464 lines
50 KiB
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464 lines
50 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.24.4375" ID-PMC="PMC3689132" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-24-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="563EFFD7FFA3FFC47235FFE0B16B4658" ID-PubMed="23794938" ID-Zenodo-Dep="576237" ModsDocID="1314-2003-24-1" checkinTime="1451251869906" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Lange, P. J. de, Heenan, P. B., Houliston, G. J., Rolfe, J. R. & Mitchell, A. D." docDate="2013" docId="2AFFE5F4F2EF5C98893444F63E20D810" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 24: 1-147" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 24" docPubDate="2013-06-17" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.24.4375" docTitle="Lepidium obtusatum Kirk, Trans. et Proc. New Zealand Inst. 24, 423 1892" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" id="563EFFD7FFA3FFC47235FFE0B16B4658" lastPageNumber="71" masterDocId="563EFFD7FFA3FFC47235FFE0B16B4658" masterDocTitle="New Lepidium (Brassicaceae) from New Zealand" masterLastPageNumber="147" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="67" updateTime="1668140848368" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>New Lepidium (Brassicaceae) from New Zealand</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Lange, P. J. de</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Science & Capability Group, Terrestrial Ecosystems, Department of Conservation, Private Bag 68908 Newton, Auckland 1145, New Zealand</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Heenan, P. B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Allan Herbarium, Landcare Research, P. O. 69, Lincoln 7640, Canterbury, New Zealand</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Houliston, G. J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Ecological Genetics Group, Landcare Research, P. O. 69, Lincoln 7640, Canterbury, New Zealand</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Rolfe, J. R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Science & Capability Group, Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Office, Department of Conservation, P. O. Box 10420, Wellington 6143, New Zealand</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Mitchell, A. D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Otago School of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, PO Box 4345, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2013</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2013-06-17</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>24</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>147</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.24.4375</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.24.4375</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-24-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">563EFFD7FFA3FFC47235FFE0B16B4658</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">576237</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="182229054" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2AFFE5F4F2EF5C98893444F63E20D810" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2AFFE5F4F2EF5C98893444F63E20D810" lastPageId="70" lastPageNumber="71" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
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<subSubSection pageId="66" pageNumber="67" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
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<taxonomicName LSID="2AFFE5F4-F2EF-5C98-8934-44F63E20D810" authority="Kirk, Trans. et Proc. New Zealand Inst. 24, 423, (1892)" authorityName="Kirk, Trans. et Proc. New Zealand Inst. 24, 423" authorityYear="1892" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lepidium obtusatum" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obtusatum">Lepidium obtusatum Kirk, Trans. et Proc. New Zealand Inst. 24, 423, (1892)</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="66" pageNumber="67" type="holotype">
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<paragraph pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Holotype.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
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New Zealand (
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 64" captionStartId="F64" captionText="Figure 64. Holotype of Lepidium obtusatum Kirk." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10802" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Fig. 64</figureCitation>
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):
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</emphasis>
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Port Nicholson, n.d., Miss Kirk, WELT SP030109!
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</paragraph>
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<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10802" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" start="Figure 64" startId="F64">
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<paragraph pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Figure 64.</emphasis>
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Holotype of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Kirk, Trans. et Proc. New Zealand Inst. 24, 423" authorityYear="1892" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obtusatum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Lepidium obtusatum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Kirk.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="66" pageNumber="67" type="notes">
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<paragraph pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Notes:</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Kirk’s">Kirk's</normalizedToken>
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protologue for
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Kirk, Trans. et Proc. New Zealand Inst. 24, 423" authorityYear="1892" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obtusatum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Lepidium obtusatum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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states "Hab. North Island: Maritime rocks at the entrance to Port Nicholson, Miss Kirk" (
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<bibRefCitation author="Kirk, T" journalOrPublisher="New Zealand Journal of Botany" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" refId="B59" refString="Kirk, T, 1892. Descriptions of new plants from the vicinity of Port Nicholson. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 24: 423-425. http://rsnz.natlib.govt.nz/volume/rsnz_24/rsnz_24_00_003680.html." title="Descriptions of new plants from the vicinity of Port Nicholson. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 24: 423 - 425. http: // rsnz. natlib. govt. nz / volume / rsnz _ 24 / rsnz _ 24 _ 00 _ 003680. html" year="1892">Kirk 1892</bibRefCitation>
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). Only one herbarium sheet annotated '
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Lepidium obtusatum n.s., Port Nicholson, Miss Kirk</emphasis>
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' and so matching the protologue as to name, collector (Miss [Lily] Kirk), type locality, and labelled in the naming authors hand could be located in the WELT (the main herbarium where Kirk material has come to be lodged) so this sheet is regarded here as the holotype.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="66" pageNumber="67" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
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Although the exact meaning of the species "
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">obtusatum</emphasis>
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" was not given by Kirk (1891) it seems that he took the name from the shape of the hypogynous glands (i.e. the nectaries) which he specifically noted (
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<bibRefCitation author="Kirk, T" journalOrPublisher="New Zealand Journal of Botany" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" refId="B60" refString="Kirk, T, 1899. The Student's Flora of New Zealand. Government Printer, Wellington." title="The Student's Flora of New Zealand. Government Printer, Wellington." year="1899">Kirk 1899</bibRefCitation>
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) are "very short and obtuse".
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="68" lastPageNumber="69" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Description</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="68" lastPageNumber="69" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
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(
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 65" captionStartId="F65" captionText="Figure 65. Portion of Lepidium obtusatum showing rhizomatous growth and rosette leaves." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10803" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Figs 65</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 68" captionStartId="F68" captionText="Figure 68. Mature silicle of Lepidium obtusatum. CHR 464564. Scale bar = 1 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10806" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">-68</figureCitation>
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):
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</emphasis>
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Glabrous, prostrate, much-branched, succulent, rhizomatous, perennial herb, forming patches up to c. 1 m diam. Stems 200-300
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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3-6 mm, prostrate, succulent, flexuous, widely spreading, leafy along stems. Leaves glabrous, thick, succulent and very coriaceous, dark glossy green, variable in size and shape. Rosette leaves 50-80
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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15-20 mm, elliptic to elliptic ovate, oblong, oblong-spathulate; apex, obtuse or rounded, crenate-serrate with 3-4 blunt teeth; margin crenate, crenate-serrate, sometimes weakly bidentate, rarely entire, with 0-24 pairs of teeth; teeth up to 1.8 mm deep, mostly regular size, not protruding beyond leaf outline; base narrowly attenuate to cuneate,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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decurrent, petiole distinct, 32-40
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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1.6-2.9 mm, slightly winged, or not, channelled. Cauline leaves similar to rosette leaves but smaller (up to 42.3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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13.3 mm), persistent; petioles distinct, and more consistently and conspicuously winged. Upper stem leaves much reduced; lamina 8.8-16.8
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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5.4-8.8 mm, broadly oblanceolate, spathulate, obdeltoid to suborbicular, apex obtuse, usually with 1 prominent and 2 smaller blunt teeth with rounded to obtuse apices (teeth not protruding beyond leaf outline); margin crenate to dentate or entire, if teeth present these in 2-6 pairs, usu
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<pageBreakToken pageId="67" pageNumber="68" start="start">ally</pageBreakToken>
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blunt ended sometimes subacute, up to 1.2 mm deep, base broadly cuneate to attenuate, petiole distinct, often appearing sessile, usually broadly winged, up to 6 mm long, channelled. Inflorescence terminal and lateral, usually obscured by associated leafy stems, racemose; racemes 9.9-45.6 mm long, rachis 0.6-0.9 mm; pedicels 2.8-3.2 mm long at flowering, erecto-patent, elongating somewhat after anthesis, glabrous. Flowers 4.3-5.0 mm diam. Sepals 4, saccate, overlapping at base, green, apex obtuse, margin white, shape and size dimorphic; lateral sepals 2.2-2.9
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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2.1-3.0 mm, orbicular, mostly glabrous, sometimes sparsely hairy, hairs 0.2-0.4 mm long, caducous; median sepals 1.9-2.9
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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1.5-1.7 mm, elliptic to obovate, abaxial surface glabrescent, sparsely hairy, hairs 0.2-0.4 mm long, caducous. Petals white, 1.3-1.8
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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1.3-1.8 mm, erect, claw minute, 0.2-0.3 mm; limb orbicular, apex obtuse. Stamens 4,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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equal lengths, 1.2-1.8 mm long, base 0.6-1.0 mm wide; anthers 0.6-0.8 mm long, yellow, pollen yellow. Ovary 1.3-1.8
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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1.3-1.7 mm, broadly ovate to suborbicular green, apex distinctly notched; style 0.3-0.5 mm long, cylindrical below, spreading at apex; stigma 0.5-0.6 mm diam. Nectaries 4, green, 0.12-0.14
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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c. 0.09 mm, narrow oblong, apex obtuse. Silicles 4.9-6.4
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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4.2-4.9 mm, broadly ovate, oval-rhomboid to obovate, apex prominently notched, valves yellow-green in dried specimens, glabrous, slightly winged; style
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<pageBreakToken pageId="68" pageNumber="69" start="start">0.2</pageBreakToken>
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-0.5 mm long, not or only slightly exserted. Seeds 2.0-2.7
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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1.8-2.0 mm, obovate, broadly obovate, brown to orange-brown, not winged. FL Jul-Jan. FR Jul-Jan.
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</paragraph>
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<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10803" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" start="Figure 65" startId="F65">
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<paragraph pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Figure 65.</emphasis>
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Portion of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Kirk, Trans. et Proc. New Zealand Inst. 24, 423" authorityYear="1892" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obtusatum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Lepidium obtusatum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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showing rhizomatous growth and rosette leaves.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10804" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" start="Figure 66" startId="F66">
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<paragraph pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Figure 66.</emphasis>
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(From left to right) rosette, basal-, mid- and upper-stem leaves of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Kirk, Trans. et Proc. New Zealand Inst. 24, 423" authorityYear="1892" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obtusatum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Lepidium obtusatum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Scale bar = 20 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10805" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" start="Figure 67" startId="F67">
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<paragraph pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Figure 67.</emphasis>
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Upper stem leaves of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Kirk, Trans. et Proc. New Zealand Inst. 24, 423" authorityYear="1892" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obtusatum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Lepidium obtusatum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. AK 4476.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10806" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" start="Figure 68" startId="F68">
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<paragraph pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Figure 68.</emphasis>
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Mature silicle of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Kirk, Trans. et Proc. New Zealand Inst. 24, 423" authorityYear="1892" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obtusatum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Lepidium obtusatum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. CHR 464564. Scale bar = 1 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="68" pageNumber="69" type="representative specimens">
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<paragraph pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Representative Specimens.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">New Zealand:</emphasis>
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Entrance to Port Nicholson, n.d., T. Kirk s.n., (AK 4476); Entrance to Port Nicholson, between the outer signal station and Worser Bay, 8 March 1892, T. Kirk 363, (WELT SP030102); Port Nicholson, July 1914, B. C. Aston s.n., (AK 4475, WELT SP030108); Seatoun, July 1919, A. Wall s.n., (CHR 329224); Seatoun, 26 November 1920, W. R. B. Oliver s.n., (WELT SP030107); Seatoun, 1931, J. H. MacMahon s.n., (WELT SP081922, WELT SP081925, WELT SP081926); Seatoun, 28 February 1937, W. R. B. Oliver s.n., (WELT SP030105); Seatoun, 3 December 1938, H. H. Allan s.n., (CHR 21596); Wellington Harbour, Point Dorset, 1939, R. K. Ward s.n., (CHR 464546, WAIK 9680); Seatoun, Breaker Bay, near Fort Dorset, 1951, E. Bishop s.n., (AK 250616).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="68" pageNumber="69" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Distribution</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
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(
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 44" captionStartId="F44" captionText="Figure 44. Distribution of Lepidium flexicaule (New Zealand distribution shown only), Lepidium juvencum, Lepidium limenophylax, Lepidium naufragorum and Lepidium obtusatum." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10782" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Fig. 44</figureCitation>
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).
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</emphasis>
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Endemic. New Zealand, North Island, Wellington Harbour, Miramar Peninsula, in a small area of coastline between Worser Bay and Breaker Bay.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="70" lastPageNumber="71" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" type="recognition.">
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<paragraph pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Recognition.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="70" lastPageNumber="71" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
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<bibRefCitation author="Kirk, T" journalOrPublisher="New Zealand Journal of Botany" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" refId="B60" refString="Kirk, T, 1899. The Student's Flora of New Zealand. Government Printer, Wellington." title="The Student's Flora of New Zealand. Government Printer, Wellington." year="1899">Kirk (1899)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Allan, HH" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" refId="B2" refString="Allan, HH, 1961. Flora of New Zealand. Vol. I. Government Printer: Wellington." title="Flora of New Zealand. Vol. I. Government Printer: Wellington." year="1961">Allan (1961)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Garnock-Jones, PJ" journalOrPublisher="New Zealand Bird Notes" pageId="113" pageNumber="114" refId="B42" refString="Garnock-Jones, PJ, 1988. Brassicaceae. In: Flora of New Zealand. Vol. IV. CJ Webb, WR Sykes, PJ Garnock-Jones (Eds) Botany Division, D.S.I.R., Christchurch, 394-447." title="Brassicaceae. In: Flora of New Zealand. Vol. IV. CJ Webb, WR Sykes, PJ Garnock-Jones (Eds) Botany Division, D. S. I. R., Christchurch, 394 - 447." year="1988">Garnock-Jones (1988)</bibRefCitation>
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and
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Garnock-Jones, PJ" journalOrPublisher="New Zealand Journal of Botany" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" pagination="43 - 51" publicationUrl="10.1080/0028825X.1995.10412942" refId="B43" refString="Garnock-Jones, PJ, Norton, DA, 1995. Lepidium naufragorum (Brassicaceae), a new species from Westland, and notes on other New Zealand coastal species of Lepidium. New Zealand Journal of Botany 33: 43 - 51, 10.1080/0028825X.1995.10412942" title="Lepidium naufragorum (Brassicaceae), a new species from Westland, and notes on other New Zealand coastal species of Lepidium." url="10.1080/0028825X.1995.10412942" volume="33" year="1995">Garnock-Jones and Norton (1995)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
considered that
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kirk, Trans. et Proc. New Zealand Inst. 24, 423" authorityYear="1892" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obtusatum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Lepidium obtusatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was closely related to
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kirk, Stud. Fl. N. Z, 35" authorityYear="1899" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="banksii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Lepidium banksii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. From that species,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kirk, Trans. et Proc. New Zealand Inst. 24, 423" authorityYear="1892" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obtusatum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Lepidium obtusatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distinguished by the prostrate, rhizomatous (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 64" captionStartId="F64" captionText="Figure 64. Holotype of Lepidium obtusatum Kirk." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10802" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Figs 64</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 65" captionStartId="F65" captionText="Figure 65. Portion of Lepidium obtusatum showing rhizomatous growth and rosette leaves." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10803" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">, 65</figureCitation>
|
||
) growth habit, less deeply serrated (usually crenate to shallowly toothed) rosette and cauline leaves (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 64" captionStartId="F64" captionText="Figure 64. Holotype of Lepidium obtusatum Kirk." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10802" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Figs 64</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 66" captionStartId="F66" captionText="Figure 66. (From left to right) rosette, basal-, mid- and upper-stem leaves of Lepidium obtusatum. Scale bar = 20 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10804" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">, 66</figureCitation>
|
||
), much smaller broadly oblanceolate, spathulate, obdeltoid to suborbicular, usually crenate margined upper stem leaves (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 67" captionStartId="F67" captionText="Figure 67. Upper stem leaves of Lepidium obtusatum. AK 4476." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10805" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Fig. 67</figureCitation>
|
||
), glabrous pedicles and emarginate shortly-winged silicles (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 68" captionStartId="F68" captionText="Figure 68. Mature silicle of Lepidium obtusatum. CHR 464564. Scale bar = 1 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10806" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Fig. 68</figureCitation>
|
||
). In this paper we have split west Auckland plants previously treated as
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kirk, Trans. et Proc. New Zealand Inst. 24, 423" authorityYear="1892" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obtusatum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Lepidium obtusatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
into a new species,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amissum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Lepidium amissum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="69" pageNumber="70" start="start">(</pageBreakToken>
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Holotype of Lepidium amissum de Lange et Heenan." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10754" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Figs 16</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="F20" captionText="Figure 20. Mature silicle of Lepidium amissum. AK 4473. Scale bar = 1 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10758" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">-20</figureCitation>
|
||
). From that species,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kirk, Trans. et Proc. New Zealand Inst. 24, 423" authorityYear="1892" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obtusatum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Lepidium obtusatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs by its rhizomatous, prostrate growth habit, flexuose stems (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 64" captionStartId="F64" captionText="Figure 64. Holotype of Lepidium obtusatum Kirk." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10802" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Fig. 64</figureCitation>
|
||
), less deeply toothed (usually crenate-margined) rosette and cauline leaves (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 65" captionStartId="F65" captionText="Figure 65. Portion of Lepidium obtusatum showing rhizomatous growth and rosette leaves." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10803" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Figs 65</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 66" captionStartId="F66" captionText="Figure 66. (From left to right) rosette, basal-, mid- and upper-stem leaves of Lepidium obtusatum. Scale bar = 20 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10804" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">, 66</figureCitation>
|
||
) which usually wither at flowering and fruiting, broadly oblanceolate, spathulate, obdeltoid to suborbicular, usually crenate margined upper stem leaves (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 67" captionStartId="F67" captionText="Figure 67. Upper stem leaves of Lepidium obtusatum. AK 4476." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10805" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Fig. 67</figureCitation>
|
||
), and inconspicuous inflorescences which are typically obscured by foliage and associated vegetative stems (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 64" captionStartId="F64" captionText="Figure 64. Holotype of Lepidium obtusatum Kirk." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10802" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Fig. 64</figureCitation>
|
||
). However, both species have similar shaped silicles (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="F20" captionText="Figure 20. Mature silicle of Lepidium amissum. AK 4473. Scale bar = 1 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10758" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Figs 20</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 68" captionStartId="F68" captionText="Figure 68. Mature silicle of Lepidium obtusatum. CHR 464564. Scale bar = 1 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10806" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">, 68</figureCitation>
|
||
), though those of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amissum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Lepidium amissum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are slightly smaller
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="70" pageNumber="71" start="start">and</pageBreakToken>
|
||
narrower.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kirk, Trans. et Proc. New Zealand Inst. 24, 423" authorityYear="1892" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obtusatum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Lepidium obtusatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="panniforme">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Lepidium panniforme</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have the same ETS sequence but are very different plants: from
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kirk, Trans. et Proc. New Zealand Inst. 24, 423" authorityYear="1892" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obtusatum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Lepidium obtusatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="panniforme">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Lepidium panniforme</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs by its non-rhizomatous, upright shrubby growth habit, much larger, deeply lobed to lacerate leaves, and much smaller, unwinged and only slightly notched fruit. Our rDNA ETS data also suggests that
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oblitum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Lepidium oblitum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is related to
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kirk, Trans. et Proc. New Zealand Inst. 24, 423" authorityYear="1892" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obtusatum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Lepidium obtusatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
though, again, they are very different plants (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 57" captionStartId="F57" captionText="Figure 57. Holotype of Lepidium oblitum Houliston, Heenan et de Lange." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10795" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Figs 57</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 63" captionStartId="F63" captionText="Figure 63. Distribution of Lepidium oblitum, Lepidium oligodontum, Lepidium panniforme and Lepidium rekohuense." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10801" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">-63</figureCitation>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oblitum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Lepidium oblitum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) cf.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 64" captionStartId="F64" captionText="Figure 64. Holotype of Lepidium obtusatum Kirk." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10802" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Figs 64</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 68" captionStartId="F68" captionText="Figure 68. Mature silicle of Lepidium obtusatum. CHR 464564. Scale bar = 1 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10806" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">-68</figureCitation>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kirk, Trans. et Proc. New Zealand Inst. 24, 423" authorityYear="1892" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obtusatum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Lepidium obtusatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
)).
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oblitum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Lepidium oblitum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kirk, Trans. et Proc. New Zealand Inst. 24, 423" authorityYear="1892" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obtusatum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Lepidium obtusatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by its non-rhizomatous growth habit, much larger, prominently toothed (never crenate) leaves and much smaller silicles.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="70" pageNumber="71" type="ecology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Ecology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
|
||
Very little is known about the habitat preferences and ecology of this species. It apparently grew on rocky headlands, sea cliffs, coastal rocks and beaches (Kirk 1891,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Kirk, T" journalOrPublisher="New Zealand Journal of Botany" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" refId="B60" refString="Kirk, T, 1899. The Student's Flora of New Zealand. Government Printer, Wellington." title="The Student's Flora of New Zealand. Government Printer, Wellington." year="1899">1899</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Cockayne, L" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" refId="B13" refString="Cockayne, L, 1921. The vegetation of New Zealand. Wilhelm Enelmann, Leipzig." title="The vegetation of New Zealand. Wilhelm Enelmann, Leipzig." year="1921">Cockayne 1921</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and some herbarium specimens state that it also grew on sandy and gravel beaches at the high tide mark (e.g., WELT SP030104, SP030107). The species evidently had a most remarkable appearance when fresh,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Cockayne, L" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" refId="B13" refString="Cockayne, L, 1921. The vegetation of New Zealand. Wilhelm Enelmann, Leipzig." title="The vegetation of New Zealand. Wilhelm Enelmann, Leipzig." year="1921">Cockayne (1921)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
noting that 'in appearance
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kirk, Trans. et Proc. New Zealand Inst. 24, 423" authorityYear="1892" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obtusatum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Lepidium obtusatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
represents, even when in flower, a huge crusty saxifrage. Its leaves arranged in rosettes are very thick, glossy and rather dark
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="green’">green'</normalizedToken>
|
||
. Its thick, fleshy leaves may have the been the basis for a vernacular name 'sea kale
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="lepidium’">lepidium'</normalizedToken>
|
||
recorded by J. H. MacMahon (see WELT SP081926).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="70" pageNumber="71" type="conservation status">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Conservation Status.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
|
||
It is a matter of some irony that when it was described, Kirk (1891) stated, 'happily for
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kirk, Trans. et Proc. New Zealand Inst. 24, 423" authorityYear="1892" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obtusatum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Lepidium obtusatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,it grows in a few spots which are inaccessible to sheep, so that it will probably hold its ground for many
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="years’">years'</normalizedToken>
|
||
. This prediction did not come to pass; the species was first treated as 'Presumed
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Extinct’">Extinct'</normalizedToken>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wills-Johnson, TMK" editor="Miskelly, C" journalOrPublisher="Canterbury University Press, Christchurch" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" pagination="13 - 22" refId="B91" refString="Wills-Johnson, TMK, 2008. Introduction. In: Miskelly, C, Ed., Chatham Islands: Heritage and Conservation. Canterbury University Press, Christchurch: 13 - 22" title="Introduction." volumeTitle="Chatham Islands: Heritage and Conservation." year="2008">Williams and Given (1981)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, a status that has been maintained in all subsequent threatened indigenous vascular plant listings to the present (see Cameron et al. 1993;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="de Lange, PJ" journalOrPublisher="Annals of Botany" pageId="113" pageNumber="114" publicationUrl="10.1080/00288250909509794" refId="B26" refString="de Lange, PJ, Norton, DA, Courtney, SP, Heenan, PB, Barkla, JW, Cameron, EK, Hitchmough, R, Townsend, AJ, 2009. Threatened and uncommon plants New Zealand Journal of Botany 47: 61-96. ., 10.1080/00288250909509794" title="Threatened and uncommon plants New Zealand Journal of Botany 47: 61 - 96." url="10.1080/00288250909509794" year="2009">de Lange et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The factors leading to the demise of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kirk, Trans. et Proc. New Zealand Inst. 24, 423" authorityYear="1892" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obtusatum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Lepidium obtusatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are well documented (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Cockayne, L" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" refId="B13" refString="Cockayne, L, 1921. The vegetation of New Zealand. Wilhelm Enelmann, Leipzig." title="The vegetation of New Zealand. Wilhelm Enelmann, Leipzig." year="1921">Cockayne 1921</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Norton, DA" journalOrPublisher="Taxon" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" pagination="181 - 185" refId="B69" refString="Norton, DA, Lord, JM, Given, DA, de Lange, PJ, 1994. Over-collecting: an often overlooked factor in the decline of plant taxa. Taxon 43: 181 - 185" title="Over-collecting: an often overlooked factor in the decline of plant taxa." volume="43" year="1994">Norton et al. 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="de Lange, PJ" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" refId="B15" refString="de Lange, PJ, 2005. A final word for Lepidium obtusatum? Wellington Botanical Society Bulletin 49: 7-8. http://bts.nzpcn.org.nz/bts_pdf/WBS49-2005-7-8-Lepidium-obt.pdf." title="A final word for Lepidium obtusatum? Wellington Botanical Society Bulletin 49: 7 - 8. http: // bts. nzpcn. org. nz / bts _ pdf / WBS 49 - 2005 - 7 - 8 - Lepidium-obt. pdf" year="2005">de Lange 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The species was a narrow-range endemic whose location on the margin of an actively expanding city meant that it was extremely vulnerable to habitat destruction (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="de Lange, PJ" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" refId="B15" refString="de Lange, PJ, 2005. A final word for Lepidium obtusatum? Wellington Botanical Society Bulletin 49: 7-8. http://bts.nzpcn.org.nz/bts_pdf/WBS49-2005-7-8-Lepidium-obt.pdf." title="A final word for Lepidium obtusatum? Wellington Botanical Society Bulletin 49: 7 - 8. http: // bts. nzpcn. org. nz / bts _ pdf / WBS 49 - 2005 - 7 - 8 - Lepidium-obt. pdf" year="2005">de Lange 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="de Lange, PJ" journalOrPublisher="Annals of Botany" pageId="113" pageNumber="114" refId="B28" refString="de Lange, PJ, Heenan, PB, Norton, DA, Rolfe, JR, Sawyer, JWD, 2010a. Threatened Plants of New Zealand. Canterbury University Press, Christchurch." title="Threatened Plants of New Zealand. Canterbury University Press, Christchurch." year="2010 a">de Lange et al. 2010a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="de Lange, PJ" journalOrPublisher="Wellington Botanical Society Bulletin" pageId="113" pageNumber="114" pagination="64 - 71" refId="B30" refString="de Lange, PJ, Rolfe, JR, Tomoana, H, 2010c. Flora of Steeple Rock and The Pinnacles, Wellington Harbour. Wellington Botanical Society Bulletin 52: 64 - 71" title="Flora of Steeple Rock and The Pinnacles, Wellington Harbour." volume="52" year="2010 c">de Lange et al. 2010c</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Nevertheless it seems that, at least initially, it was very common within the small area it occupied, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Cockayne, L" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" refId="B13" refString="Cockayne, L, 1921. The vegetation of New Zealand. Wilhelm Enelmann, Leipzig." title="The vegetation of New Zealand. Wilhelm Enelmann, Leipzig." year="1921">Cockayne (1921)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
mentioned that the quarrying of rock from its cliff habitat, had, temporarily at least, caused an expansion in the population through the spread of 'underground
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="stems’">stems'</normalizedToken>
|
||
. Nevertheless, by 1951 it had gone extinct. From available evidence it seems that the biggest factor was not habitat loss but over collection (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Norton, DA" journalOrPublisher="Taxon" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" pagination="181 - 185" refId="B69" refString="Norton, DA, Lord, JM, Given, DA, de Lange, PJ, 1994. Over-collecting: an often overlooked factor in the decline of plant taxa. Taxon 43: 181 - 185" title="Over-collecting: an often overlooked factor in the decline of plant taxa." volume="43" year="1994">Norton et al. 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Herbarium specimens show that following its formal recognition by Kirk (1891), it was repeatedly gathered by botanists who made copious collections (often gathering whole plants). Most of these gatherings occurred between 1900 and 1939 (and they intensified between 1920 and 1939) ending with the last known collection in 1951 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="de Lange, PJ" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" refId="B15" refString="de Lange, PJ, 2005. A final word for Lepidium obtusatum? Wellington Botanical Society Bulletin 49: 7-8. http://bts.nzpcn.org.nz/bts_pdf/WBS49-2005-7-8-Lepidium-obt.pdf." title="A final word for Lepidium obtusatum? Wellington Botanical Society Bulletin 49: 7 - 8. http: // bts. nzpcn. org. nz / bts _ pdf / WBS 49 - 2005 - 7 - 8 - Lepidium-obt. pdf" year="2005">de Lange 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). During this period it is also likely that the modification of most of its habitat for housing and defense structures associated with military operations at Fort Dorset would have impacted on the population, as would the spread of weeds, especially those derived from nearby urban gardens. Today, all of the former range of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kirk, Trans. et Proc. New Zealand Inst. 24, 423" authorityYear="1892" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obtusatum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Lepidium obtusatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is now choked in a rank growth of weeds, most especially veldt grass (
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lam" authorityYear="1786" class="Monocotyledoneae" family="Poaceae" genus="Ehrharta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Graminales" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="erecta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Ehrharta erecta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Lam.).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="70" pageNumber="71" type="hybridism.">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Hybridism.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
|
||
A suite of specimens (WELT SP081927A, B, C,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">J. H. MacMahon s.n.</emphasis>
|
||
, 1931, Seatoun) are tentatively identified here as a putative natural hybrid between
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kirk, Trans. et Proc. New Zealand Inst. 24, 423" authorityYear="1892" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obtusatum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Lepidium obtusatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="G. Forst. ex Sparrm., Nova Acta Soc. Sc. Upsal. iii, 193" authorityYear="1780" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oleraceum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Lepidium oleraceum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. These specimens, which appear to be pieces split from the same plant seem to have had an erect, shrubby growth habit, with somewhat woody, flexuous branches, while the basal and upper cauline leaves are narrowly elliptic to lanceolate, deeply and sharply incised to weakly pinnatifid. The flowers, though in poor order, have four stamens (pollen stainability 0%). Only a few silicles in the specimens are mature and these measure up to 4.05
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
2.75 mm, are suborbicular to ovate, narrowly winged, with the apex weakly notched. Significantly, they contain no seeds. The putative parentage is based on the knowledge that both
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kirk, Trans. et Proc. New Zealand Inst. 24, 423" authorityYear="1892" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obtusatum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Lepidium obtusatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see collections cited above) and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="G. Forst. ex Sparrm., Nova Acta Soc. Sc. Upsal. iii, 193" authorityYear="1780" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oleraceum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Lepidium oleraceum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were sympatric at Seatoun (WELT SP09712,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">W. R. B. Oliver s.n</emphasis>
|
||
.) and that no other
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Lepidium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species was known to be present in that area at that time. The erect, shrubby growth habit is a feature of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="G. Forst. ex Sparrm., Nova Acta Soc. Sc. Upsal. iii, 193" authorityYear="1780" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oleraceum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Lepidium oleraceum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, while morphologically the silicles are a close match for
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kirk, Trans. et Proc. New Zealand Inst. 24, 423" authorityYear="1892" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obtusatum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Lepidium obtusatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The shape of the cauline leaves fits within the range seen in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="G. Forst. ex Sparrm., Nova Acta Soc. Sc. Upsal. iii, 193" authorityYear="1780" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oleraceum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Lepidium oleraceum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, though their degree of dentition also approaches that seen in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amissum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Lepidium amissum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kirk, Stud. Fl. N. Z, 35" authorityYear="1899" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="banksii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Lepidium banksii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="panniforme">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Lepidium panniforme</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |