</normalizedToken>
Banderas, Nayarit (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure l" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure l. Map of the Gulf of California and Mexican Pacific showing collection localities of the three new species of Leptogorgia." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1017.50619.figurel" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/509105" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">1</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Holotype colony description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Colony shows lateral branching and planar growth of 7 cm height and 8.1 cm width. Holdfast is 5 mm diameter and arises the main steam 2.1 cm length and 2 mm diameter, subdividing into two main branches (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Leptogorgia iridis sp. nov. A holotype NMNH- 1638551 B holotype anthocodial and coenenchymal sclerites C paratype NMNH- 1638553, two colonies with different color connected with a single holdfast D paratype NMNH- 1638554, monochromatic white chromotype." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1017.50619.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/509106" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2A</figureCitation>
). The longer branch grows up to 2.8 cm length and 2 mm diameter before dividing into secondary and further branches 1-2 mm in diameter. The smaller branches are 4 mm length and 1 mm diameter before subdividing and growing downward. The main stem shows three alternating and broken pinnula with a brownish nude axis of 0.5 mm diameter. Secondary and terminal twigs have blunt tips arising at 45° angles and of&gt; 2 mm diameter. The entire colony is yellow and deep purple, forming longitudinal bicolor striped patterns along the branches from the base to the tips of the colony (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Leptogorgia iridis sp. nov. A holotype NMNH- 1638551 B holotype anthocodial and coenenchymal sclerites C paratype NMNH- 1638553, two colonies with different color connected with a single holdfast D paratype NMNH- 1638554, monochromatic white chromotype." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1017.50619.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/509106" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2A</figureCitation>
). Polyp mounds are oval 1.0
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.5 mm, slightly raised by 1 mm with polyp rings, arranged in two rows along with the entire colony, except on the lower half of the stem.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1017.50619.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/509106" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hernández &amp; Gómez-Gutiérrez &amp; Sánchez" authorityYear="2021" class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Leptogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptogorgia iridis" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="iridis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Leptogorgia iridis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
holotype NMNH-1638551
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
holotype anthocodial and coenenchymal sclerites
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
paratype NMNH-1638553, two colonies with different color connected with a single holdfast
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
paratype NMNH-1638554, monochromatic white chromotype.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="holotype sclerites">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Holotype sclerites.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Coenenchymal sclerites of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hernández &amp; Gómez-Gutiérrez &amp; Sánchez" authorityYear="2021" class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Leptogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptogorgia iridis" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="iridis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Leptogorgia iridis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. holotype are mostly bright yellow or purple and few of them are bicolor or white (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Leptogorgia iridis sp. nov. A holotype NMNH- 1638551 B holotype anthocodial and coenenchymal sclerites C paratype NMNH- 1638553, two colonies with different color connected with a single holdfast D paratype NMNH- 1638554, monochromatic white chromotype." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1017.50619.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/509106" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2B</figureCitation>
). Dominant sclerites are capstans (0.06 mm length and 0.04 mm width) (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Leptogorgia iridis sp. nov., Scanning Electron Microscopy images of coenenchymal sclerites from the holotype NMNH- 1638551 A capstans B spindle C anthocodial rod sclerites." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1017.50619.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/509107" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">3A</figureCitation>
). Spindles are scarce (0.07 mm length and 0.03 mm width), slightly tuberculate, of white color with pale orange in the middle (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Leptogorgia iridis sp. nov., Scanning Electron Microscopy images of coenenchymal sclerites from the holotype NMNH- 1638551 A capstans B spindle C anthocodial rod sclerites." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1017.50619.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/509107" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">3B</figureCitation>
). Crosses measure up to 0.05 mm length and 0.05 mm width. Anthocodial sclerites are long rods of &lt;0.1 mm length and 0.02 mm width with acute ends and lobed margins (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Leptogorgia iridis sp. nov., Scanning Electron Microscopy images of coenenchymal sclerites from the holotype NMNH- 1638551 A capstans B spindle C anthocodial rod sclerites." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1017.50619.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/509107" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">3C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1017.50619.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/509107" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hernández &amp; Gómez-Gutiérrez &amp; Sánchez" authorityYear="2021" class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Leptogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptogorgia iridis" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="iridis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Leptogorgia iridis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov., Scanning Electron Microscopy images of coenenchymal sclerites from the holotype NMNH-1638551
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
capstans
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
spindle
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
anthocodial rod sclerites.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="morphological variations">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Morphological variations.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hernández &amp; Gómez-Gutiérrez &amp; Sánchez" authorityYear="2021" class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Leptogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptogorgia iridis" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="iridis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Leptogorgia iridis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. paratypes differ from the holotype in branch diameter and coloration. The morphotypes have a wide range of colorations due to the different proportion of sclerite colors and coenenchymal sclerite arrangement (Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Leptogorgia iridis sp. nov. A holotype NMNH- 1638551 B holotype anthocodial and coenenchymal sclerites C paratype NMNH- 1638553, two colonies with different color connected with a single holdfast D paratype NMNH- 1638554, monochromatic white chromotype." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1017.50619.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/509106" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2A-D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Three new species of sea fans, colonies in situ, underwater images A Leptogorgia iridis sp. nov., San Juanito Island, Piedra El Morro, Islas Marias Archipelago, 10 m depth, 23 November 2010, a deep purple colony, at the base a small red wine colony of Leptogorgia ena B Leptogorgia iridis sp. nov., polyps close up C Leptogorgia martirensis sp. nov., Cueva Refugio, San Pedro Martir Island, Sonora, 2 - 3 m depth, 16 July 2010 into the cave several small colonies D Leptogorgia martirensis sp. nov., colony close up E Leptogorgia enrici sp. nov., Los Choros, BC, 25 m depth, 10 July 2009, two yellow colonies, a large colony of Eugorgia multifida in the background F Leptogorgia enrici sp. nov., El Bajo Sur, Cerralvo Island, BCS, 30 m depth, 23 June 2006, white colony G Leptogorgia enrici sp. nov., polyps close up. Photographs by Carlos Sanchez." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1017.50619.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/509112" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">8A, B</figureCitation>
). There are four solid sclerite colorations: yellow, red, purple, and white or with a gradient of colorations among them, including bicolor chromotypes. A colony may have one or two sclerite colors, but their proportion and combination may create different patterns in the
<normalizedToken originalValue="colony’s">colony's</normalizedToken>
appearance. The holotype has yellow and purple sclerites with a longitudinal color arrangement giving the colony a bicolor (yellow and purple) appearance (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Leptogorgia iridis sp. nov. A holotype NMNH- 1638551 B holotype anthocodial and coenenchymal sclerites C paratype NMNH- 1638553, two colonies with different color connected with a single holdfast D paratype NMNH- 1638554, monochromatic white chromotype." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1017.50619.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/509106" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2A, B</figureCitation>
). The paratype NMNH-1638553 also has a mixing of sclerites, one colony has the major sclerite proportion of purple compared to white, and the other colony has a major proportion of white compared to purple sclerites, and both colonies have a scrambled sclerite arrangement giving the colonies their coloration (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Leptogorgia iridis sp. nov. A holotype NMNH- 1638551 B holotype anthocodial and coenenchymal sclerites C paratype NMNH- 1638553, two colonies with different color connected with a single holdfast D paratype NMNH- 1638554, monochromatic white chromotype." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1017.50619.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/509106" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2C</figureCitation>
). However, in several specimens, such as paratype NMNH-1638554, the colony and sclerite coloration is white (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Leptogorgia iridis sp. nov. A holotype NMNH- 1638551 B holotype anthocodial and coenenchymal sclerites C paratype NMNH- 1638553, two colonies with different color connected with a single holdfast D paratype NMNH- 1638554, monochromatic white chromotype." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1017.50619.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/509106" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2D</figureCitation>
). Colony growth forms of
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="L. iridis" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="iridis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. iridis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. have relatively low variability. The only different morphotype, so far collected exclusively at
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bahía">Bahia</normalizedToken>
Banderas, Jalisco, were colonies with similar coloration patterns to the holotype, but with relatively thicker branches (up to 4 mm diameter).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Purple and red
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hernández &amp; Gómez-Gutiérrez &amp; Sánchez" authorityYear="2021" class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Leptogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptogorgia iridis" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="iridis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Leptogorgia iridis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. have quite similar colony shapes. Both
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="L. iridis" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="iridis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. iridis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. chromotypes resemble the color of
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Leptogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptogorgia obscura" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="obscura">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Leptogorgia obscura</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Bielschowsky, 1929 and
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Leptogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptogorgia parva" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="parva">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Leptogorgia parva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Bielschowsky, 1929. However,
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="L. obscura" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="obscura">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. obscura</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has small anthocodial rods with blunt ends and
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="L. parva" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="parva">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. parva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has anthocodial rods with conspicuous lobed margins, which are absent in
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="L. iridis" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="iridis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. iridis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. Additionally,
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="L. obscura" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="obscura">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. obscura</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="L. parva" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="parva">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. parva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have only one known chromotype, and their terminal branches have acutely pointed ends. In contrast,
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="L. iridis" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="iridis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. iridis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov., has long anthocodial rods with acute ends and no lobed margins, showing up to five solid colony chromotypes and terminal branches with blunt ends.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="habitat">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Habitat and distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
The distribution of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hernández &amp; Gómez-Gutiérrez &amp; Sánchez" authorityYear="2021" class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Leptogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptogorgia iridis" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="iridis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Leptogorgia iridis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. covers part of the Central Tropical Mexican Pacific (Mexican Province in
<bibRefCitation author="Brusca, RC" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Biological Society of Washington" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="67 - 105" refId="B11" refString="Brusca, RC, Wallerstein, BR, 1979. Zoogeographic pattern of idoteid isopods in the northeast Pacific, with a review of shallow water zoogeography of the area. Bulletin of the Biological Society of Washington 3: 67 - 105" title="Zoogeographic pattern of idoteid isopods in the northeast Pacific, with a review of shallow water zoogeography of the area." volume="3" year="1979">Brusca and Wallerstein 1979</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2000.tb00166.x" author="Hasting, PA" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="319 - 335" refId="B15" refString="Hasting, PA, 2000. Biogeography of the Tropical Eastern Pacific: distribution and phylogeny of chaenopsid fishes. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 128 (3): 319 - 335, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2000.tb00166.x" title="Biogeography of the Tropical Eastern Pacific: distribution and phylogeny of chaenopsid fishes." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2000.tb00166.x" volume="128" year="2000">Hasting 2000</bibRefCitation>
) from
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bahía">Bahia</normalizedToken>
Banderas, Jalisco to Islas
<normalizedToken originalValue="Marías">Marias</normalizedToken>
Archipelago Nayarit, Mexico (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Leptogorgia iridis sp. nov. A holotype NMNH- 1638551 B holotype anthocodial and coenenchymal sclerites C paratype NMNH- 1638553, two colonies with different color connected with a single holdfast D paratype NMNH- 1638554, monochromatic white chromotype." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1017.50619.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/509106" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2</figureCitation>
).
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hernández &amp; Gómez-Gutiérrez &amp; Sánchez" authorityYear="2021" class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Leptogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptogorgia iridis" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="iridis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Leptogorgia iridis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. grows on shallow rocky reefs &lt;20 m depth. Purple colonies were mostly observed in shallow waters &lt;5 m depth, the bicolor colonies mostly at 7-8 m depth, and yellow colonies mostly observed at 10-20 m depth.
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hernández &amp; Gómez-Gutiérrez &amp; Sánchez" authorityYear="2021" class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Leptogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptogorgia iridis" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="iridis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Leptogorgia iridis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. shares habitat with
<taxonomicName authorityName="Breedy, Abeytia &amp; Guzman" authorityYear="2012" class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Leptogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptogorgia ena" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ena">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Leptogorgia ena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Breedy, Abeytia &amp; Guzman, 2012,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1864" class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Leptogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptogorgia rigida" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rigida">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Leptogorgia rigida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Verrill, 1864,
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Duchassaing &amp; Michelotti" baseAuthorityYear="1864" class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Leptogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptogorgia alba" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="alba">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Leptogorgia alba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Duchassaing &amp; Michelotti, 1864),
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Valenciennes" baseAuthorityYear="1846" class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Pacifigorgia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pacifigorgia arenata" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="arenata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pacifigorgia arenata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Valenciennes, 1846),
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Verrill" baseAuthorityYear="1864" class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Pacifigorgia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pacifigorgia agassizii" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="agassizii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pacifigorgia agassizii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Verrill, 1864),
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Verrill" baseAuthorityYear="1864" class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Pacifigorgia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pacifigorgia media" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="media">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pacifigorgia media</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Verrill, 1864),
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Valenciennes" baseAuthorityYear="1846" class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Pacifigorgia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pacifigorgia stenobrochis" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="stenobrochis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pacifigorgia stenobrochis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Valenciennes, 1846),
<taxonomicName authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1869" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Muricea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Muricea austera" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="austera">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Muricea austera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Verrill, 1869, and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1870" class="Anthozoa" family="Paramuriceidae" genus="Heterogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heterogorgia papillosa" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="papillosa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Heterogorgia papillosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Verrill, 1870.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hernández &amp; Gómez-Gutiérrez &amp; Sánchez" authorityYear="2021" class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Leptogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptogorgia iridis" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="iridis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Leptogorgia iridis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. is named from the Latin word
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hernández &amp; Gómez-Gutiérrez &amp; Sánchez" authorityYear="2021" class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Leptogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptogorgia iridis" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="iridis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Leptogorgia iridis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which means
<normalizedToken originalValue="“rainbow”">&quot;rainbow&quot;</normalizedToken>
due to the large number of chromotypes observed in the colonies. Large numbers of chromotypes are one of the main diagnostic characteristics of this novel tropical species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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