336 lines
37 KiB
XML
336 lines
37 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.989.53104" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a1ade8e5-350b-4b34-a486-3e46db0f8724" ID-PMC="PMC7669819" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-989-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="0185198E253B50C4BAB71B6BBF0305AB" ID-PubMed="33223893" ID-ZooBank="8957A11D00984990B073A1999A8AFBC6" ModsDocID="1313-2970-989-1" checkinTime="1604986527064" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Xu, Yu, Zhan, Zifeng & Xu, Kuidong" docDate="2020" docId="105222F6271F5F648AD5C6EAA58B8402" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 989: 1-37" docOrigin="ZooKeys 989" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.989.53104" docTitle="Chrysogorgia dendritica Xu, Zhan & Xu 2020" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" id="0185198E253B50C4BAB71B6BBF0305AB" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="0185198E253B50C4BAB71B6BBF0305AB" masterDocTitle="Morphology and phylogenetic analysis of five deep-sea golden gorgonians (Cnidaria, Octocorallia, Chrysogorgiidae) in the Western Pacific Ocean, with the description of a new species" masterLastPageNumber="37" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1668169803292" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
|
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
|
<mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:title>Morphology and phylogenetic analysis of five deep-sea golden gorgonians (Cnidaria, Octocorallia, Chrysogorgiidae) in the Western Pacific Ocean, with the description of a new species</mods:title>
|
|
</mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:name type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role>
|
|
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart>Xu, Yu</mods:namePart>
|
|
<mods:affiliation>Laboratory of Marine Organism Taxonomy and Phylogeny, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China</mods:affiliation>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:name type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role>
|
|
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart>Zhan, Zifeng</mods:namePart>
|
|
<mods:affiliation>Laboratory of Marine Organism Taxonomy and Phylogeny, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China & Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China</mods:affiliation>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:name type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role>
|
|
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart>Xu, Kuidong</mods:namePart>
|
|
<mods:affiliation>Laboratory of Marine Organism Taxonomy and Phylogeny, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China & Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China & Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China</mods:affiliation>
|
|
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">kxu@qdio.ac.cn</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
|
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
|
<mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
|
|
</mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:part>
|
|
<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
|
|
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
|
<mods:number>989</mods:number>
|
|
</mods:detail>
|
|
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
|
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
|
|
<mods:end>37</mods:end>
|
|
</mods:extent>
|
|
</mods:part>
|
|
</mods:relatedItem>
|
|
<mods:location>
|
|
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.989.53104</mods:url>
|
|
</mods:location>
|
|
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
|
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.989.53104</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-989-1</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">8957A11D00984990B073A1999A8AFBC6</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">0185198E253B50C4BAB71B6BBF0305AB</mods:identifier>
|
|
</mods:mods>
|
|
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="168961899" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:105222F6271F5F648AD5C6EAA58B8402" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/105222F6271F5F648AD5C6EAA58B8402" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<taxonomicName LSID="105222F6-271F-5F64-8AD5-C6EAA58B8402" authority="Xu, Zhan & Xu, 2020" authorityName="Xu, Zhan & Xu" authorityYear="2020" class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Chrysogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysogorgia dendritica" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dendritica">Chrysogorgia dendritica Xu, Zhan & Xu, 2020</taxonomicName>
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. External morphology, polyps and sclerites of Chrysogorgia dendritica MBM 286353 A, B the tree-shaped colony in situ and after collection (likely an adult), with a broken stem and a branching part C a single polyp under a light microscope D long polyp neck under SEM E sclerites in tentacles F sclerites of the polyp neck G sclerites in coenenchyme H sclerites at the basal polyp body. Scale bars: 10 cm (B); 1 mm (C); 200 μm (D); 50 μm (E), 100 μm (F, G, H)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.989.53104.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/473208" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figures 1</figureCitation>
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. External morphology, polyps and sclerites of Chrysogorgia dendritica MBM 286442 A, B the bottlebrush-like colony in situ and after collection (likely a juvenile) C a single polyp under a light microscope D a single polyp under SEM E tentacular part under SEM F coenenchyme under SEM G sclerites in tentacles H sclerites extending to pinnules I sclerites of the polyp neck J sclerites in coenenchyme K sclerites at the basal polyp body. Scale bars: 10 cm (B); 1 mm (C, D); 300 μm (E, F); 200 μm (G, I-K at the same scale), 100 μm (H)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.989.53104.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/473209" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 2</figureCitation>
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. External morphology, polyps and sclerites of Chrysogorgia dendritica MBM 286443 A, B the tree-shaped colony in situ and after collection (likely an adult) C a single polyp under SEM D sclerites in tentacles E sclerites at the basal polyp body F sclerites of the polyp neck G sclerites in coenenchyme. Scale bars: 10 cm (B); 1 mm (C); 300 μm (D-G at the same scale)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.989.53104.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/473210" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 3</figureCitation>
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. External morphology, polyps and sclerites of Chrysogorgia dendritica MBM 286444 A, B the colony in situ and after collection (likely an intermediate state) C a single polyp under SEM D sclerites in tentacles E sclerites of the polyp neck F sclerites at the basal polyp body G sclerites in coenenchyme. Scale bars: 20 cm (B); 2 mm (C); 300 μm (D-G at the same scale)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.989.53104.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/473211" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 4</figureCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Morphological comparisons between Chrysogorgia carolinensis sp. nov., Chrysogorgia dendritica Xu, Zhan & Xu, 2020 and Chrysogorgia abludo Pante & Watling, 2012, including detailed morphological measuring data of five specimens of C. dendritica." pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Table 1</figureCitation>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Xu, Zhan & Xu" authorityYear="2020" class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Chrysogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysogorgia dendritica" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dendritica">Chrysogorgia dendritica</taxonomicName>
|
|
Xu, Zhan & Xu, 2020: 6-8, figs 2, 3.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type locality">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type locality.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Kocebu Guyot in the Magellan Seamount chain, 1821 m depth.</paragraph>
|
|
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.989.53104.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/473208" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 1" startId="F1">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 1.</emphasis>
|
|
External morphology, polyps and sclerites of
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Xu, Zhan & Xu" authorityYear="2020" class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Chrysogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysogorgia dendritica" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dendritica">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Chrysogorgia dendritica</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
MBM286353
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A, B</emphasis>
|
|
the tree-shaped colony
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">in situ</emphasis>
|
|
and after collection (likely an adult), with a broken stem and a branching part
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
|
|
a single polyp under a light microscope
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
|
|
long polyp neck under SEM
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
|
|
sclerites in tentacles
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
|
|
sclerites of the polyp neck
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
|
|
sclerites in coenenchyme
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H</emphasis>
|
|
sclerites at the basal polyp body. Scale bars: 10 cm (
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
|
|
); 1 mm (
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
|
|
); 200
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
|
(
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
|
|
); 50
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
|
(
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
|
|
), 100
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
|
(
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F, G, H</emphasis>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.989.53104.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/473209" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 2.</emphasis>
|
|
External morphology, polyps and sclerites of
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Xu, Zhan & Xu" authorityYear="2020" class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Chrysogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysogorgia dendritica" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dendritica">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Chrysogorgia dendritica</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
MBM286442
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A, B</emphasis>
|
|
the bottlebrush-like colony
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">in situ</emphasis>
|
|
and after collection (likely a juvenile)
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
|
|
a single polyp under a light microscope
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
|
|
a single polyp under SEM
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
|
|
tentacular part under SEM
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
|
|
coenenchyme under SEM
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
|
|
sclerites in tentacles
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H</emphasis>
|
|
sclerites extending to pinnules
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">I</emphasis>
|
|
sclerites of the polyp neck
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">J</emphasis>
|
|
sclerites in coenenchyme
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K</emphasis>
|
|
sclerites at the basal polyp body. Scale bars: 10 cm (
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
|
|
); 1 mm (
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C, D</emphasis>
|
|
); 300
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
|
(
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E, F</emphasis>
|
|
); 200
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
|
(
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G, I-K</emphasis>
|
|
at the same scale), 100
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
|
(
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H</emphasis>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Voucher specimens.</emphasis>
|
|
MBM286353, station FX-Dive 71 (
|
|
<geoCoordinate degrees="11" direction="north" minutes="20.83" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="11.347167">11°20.83'N</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate degrees="139" direction="east" minutes="15.87" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="139.2645">139°15.87'E</geoCoordinate>
|
|
), a seamount (tentatively named as M2) near the Mariana Trench, depth 1375 m, 28 March 2016. MBM286442, station FX-Dive 211 (
|
|
<geoCoordinate degrees="10" direction="north" minutes="02.97" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="10.0495">10°02.97'N</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate degrees="140" direction="east" minutes="10.48" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="140.17467">140°10.48'E</geoCoordinate>
|
|
), a seamount (tentatively named as M5) located on the Caroline Ridge, depth 1475 m, 29 May 2019. MBM286443, station FX-Dive 211 (
|
|
<geoCoordinate degrees="10" direction="north" minutes="03.27" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="10.0545">10°03.27'N</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate degrees="140" direction="east" minutes="10.70" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="140.17833">140°10.70'E</geoCoordinate>
|
|
), a seamount (M5) located on the Caroline Ridge, depth 1387 m, 29 May 2019. MBM286444, station FX-Dive 227 (
|
|
<geoCoordinate degrees="10" direction="north" minutes="37.92" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="10.632">10°37.92'N</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate degrees="140" direction="east" minutes="05.62" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="140.09367">140°05.62'E</geoCoordinate>
|
|
), a seamount (tentatively named as M8) located on the Caroline Ridge, depth 1702 m, 15 June 2019. GenBank accession number: MT269888.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="extended diagnosis">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Extended diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Duchassaing & Michelotti" authorityYear="1864" class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Chrysogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysogorgia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Chrysogorgia</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
"group A, Spiculosae" with 1/3L Branching sequence and a monopodial or a little zigzagging stem. Juvenile with a bottlebrush-like colony, while adult usually having a tree-shaped colony. Branches nearly perpendicular to stem, subdivided dichotomously. Polyps with a long neck and an expanded base. Rods and rare scales in tentacles, longitudinally arranged. Rods/spindles and elongate scales in polyp neck longitudinally arranged, coarse with many warts on surface. Scales and rare plates at the basal polyp body irregularly and alternately arranged, irregular and often amoeba-shaped. Scales in coenenchyme sparse and elongate, usually lobed with irregular edges.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
For morphological measurements, see Table
|
|
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Morphological comparisons between Chrysogorgia carolinensis sp. nov., Chrysogorgia dendritica Xu, Zhan & Xu, 2020 and Chrysogorgia abludo Pante & Watling, 2012, including detailed morphological measuring data of five specimens of C. dendritica." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/102C03DD724B3F7A2D0CD66B4F032B12" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableUuid="102C03DD724B3F7A2D0CD66B4F032B12">1</tableCitation>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
Kocebu Guyot, 1821 m (
|
|
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8832" author="Xu, Y" journalOrPublisher="Zookeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B35" refString="Xu, Y, Zhan, ZF, Xu, KD, 2020. Morphology and molecular phylogeny of three new deep-sea species of Chrysogorgia (Cnidaria, Octocorallia) from seamounts in the tropical Western Pacific Ocean. PeerJ 8: e8832. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8832" title="Morphology and molecular phylogeny of three new deep-sea species of Chrysogorgia (Cnidaria, Octocorallia) from seamounts in the tropical Western Pacific Ocean. PeerJ 8: e 8832." url="https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8832" year="2020">Xu et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
|
); a seamount adjacent to the Mariana Trench and seamounts on the Caroline Ridge, 1375-1702 m depth.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
The four specimens match the holotype of
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Xu, Zhan & Xu" authorityYear="2020" class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Chrysogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysogorgia dendritica" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dendritica">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Chrysogorgia dendritica</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
Xu, Zhan & Xu, 2020 in having a monopodial stem and the same sclerite form, for example, rods and rare scales in tentacles, rods/spindles and elongate scales in polyp neck, irregular scales at the basal polyp body, and elongate scales in coenenchyme. Moreover, their mtMutS gene sequences are identical (see the genetic analysis below). Thus, we identified the four specimens as
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. dendritica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="dendritica">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. dendritica</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. The sclerites in the four voucher specimens and the holotype showed some differences: (1) rod-like scales with an obvious medial contraction often present in MBM286353 and MBM286442, while rare in the holotype, MBM286443 and MBM286444 (Figures
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. External morphology, polyps and sclerites of Chrysogorgia dendritica MBM 286353 A, B the tree-shaped colony in situ and after collection (likely an adult), with a broken stem and a branching part C a single polyp under a light microscope D long polyp neck under SEM E sclerites in tentacles F sclerites of the polyp neck G sclerites in coenenchyme H sclerites at the basal polyp body. Scale bars: 10 cm (B); 1 mm (C); 200 μm (D); 50 μm (E), 100 μm (F, G, H)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.989.53104.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/473208" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">1A</figureCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. External morphology, polyps and sclerites of Chrysogorgia dendritica MBM 286442 A, B the bottlebrush-like colony in situ and after collection (likely a juvenile) C a single polyp under a light microscope D a single polyp under SEM E tentacular part under SEM F coenenchyme under SEM G sclerites in tentacles H sclerites extending to pinnules I sclerites of the polyp neck J sclerites in coenenchyme K sclerites at the basal polyp body. Scale bars: 10 cm (B); 1 mm (C, D); 300 μm (E, F); 200 μm (G, I-K at the same scale), 100 μm (H)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.989.53104.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/473209" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2H</figureCitation>
|
|
vs. Figures
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. External morphology, polyps and sclerites of Chrysogorgia dendritica MBM 286443 A, B the tree-shaped colony in situ and after collection (likely an adult) C a single polyp under SEM D sclerites in tentacles E sclerites at the basal polyp body F sclerites of the polyp neck G sclerites in coenenchyme. Scale bars: 10 cm (B); 1 mm (C); 300 μm (D-G at the same scale)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.989.53104.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/473210" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">3D</figureCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. External morphology, polyps and sclerites of Chrysogorgia dendritica MBM 286444 A, B the colony in situ and after collection (likely an intermediate state) C a single polyp under SEM D sclerites in tentacles E sclerites of the polyp neck F sclerites at the basal polyp body G sclerites in coenenchyme. Scale bars: 20 cm (B); 2 mm (C); 300 μm (D-G at the same scale)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.989.53104.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/473211" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">4D</figureCitation>
|
|
); (2) large cured spindles are rarely present in the polyp neck of the holotype, MBM286443 and MBM286444, while absent in the other two specimens (Figures
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. External morphology, polyps and sclerites of Chrysogorgia dendritica MBM 286443 A, B the tree-shaped colony in situ and after collection (likely an adult) C a single polyp under SEM D sclerites in tentacles E sclerites at the basal polyp body F sclerites of the polyp neck G sclerites in coenenchyme. Scale bars: 10 cm (B); 1 mm (C); 300 μm (D-G at the same scale)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.989.53104.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/473210" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">3F</figureCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. External morphology, polyps and sclerites of Chrysogorgia dendritica MBM 286444 A, B the colony in situ and after collection (likely an intermediate state) C a single polyp under SEM D sclerites in tentacles E sclerites of the polyp neck F sclerites at the basal polyp body G sclerites in coenenchyme. Scale bars: 20 cm (B); 2 mm (C); 300 μm (D-G at the same scale)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.989.53104.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/473211" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">4F</figureCitation>
|
|
vs. Figures
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. External morphology, polyps and sclerites of Chrysogorgia dendritica MBM 286353 A, B the tree-shaped colony in situ and after collection (likely an adult), with a broken stem and a branching part C a single polyp under a light microscope D long polyp neck under SEM E sclerites in tentacles F sclerites of the polyp neck G sclerites in coenenchyme H sclerites at the basal polyp body. Scale bars: 10 cm (B); 1 mm (C); 200 μm (D); 50 μm (E), 100 μm (F, G, H)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.989.53104.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/473208" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">1F</figureCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. External morphology, polyps and sclerites of Chrysogorgia dendritica MBM 286442 A, B the bottlebrush-like colony in situ and after collection (likely a juvenile) C a single polyp under a light microscope D a single polyp under SEM E tentacular part under SEM F coenenchyme under SEM G sclerites in tentacles H sclerites extending to pinnules I sclerites of the polyp neck J sclerites in coenenchyme K sclerites at the basal polyp body. Scale bars: 10 cm (B); 1 mm (C, D); 300 μm (E, F); 200 μm (G, I-K at the same scale), 100 μm (H)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.989.53104.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/473209" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2I</figureCitation>
|
|
); (3) scales at the basal polyp body of the holotype and MBM286444 are more irregular and amoeba-shaped than the other specimens (Figure
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. External morphology, polyps and sclerites of Chrysogorgia dendritica MBM 286444 A, B the colony in situ and after collection (likely an intermediate state) C a single polyp under SEM D sclerites in tentacles E sclerites of the polyp neck F sclerites at the basal polyp body G sclerites in coenenchyme. Scale bars: 20 cm (B); 2 mm (C); 300 μm (D-G at the same scale)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.989.53104.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/473211" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">4E</figureCitation>
|
|
vs. Figures
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. External morphology, polyps and sclerites of Chrysogorgia dendritica MBM 286353 A, B the tree-shaped colony in situ and after collection (likely an adult), with a broken stem and a branching part C a single polyp under a light microscope D long polyp neck under SEM E sclerites in tentacles F sclerites of the polyp neck G sclerites in coenenchyme H sclerites at the basal polyp body. Scale bars: 10 cm (B); 1 mm (C); 200 μm (D); 50 μm (E), 100 μm (F, G, H)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.989.53104.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/473208" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">1H</figureCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. External morphology, polyps and sclerites of Chrysogorgia dendritica MBM 286442 A, B the bottlebrush-like colony in situ and after collection (likely a juvenile) C a single polyp under a light microscope D a single polyp under SEM E tentacular part under SEM F coenenchyme under SEM G sclerites in tentacles H sclerites extending to pinnules I sclerites of the polyp neck J sclerites in coenenchyme K sclerites at the basal polyp body. Scale bars: 10 cm (B); 1 mm (C, D); 300 μm (E, F); 200 μm (G, I-K at the same scale), 100 μm (H)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.989.53104.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/473209" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2K</figureCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. External morphology, polyps and sclerites of Chrysogorgia dendritica MBM 286443 A, B the tree-shaped colony in situ and after collection (likely an adult) C a single polyp under SEM D sclerites in tentacles E sclerites at the basal polyp body F sclerites of the polyp neck G sclerites in coenenchyme. Scale bars: 10 cm (B); 1 mm (C); 300 μm (D-G at the same scale)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.989.53104.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/473210" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">3E</figureCitation>
|
|
); and (4) scales in coenenchyme are more elongate in MBM286442 than the other specimens (Figure
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. External morphology, polyps and sclerites of Chrysogorgia dendritica MBM 286442 A, B the bottlebrush-like colony in situ and after collection (likely a juvenile) C a single polyp under a light microscope D a single polyp under SEM E tentacular part under SEM F coenenchyme under SEM G sclerites in tentacles H sclerites extending to pinnules I sclerites of the polyp neck J sclerites in coenenchyme K sclerites at the basal polyp body. Scale bars: 10 cm (B); 1 mm (C, D); 300 μm (E, F); 200 μm (G, I-K at the same scale), 100 μm (H)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.989.53104.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/473209" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2J</figureCitation>
|
|
vs. Figures
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. External morphology, polyps and sclerites of Chrysogorgia dendritica MBM 286353 A, B the tree-shaped colony in situ and after collection (likely an adult), with a broken stem and a branching part C a single polyp under a light microscope D long polyp neck under SEM E sclerites in tentacles F sclerites of the polyp neck G sclerites in coenenchyme H sclerites at the basal polyp body. Scale bars: 10 cm (B); 1 mm (C); 200 μm (D); 50 μm (E), 100 μm (F, G, H)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.989.53104.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/473208" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">1G</figureCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. External morphology, polyps and sclerites of Chrysogorgia dendritica MBM 286443 A, B the tree-shaped colony in situ and after collection (likely an adult) C a single polyp under SEM D sclerites in tentacles E sclerites at the basal polyp body F sclerites of the polyp neck G sclerites in coenenchyme. Scale bars: 10 cm (B); 1 mm (C); 300 μm (D-G at the same scale)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.989.53104.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/473210" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">3G</figureCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. External morphology, polyps and sclerites of Chrysogorgia dendritica MBM 286444 A, B the colony in situ and after collection (likely an intermediate state) C a single polyp under SEM D sclerites in tentacles E sclerites of the polyp neck F sclerites at the basal polyp body G sclerites in coenenchyme. Scale bars: 20 cm (B); 2 mm (C); 300 μm (D-G at the same scale)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.989.53104.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/473211" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">4G</figureCitation>
|
|
). However, these differences are minor and not constant, and we thus treate as the conspecific variation.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.989.53104.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/473210" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 3.</emphasis>
|
|
External morphology, polyps and sclerites of
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Xu, Zhan & Xu" authorityYear="2020" class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Chrysogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysogorgia dendritica" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dendritica">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Chrysogorgia dendritica</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
MBM286443
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A, B</emphasis>
|
|
the tree-shaped colony
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">in situ</emphasis>
|
|
and after collection (likely an adult)
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
|
|
a single polyp under SEM
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
|
|
sclerites in tentacles
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
|
|
sclerites at the basal polyp body
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
|
|
sclerites of the polyp neck
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
|
|
sclerites in coenenchyme. Scale bars: 10 cm (
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
|
|
); 1 mm (
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
|
|
); 300
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
|
(
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D-G</emphasis>
|
|
at the same scale).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.989.53104.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/473211" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 4.</emphasis>
|
|
External morphology, polyps and sclerites of
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Xu, Zhan & Xu" authorityYear="2020" class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Chrysogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chrysogorgia dendritica" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dendritica">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Chrysogorgia dendritica</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
MBM286444
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A, B</emphasis>
|
|
the colony
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">in situ</emphasis>
|
|
and after collection (likely an intermediate state)
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
|
|
a single polyp under SEM
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
|
|
sclerites in tentacles
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
|
|
sclerites of the polyp neck
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
|
|
sclerites at the basal polyp body
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
|
|
sclerites in coenenchyme. Scale bars: 20 cm (
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
|
|
); 2 mm (
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
|
|
); 300
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
|
(
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D-G</emphasis>
|
|
at the same scale).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
The four specimens of
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. dendritica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="dendritica">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. dendritica</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
showed a series of growth stages, from bottlebrush-like colony (juvenile) to tree-shaped colony (adult). Considering the diameter size of the stem base and scars on the stem, the specimen MBM286442 is likely a juvenile with a narrow stem and without scars, while the other specimens have wider stems and some old scars of the past branches (Table
|
|
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Morphological comparisons between Chrysogorgia carolinensis sp. nov., Chrysogorgia dendritica Xu, Zhan & Xu, 2020 and Chrysogorgia abludo Pante & Watling, 2012, including detailed morphological measuring data of five specimens of C. dendritica." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/102C03DD724B3F7A2D0CD66B4F032B12" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableUuid="102C03DD724B3F7A2D0CD66B4F032B12">1</tableCitation>
|
|
). The juvenile has a bottlebrush-like colony (Figure
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. External morphology, polyps and sclerites of Chrysogorgia dendritica MBM 286442 A, B the bottlebrush-like colony in situ and after collection (likely a juvenile) C a single polyp under a light microscope D a single polyp under SEM E tentacular part under SEM F coenenchyme under SEM G sclerites in tentacles H sclerites extending to pinnules I sclerites of the polyp neck J sclerites in coenenchyme K sclerites at the basal polyp body. Scale bars: 10 cm (B); 1 mm (C, D); 300 μm (E, F); 200 μm (G, I-K at the same scale), 100 μm (H)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.989.53104.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/473209" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2B</figureCitation>
|
|
), while the adult has a long monopodial stem with branches occurring on the top, forming a tree-shaped colony (Figures
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. External morphology, polyps and sclerites of Chrysogorgia dendritica MBM 286353 A, B the tree-shaped colony in situ and after collection (likely an adult), with a broken stem and a branching part C a single polyp under a light microscope D long polyp neck under SEM E sclerites in tentacles F sclerites of the polyp neck G sclerites in coenenchyme H sclerites at the basal polyp body. Scale bars: 10 cm (B); 1 mm (C); 200 μm (D); 50 μm (E), 100 μm (F, G, H)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.989.53104.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/473208" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">1B</figureCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. External morphology, polyps and sclerites of Chrysogorgia dendritica MBM 286443 A, B the tree-shaped colony in situ and after collection (likely an adult) C a single polyp under SEM D sclerites in tentacles E sclerites at the basal polyp body F sclerites of the polyp neck G sclerites in coenenchyme. Scale bars: 10 cm (B); 1 mm (C); 300 μm (D-G at the same scale)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.989.53104.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/473210" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">3B</figureCitation>
|
|
). Compared to the changing colony shapes, the sclerite forms showed small variation in the growth stages and can be used as a main character to identify the species.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |