200 lines
21 KiB
XML
200 lines
21 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0e5e47a0-f8f3-4039-b0e1-c159fef0b9f6" ID-PMC="PMC4714384" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-544-1" ID-PubMed="26798289" ID-ZBK="C5978BD0145B40F8ACDEB27371B7B9A4" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2015" ModsDocID="1313-2970-544-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 544" ModsDocTitle="The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation" checkinTime="1451243640953" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Liebherr, James K." docDate="2015" docId="8BEE2E9AD49244AAFAB2453A319CB0C5" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 544: 1-407" docOrigin="ZooKeys 544" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074" docTitle="Mecyclothorax bacrionis Liebherr, 2015, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="03F43A4E-9AE7-4E99-A804-21855D6BC9D8" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="215" masterDocId="FF92FFC2FF9FFFC7191EFFB8FF91AF5D" masterDocTitle="The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation" masterLastPageNumber="407" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="212" updateTime="1668162300918" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Liebherr, James K.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2015</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>544</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>407</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-544-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">C5978BD0145B40F8ACDEB27371B7B9A4</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">C5978BD0145B40F8ACDEB27371B7B9A4</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127853583" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:03F43A4E-9AE7-4E99-A804-21855D6BC9D8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8BEE2E9AD49244AAFAB2453A319CB0C5" lastPageId="214" lastPageNumber="215" pageId="211" pageNumber="212">
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<subSubSection pageId="211" pageNumber="212" type="multiple">
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<paragraph pageId="211" pageNumber="212">Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Carabidae</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="211" pageNumber="212" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="211" pageNumber="212">
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(088)
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/03F43A4E-9AE7-4E99-A804-21855D6BC9D8" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax bacrionis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="211" pageNumber="212" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bacrionis">Mecyclothorax bacrionis</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="211" pageNumber="212">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figs 104D, 105D, 110A, 111, 112
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="211" pageNumber="212" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="211" pageNumber="212">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="211" pageNumber="212">
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This species plus
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax haleakalae" order="Coleoptera" pageId="211" pageNumber="212" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haleakalae">Mecyclothorax haleakalae</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax simpulum" order="Coleoptera" pageId="211" pageNumber="212" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simpulum">Mecyclothorax simpulum</taxonomicName>
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comprise the second triplet of
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Haleakalā’s">Haleakala's</normalizedToken>
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax haleakalae" order="Coleoptera" pageId="211" pageNumber="212" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haleakalae">Mecyclothorax haleakalae</taxonomicName>
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group species; this triplet characterized by the glabrous pronotum. In addition to the external key characters of: 1, minutely punctate pronotal median base; and 2, glossy elytral surface without evident microsculpture, this species (Fig. 110A) is easily diagnosed from
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax haleakalae" order="Coleoptera" pageId="211" pageNumber="212" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haleakalae">Mecyclothorax haleakalae</taxonomicName>
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(Fig. 110B) and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax simpulum" order="Coleoptera" pageId="211" pageNumber="212" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simpulum">Mecyclothorax simpulum</taxonomicName>
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(Fig. 110C) by the foreshortened, more transverse pronotum, MPW/PL = 1.15-1.21. The elytral microsculpture is also less developed in beetles of this species, with the discal surface of the elytra glossy, the surface slightly irregular but without microsculpture. Setal formula 1(2) 0 2 0; the anterior supraorbital seta is present in rare instances. Standardized body length 4.9-5.9 mm.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="211" pageNumber="212">
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<paragraph pageId="211" pageNumber="212">
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Figure 110.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax haleakalae" order="Coleoptera" pageId="211" pageNumber="212" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haleakalae">Mecyclothorax haleakalae</taxonomicName>
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group species, dorsal habitus view. A
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax bacrionis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="211" pageNumber="212" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bacrionis">Mecyclothorax bacrionis</taxonomicName>
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(
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Ke‘anae">Ke'anae</normalizedToken>
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, 1325 m) B
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax haleakalae" order="Coleoptera" pageId="211" pageNumber="212" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haleakalae">Mecyclothorax haleakalae</taxonomicName>
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(Ukulele Camp Pipeline, 1463 m) C
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax simpulum" order="Coleoptera" pageId="211" pageNumber="212" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simpulum">Mecyclothorax simpulum</taxonomicName>
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(Kaupō Gap, 1736 m).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="213" lastPageNumber="214" pageId="211" pageNumber="212" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="211" pageNumber="212">Description</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="213" lastPageNumber="214" pageId="211" pageNumber="212">
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(n = 5). Head capsule with frontal groove sinuously curved laterally from deep juncture with clypeus to position mesad supraorbital seta; dorsal impression of neck broadly concave, visible dorsally; protruded ocular lobe largely covered by convex eye; ocular ratio = 1.51-1.61, ocular lobe ratio = 0.84-0.91; labral anterior margin shallowly emarginate to 1/8 labral length; antennae filiform, antennomeres 2-3 with extremely short setae to glabrous; mentum tooth narrow, sides acute, apex tightly rounded. Pronotum with basal margin slightly convex medially; median longitudinal impression very finely incised, obsolete on disc, continued deeply on front of median base; anterior transverse impression broad, shallow medially, well incised in lateral halves of each side to front angle; anterior callosity slightly convex, surface minutely irregular due to densely lined longitudinal wrinkles; front angles slightly projected, broadly expanded before tightly rounded margin; pronotal apical width greater than basal width, APW/BPW = 1.05-1.12; lateral marginal depression very narrow, beaded laterally, broader with margin upturned at front angle and outside laterobasal depression; laterobasal depression very narrow, surface irregular, continuation of lateral depression. Proepisternum with 5 distinct punctures along hind marginal groove, small carinae between some of the punctures; prosternal process with broad median depression, lateral margins broadly upraised. Elytra elongate subovoid, disc flat medially, sides distinctly sloped to margins; basal groove curved to angulate humerus defined by hitch at base of marginal depression, MEW/HuW = 2.26-2.44; parascutellar seta present; parascutellar striole with 7 isolated punctures, interrupted between punctures; sutural interval slightly elevated basally, more so apically; discal striae 1-2 shallow, punctate, striae 3-5 a series of punctures, and striae 6-7 absent, sutural stria deep and fine apically, stria 2 obsolete on apex; discal intervals slightly convex on inner intervals, flat laterally; 8th interval laterad 7th stria of
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<pageBreakToken pageId="212" pageNumber="213" start="start">same</pageBreakToken>
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convexity as apical fused portion of striae 5 + 7; 2 dorsal elytral setae at 0.28
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–0.30×">-0.30x</normalizedToken>
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and 0.58
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–0.60×">-0.60x</normalizedToken>
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elytral length, setal impressions spanning
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<normalizedToken originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
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width of interval 3; lateral elytral setae arranged in anterior series of 7 setae and posterior series of 6 setae; elytral marginal depression moderately narrow with upturned edge at humerus, depression lined with isodiametric sculpticells in anterior half, narrowed in apical 1/3 to subapical sinuation; subapical sinuation shallow, symmetrical, internal plica visible from dorsal view. Mesepisternum with ~11 punctures in 2-3 rows; metepisternal width to length ratio = 0.70; metepisternum/metepimeron suture distinct. Abdomen with irregular longitudinal wrinkles laterally on ventrites 1-6, round lateral depressions on ventrites 4-6; suture between ventrites 2 and 3 effaced; apical male ventrite with 2 marginal setae and apical female ventrite with 4 equally spaced marginal setae plus median trapezoid of 4 subequal, short setae. Legs-metatarsomere 1/metatibial length ratio = 0.20; metatarsomere 4 length along outer lobe 1.3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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medial tarsomere length, apical and subapical setae present; metatarsal dorsolateral sulci narrow, lateral, median surface granulate. Microsculpture reduced on vertex, surface glossy with indistinct transverse sculpticells in shallow depressions of the cuticle; pronotal disc glossy, indistinct transverse sculpticells over parts of the surface, median base glossy between the isolated punctures; elytral apex
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<pageBreakToken pageId="213" pageNumber="214" start="start">glossy</pageBreakToken>
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, with indistinct transverse sculpticells along margin; metasternum with shallow transverse mesh; laterobasal abdominal ventrites with swirling isodiametric and transverse microsculpture. Coloration of vertex rufous with a piceous cast; antennomere 1 rufoflavous, 2-11 rufobrunneous; pronotum rufopiceous, marginal depression narrowly rufoflavous; proepipleuron rufobrunneous, proepisternum rufopiceous; elytral disc rufopiceous with cupreous reflection, sutural interval concolorous basally, rufoflavous apically; elytral marginal depression rufobrunneous, apex narrowly rufobrunneous apicad subapical sinuation; elytral epipleuron dorsally rufoflavous, ventrally rufobrunneous, metepisternum rufopiceous; abdominal ventrites 1-5 medially rufopiceous, ventrites 3-6 rufoflavous marginally, apical ventrite 6 rufoflavous in apical half; metafemur rufoflavous, apex with rufobrunneous cast; metatibia rufobrunneous.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="213" pageNumber="214">
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Male genitalia (n = 5). Aedeagal median lobe gracile, distance from parameral articulation to tip 4.0
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–4.3×">-4.3x</normalizedToken>
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depth at midlength (Fig. 111
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
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, E); apex elongate, extended 6
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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its minimum depth beyond ostial opening, terminated in a spoonlike expanded tip; median lobe apex distinctly curved rightward at 45° angle in ventral view (Fig. 111D), right margin distinctly concave, and left side slightly convex before apex which terminates in a chiseled tip in this view; internal sac with ovoid macrospicular field on right side near base, the ventral surface broadly and diffusely covered with a pelage of microspicules (Fig. 111E); flagellar plate moderately large, length 0.47
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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parameral articulation-tip distance.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="213" pageNumber="214">
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<paragraph pageId="213" pageNumber="214">
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Figure 111. Male aedeagus,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax bacrionis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="213" pageNumber="214" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bacrionis">Mecyclothorax bacrionis</taxonomicName>
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(for abbreviations see Table 2, p. 23).
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
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Right view A (
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Ke‘anae">Ke'anae</normalizedToken>
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, 1325 m) B (
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Kopili‘ula">Kopili'ula</normalizedToken>
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, 1170 m)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="C–D">C-D</normalizedToken>
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Right and ventral views (Kuhiwa E rim, 910 m) E Right view, sac everted (Kuhiwa E rim, 915 m).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="213" pageNumber="214">
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Female reproductive tract (n = 1). Bursa copulatrix columnar, narrow and elongate, apex rounded, length 1.20 mm, breadth 0.34 mm (Fig. 104D); bursal walls translucent, thinly wrinkled; gonocoxite 1 with 4-5 apical fringe setae, a thicker seta at medioapical angle and 3-6 smaller setae along medial surface (Fig. 105D); gonocoxite 2 subtriangular, apex tightly rounded, base broadly extended laterally, 2 broad and elongate lateral ensiform setae, apical nematiform setae on medioventral surface at 0.75
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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gonocoxite length.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="213" pageNumber="214" type="holotype">
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<paragraph pageId="213" pageNumber="214">Holotype.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="213" pageNumber="214">
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Male (CUIC) dissected and labeled: HI: Maui Haleakala Koolau / For. Res. Koolau Gap @ Halehaku 13-V-1998 / lot03 1325m el. pyr. fog /
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<taxonomicName class="Polypodiopsida" family="Cibotiaceae" genus="Cibotium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cibotium" order="Cyatheales" pageId="213" pageNumber="214" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Cibotium</taxonomicName>
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+mossy nurse / log J.K. Liebherr //
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax bacrionis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="213" pageNumber="214" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bacrionis">Mecyclothorax bacrionis</taxonomicName>
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/ ♂ #4 / det. J.K. Liebherr 2014 // HOLOTYPE /
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax" order="Coleoptera" pageId="213" pageNumber="214" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Mecyclothorax</taxonomicName>
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/
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<taxonomicName lsidName="bacrionis" pageId="213" pageNumber="214" rank="species" species="bacrionis">bacrionis</taxonomicName>
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/ Liebherr / det. J.K. Liebherr 2015 (black-margined red label).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="213" pageNumber="214" type="paratypes">
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<paragraph pageId="213" pageNumber="214">Paratypes.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="213" pageNumber="214">
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HI: Maui: Koolau For. Res., Hanawi N.A.R., Kopiliula Str., pyrethrin fog
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Acacia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Acacia koa" order="Fabales" pageId="213" pageNumber="214" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="koa">Acacia koa</taxonomicName>
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trunk, 1127 m el., 03-v-1998 lot 02, Liebherr (CUIC, 3), pyrethrin fog
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Metrosideros" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Metrosideros" order="Myrtales" pageId="213" pageNumber="214" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Metrosideros</taxonomicName>
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/moss, 1127 m el., 03-v-1998 lot 03, Liebherr (CUIC, 1), beating
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Metrosideros" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Metrosideros" order="Myrtales" pageId="213" pageNumber="214" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Metrosideros</taxonomicName>
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, 1170 m el., 04-v-1998 lot 05, Ewing (CUIC, 1), Kuhiwa Vy. E rim, dead fronds
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<taxonomicName class="Polypodiopsida" family="Cibotiaceae" genus="Cibotium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cibotium chamissoi" order="Cyatheales" pageId="213" pageNumber="214" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chamissoi">Cibotium chamissoi</taxonomicName>
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, 900 m el., 10-vi-1999 lot 07, Ewing (CPEC, 1), pyrethrin fog
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<taxonomicName class="Polypodiopsida" family="Cibotiaceae" genus="Cibotium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cibotium" order="Cyatheales" pageId="213" pageNumber="214" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Cibotium</taxonomicName>
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, 880 m el., 10-vi-1999 lot 05, Polhemus (NMNH, 3), 915 m el., 10-vi-1999 lot 02, Polhemus (NMNH, 5), lot 03, Polhemus (NMNH, 1), pyrethrin fog
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Metrosideros" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Metrosideros" order="Myrtales" pageId="213" pageNumber="214" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Metrosideros</taxonomicName>
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, 880 m el., 09-vi-1999 lot 04, Polhemus (NMNH, 1).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="213" pageNumber="214" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="213" pageNumber="214">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="213" pageNumber="214">
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The species epithet
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<taxonomicName lsidName="bacrionis" pageId="213" pageNumber="214" rank="species" species="bacrionis">bacrionis</taxonomicName>
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, or Latin for ladle with a long handle (
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<bibRefCitation author="Brown, RW" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D. C." pageId="307" pageNumber="308" title="Composition of Scientific Words" year="1956">Brown 1956</bibRefCitation>
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), is here used as a noun in apposition. The epithet references the conformation of the male aedeagal median lobe (Fig. 111).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="214" pageNumber="215" type="distribution and habitat">
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<paragraph pageId="214" pageNumber="215">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="214" pageNumber="215" start="start">Distribution</pageBreakToken>
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and habitat.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="214" pageNumber="215">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax bacrionis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="214" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bacrionis">Mecyclothorax bacrionis</taxonomicName>
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is distributed across the lower elevations-880-1325 m-of
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Hanawī">Hanawī</normalizedToken>
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(Fig. 112). The relatively few records have been associated with
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<normalizedToken originalValue="‘ōhi‘a">'ōhi'a</normalizedToken>
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,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="koa" pageId="214" pageNumber="215" rank="species" species="koa">koa</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Polypodiopsida" family="Cibotiaceae" genus="Cibotium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cibotium" order="Cyatheales" pageId="214" pageNumber="215" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Cibotium</taxonomicName>
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(
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<normalizedToken originalValue="hāpu‘u">hapu'u</normalizedToken>
|
||
), or soft ferns.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="214" pageNumber="215">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="214" pageNumber="215">
|
||
Figure 112. Recorded geographic distributions of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax haleakalae" order="Coleoptera" pageId="214" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haleakalae">Mecyclothorax haleakalae</taxonomicName>
|
||
group species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |