388 lines
32 KiB
XML
388 lines
32 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.670.11839" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8ce630af-e5f5-40a9-a8c6-28703b9eb715" ID-PMC="PMC5523163" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-670-1" ID-PubMed="28769657" ID-ZBK="F7D32D6458574749961F2F0898A6F8AF" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2017" ModsDocID="1313-2970-670-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 670" ModsDocTitle="Revision of the fungus-farming ant genus Sericomyrmex Mayr (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Myrmicinae)" checkinTime="1493118663711" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Jesovnik, Ana & Schultz, Ted R." docDate="2017" docId="67DAF8952141BFC8E3B48351CC62E1E0" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 670: 1-109" docOrigin="ZooKeys 670" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.670.11839" docTitle="Sericomyrmex amabilis Wheeler 1925" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="37" masterDocId="AC7ABD6B050644469B1C882148683619" masterDocTitle="Revision of the fungus-farming ant genus Sericomyrmex Mayr (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Myrmicinae)" masterLastPageNumber="109" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="30" updateTime="1668164421829" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Revision of the fungus-farming ant genus Sericomyrmex Mayr (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Myrmicinae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Jesovnik, Ana</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Schultz, Ted R.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2017</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>670</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>109</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.670.11839</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.670.11839</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-670-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">F7D32D6458574749961F2F0898A6F8AF</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">F7D32D6458574749961F2F0898A6F8AF</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="128697209" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:67DAF8952141BFC8E3B48351CC62E1E0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/67DAF8952141BFC8E3B48351CC62E1E0" lastPageId="36" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
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<subSubSection pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
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<taxonomicName authority="Wheeler, 1925 b" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Sericomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sericomyrmex amabilis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amabilis">Sericomyrmex amabilis Wheeler, 1925b</taxonomicName>
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Figures 17, 18
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<normalizedToken originalValue="a–d">a-d</normalizedToken>
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(Worker); Figures 18
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<normalizedToken originalValue="e–j">e-j</normalizedToken>
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, 19(Queen and male); Figure 20(Larva); Figure 21 (Map)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Sericomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sericomyrmex amabilis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amabilis">Sericomyrmex amabilis</taxonomicName>
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Wheeler, 1925b: 166.
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<taxonomicName family="Formicidae" genus="Lectotype" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lectotype worker" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" rank="species" species="worker">Lectotype worker</taxonomicName>
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(here designated):
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<normalizedToken originalValue="PANAMÁ">PANAMA</normalizedToken>
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,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Panamá">Panama</normalizedToken>
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, Barro Colorado Island, [9.1543, -79.8461], 3 Aug 1924, W. M. Wheeler, WMW838 (USNM: 3w, USNMENT00920034, topmost specimen on the pin). Paralectotypes: Same data as lectotype (USNM: 2w, USNMENT00920034, lower two specimens on the pin) (MCZ: 2w, 1q, MCZ40-42 21197).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Sericomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sericomyrmex bierigi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bierigi">Sericomyrmex bierigi</taxonomicName>
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= Santschi, 1931: 279. Type material examined:
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<normalizedToken originalValue="PANAMÁ">PANAMA</normalizedToken>
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,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Chiriquí">Chiriqui</normalizedToken>
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, La
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Concepción">Concepcion</normalizedToken>
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, 16 Jul 1930, Bierigi, (NHMB: 1w, CASENT0912515) [image examined].
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<bibRefCitation author="Weber, NA" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" pagination="259 - 264" title="Some attine synonyms and types (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)." volume="60" year="1958">Weber 1958</bibRefCitation>
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: 263: junior synonym of
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<taxonomicName family="Formicidae" genus="Attina" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Attina amabilis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" rank="species" species="amabilis">amabilis</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="s. amabilis worker diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. amabilis" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" rank="species" species="amabilis">S. amabilis</taxonomicName>
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worker diagnosis.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Medium-sized species; mandible usually striate; frontal carina complete; frontal lobe triangular; eye almost flat, without white layer; posterior cephalic margin with abrupt to gradual emargination; mesosomal tubercles from low and obtuse to well developed; first gastral tergite with lateral carinae strongly developed, dorsal carinae from weak to well developed.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. amabilis" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" rank="species" species="amabilis">S. amabilis</taxonomicName>
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worker description. Measurements in mm, range (lectotype): HWe 0.88-1.21 (1.15) HW 0.88-1.24 (1.15) HW1 0.82-1.18 (1.12) HW2 0.92-1.36 (1.2) HW3 0.58-0.9 (0.75) IFW1 0.56-0.86 (0.78) IFW2 0.19-0.35 (0.3) HL1 0.82-1.2 (1.05) HL2 0.76-1.04 (0.93) SL 0.65-0.87 (0.76) EL 0.11-0.2 (0.162) Om 7-11 (8) WL 1.13-1.6 (1.44) PL 0.22-0.4 (0.3) PPL 0.16-0.29 (0.24) GL 0.78-1.12 (1.03) HFL 0.93-1.38 (1.21) PW 0.58-0.92 (0.78) CI 97-111 (110) FLI 60-72 (68) SI 66-78 (66) OI 12-19 (14) CEI 5-15 (10) [N=70]
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Pilosity. Pubescence dense, often lighter colored than integument, appressed to decumbent. Hairs curved, darker in color at base, yellow to gray, appressed to suberect, mostly decumbent.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
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Head. In full-face view slightly broader than long (CI=104
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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3, mean
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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SD), posterior corner rounded to angular. Posterior cephalic margin with distinct median emargination (CEI=10
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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2), gradually (Figure 7j) or abruptly (Figure 7k) impressed. Vertexal impression and frontal tumuli usually distinct. Mandible with 7-9 teeth, dorsally glossy and striate, striation sometimes reduced. Eye medium-sized (OI=16
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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1), flat to slightly convex, 7-11 ommatidia across largest diameter. Frontal lobe triangular, posterior margin shorter than medial, lobe diverging
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<pageBreakToken pageId="30" pageNumber="31" start="start">laterally</pageBreakToken>
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, relatively wide (FLI=68
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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2). Frontal carina complete, reaching posterior cephalic corner. Antennal scape relatively short, never reaching posterior cephalic corner (SI=71
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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3).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="31" pageNumber="32" start="start">Mesosoma</pageBreakToken>
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. Mesosomal tubercles from low and obtuse to well developed. Propodeal carinae low, sometimes serrate, each with low posterodorsal denticle.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Metasoma. Petiole and postpetiole each with pair of low, serrate carinae dorsally; in petiole sometimes reduced to two low denticles, seen in dorsolateral view. Postpetiole with another pair of low carinae laterally, sometimes reduced to low denticles. First gastral tergite with lateral carinae strongly developed, dorsal carinae faint in most specimens, sometimes strongly developed.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. amabilis" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" rank="species" species="amabilis">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="32" pageNumber="33" start="start">S</pageBreakToken>
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. amabilis
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</taxonomicName>
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queen description.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Measurements in mm, range: HWe 1.27-1.40 HW 0.34-1.45 HW1 1.30-1.52 HW2 1.40-1.52 HW3 0.87-1.04 IFW1 0.90-1.00 IFW2 0.27-0.37 HL1 1.27-1.45 HL2 1.15-1.25 SL 0.81-0.99 EL 0.23-0.29 Om 15-22 EW 0.06-0.1 WL 1.95-2.2 PL 0.45-0.58 PPL 0.28-0.4 GL 1.68-1.87 HFL 1.16-1.58 PW 1.05-1.52 FWg 5.85-6.93 HWg 3.79-4.41 CI 93-104 FLI 70-77 SI 62-74 OI 18-22 [N=10]</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
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Head. Mandible with 8-9 teeth, dorsally glossy and striate. Preocular carina usually fading posterior to eye. Eye large (OI=20
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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1), nearly flat, 15-22 ommatidia across largest diameter. Frontal lobe as in worker, antennal scape not reaching posterior cephalic corner.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Mesosoma. Scutum in dorsal view with notauli weak, median mesoscutal sulcus reduced. Groove between axillae in dorsal view sometimes weakly transversely costate. Scutellum slightly convex in profile view, narrowing posteriorly in dorsal view, posterior margin medially with wide shallow V-shaped notch, notch sometimes continuing into median impression that divides scutellum into two lateral parts. Propodeum in dorsal view with two low carinae, each with posterodorsal denticle.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Metasoma. First gastral tergite with lateral carinae well developed, dorsal carinae absent, anteromedian groove distinct.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. amabilis" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" rank="species" species="amabilis">S. amabilis</taxonomicName>
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male description.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Measurements in mm, range: HWe 0.61-0.98 HW 0.6-0.78 IFW1 0.24-0.48 IFW2 0.17-0.25 HL1 0.61-0.78 SL 0.59-0.76 EL 0.24 0.35 Om 20-26 EW 0.1-0.18 WL 1.43-2.02 PL 0.25-0.43 PPL 0.18-0.25 GL 1.08-1.75 HFL 1.48-1.95 PW 0.58-0.90 IOD 0.54-0.63 FWg 4.28-5.77 HWg 2.68-3.68 CI 100-129 FLI 33-60 SI 74-99 OI 34-40 [N=10]</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
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Head in full-face view longer than broad (CI=120
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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7). Eye large (OI=38
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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2), 20-26 ommatidia across largest diameter. Preocular carina slightly curved medially, fading posterior to eye. In dorsal view, scutum with notauli well developed, mesoscutal line faint, groove between axillae with up to four transverse costae. Propodeal carinae short and faint. Petiole with lateral and dorsal denticles, postpetiole with very reduced lateral denticle.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. amabilis" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" rank="species" species="amabilis">S. amabilis</taxonomicName>
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larva description.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="32" pageNumber="33">About 15 setae on each side of dorsal and lateral body surfaces (i.e., total ~30). Supra-antennal setae present. Four genal setae on each side. Mandibular apical tooth divided. Labial denticles present anterior to sericteries, sparse. First thoracic segment ventrally with multiple multidentate spinules, arranged in transverse rows. Numbers of ventral setae: six on T1, four on T2, four on T3, and around ten on abdomen (not including anal setae). Single pair of setae anterior to anal opening.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="s. amabilis geographic range">
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<paragraph pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. amabilis" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" rank="species" species="amabilis">S. amabilis</taxonomicName>
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geographic range.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Central America, Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico, Venezuela. Map: Figure 21.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="35" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="s. amabilis notes">
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<paragraph pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. amabilis" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" rank="species" species="amabilis">S. amabilis</taxonomicName>
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notes.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. amabilis" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" rank="species" species="amabilis">S. amabilis</taxonomicName>
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differs from the sympatric
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. opacus" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" rank="species" species="opacus">S. opacus</taxonomicName>
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by its larger size, striate mandibles (in
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<taxonomicName genus="Attina" lsidName="Attina opacus" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" rank="species" species="opacus">opacus</taxonomicName>
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always smooth), triangular frontal lobes (rectangular in
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<taxonomicName genus="Attina" lsidName="Attina opacus" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" rank="species" species="opacus">opacus</taxonomicName>
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), the shape of the posterior cephalic corners (in
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<taxonomicName genus="Attina" lsidName="Attina opacus" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" rank="species" species="opacus">opacus</taxonomicName>
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smoothly rounded), and the presence of dorsal carinae on the gaster. The differences in size and mandibles also help in separating queens of these two species. In addition, the notauli and mesoscutal line are often pronounced in
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<taxonomicName genus="Attina" lsidName="Attina amabilis" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" rank="species" species="amabilis">amabilis</taxonomicName>
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and faint or absent in
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<taxonomicName genus="Attina" lsidName="Attina opacus" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" rank="species" species="opacus">opacus</taxonomicName>
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, although this can vary in both
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<taxonomicName genus="Attina" lsidName="Attina amabilis" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" rank="species" species="amabilis">amabilis</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName genus="Attina" lsidName="Attina opacus" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" rank="species" species="opacus">opacus</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. amabilis" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" rank="species" species="amabilis">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="33" pageNumber="34" start="start">S</pageBreakToken>
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. amabilis
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</taxonomicName>
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can be separated from its sister species
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. saussurei" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" rank="species" species="saussurei">S. saussurei</taxonomicName>
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by its flatter, uncoated eyes (convex, with a thick white layer in
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<taxonomicName genus="Attina" lsidName="Attina saussurei" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" rank="species" species="saussurei">saussurei</taxonomicName>
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) and usually by geography (Figure 21). It can be separated from
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. mayri" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" rank="species" species="mayri">S. mayri</taxonomicName>
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by its smaller size, narrower head, complete frontal carinae, and wider frontal lobes.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
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Within
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. amabilis" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" rank="species" species="amabilis">S. amabilis</taxonomicName>
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, there is variation in the character of smooth versus striate mandibles. In the majority of specimens examined for this revision (including the type specimens) the mandibles are consistently striate across the entire dorsal surface (Figure 17a). In some populations, however, some specimens from a given locality
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<pageBreakToken pageId="34" pageNumber="35" start="start">have</pageBreakToken>
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striate mandibles and some have completely smooth mandibles (Figure 17b). In those populations intermediate forms are also found, with faint striations most obvious along the posterior lateral edge of the mandible.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
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The population of
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<taxonomicName genus="Attina" lsidName="Attina amabilis" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" rank="species" species="amabilis">amabilis</taxonomicName>
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at Costa Rica, Heredia, La Selva Biological Station, exemplifies the polymorphic state in which both smooth and striate mandibles co-occur, whereas the population from Costa Rica, Puntarenas, Osa Peninsula, contains only the striate state. A few specimens from Nicaragua and Ecuador also have smooth or faintly striate mandibles. Specimens of
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<taxonomicName genus="Attina" lsidName="Attina amabilis" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" rank="species" species="amabilis">amabilis</taxonomicName>
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from Gorgona National Park (an island 35 km off the Pacific coast in the department of Cauca, Colombia) show the complete range of variation, from fully striate through intermediate to completely smooth mandibles. We did not find both forms, fully striate and completely smooth, co-occurring within a single nest, but we examined nest series from only a few localities. The smooth-mandibled populations do not form distinct clusters in molecular phylogenies of
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<taxonomicName genus="Attina" lsidName="Attina amabilis" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" rank="species" species="amabilis">amabilis</taxonomicName>
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; rather, smooth-mandibled specimens group with striate-mandibled ones and vice versa. Likewise, statistical analyses of morphological measurements do not identify any distinct clusters correlated with mandibular sculpture (Figure 5e).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="35" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
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Members of the Gorgona population of
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<taxonomicName genus="Attina" lsidName="Attina amabilis" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" rank="species" species="amabilis">amabilis</taxonomicName>
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have longer and sharper lateral mesonotal tubercles and more robust anteromedian dorsal carinae on the gaster compared to Central American populations. Some specimens from Nicaragua have a thin, translucent white layer covering part of the eye, similar to the condition observed in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. opacus" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" rank="species" species="opacus">S. opacus</taxonomicName>
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. Other variable characters in
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<taxonomicName genus="Attina" lsidName="Attina amabilis" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" rank="species" species="amabilis">amabilis</taxonomicName>
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are the frontal carinae (usually complete,
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<pageBreakToken pageId="35" pageNumber="36" start="start">but</pageBreakToken>
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less developed in some), head shape (from angular to more rounded posterior head corners), and the size of the frontal lobes.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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A single sequenced specimen from the population of
|
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. amabilis" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" rank="species" species="amabilis">S. amabilis</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Venezuela (indicated with a yellow circle in the Figure 21) is molecularly distinct from the rest of the
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Attina" lsidName="Attina amabilis" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" rank="species" species="amabilis">amabilis</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade, as indicated by its position in the molecular phylogeny of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Sericomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sericomyrmex" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Sericomyrmex</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Suppl. material 1). This specimen, referred to as
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. amabilis" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" rank="species" species="amabilis">S. amabilis</taxonomicName>
|
||
VE, is the sister of a clade that contains two reciprocally monophyletic subclades: (i) the monophyletic
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. saussurei" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" rank="species" species="saussurei">S. saussurei</taxonomicName>
|
||
and (ii) all
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. amabilis" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" rank="species" species="amabilis">S. amabilis</taxonomicName>
|
||
except
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. amabilis" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" rank="species" species="amabilis">S. amabilis</taxonomicName>
|
||
VE. The molecular phylogeny, based on UCEs, reconstructs
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. amabilis" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" rank="species" species="amabilis">S. amabilis</taxonomicName>
|
||
VE as a separate, third, species-level lineage (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Jesovnik, A" journalOrPublisher="Insectes sociaux" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" url="https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12228" year="2017">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ješovnik">Jesovnik</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al, 2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The two available specimens, however, are morphologically identical to the specimens assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Attina" lsidName="Attina amabilis" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" rank="species" species="amabilis">amabilis</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Because of the small number of specimens and the lack of distinguishing morphological data, and because the molecular data are consistent with a scenario in which
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. saussurei" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" rank="species" species="saussurei">S. saussurei</taxonomicName>
|
||
arises from within a paraphyletic
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. amabilis" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" rank="species" species="amabilis">S. amabilis</taxonomicName>
|
||
, we are for now treating
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. amabilis" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" rank="species" species="amabilis">S. amabilis</taxonomicName>
|
||
VZ as an allopatric population of
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Attina" lsidName="Attina amabilis" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" rank="species" species="amabilis">amabilis</taxonomicName>
|
||
that renders
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Attina" lsidName="Attina amabilis" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" rank="species" species="amabilis">amabilis</taxonomicName>
|
||
paraphyletic. We would like to encourage further study of this population and more thorough sampling in Venezuela in general, which will hopefully bring more insight into the species status of this population.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="36" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. amabilis" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" rank="species" species="amabilis">S. amabilis</taxonomicName>
|
||
material examined.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="36" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
COLOMBIA: Antioquia: Amalfi
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cañon">Canon</normalizedToken>
|
||
del
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
Porce, El Caiman, 6.8572, -75.0958, 970m, 19 Dec 1999, E. Vergara, F. Serna; Cauca: PNN Gorgona Alto El Mirador, 2.9666, -78.1833, 180m, 21 Oct 2000, R. Duque; PNN Gorgona Antigua Laguna, 2.9666, -78.1833, 70m, 20 Dec 2000, R. Duque; PNN Gorgona El Helechal, 2.966, -78.1833, 30m, 17 Mar 2002, R. Duque; PNN Gorgona El Roble, 2.9666, -78.1833, 120m, 17 Jun 2001, R. Duque; PNN Gorgona El
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Samán">Saman</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 2.9666, -78.1833, 5m, 14 Sep 2001, H. Torres; PNN Gorgona Mancora, 2.9666, -78.1833, 60m, 20 Dec 2000, R. Duque; Cundinamarca: Melgar to Girardot, [4.249, -74.726], 28 Mar 1967, R. B. Root, W. L. Brown; Magdalena: 4 km N San Pedro, 10.95, -74.05, 220m, 14 Aug 1985, P. S. Ward; Meta: San
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Martín">Martin</normalizedToken>
|
||
Caduceo, [3.6970, -73.6982], 400m, 4 May 2006, J. Ordonez; Valle del Cauca: Buenaventura, Bajo Calima, Villa Clara, [3.996, -76.974
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
2000m], 30m, 18 Mar 1967, R. B. Root, W. L. Brown; PNN Farallones de Cali,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Anchicayá">Anchicaya</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 3.4333, -76.8, 730m, 1 Jul 2000, S. Sarria; COSTA RICA: Heredia: La Selva Biol. Station, 10.43, -84.017, 50-150m, 1 Aug 2004, J. Sosa-Calvo;
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Limón">Limon</normalizedToken>
|
||
: Puerto Viejo, [10.51, -84.18], 18 Jun 1979, J. Paich; R. Toro Amarillo Vic., Guapiles, 10.2166, -83.7667, 25 Feb 1966, W. L. Brown; Puntarenas: 15 km SSW Puerto
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Jiménez">Jimenez</normalizedToken>
|
||
, [8.4083, -83.3278
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
30m], 170m, 7 Mar 2010, J. T. Longino; Osa Peninsula, Corcovado, Sirena Station, 8.50, -83.6166, 31 May 1992, T. R. Schultz; ECUADOR: Esmeraldas: Las Vegas, 0.7547, -79.8490, 26 Jun 2003, A. G. Himler; Loja: Reserva Jorupe,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Macará">Macara</normalizedToken>
|
||
, -4.372, -79.906, 600m, 15 Sep 2011, T. Delsinne; Los
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ríos">Rios</normalizedToken>
|
||
:
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
Palenque, 2km SSE Patricia Pilar, -0.5833, -79.3666, 160m, 1 Sep 1991, M. J. Stern;
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
Palenque Research Station, 47 km S Santo Domingo [-0.583, -79.367], 28 May 1905, S., J. Peck; Napo: Limoncocha, -0.4, -76.6, 250m, 18 Jun 1976, S., J. Peck; Tiputini, La Selva, Chorongo trail, -0.4975, -76.3747, 12 Jun 2003, A. Little; GUATEMALA: Escuintla: Escuintla, [14.2445, -90.7995], 22 Sep 2008, W. M. Mann; Izabal: 16
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="36" pageNumber="37" start="start">km</pageBreakToken>
|
||
ESE Morales, 15.4111, -88.7118
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
58m, 440m, 19 May 2009, J. T. Longino; 5 km NW Morales, 15.5097, -88.8627
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
36m, 160m, 18 May 2009, J. T. Longino;
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Petén">Peten</normalizedToken>
|
||
: Cerro Cahui, 17.0023, -89.7194, 210m, 3 Feb 2009, Llama team; Retalhuleu: El Asintal, 14.6555, -91.7344, 720m, 19 Feb 2013, K. Delgado; Nuevo San Carlos, 110 km NW Retalhuleu, 14.6258, -91.7234, 440m, 27 Feb 2013, K. Delgado; San Felipe, 14.6309, -91.581, 745m, 8 Feb 2013, K. Delgado; HONDURAS: Gracias a Dios: Las Marias, 15.6817, -84.8352
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
20m, 80m, Llama team; Olancho: 14 km WSW Catacamas, 14.7997, -86.0141
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
210m, 600m, 13 May 2009, J. T. Longino; MEXICO: San Luis
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Potosí">Potosi</normalizedToken>
|
||
:
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
Santa Maria, Tamul, 21.8025, -99.1803, 200m, 2 Jul 1992, S. Sanchez-Pena; Veracruz: Catemaco, Tuxtla, 18.5865, -95.0779, 184m, 3 Oct 2013, A.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ješovnik">Jesovnik</normalizedToken>
|
||
; Ocotal Chico, 18.2588, -94.8619, G. N. Ross; NICARAGUA: Matagalpa: Pancasan, nr.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
Guapotal, 12.92, -85.55, 450m, 17 Jun 1992, T. R. Schultz, J. C. Gomez; Selva Negra, ca. 12 km N Matagalpa, Reserva Natural Cerro El Arenal, 12.9812, -85.9136, 1009m, 28 Dec 2007, C. Rabeling;
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Región">Region</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Autónoma">Autonoma</normalizedToken>
|
||
del
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Atlántico">Atlantico</normalizedToken>
|
||
Norte: PN Cerro Saslaya, 13.7705, -84.9789
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
20m, 290m, 7 May 2011, M. G. Branstetter;
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Región">Region</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Autónoma">Autonoma</normalizedToken>
|
||
del
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Atlántico">Atlantico</normalizedToken>
|
||
Sur: RN Kahka Creek, 12.6851, -83.7136, 50m, 8 Jun 2011, M. G. Branstetter;
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="PANAMÁ">PANAMA</normalizedToken>
|
||
:
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Colón">Colon</normalizedToken>
|
||
: Fort Sherman, 9.36, -79.95, 28 Apr 1996, T. R. Schultz, U. G. Mueller, S. Rehner; Gamboa, PN
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Soberanía">Soberania</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Pipeline Rd. ca. 2 km past
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
Frijoles, 9.1205, -79.7067, 54m, 25 May 2002, C. J. Marshall;
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Gatún">Gatun</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Punta da los Chivos, 3 km SW
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Gatún">Gatun</normalizedToken>
|
||
, [9.26, -79.91], 1 Jul 1979, W. L. Brown; Mt. Hope, nr.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Colón">Colon</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 9.2833, -79.9667, 24 Jul 1924, W. M. Wheeler; San Lorenzo Forest, 9.2833, -79.9666, 25 May 2004, R. K. Didham;
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Darién">Darien</normalizedToken>
|
||
: Cana, 7.7166, -77.7, 800m, 23 Aug 1987, D. M. Olson;
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Panamá">Panama</normalizedToken>
|
||
: Barro Colorado Island, 9.15, -79.84, 1 Aug 1946, J. Zetek; Gamboa, Pipeline Rd, ca. 2 km past
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
Frijoles, 9.1205, -79.7066, 54m, 25 May 2002, C. J. Marshall; Nusagandi Biol. Stn, Markisgandi trail, [9.2848, -79.0280], 26 Apr 1996, T. R. Schultz; PN
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Soberanía">Soberania</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Plantation Rd., 9.08, -79.66, 4 May 2011, R. M. M. Adams; VENEZUELA: Carabobo: Mocundo, ca. Aguirre, [10.2533, -68.2683], 750m, 27 Dec 2010, J. Lattke.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
Figure 17.
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. amabilis" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" rank="species" species="amabilis">S. amabilis</taxonomicName>
|
||
worker; head, lateral profile, and dorsal view. Striate-mandibled form (USNMENT00308236) (a, c, e) Smooth-mandibled form (USNMENT01125194) (b, d, f).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
Figure 18.
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. amabilis" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" rank="species" species="amabilis">S. amabilis</taxonomicName>
|
||
worker, queen, and male, SEM images. Worker (USNMENT01125862): a head, full-face view b mandibles c mesosoma, lateral view d metasoma, lateral view. Queen (USNMENT01125864): e head, full-face view f mandibles g mesosoma and metasoma, lateral view. Male (USNMENT01125863): h head, full-face view i mandibles j mesosoma and metasoma, lateral view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
Figure 19.
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. amabilis" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" rank="species" species="amabilis">S. amabilis</taxonomicName>
|
||
queen and male; head, profile, and dorsal view. Queen (USNMENT01125871) (a, c, e) Male (USNMENT01125846) (b, d, f).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
Figure 20.
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. amabilis" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" rank="species" species="amabilis">S. amabilis</taxonomicName>
|
||
larva (USNMENT01126216), SEM images. a Lateral view b ventral view c head, frontodorsal view d head, lateral view e mouthparts; f anal setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
Figure 21. Distribution map of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. amabilis" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" rank="species" species="amabilis">S. amabilis</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. saussurei" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" rank="species" species="saussurei">S. saussurei</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |