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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0e5e47a0-f8f3-4039-b0e1-c159fef0b9f6" ID-PMC="PMC4714384" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-544-1" ID-PubMed="26798289" ID-ZBK="C5978BD0145B40F8ACDEB27371B7B9A4" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2015" ModsDocID="1313-2970-544-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 544" ModsDocTitle="The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation" checkinTime="1451243640953" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Liebherr, James K." docDate="2015" docId="8BEE2E9AD49244AAFAB2453A319CB0C5" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 544: 1-407" docOrigin="ZooKeys 544" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074" docTitle="Mecyclothorax bacrionis Liebherr, 2015, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="03F43A4E-9AE7-4E99-A804-21855D6BC9D8" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="215" masterDocId="FF92FFC2FF9FFFC7191EFFB8FF91AF5D" masterDocTitle="The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation" masterLastPageNumber="407" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="212" updateTime="1668162300918" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>The Mecyclothorax beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) of Haleakala-, Maui: Keystone of a hyperdiverse Hawaiian radiation</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Liebherr, James K.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2015</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>544</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>407</mods:end>
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<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.544.6074</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-544-1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZBK">C5978BD0145B40F8ACDEB27371B7B9A4</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">C5978BD0145B40F8ACDEB27371B7B9A4</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127853583" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:03F43A4E-9AE7-4E99-A804-21855D6BC9D8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8BEE2E9AD49244AAFAB2453A319CB0C5" lastPageId="214" lastPageNumber="215" pageId="211" pageNumber="212">
<subSubSection pageId="211" pageNumber="212" type="multiple">
<paragraph pageId="211" pageNumber="212">Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Carabidae</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="211" pageNumber="212" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="211" pageNumber="212">
(088)
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/03F43A4E-9AE7-4E99-A804-21855D6BC9D8" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax bacrionis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="211" pageNumber="212" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bacrionis">Mecyclothorax bacrionis</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="211" pageNumber="212">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Figs 104D, 105D, 110A, 111, 112
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="211" pageNumber="212" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="211" pageNumber="212">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="211" pageNumber="212">
This species plus
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax haleakalae" order="Coleoptera" pageId="211" pageNumber="212" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haleakalae">Mecyclothorax haleakalae</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax simpulum" order="Coleoptera" pageId="211" pageNumber="212" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simpulum">Mecyclothorax simpulum</taxonomicName>
comprise the second triplet of
<normalizedToken originalValue="Haleakalās">Haleakala's</normalizedToken>
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax haleakalae" order="Coleoptera" pageId="211" pageNumber="212" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haleakalae">Mecyclothorax haleakalae</taxonomicName>
group species; this triplet characterized by the glabrous pronotum. In addition to the external key characters of: 1, minutely punctate pronotal median base; and 2, glossy elytral surface without evident microsculpture, this species (Fig. 110A) is easily diagnosed from
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax haleakalae" order="Coleoptera" pageId="211" pageNumber="212" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haleakalae">Mecyclothorax haleakalae</taxonomicName>
(Fig. 110B) and
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax simpulum" order="Coleoptera" pageId="211" pageNumber="212" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simpulum">Mecyclothorax simpulum</taxonomicName>
(Fig. 110C) by the foreshortened, more transverse pronotum, MPW/PL = 1.15-1.21. The elytral microsculpture is also less developed in beetles of this species, with the discal surface of the elytra glossy, the surface slightly irregular but without microsculpture. Setal formula 1(2) 0 2 0; the anterior supraorbital seta is present in rare instances. Standardized body length 4.9-5.9 mm.
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="211" pageNumber="212">
<paragraph pageId="211" pageNumber="212">
Figure 110.
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax haleakalae" order="Coleoptera" pageId="211" pageNumber="212" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haleakalae">Mecyclothorax haleakalae</taxonomicName>
group species, dorsal habitus view. A
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax bacrionis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="211" pageNumber="212" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bacrionis">Mecyclothorax bacrionis</taxonomicName>
(
<normalizedToken originalValue="Keanae">Ke'anae</normalizedToken>
, 1325 m) B
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax haleakalae" order="Coleoptera" pageId="211" pageNumber="212" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haleakalae">Mecyclothorax haleakalae</taxonomicName>
(Ukulele Camp Pipeline, 1463 m) C
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax simpulum" order="Coleoptera" pageId="211" pageNumber="212" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simpulum">Mecyclothorax simpulum</taxonomicName>
(Kaupō Gap, 1736 m).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="213" lastPageNumber="214" pageId="211" pageNumber="212" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="211" pageNumber="212">Description</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="213" lastPageNumber="214" pageId="211" pageNumber="212">
(n = 5). Head capsule with frontal groove sinuously curved laterally from deep juncture with clypeus to position mesad supraorbital seta; dorsal impression of neck broadly concave, visible dorsally; protruded ocular lobe largely covered by convex eye; ocular ratio = 1.51-1.61, ocular lobe ratio = 0.84-0.91; labral anterior margin shallowly emarginate to 1/8 labral length; antennae filiform, antennomeres 2-3 with extremely short setae to glabrous; mentum tooth narrow, sides acute, apex tightly rounded. Pronotum with basal margin slightly convex medially; median longitudinal impression very finely incised, obsolete on disc, continued deeply on front of median base; anterior transverse impression broad, shallow medially, well incised in lateral halves of each side to front angle; anterior callosity slightly convex, surface minutely irregular due to densely lined longitudinal wrinkles; front angles slightly projected, broadly expanded before tightly rounded margin; pronotal apical width greater than basal width, APW/BPW = 1.05-1.12; lateral marginal depression very narrow, beaded laterally, broader with margin upturned at front angle and outside laterobasal depression; laterobasal depression very narrow, surface irregular, continuation of lateral depression. Proepisternum with 5 distinct punctures along hind marginal groove, small carinae between some of the punctures; prosternal process with broad median depression, lateral margins broadly upraised. Elytra elongate subovoid, disc flat medially, sides distinctly sloped to margins; basal groove curved to angulate humerus defined by hitch at base of marginal depression, MEW/HuW = 2.26-2.44; parascutellar seta present; parascutellar striole with 7 isolated punctures, interrupted between punctures; sutural interval slightly elevated basally, more so apically; discal striae 1-2 shallow, punctate, striae 3-5 a series of punctures, and striae 6-7 absent, sutural stria deep and fine apically, stria 2 obsolete on apex; discal intervals slightly convex on inner intervals, flat laterally; 8th interval laterad 7th stria of
<pageBreakToken pageId="212" pageNumber="213" start="start">same</pageBreakToken>
convexity as apical fused portion of striae 5 + 7; 2 dorsal elytral setae at 0.28
<normalizedToken originalValue="0.30×">-0.30x</normalizedToken>
and 0.58
<normalizedToken originalValue="0.60×">-0.60x</normalizedToken>
elytral length, setal impressions spanning
<normalizedToken originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
width of interval 3; lateral elytral setae arranged in anterior series of 7 setae and posterior series of 6 setae; elytral marginal depression moderately narrow with upturned edge at humerus, depression lined with isodiametric sculpticells in anterior half, narrowed in apical 1/3 to subapical sinuation; subapical sinuation shallow, symmetrical, internal plica visible from dorsal view. Mesepisternum with ~11 punctures in 2-3 rows; metepisternal width to length ratio = 0.70; metepisternum/metepimeron suture distinct. Abdomen with irregular longitudinal wrinkles laterally on ventrites 1-6, round lateral depressions on ventrites 4-6; suture between ventrites 2 and 3 effaced; apical male ventrite with 2 marginal setae and apical female ventrite with 4 equally spaced marginal setae plus median trapezoid of 4 subequal, short setae. Legs-metatarsomere 1/metatibial length ratio = 0.20; metatarsomere 4 length along outer lobe 1.3
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
medial tarsomere length, apical and subapical setae present; metatarsal dorsolateral sulci narrow, lateral, median surface granulate. Microsculpture reduced on vertex, surface glossy with indistinct transverse sculpticells in shallow depressions of the cuticle; pronotal disc glossy, indistinct transverse sculpticells over parts of the surface, median base glossy between the isolated punctures; elytral apex
<pageBreakToken pageId="213" pageNumber="214" start="start">glossy</pageBreakToken>
, with indistinct transverse sculpticells along margin; metasternum with shallow transverse mesh; laterobasal abdominal ventrites with swirling isodiametric and transverse microsculpture. Coloration of vertex rufous with a piceous cast; antennomere 1 rufoflavous, 2-11 rufobrunneous; pronotum rufopiceous, marginal depression narrowly rufoflavous; proepipleuron rufobrunneous, proepisternum rufopiceous; elytral disc rufopiceous with cupreous reflection, sutural interval concolorous basally, rufoflavous apically; elytral marginal depression rufobrunneous, apex narrowly rufobrunneous apicad subapical sinuation; elytral epipleuron dorsally rufoflavous, ventrally rufobrunneous, metepisternum rufopiceous; abdominal ventrites 1-5 medially rufopiceous, ventrites 3-6 rufoflavous marginally, apical ventrite 6 rufoflavous in apical half; metafemur rufoflavous, apex with rufobrunneous cast; metatibia rufobrunneous.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="213" pageNumber="214">
Male genitalia (n = 5). Aedeagal median lobe gracile, distance from parameral articulation to tip 4.0
<normalizedToken originalValue="4.3×">-4.3x</normalizedToken>
depth at midlength (Fig. 111
<normalizedToken originalValue="AC">A-C</normalizedToken>
, E); apex elongate, extended 6
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
its minimum depth beyond ostial opening, terminated in a spoonlike expanded tip; median lobe apex distinctly curved rightward at 45° angle in ventral view (Fig. 111D), right margin distinctly concave, and left side slightly convex before apex which terminates in a chiseled tip in this view; internal sac with ovoid macrospicular field on right side near base, the ventral surface broadly and diffusely covered with a pelage of microspicules (Fig. 111E); flagellar plate moderately large, length 0.47
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
parameral articulation-tip distance.
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="213" pageNumber="214">
<paragraph pageId="213" pageNumber="214">
Figure 111. Male aedeagus,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax bacrionis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="213" pageNumber="214" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bacrionis">Mecyclothorax bacrionis</taxonomicName>
(for abbreviations see Table 2, p. 23).
<normalizedToken originalValue="AB">A-B</normalizedToken>
Right view A (
<normalizedToken originalValue="Keanae">Ke'anae</normalizedToken>
, 1325 m) B (
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kopiliula">Kopili'ula</normalizedToken>
, 1170 m)
<normalizedToken originalValue="CD">C-D</normalizedToken>
Right and ventral views (Kuhiwa E rim, 910 m) E Right view, sac everted (Kuhiwa E rim, 915 m).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="213" pageNumber="214">
Female reproductive tract (n = 1). Bursa copulatrix columnar, narrow and elongate, apex rounded, length 1.20 mm, breadth 0.34 mm (Fig. 104D); bursal walls translucent, thinly wrinkled; gonocoxite 1 with 4-5 apical fringe setae, a thicker seta at medioapical angle and 3-6 smaller setae along medial surface (Fig. 105D); gonocoxite 2 subtriangular, apex tightly rounded, base broadly extended laterally, 2 broad and elongate lateral ensiform setae, apical nematiform setae on medioventral surface at 0.75
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
gonocoxite length.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="213" pageNumber="214" type="holotype">
<paragraph pageId="213" pageNumber="214">Holotype.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="213" pageNumber="214">
Male (CUIC) dissected and labeled: HI: Maui Haleakala Koolau / For. Res. Koolau Gap @ Halehaku 13-V-1998 / lot03 1325m el. pyr. fog /
<taxonomicName class="Polypodiopsida" family="Cibotiaceae" genus="Cibotium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cibotium" order="Cyatheales" pageId="213" pageNumber="214" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Cibotium</taxonomicName>
+mossy nurse / log J.K. Liebherr //
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax bacrionis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="213" pageNumber="214" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bacrionis">Mecyclothorax bacrionis</taxonomicName>
/ ♂ #4 / det. J.K. Liebherr 2014 // HOLOTYPE /
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax" order="Coleoptera" pageId="213" pageNumber="214" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Mecyclothorax</taxonomicName>
/
<taxonomicName lsidName="bacrionis" pageId="213" pageNumber="214" rank="species" species="bacrionis">bacrionis</taxonomicName>
/ Liebherr / det. J.K. Liebherr 2015 (black-margined red label).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="213" pageNumber="214" type="paratypes">
<paragraph pageId="213" pageNumber="214">Paratypes.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="213" pageNumber="214">
HI: Maui: Koolau For. Res., Hanawi N.A.R., Kopiliula Str., pyrethrin fog
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Acacia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Acacia koa" order="Fabales" pageId="213" pageNumber="214" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="koa">Acacia koa</taxonomicName>
trunk, 1127 m el., 03-v-1998 lot 02, Liebherr (CUIC, 3), pyrethrin fog
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Metrosideros" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Metrosideros" order="Myrtales" pageId="213" pageNumber="214" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Metrosideros</taxonomicName>
/moss, 1127 m el., 03-v-1998 lot 03, Liebherr (CUIC, 1), beating
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Metrosideros" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Metrosideros" order="Myrtales" pageId="213" pageNumber="214" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Metrosideros</taxonomicName>
, 1170 m el., 04-v-1998 lot 05, Ewing (CUIC, 1), Kuhiwa Vy. E rim, dead fronds
<taxonomicName class="Polypodiopsida" family="Cibotiaceae" genus="Cibotium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cibotium chamissoi" order="Cyatheales" pageId="213" pageNumber="214" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chamissoi">Cibotium chamissoi</taxonomicName>
, 900 m el., 10-vi-1999 lot 07, Ewing (CPEC, 1), pyrethrin fog
<taxonomicName class="Polypodiopsida" family="Cibotiaceae" genus="Cibotium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cibotium" order="Cyatheales" pageId="213" pageNumber="214" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Cibotium</taxonomicName>
, 880 m el., 10-vi-1999 lot 05, Polhemus (NMNH, 3), 915 m el., 10-vi-1999 lot 02, Polhemus (NMNH, 5), lot 03, Polhemus (NMNH, 1), pyrethrin fog
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Metrosideros" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Metrosideros" order="Myrtales" pageId="213" pageNumber="214" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Metrosideros</taxonomicName>
, 880 m el., 09-vi-1999 lot 04, Polhemus (NMNH, 1).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="213" pageNumber="214" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="213" pageNumber="214">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="213" pageNumber="214">
The species epithet
<taxonomicName lsidName="bacrionis" pageId="213" pageNumber="214" rank="species" species="bacrionis">bacrionis</taxonomicName>
, or Latin for ladle with a long handle (
<bibRefCitation author="Brown, RW" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D. C." pageId="307" pageNumber="308" title="Composition of Scientific Words" year="1956">Brown 1956</bibRefCitation>
), is here used as a noun in apposition. The epithet references the conformation of the male aedeagal median lobe (Fig. 111).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="214" pageNumber="215" type="distribution and habitat">
<paragraph pageId="214" pageNumber="215">
<pageBreakToken pageId="214" pageNumber="215" start="start">Distribution</pageBreakToken>
and habitat.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="214" pageNumber="215">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax bacrionis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="214" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bacrionis">Mecyclothorax bacrionis</taxonomicName>
is distributed across the lower elevations-880-1325 m-of
<normalizedToken originalValue="Hanawī">Hanawī</normalizedToken>
(Fig. 112). The relatively few records have been associated with
<normalizedToken originalValue="ōhia">'ōhi'a</normalizedToken>
,
<taxonomicName lsidName="koa" pageId="214" pageNumber="215" rank="species" species="koa">koa</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Polypodiopsida" family="Cibotiaceae" genus="Cibotium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cibotium" order="Cyatheales" pageId="214" pageNumber="215" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Cibotium</taxonomicName>
(
<normalizedToken originalValue="hāpuu">hapu'u</normalizedToken>
), or soft ferns.
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="214" pageNumber="215">
<paragraph pageId="214" pageNumber="215">
Figure 112. Recorded geographic distributions of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mecyclothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecyclothorax haleakalae" order="Coleoptera" pageId="214" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haleakalae">Mecyclothorax haleakalae</taxonomicName>
group species.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>