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<document id="D25411EBC0D8C406DDCEF3866A503DD2" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.5327310" ID-ISSN="0374-1036" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5327310" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630155910926" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Morris, Michael G., Sw, London &amp; Dt, Dorset" docDate="2011" docId="A56F5D4CBD32FF9695DC324970A6FDF8" docLanguage="en" docName="ActaEntMusNatPra.2011.51.1.157-182.pdf" docOrigin="Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 51 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:E9BE312A6EDF9B84FC5211AAA80D80BF.10:ActaEntMusNatPra.2005-2016.journal_article" docStyleId="E9BE312A6EDF9B84FC5211AAA80D80BF" docStyleName="ActaEntMusNatPra.2005-2016.journal_article" docStyleVersion="10" docTitle="Perapion fallax" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="166" masterDocId="59562534BD3AFF9F941F37707278FF8B" masterDocTitle="The Apionidae (Coleoptera) of the Canary Islands, with particular reference to the contribution of T. Vernon Wollaston" masterLastPageNumber="182" masterPageNumber="157" pageNumber="165" updateTime="1699167413029" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="F17321421AEC325498A405C2339E38EE">The Apionidae (Coleoptera) of the Canary Islands, with particular reference to the contribution of T. Vernon Wollaston</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A1712EE3DFC9D024EAA2441CF4A025B9">Morris, Michael G.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="A56F5D4CBD32FF9695DC324970A6FDF8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5386464" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5386464" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A56F5D4CBD32FF9695DC324970A6FDF8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A56F5D4CBD32FF9695DC324970A6FDF8" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="166" pageId="8" pageNumber="165">
<subSubSection id="65DCBFD1BD32FF9795DC32497142FADB" box="[451,826,1336,1361]" pageId="8" pageNumber="165" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="2D79EC5ABD32FF9795DC32497142FADB" blockId="8.[451,826,1336,1361]" box="[451,826,1336,1361]" pageId="8" pageNumber="165">
<heading id="76315B36BD32FF9795DC32497142FADB" bold="true" box="[451,826,1336,1361]" centered="true" fontSize="8" level="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="165" reason="3">
<taxonomicName id="EAC697D9BD32FF9795DC32497142FADB" authority="(Wollaston, 1864)" baseAuthorityName="Wollaston" baseAuthorityYear="1864" box="[451,826,1336,1361]" class="Insecta" family="Apionidae" genus="Perapion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fallax">
<emphasis id="1FB23048BD32FF9795DC32497142FADB" bold="true" box="[451,826,1336,1361]" pageId="8" pageNumber="165">
<emphasis id="1FB23048BD32FF9795DC32497016FADA" bold="true" box="[451,622,1336,1361]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="165">Perapion fallax</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="495791ABBD32FF9796633248714CFADB" author="WOLLASTON T. V." box="[636,820,1336,1360]" pageId="8" pageNumber="165" refId="ref13319" refString="WOLLASTON T. V. 1864: Catalogue of the Coleopterous insects of the Canaries in the collection of the British Museum. British Museum (Natural History), London, 648 pp." type="book" year="1864">Wollaston, 1864</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="65DCBFD1BD32FF969640322770A6FDF8" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="166" pageId="8" pageNumber="165" type="description">
<paragraph id="2D79EC5ABD32FF979640322770E6FAE1" blockId="8.[607,670,1367,1386]" box="[607,670,1367,1386]" pageId="8" pageNumber="165">
(
<figureCitation id="B5FDF0DFBD32FF97967A322770EEFAE1" box="[613,662,1367,1386]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="10.[151,190,1483,1502]" captionTargetBox="[173,1091,251,1455]" captionTargetId="figure-10@10.[151,1118,219,1477]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figs. 14. Habitus of the Apionidae of Canary Islands. 1 Perapion fallax (Wollaston, 1864), syntype, Wollaston Coll. (BMNH); 2 Phrissotrichum tubuliferum (Wollaston, 1864), syntype, Wollaston Coll. (BMNH); 3 Aspidapion acerifoliae Suppantschitsch, 1996, authors Coll.; 4 Aspidapion radiolus chalybeipenne (Wollaston, 1854), Wollaston Coll. (BMNH)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5327312" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5327312/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="165">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D79EC5ABD32FF9694AA32F37090FE7F" blockId="8.[151,1127,1410,1595]" lastBlockId="9.[113,1089,219,628]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="166" pageId="8" pageNumber="165">
<bibRefCitation id="495791ABBD32FF9794AA32F373F8FA11" author="WOLLASTON T. V." box="[181,384,1410,1434]" pageId="8" pageNumber="165" refId="ref13319" refString="WOLLASTON T. V. 1864: Catalogue of the Coleopterous insects of the Canaries in the collection of the British Museum. British Museum (Natural History), London, 648 pp." type="book" year="1864">WOLLASTON (1864)</bibRefCitation>
described this species under the name
<taxonomicName id="EAC697D9BD32FF97973832F4711CFA10" baseAuthorityName="Wollaston" baseAuthorityYear="1864" box="[807,868,1412,1435]" class="Insecta" family="Apionidae" genus="Perapion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fallax">
<emphasis id="1FB23048BD32FF97973832F4711CFA10" box="[807,868,1412,1435]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="165">fallax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The replacement name supplied by
<bibRefCitation id="495791ABBD32FF97950632D373C7FA31" author="WARNER R. E." box="[281,447,1442,1466]" pageId="8" pageNumber="165" pagination="348" refId="ref13221" refString="WARNER R. E. 1958: Apion neofallax, a new name for Apion fallax Wollaston (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society 16: 348." type="journal article" year="1958">WARNER (1958)</bibRefCitation>
(
<taxonomicName id="EAC697D9BD32FF9795D132D47049FA30" authorityName="Warner" authorityYear="1958" box="[462,561,1444,1467]" class="Insecta" family="Apionidae" genus="Apion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neofallax">
<emphasis id="1FB23048BD32FF9795D132D47049FA30" box="[462,561,1444,1467]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="165">neofallax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) is unjustified. Wollaston commented on the species similarity to the common European
<taxonomicName id="EAC697D9BD32FF97960632B47144FA50" authority="(Kirby, 1808)" baseAuthorityName="Kirby" baseAuthorityYear="1808" box="[537,828,1474,1499]" class="Insecta" family="Apionidae" genus="Perapion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="violaceum">
<emphasis id="1FB23048BD32FF97960632B470DAFA50" box="[537,674,1476,1499]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="165">P. violaceum</emphasis>
(Kirby, 1808)
</taxonomicName>
, and
<bibRefCitation id="495791ABBD32FF97976A32B3761FFA51" author="BRITO M. C. &amp; OROMI P." box="[885,1127,1474,1499]" pageId="8" pageNumber="165" pagination="1 - 81" refId="ref12106" refString="BRITO M. C. &amp; OROMI P. 1986: Los Apionidos de las Islas Canarias (Coleoptera, Curculionoidea). Publicaciones Cientificas Excmo. Cabildo Insular de Tenerife. Museo Insular de Ciencias Naturales 1: 1 - 81." type="journal article" year="1986">BRITO &amp; OROMÍ (1986)</bibRefCitation>
tabulated the differences between the two species. Like
<taxonomicName id="EAC697D9BD32FF9796C33294711AFA70" baseAuthorityName="Kirby" baseAuthorityYear="1808" box="[732,866,1508,1531]" class="Insecta" family="Apionidae" genus="Perapion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="violaceum">
<emphasis id="1FB23048BD32FF9796C33294711AFA70" box="[732,866,1508,1531]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="165">P. violaceum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="EAC697D9BD32FF979771329471BBFA70" baseAuthorityName="Wollaston" baseAuthorityYear="1864" box="[878,963,1508,1531]" class="Insecta" family="Apionidae" genus="Perapion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fallax">
<emphasis id="1FB23048BD32FF979771329471BBFA70" box="[878,963,1508,1531]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="165">P. fallax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
feeds as a larva in the stems of
<taxonomicName id="EAC697D9BD32FF97955E31747394F990" authority="(Rumex)" box="[321,492,1539,1563]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Polygonaceae" genus="Rumex" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="8" pageNumber="165" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Rumex">
<emphasis id="1FB23048BD32FF97955E317473F2F990" box="[321,394,1540,1563]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="165">Rumex</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="1FB23048BD32FF9795853174739BF990" box="[410,483,1540,1563]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="165">Rumex</emphasis>
)
</taxonomicName>
spp. (docks).
<bibRefCitation id="495791ABBD32FF979686317371F7F991" author="BRITO M. C. &amp; OROMI P." box="[665,911,1538,1563]" pageId="8" pageNumber="165" pagination="1 - 81" refId="ref12106" refString="BRITO M. C. &amp; OROMI P. 1986: Los Apionidos de las Islas Canarias (Coleoptera, Curculionoidea). Publicaciones Cientificas Excmo. Cabildo Insular de Tenerife. Museo Insular de Ciencias Naturales 1: 1 - 81." type="journal article" year="1986">BRITO &amp; OROMÍ (1986)</bibRefCitation>
recorded it from
<taxonomicName id="EAC697D9BD32FF97905031747301F9B1" authority="(Tree Sorrel)" baseAuthorityName="Tree Sorrel" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Polygonaceae" genus="Rumex" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="8" pageNumber="165" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lunaria">
<emphasis id="1FB23048BD32FF9790503174729EF9B0" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="165">R. lunaria</emphasis>
(Tree Sorrel)
</taxonomicName>
, but I have found it on that very common Canarian plant only in Gran Canaria (in
<date id="5978CA9ABD33FF9694F037AC7306FF7F" box="[239,382,220,244]" pageId="9" pageNumber="166" value="2004-01">January 2004</date>
at two sites) and in Lanzarote (in
<date id="5978CA9ABD33FF9696F537AC7104FF78" box="[746,892,219,244]" pageId="9" pageNumber="166" value="2005-01">January 2005</date>
, also at two sites); it is possible that
<taxonomicName id="EAC697D9BD33FF969533378D73E1FE9F" box="[300,409,253,276]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Polygonaceae" genus="Rumex" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="9" pageNumber="166" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lunaria">
<emphasis id="1FB23048BD33FF969533378D73E1FE9F" box="[300,409,253,276]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="166">R. lunaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is only palatable as a host of the adults when its foliage is fresh and tender.
<taxonomicName id="EAC697D9BD33FF9694F1366D73C4FEBF" baseAuthorityName="Warner" baseAuthorityYear="1958" box="[238,444,285,308]" class="Insecta" family="Apionidae" genus="Perapion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neofallax">
<emphasis id="1FB23048BD33FF9694F1366D73C4FEBF" box="[238,444,285,308]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="166">Perapion neofallax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurred in some numbers on
<taxonomicName id="EAC697D9BD33FF969716366D71BEFEBF" box="[777,966,285,308]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Polygonaceae" genus="Rumex" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="9" pageNumber="166" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="conglomeratus">
<emphasis id="1FB23048BD33FF969716366D71BEFEBF" box="[777,966,285,308]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="166">R. conglomeratus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in Tenerife (
<date id="5978CA9ABD33FF969467364B7287FEDF" box="[120,255,315,340]" pageId="9" pageNumber="166" value="2001-03">March 2001</date>
) and La Palma (
<date id="5978CA9ABD33FF9695AE364B702AFEDF" box="[433,594,315,340]" pageId="9" pageNumber="166" value="1998-02">February 1998</date>
) and in both islands it also occurred on
<taxonomicName id="EAC697D9BD33FF96901A364D72BAFEFF" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Polygonaceae" genus="Emex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="9" pageNumber="166" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="spinosa">
<emphasis id="1FB23048BD33FF96901A364D72BAFEFF" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="166">Emex spinosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Larvae were found in stems of the latter plant in the Orotava Valley in
<date id="5978CA9ABD33FF9697A6362B7646FEFF" box="[953,1086,347,372]" pageId="9" pageNumber="166" value="1993-03">March 1993</date>
.
<taxonomicName id="EAC697D9BD33FF96946E360D7360FE1F" baseAuthorityName="Wollaston" baseAuthorityYear="1864" box="[113,280,381,404]" class="Insecta" family="Apionidae" genus="Perapion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fallax">
<emphasis id="1FB23048BD33FF96946E360D7360FE1F" box="[113,280,381,404]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="166">Perapion fallax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been recorded from all the islands;
<bibRefCitation id="495791ABBD33FF9696A4360C71ACFE1F" author="MACHADO A. &amp; OROMI P." box="[699,980,380,404]" pageId="9" pageNumber="166" refId="ref12791" refString="MACHADO A. &amp; OROMI P. 2000: Elenco de los Coleopteros de las Islas Canarias. Catalogue of the Coleoptera of the Canary Islands. Instituto de Estudios Canarios, La Laguna, 308 pp." type="book" year="2000">MACHADO &amp; OROMÍ (2000)</bibRefCitation>
omitted it from La Gomera, but
<bibRefCitation id="495791ABBD33FF96954236EC7028FE38" author="BRITO M. C. &amp; OROMI P." box="[349,592,411,436]" pageId="9" pageNumber="166" pagination="1 - 81" refId="ref12106" refString="BRITO M. C. &amp; OROMI P. 1986: Los Apionidos de las Islas Canarias (Coleoptera, Curculionoidea). Publicaciones Cientificas Excmo. Cabildo Insular de Tenerife. Museo Insular de Ciencias Naturales 1: 1 - 81." type="journal article" year="1986">BRITO &amp; OROMÍ (1986)</bibRefCitation>
included the record of a single example taken there by Lindberg. It is not restricted to the
<collectingRegion id="EF0222B8BD33FF96962B36CC70AAFE58" box="[564,722,443,468]" country="Spain" name="Canarias" pageId="9" pageNumber="166">Canary Islands</collectingRegion>
but has been found in North Africa and southern
<collectingCountry id="55D1ACCABD33FF96951E36AB7346FE78" box="[257,318,475,499]" name="Spain" pageId="9" pageNumber="166">Spain</collectingCountry>
(M. A. Alonso-Zarazaga, pers. comm.).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D79EC5ABD33FF96948F368B70A6FDF8" blockId="9.[113,1089,219,628]" pageId="9" pageNumber="166">
Wollastons BMNH collection contains
<specimenCount id="3BC027D3BD33FF969624368C70FCFD98" box="[571,644,507,532]" pageId="9" pageNumber="166" type="male">4 male</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="3BC027D3BD33FF9696A7368C716EFD98" box="[696,790,507,532]" pageId="9" pageNumber="166" type="female">4 female</specimenCount>
specimens, from La Palma, Tenerife, Gran Canaria and Lanzarote. The example labelled Type is a male and colourcoded for Lanzarote.
<specimenCount id="3BC027D3BD33FF969548354B73D1FDD8" box="[343,425,571,595]" pageId="9" pageNumber="166" type="male">5 males</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="3BC027D3BD33FF9695C1354C703EFDD8" box="[478,582,571,596]" pageId="9" pageNumber="166" type="female">4 females</specimenCount>
are in the OUMNH collection, from El Hierro, La Palma, Tenerife, Lanzarote and possibly Gran Canaria.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>