485 lines
35 KiB
XML
485 lines
35 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.922.47347" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f94a7c97-425f-4d66-852e-66a741464451" ID-PMC="PMC7113326" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-922-35" ID-Pensoft-UUID="7772936E99345721AD10456A2BF85DBB" ID-PubMed="32256155" ID-ZooBank="462604F5F07B4F739DEE7346D230ABCA" ModsDocID="1313-2970-922-35" checkinTime="1585189718473" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Castro, Daniel, Constantini, Joice P., Scheffrahn, Rudolf H., Carrijo, Tiago F. & Cancello, Eliana M." docDate="2020" docId="A54E1CA49EE35A01BA178AC2C2747EDE" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 922: 35-49" docOrigin="ZooKeys 922" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.922.47347" docTitle="Rustitermes Constantini, Castro & Scheffrahn 2020, gen. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="A6BB62D4-9A1E-4FAD-A0B3-B16B56D4CB87" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" id="7772936E99345721AD10456A2BF85DBB" lastPageNumber="35" masterDocId="7772936E99345721AD10456A2BF85DBB" masterDocTitle="Rustitermes boteroi, a new genus and species of soldierless termites (Blattodea, Isoptera, Apicotermitinae) from South America" masterLastPageNumber="49" masterPageNumber="35" pageNumber="35" updateTime="1668168659721" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
|
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
|
<mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:title>Rustitermes boteroi, a new genus and species of soldierless termites (Blattodea, Isoptera, Apicotermitinae) from South America</mods:title>
|
|
</mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:name type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role>
|
|
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart>Castro, Daniel</mods:namePart>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:name type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role>
|
|
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart>Constantini, Joice P.</mods:namePart>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:name type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role>
|
|
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart>Scheffrahn, Rudolf H.</mods:namePart>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:name type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role>
|
|
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart>Carrijo, Tiago F.</mods:namePart>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:name type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role>
|
|
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart>Cancello, Eliana M.</mods:namePart>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
|
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
|
<mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
|
|
</mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:part>
|
|
<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
|
|
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
|
<mods:number>922</mods:number>
|
|
</mods:detail>
|
|
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
|
<mods:start>35</mods:start>
|
|
<mods:end>49</mods:end>
|
|
</mods:extent>
|
|
</mods:part>
|
|
</mods:relatedItem>
|
|
<mods:location>
|
|
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.922.47347</mods:url>
|
|
</mods:location>
|
|
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
|
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.922.47347</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-922-35</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">462604F5F07B4F739DEE7346D230ABCA</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">7772936E99345721AD10456A2BF85DBB</mods:identifier>
|
|
</mods:mods>
|
|
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="163290388" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A6BB62D4-9A1E-4FAD-A0B3-B16B56D4CB87" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A54E1CA49EE35A01BA178AC2C2747EDE" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="35" type="nomenclature">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
|
|
<taxonomicName LSID="A54E1CA4-9EE3-5A01-BA17-8AC2C2747EDE" authority="Constantini, Castro & Scheffrahn" authorityName="Constantini, Castro & Scheffrahn" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Rustitermes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rustitermes" order="Blattodea" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">Rustitermes Constantini, Castro & Scheffrahn</taxonomicName>
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="35">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="35" type="type species">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Type species.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Constantini, Castro & Scheffrahn" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Rustitermes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rustitermes boteroi" order="Blattodea" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boteroi">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Rustitermes boteroi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="35" type="diagnosis">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Enteric valve with six slightly asymmetrical cushions. Each cushion forming a central pouch made of scales smaller than those between the cushions. Each cushion composed of about 60-80 scales, wider at the base and narrower at the apex. Posterior portion of pads truncated, with 35 to 50 rectangular scales arranged from the middle to the apex of the cushion and increasing in density in this same direction.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Imago</emphasis>
|
|
(Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Female imago head capsule, pronotum and fore leg of Rustitermes boteroi sp. nov. A dorsal view B lateral view. Specimen from lot MZUSP 26677. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.922.47347.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/393906" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">1</figureCitation>
|
|
; Table
|
|
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Measurements (mm) of imagos of Rustitermes boteroi sp. nov. from colony MZUSP 26677." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/F3E6299050D59B2F429EFE419F02307A" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" tableUuid="F3E6299050D59B2F429EFE419F02307A">1</tableCitation>
|
|
). Fontanelle inconspicuous in both sexes, the region of the fontanelle depressed; medium spot slightly conspicuous. Left mandible with apical tooth a little bit larger than M1 + 2; M3 triangular with lateral margins forming an obtuse angle; non-conspicuous premolar process; molar process not hidden by molar prominence (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Rustitermes boteroi sp. nov. A, B worker head capsule in dorsal and lateral view C imago mandibles D worker mandibles E worker right fore tibia F live habitus of worker. MP = molar process. Specimens from lot CATAC 1797 (A, B), MZUSP 26677 (C, D), BO 437 (E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.922.47347.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/393907" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">2C</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.922.47347.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/393906" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" start="Figure 1" startId="F1">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Figure 1.</emphasis>
|
|
Female imago head capsule, pronotum and fore leg of
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Constantini, Castro & Scheffrahn" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Rustitermes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rustitermes boteroi" order="Blattodea" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boteroi">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Rustitermes boteroi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov.
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">A</emphasis>
|
|
dorsal view
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">B</emphasis>
|
|
lateral view. Specimen from lot MZUSP 26677. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<caption ID-Table-UUID="F3E6299050D59B2F429EFE419F02307A" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/F3E6299050D59B2F429EFE419F02307A" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" start="Table 1" startId="T1">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Table 1.</emphasis>
|
|
Measurements (mm) of imagos of
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Constantini, Castro & Scheffrahn" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Rustitermes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rustitermes boteroi" order="Blattodea" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boteroi">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Rustitermes boteroi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov. from colony MZUSP 26677.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
|
|
<table pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
|
|
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
|
|
<th colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rowspan="2">-</th>
|
|
<th colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">Female (n = 4)</th>
|
|
<th colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">Male (n = 5)</th>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
|
|
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">Range</th>
|
|
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">Mean</th>
|
|
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">Range</th>
|
|
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">Mean</th>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">Length of head</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">0.78-0.92</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">0.83</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">0.65-0.78</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">0.75</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">Width of head with eyes</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">1.13-1.20</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">1.18</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">1.12-1.15</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">1.12</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">Maximum diameter of compound eye</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">0.27</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">0.27</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">0.27-0-28</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">0.27</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">Inter-eye distance</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">0.87-0.95</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">0.93</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">0.87-0.88</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">0.87</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">Maximum diameter of ocellus</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">0.12</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">0.12</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">0.11-0.12</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">0.11</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">Minimum diameter of ocellus</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">0.08-0.09</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">0.09</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">0.08-0.09</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">0.09</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">Eye-ocellus distance</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">0.08-0.11</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">0.1</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">0.08-0.1</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">0.09</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">Length of pronotum</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">0.57-0.63</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">0.6</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">0.55-0.58</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">0.56</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">Width of pronotum</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">1.00-1.08</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">1.04</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">0.97-0.98</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">0.97</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">Length of forewing with scale</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">11.60-12.13</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">11.82</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">10.40-10.53</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">10.47</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">Width of fore tibia</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">0.13</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">0.13</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">0.13</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">0.13</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">Length of fore tibia</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">0.88-0.95</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">0.93</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">0.83-0.88</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">0.86</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.922.47347.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/393907" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Figure 2.</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Constantini, Castro & Scheffrahn" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Rustitermes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rustitermes boteroi" order="Blattodea" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boteroi">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Rustitermes boteroi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov.
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">A, B</emphasis>
|
|
worker head capsule in dorsal and lateral view
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">C</emphasis>
|
|
imago mandibles
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">D</emphasis>
|
|
worker mandibles
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">E</emphasis>
|
|
worker right fore tibia
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">F</emphasis>
|
|
live habitus of worker. MP = molar process. Specimens from lot CATAC 1797 (
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">A, B</emphasis>
|
|
), MZUSP 26677 (
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">C, D</emphasis>
|
|
), BO437 (
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">E</emphasis>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Head capsule with short, sparse bristles; coloration of head capsule dark brown; frontal marks slightly lighter than rest of head capsule, with poorly defined margins. Pronotum subhexagonal, with anterior margin straight, without central incision; lateral margins very straight and well-marked; pronotum with few sparse bristles and short hairs. Tergites and sternites with short hairs covering the plates. Fore coxa with a set of 4-5 prominent long bristles; inner face of fore tibia with two rows of 6-7 thick bristles.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Worker</emphasis>
|
|
(Figs
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Rustitermes boteroi sp. nov. A, B worker head capsule in dorsal and lateral view C imago mandibles D worker mandibles E worker right fore tibia F live habitus of worker. MP = molar process. Specimens from lot CATAC 1797 (A, B), MZUSP 26677 (C, D), BO 437 (E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.922.47347.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/393907" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">2</figureCitation>
|
|
-
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Worker enteric valve of Rustitermes boteroi sp. nov. A EV fully stretched laterally, showing the six cushions (end cushion bisected) B EV detail of smallest cushion in A C whole mount EV lateral profile of cushions. Food flow in each image from bottom to top." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.922.47347.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/393909" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">4</figureCitation>
|
|
). Monomorphic. Small and rounded fontanelle; postclypeus rather slightly inflated; head capsule covered with medium and long bristles. Left mandible with prominent apical tooth compared to M1 + 2, triangular M3 with lateral margins forming a right/acute angle, molar process not concealed by molar prominence. Pronotum with long bristles, concentrated along margin of anterior and posterior lobes. Tergites and sternites with dense cover of long bristles, facing the posterior region or upwards. Fore coxa with a set of 4-5 thick bristles; inner face of fore femur with long bristles. Fore tibia moderately inflated, inner face of fore tibia with two rows of 6-7 thick bristles.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.922.47347.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/393908" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Figure 3.</emphasis>
|
|
Digestive tube from left to right: dorsal, right, ventral and left views (gut regions indicated:
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">C</emphasis>
|
|
= crop,
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">M</emphasis>
|
|
= mesenteron,
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">P1</emphasis>
|
|
= ileum,
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">P3a</emphasis>
|
|
and
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">b</emphasis>
|
|
= paunch,
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">P4</emphasis>
|
|
= colon,
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">P5</emphasis>
|
|
= rectum, EVS = enteric valve seating). Scale bar: 0.5 mm.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.922.47347.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/393909" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Figure 4.</emphasis>
|
|
Worker enteric valve of
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Constantini, Castro & Scheffrahn" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Rustitermes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rustitermes boteroi" order="Blattodea" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boteroi">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Rustitermes boteroi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov.
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">A</emphasis>
|
|
EV fully stretched laterally, showing the six cushions (end cushion bisected)
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">B</emphasis>
|
|
EV detail of smallest cushion in A
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">C</emphasis>
|
|
whole mount EV lateral profile of cushions. Food flow in each image from bottom to top.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
|
|
Mixed segment (MS) separated from ileum (P1) by a simple transverse junction; P1 of uniform width along entire length, forming an inverted C in ventral view. Enteric valve without armature, with six pyriform cushions of slightly different dimensions, the two largest and two smallest cushions adjacent to each other. The center of each cushion is formed into a lumen-facing pouch consisting of about 60 fringed scales. The remainder of the cushions consists of 50-75 (depending on size of cushion) larger fringed polygons. The cuticle between the cushions is composed of even larger fringed cuboidal scales. All cushions are wider at base (near P1) and narrower at apex (near P3). Tubular and short EV seating. Worker measurements highly variable among and within different colonies (Table
|
|
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Measurements (mm) of 9 colonies (n = 10) of Rustitermes boteroi sp. nov. L = length, W = width." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/A2AEE297724C1F4D3AD0CF90089E31B8" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" tableUuid="A2AEE297724C1F4D3AD0CF90089E31B8">2</tableCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption ID-Table-UUID="A2AEE297724C1F4D3AD0CF90089E31B8" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/A2AEE297724C1F4D3AD0CF90089E31B8" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" start="Table 2" startId="T2">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Table 2.</emphasis>
|
|
Measurements (mm) of 9 colonies (n = 10) of
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Constantini, Castro & Scheffrahn" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Rustitermes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rustitermes boteroi" order="Blattodea" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boteroi">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Rustitermes boteroi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov. L = length, W = width.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
|
|
<table pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
|
|
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
|
|
<th colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">-</th>
|
|
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">Length of head with postclypeus</th>
|
|
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">Max. width of head</th>
|
|
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">Hind tibia L</th>
|
|
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">Fore tibia W</th>
|
|
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">Fore tibia L</th>
|
|
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">Ratio fore tibia W/L</th>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">Holotype</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">0.95</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">0.95</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">0.88</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">0.18</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">0.58</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">0.30</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">PU602</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">0.79-0.89 (0.86)</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">0.96-1.00 (0.99)</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">0.95-1.04 (0.99)</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">0.14-0.16 (0.15)</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">0.74-0.79 (0.78)</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">0.18-0.21 (0.20)</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">AG360</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">0.8-1.05 (0.86)</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">0.85-1.18 (0.92)</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">0.53-0.75 (0.63)</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">0.10-0.15 (0.13)</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">0.43-0.53 (0.46)</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">0.24-0.29 (0.28)</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">BO431</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">0.82-0.96 (0.90)</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">1.02-1.09 (1.04)</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">0.89-0.98 (0.95)</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">0.14-0.18 (0.16)</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">0.72-0.77 (0.75)</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">0.18-0.23 (0.21)</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">EC400</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">0.92-0.95 (0.89)</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">1.0-1.04 (1.01)</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">0.98-1.04 (1.01)</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">0.16-0.19 (0.18)</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">0.77-0.82 (0.80)</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">0.20-0.24 (0.23)</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">MZUSP 13712</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">0.80-0.84 (0.83)</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">0.98-1.12 (1.04)</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">0.77-0.88 (0.84)</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">0.13-0.18 (0.15)</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">0.63-0.72 (0.67)</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">0.19-0.26 (0.22)</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">FG411</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">0.80-0.85 (0.82)</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">0.87-0.93 (0.89)</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">0.68-0.80 (0.74)</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">0.17-0.20 (0.18)</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">0.55-0.58 (0.57)</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">0.33-0,35 (0.33)</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">PA8</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">0.82-0.89 (0.85)</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">0.88-0.95 (0.91)</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">0.88-0.96 (0.91)</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">0.16-0.19 (0.18)</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">0.68-0.75 (0.73)</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">0.21-0.27 (0.24)</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">TT1614</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">0.77-0.88 (0.82)</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">0.86-0.91 (0.89)</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">0.88-0.96 (0.90)</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">0.14-0.18 (0.16)</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">0.70-0.74 (0.72)</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">0.19-0.24 (0.22)</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">CATAC-0954</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">0.85-1.01 (0.91)</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">0.93-1.02 (0.99)</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">0.77-0.85 (0.82)</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">0.16-0.20 (0.18)</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">0.65-0.71 (0.69)</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">0.20-0.24 (0.22)</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="35" type="comparisons">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Comparison and remarks.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
|
|
The digestive tube coiling of the new genus is similar to
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Hydrecotermes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hydrecotermes" order="Blattodea" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Hydrecotermes</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, but
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="R. boteroi" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rank="species" species="boteroi">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">R. boteroi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov. can be differentiated by the worker, which has thick bristles along the inner margin of the fore tibia, absent in
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Hydrecotermes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hydrecotermes" order="Blattodea" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Hydrecotermes</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. In the workers, the enteric valve and the digestive tube may be similar to
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Aparatermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aparatermes" order="Blattodea" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Aparatermes</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, but the cuticle between the cushions in
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Aparatermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aparatermes" order="Blattodea" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Aparatermes</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
does not have cuboidal scales. In
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Aparatermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aparatermes" order="Blattodea" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Aparatermes</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
the insertion of P1 in P3 occurs in dorsal view with a trilobate EV setting, in
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Constantini, Castro & Scheffrahn" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Rustitermes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rustitermes" order="Blattodea" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Rustitermes</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
the enteric valve seating (EVS) is not trilobate. Also, the enteric valve of
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Aparatermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aparatermes" order="Blattodea" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Aparatermes</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
has small spines or pointy scales, which are absent in
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="R. boteroi" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rank="species" species="boteroi">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">R. boteroi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov.; in addition, the EV in
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Aparatermes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aparatermes" order="Blattodea" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Aparatermes</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
has the posterior portion of the pads without scales. The imago presents a visible molar process and fore tibia with two rows of thick bristles.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="35" type="molecular analysis">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Molecular analysis.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
|
|
The Bayesian phylogeny using the COI marker clearly separates
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Constantini, Castro & Scheffrahn" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Rustitermes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rustitermes" order="Blattodea" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Rustitermes</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
gen. nov. from the other soldierless termites (Figure
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Bayesian phylogenetic tree of the Apicotermitinae subfamily using the COI region. In red, Rustitermes boteroi gen. et sp. nov. Branch support is posterior probability." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.922.47347.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/393910" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">5</figureCitation>
|
|
). The new genus was recovered as sister group of
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Patawatermes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Patawatermes" order="Blattodea" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Patawatermes</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, but without high posterior probability support.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.922.47347.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/393910" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" start="Figure 5" startId="F5">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Figure 5.</emphasis>
|
|
Bayesian phylogenetic tree of the
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Apicotermitinae">Apicotermitinae</taxonomicName>
|
|
subfamily using the COI region. In red,
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Constantini, Castro & Scheffrahn" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Rustitermes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rustitermes boteroi" order="Blattodea" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boteroi">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Rustitermes boteroi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
gen. et sp. nov. Branch support is posterior probability.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="35" type="etymology">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="35">
|
|
Named in honor of Michael K. Rust, retired professor of urban entomology at the University of California, Riverside (UCR), and mentor of RHS. Mike encouraged RHS to publish his first taxonomic paper (
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Scheffrahn, RH" journalOrPublisher="Sociobiology" pageId="0" pageNumber="35" pagination="77 - 87" refId="B34" refString="Scheffrahn, RH, Rust, MK, 1983. Tenuirostritermes cinereus (Buckley), a nasutitermitine termite from southcentral Texas (Isoptera: Termitidae). Sociobiology 8: 77 - 87" title="Tenuirostritermes cinereus (Buckley), a nasutitermitine termite from southcentral Texas (Isoptera: Termitidae)." volume="8" year="1983">Scheffrahn and Rust 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |