treatments-xml/data/60/E3/1C/60E31C7DA3B75FF5AD8E682FA5E32085.xml

<document ID-CLB-Dataset="21010" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.158.50848" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4d1dd045-c029-47d4-b441-a7fd49443918" ID-PMC="PMC7483337" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-158-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="8480BB61E8B2553ABA8D418072EC52B6" ID-PubMed="32973385" ModsDocID="1314-2003-158-1" checkinTime="1599212532520" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Calvo, Joel &amp; Moreira-Munoz, Andres" docDate="2020" docId="60E31C7DA3B75FF5AD8E682FA5E32085" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 158: 1-106" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 158" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.158.50848" docTitle="Xenophyllum rigidum V. A. Funk, Novon 7 (3): 240. 1997" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" id="8480BB61E8B2553ABA8D418072EC52B6" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="8480BB61E8B2553ABA8D418072EC52B6" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic revision of the Andean genus Xenophyllum (Compositae, Senecioneae)" masterLastPageNumber="106" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1720471607920" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="37FBAAEBAFD6E3A8A15263B6D4E808B6">Taxonomic revision of the Andean genus Xenophyllum (Compositae, Senecioneae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="5B00C3CD61F20865F3A9449B82BDD9B7">Calvo, Joel</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="D5D27B75307D59C1E7232ABC1CD07571">Instituto de Geografia, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Geografia, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Valparaiso, Avenida Brasil 2241, 2362807 Valparaiso, Chile</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="FAE87EAC8D79EC700EBAAFE72039D059">Moreira-Munoz, Andres</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="5E202F73C346D5507FEF96C131C9B8AC">Instituto de Geografia, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Geografia, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Valparaiso, Avenida Brasil 2241, 2362807 Valparaiso, Chile</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="60E31C7DA3B75FF5AD8E682FA5E32085" ID-GBIF-Taxon="167491838" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:60E31C7DA3B75FF5AD8E682FA5E32085" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/60E31C7DA3B75FF5AD8E682FA5E32085" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<subSubSection id="D8953047BF801E78A266B4FC907802E3" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="277E316010D1254F75E7DA922B87F446" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
6. 
<taxonomicName id="C2E18CA15588FC0D448F0CEFC629B1C7" ID-CoL="5CB4P" LSID="60E31C7D-A3B7-5FF5-AD8E-682FA5E32085" authority="(Kunth) V. A. Funk, Novon 7 (3): 240. 1997." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Xenophyllum" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Xenophyllum rigidum" order="Asterales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rigidum">Xenophyllum rigidum (Kunth) V.A.Funk, Novon 7(3): 240. 1997.</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6AA645328A2BBF6DC377F79833C5D5A4" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="DB5E945F97E68FB0A9B0E16CAB3ED129" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="31FF8AF26BBEBB6223853D7E5538A884" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Werneria" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Werneria rigida" order="Asterales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rigida">Werneria rigida</taxonomicName>
Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. [ed. fol.] 4: 149. 1818. Type. Ecuador. [&quot;in summis Andibus Quitensium&quot; according to the 
<emphasis id="DAD6F94C797A9ABF17A68EBC9409C350" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">ind. loc.</emphasis>
], [without date], 
<emphasis id="4AD5A8574D58FD43CFDBC7577CF65192" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F.W.H.A. Humboldt &amp; A.J.A. Bonpland s.n.</emphasis>
(lectotype: Humboldt and 
<normalizedToken id="B649FA24F29B6788EB698DE2C77CB61E" originalValue="Bonpland’s">Bonpland's</normalizedToken>
collection at P as the first-step lectotype, designated as 
<normalizedToken id="0F6336B3229A577C300383347D0B49A2" originalValue="“holotype”">&quot;holotype&quot;</normalizedToken>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="36A88EA4FD11C8C017CAA49B4AA674F6" DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/3391934" author="Funk, VA" journalOrPublisher="Novon" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="235 - 241" refId="B15" refString="Funk, VA, 1997a. Xenophyllum, a New Andean Genus Extracted from Werneria s.l. (Compositae: Senecioneae). Novon 7 (3): 235 - 241, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/3391934" title="Xenophyllum, a New Andean Genus Extracted from Werneria s. l. (Compositae: Senecioneae)." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/3391934" volume="7" year="1997 a">Funk (1997a</bibRefCitation>
: 240); P-00320180 (digital image!) as the second-step lectotype, designated here; isolectotypes: B-W-16432-01-0 (digital image!), HAL-0113456 (digital image!), P-02088567 (digital image!), P-02088569 (digital image!), P-02088570 (digital image!)).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="434666049DA50A5F7642C72CF738AA57" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="D7467BB39A2FE2802F4B9E96C1BF621F" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Oresigonia" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Oresigonia pycnophylla" order="Asterales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pycnophylla">Oresigonia pycnophylla</taxonomicName>
Willd. ex Rockh., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 70: 292. 1939, 
<emphasis id="A116BA8D75CE536306006EC81CB346FA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">nom. inval. pro syn.</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="A7A298E242CEF4689C11EAC1388FE0C4" DOI="https://doi.org/10.12705/Code.2018" author="Turland, NJ" journalOrPublisher="Phytotaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B33" refString="Turland, NJ, Wiersema, JH, Barrie, FR, Greuter, W, Hawksworth, DL, Herendeen, PS, Knapp, S, Kusber, W-H, Li, D-Z, Marhold, K, May, TW, McNeill, J, Monro, AM, Prado, J, Price, MJ, Smith, GF, 2018. International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code). Regnum Vegetabile 159: I-XXXVIII, 1-254. https://doi.org/10.12705/Code.2018" title="International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code). Regnum Vegetabile 159: I-XXXVIII, 1 - 254." url="https://doi.org/10.12705/Code.2018" year="2018">Turland et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
, ICN Art. 36.1).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5BCAFE8B41F3525597A67AA6C32B5E05" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph id="EB5B0598C556CFE826FF6B93CB120F7D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="630D172F30C01AEA0DF44D65AE2ED8CF" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Suffruticose plant, forming mats or hummocks, with rhizome-like stems up to 16 cm long covered with matted lanate indumentum and leaf bases, rather erect, simple or branched from the base. 
<emphasis id="0014F5ABF9685C6687D1094A62E0EBD9" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Stems</emphasis>
2.5-4 cm tall (aerial part), lanate. 
<emphasis id="2C4DA1A547C0CA933428C18E8372F7B8" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Leaves</emphasis>
stellate-imbricate, extending into a sheath-like base that bears long silky trichomes; leaf laminas 12.6-13.5 
<normalizedToken id="F0A661B68F75CE300C2D967405F137F1" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
2.3-2.4 mm, linear, obtuse at the apex, entire, elliptical in cross section, glabrous, unconspicuously nerved above, 1-nerved beneath (only visible in the lower half), fleshy, drying coriaceous, rather matte, papillose. 
<emphasis id="460AD61330B95DA35E0154CD14D2F3C0" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Capitula</emphasis>
radiate, erect, sessile, completely enclosed among the leaves. 
<emphasis id="17A034DAB6A4779C0CD9476F4076929A" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Involucres</emphasis>
11.5-12.8 
<normalizedToken id="67F056CDCCAF939ADA16001E760C8656" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
7.2-11.3 mm, cupuliform; involucral bracts ca. 13, 6.9-8.5 
<normalizedToken id="A1B192FD25EAD44D4A2975CE947403CD" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
1.7-2 mm, rather acute at the apex, dark-purplish. 
<emphasis id="D54AB1FB508A90350FDEE1C578C0ABFC" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ray florets</emphasis>
ca. 13; corollas 9.6-11 
<normalizedToken id="7E670EE165B89CC81E7F8650F25848BE" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
1.5-1.9 mm, 4 to 6-veined, subentire to 3-toothed at the apex, conspicuously surpassing the involucre, white. 
<emphasis id="5C7C10D34646E349121A43A69C1A8C8A" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Disc florets</emphasis>
38 to 41; corollas 5.1-6.2 mm long, whitish, usually yellow-tipped; style branches truncate with a crown of sweeping trichomes or slightly penicillate, purplish. 
<emphasis id="360266C79713E3E059A8E0CB64C33F8D" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Achenes</emphasis>
2.9-3.8 
<normalizedToken id="B557A51A01DF1AA46E7279A9179D2198" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
1-1.1 mm, cylindrical, white-villous with trichomes ca. 1 mm long (ribs invisible); pappus 6.8-8.4 mm long, barbellate, whitish. Chromosome number unknown. Fig. 
<figureCitation id="93DBE868CB6CC0C7FAEBFACE9635EF77" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Xenophyllum rigidum A habit B capitulum C adaxial leaf surface D ray floret (pappus removed) E detail of ray corolla apex F style of ray floret G disc floret (frontward bristles removed) H style of disc floret I stamen. All details drawn from Asplund 8391 (US) except for A (drawn from Grubb et al. 569, NY), C (drawn from Asplund 17334, NY), and G-I (drawn from Anthony &amp; Tate 316, US). Illustration by Alice Tangerini." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.158.50848.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/448891" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">11</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="C3DD860B535E87C888CAEDEC9934BA46" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.158.50848.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/448891" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 11" startId="F11">
<paragraph id="A762CBCCDB4DEA7E1B12F845EACC49B0" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="8B04188590DF5B7F62E416E58C5E6F00" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 11.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="DB20A7D9C01AD2AF4C1DFED6138A4799" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Xenophyllum" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Xenophyllum rigidum" order="Asterales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rigidum">
<emphasis id="D01C1CD4523AB4658AF26574778096B0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Xenophyllum rigidum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="5D96E7E1CE1E42CA8A3392E45D9797C5" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
habit 
<emphasis id="CD1167F86E34852CEC6413E9D139ABA4" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
capitulum 
<emphasis id="F87E72358AC26B3ECEE9128D460AE3CD" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
adaxial leaf surface 
<emphasis id="7F18649EFBA88434E89AEF63649B3CE4" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
ray floret (pappus removed) 
<emphasis id="3426E31262A8E5377DBD38F0EFF92059" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
detail of ray corolla apex 
<emphasis id="9F24268D3EB51248436490A02C18994B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
style of ray floret 
<emphasis id="85A4412AE376F1975C713AE5C2EEA89A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
disc floret (frontward bristles removed) 
<emphasis id="FDF19D93277069038E8B21D37EB15975" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H</emphasis>
style of disc floret 
<emphasis id="99C66BC9C571C2B9A15EF0BDBE0C4901" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">I</emphasis>
stamen. All details drawn from 
<emphasis id="10AC4071A023DB3CF6EB76AB9D364CF6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Asplund 8391</emphasis>
(US) except for 
<emphasis id="71D4E70850E6683BCFCCAC9C6D43C642" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
(drawn from 
<emphasis id="4D784AAFAD505D005AAD93F13924F61E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Grubb et al. 569</emphasis>
, NY), 
<emphasis id="761A647938FD8E68A255A08AC61E5D1E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
(drawn from 
<emphasis id="F236515DCB8E3DA1AA0E894DB3B0C517" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Asplund 17334</emphasis>
, NY), and 
<emphasis id="77300D460CEE1E2B8C4529391D3C180C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G-I</emphasis>
(drawn from 
<emphasis id="4E94D3D1CC57C0D33BA1924365E58F51" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Anthony &amp; Tate 316</emphasis>
, US). Illustration by Alice Tangerini.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D707D2C6A09B0A9E9B03927CA56817B1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="additional iconography">
<paragraph id="EA5BAD52B2B083E9FD1AB36982F80045" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Additional iconography.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="52C04A840D8AD929C0802A7229582B2F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<bibRefCitation id="21048CB750B6DC18A99A48CE65B6008E" author="Funk, VA" editor="Valencia, R" journalOrPublisher="Memorias del II Congreso Ecuatoriano de Botanica realizado en la Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador, Quito. Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador, Ecuador; Universidad de Aarhus, Dinamarca" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="25 - 35" refId="B16" refString="Funk, VA, 1997b. Werneria s.l. (Compositae: Senecioneae) in Ecuador. In: Valencia, R, Balslev, H, Eds., Estudios sobre diversidad y ecologia de plantas. Memorias del II Congreso Ecuatoriano de Botanica realizado en la Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador, Quito. Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador, Ecuador; Universidad de Aarhus, Dinamarca: 25 - 35" title="Werneria s. l. (Compositae: Senecioneae) in Ecuador." volumeTitle="Estudios sobre diversidad y ecologia de plantas." year="1997 b">Funk (1997b</bibRefCitation>
: 33, fig. 3D).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2640DAB92D49B135CF9FB868F10F5540" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="0B90D701A7159ADB6E833A8F5A165051" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution and habitat.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="828A3C3BAE330073B3B2AC6E03E31B2F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Endemic to Ecuador (
<normalizedToken id="A7588462294B0A11B045813AA18F787C" originalValue="Bolívar">Bolivar</normalizedToken>
, Chimborazo, Cotopaxi, Napo, Pichincha, Tungurahua). It grows in rocky outcrops and on sandy soils, rather dry, around the upper limit of vegetation of the superparamo ecoregion, at elevations of (3500-)3900-5100 m (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="D1A899E3475BE55FA7CDCCAA33F2D1FF" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Distribution map of Xenophyllum rigidum (left hand), X. crassum subsp. crassum (right hand, closed triangle), and X. crassum subsp. orientale (right hand, open circle)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.158.50848.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/448892" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">12</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="BAF9733D3A370C0C9CDC3EFF43E64264" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.158.50848.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/448892" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 12" startId="F12">
<paragraph id="8FDD96E2239500BAABE79C9C3827BAA3" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="749BBD5FB243AC7793CDE513C179A337" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 12.</emphasis>
Distribution map of 
<taxonomicName id="19E94D863A7FEEB081CF7FA92EB3D0EB" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Xenophyllum" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Xenophyllum rigidum" order="Asterales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rigidum">
<emphasis id="99DB928E2A968F1F66E3B2867B4A5B13" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Xenophyllum rigidum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(left hand), 
<taxonomicName id="2FC35F8807BB99B7086AB235338B3A17" authority="subsp. crassum" lsidName="X. crassum subsp. crassum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="subSpecies" species="crassum" subSpecies="crassum">X. crassum subsp. crassum</taxonomicName>
(right hand, closed triangle), and 
<taxonomicName id="4DAD67D64AB47F00A0A2C1A1D3F78373" lsidName="X. crassum subsp. orientale" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="subSpecies" species="crassum" subSpecies="orientale">X. crassum subsp. orientale</taxonomicName>
(right hand, open circle).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4D572B009121F5A9BF87E79C303B2CD2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="phenology">
<paragraph id="9E5558FFD4DB438AE786E18143A75620" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phenology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3AF95D9EF6FD8214D1F5FCD211C4C67" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Flowering from April to November.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="07AD8D23C35D68A385A23F1FDD0E7696" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="FA3E6B10D9621D4212E911B5C8ED787C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1D291C8FE4D532DA85577D3C4BF375F1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
The epithet 
<emphasis id="00D2FE6C52F20CD08A9BE79BDA7A2D91" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">rigidum</emphasis>
means stiff, inflexible and it describes the leaves of this species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EAE78F5D1BC3862EA5871B64CA866FA3" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="notes">
<paragraph id="B87E8C187D727627A7C953981A93AEFB" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8D7FD7EFC53EE986AA718DD71DE28B06" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="39D32EAA5194F7AA426817A43DB1B5BC" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Xenophyllum" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Xenophyllum rigidum" order="Asterales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rigidum">
<emphasis id="AB6CB787CB6087C32E6A194367C43B3D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Xenophyllum rigidum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is readily distinguished by its tough, linear, and apically obtuse leaves, as well as by its white-villous achenes. The rhizome-like stems are very robust and covered with a matted lanate indumentum where the leaf bases are sunked in. Another characteristic feature of this species is that the capitula are completely enclosed among the leaves.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="951834D3666C6E363FDBC1BC784B248D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="41DD9F3F411D52A290D14ED38E781A2A" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Xenophyllum" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Xenophyllum rigidum" order="Asterales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rigidum">
<emphasis id="982437D4D1A795882940766015607F28" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Xenophyllum rigidum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is morphologically close to 
<taxonomicName id="0A56CC70A26BE4A79E7B8ACD19982B2F" lsidName="X. funkianum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="funkianum">
<emphasis id="241060ABF65574FD26D572AD71603933" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">X. funkianum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="46E7422B475B27360F6472FECE844103" authority="(S. F. Blake) V. A. Funk subsp. crassum" lsidName="X. crassum subsp. crassum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="subSpecies" species="crassum" subSpecies="crassum">X. crassum (S.F.Blake) V.A.Funk subsp. crassum</taxonomicName>
(see comments under these taxa), and 
<taxonomicName id="A866EAFE9EA5B2F50D00DE03979265FB" lsidName="X. humile" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="humile">
<emphasis id="CA5EDBA3DDA746CE47056D2E1E328256" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">X. humile</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. From the latter species, it differs in having larger leaves (12.6-13.5 
<normalizedToken id="CCBDEFE8D1F24B5CD30EBB39B60E7B41" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
2.3-2.4 mm vs. 2.5-10.8 
<normalizedToken id="39BC7BED8F6999780751EC103C164C70" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.5-1.5 mm in 
<taxonomicName id="343E35AD344A59CCC3312D8A083ED268" lsidName="X. humile" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="humile">
<emphasis id="11BF2A152F000A0ABF6723E0A45FCEB7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">X. humile</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), longer involucral bracts (6.9-8.5 mm vs 3.1-6.1 mm in 
<taxonomicName id="E9813F0F43CE6F7C7D0C6B4D5A934FDD" lsidName="X. humile" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="humile">
<emphasis id="8FB049D714A7A6B5EE34202283B9BC44" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">X. humile</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), higher number of disc florets (38 to 41 vs. (8-)22 to 39 in 
<taxonomicName id="947CEF7E612134828AA377689B8C3E94" lsidName="X. humile" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="humile">
<emphasis id="14BEF0D102B558A851321F9B3152194D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">X. humile</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and white-villous achenes (vs. glabrous in 
<taxonomicName id="34FD1080D9E269B3C6B0BF10BA335CC3" lsidName="X. humile" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="humile">
<emphasis id="4BBB5C5130217250904B49A240F36270" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">X. humile</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0911C2FB536739A22FFB95C409DC352B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
The specimen B-W-16432-01-0 kept at the Willdenow Herbarium is considered part of the original material and designated as isolectotype. Willdenow received the specimen from Humboldt as stated by Schlechtendal on the blue label at the bottom of the sheet. Although unnumbered, it contains an individual identical to those from the lectotype. See 
<bibRefCitation id="25E951EBA444127465452A5E42A23270" author="Hind, DJN" journalOrPublisher="Arnaldoa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B18" refString="Hind, DJN, Jeffrey, C, 2001. A checklist of the Compositae of Vol. IV of Humboldt, Bonpland &amp; Kunth's Nova Genera et Species Plantarum.Compositae Newsletter 37: 1-84." title="A checklist of the Compositae of Vol. IV of Humboldt, Bonpland &amp; Kunth's Nova Genera et Species Plantarum. Compositae Newsletter 37: 1 - 84." year="2001">Hind and Jeffrey (2001)</bibRefCitation>
for further details on Humboldt and 
<normalizedToken id="0CD607B9ACF4BFCA710FD76CE08C0719" originalValue="Bonpland’s">Bonpland's</normalizedToken>
material in the Willdenow Herbarium.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="162AEB7A2327E212270FF14774A580A9" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="F3509E486737E864A7EDD841AB145F47" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Additional specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AB1603AB5825CA1964C53F55D485177D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="75C92C1866EEDBF9037EB719C206724F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Ecuador. 
<normalizedToken id="BB19F162C0497AA6E224D2030CA03E8F" originalValue="Bolívar">Bolivar</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
: 
<normalizedToken id="16506308AC4C6347E8337C6099406C73" originalValue="volcán">volcan</normalizedToken>
Chimborazo, W side of the mountain, ca. 4 km from the road Ambato-Guaranda, 
<geoCoordinate id="83DF0C4DDFEEE42C33250FD762D6AF12" degrees="1" direction="south" minutes="28" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-1.4666667">1°28'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="4BC00EFED50EF41BD6464CDB956A6E8F" degrees="78" direction="west" minutes="48" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-78.8">78°48'W</geoCoordinate>
, 14 Sep 1995, 
<emphasis id="F769F438DFD51B816CE12CE82009A8BF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
P. 
<normalizedToken id="996A246DD58BE52CED9796373962F096" originalValue="Sklenář">Sklenar</normalizedToken>
&amp; V. 
<normalizedToken id="FFB80F1D1C354020E8FE81124B1E5FA2" originalValue="Kostečková">Kosteckova</normalizedToken>
1274
</emphasis>
(QCA); 
<emphasis id="0B5B11648DBF7BB187A7C5F31165147B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Chimborazo</emphasis>
: southern slope of Mount Chimborazo, 
<geoCoordinate id="6E7E156E4F13B43730EA7EB7635B690C" degrees="1" direction="south" minutes="29" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-1.4833333">1°29'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="398D8DB8F920195C6E077923E07738BA" degrees="78" direction="west" minutes="48" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-78.8">78°48'W</geoCoordinate>
, 18 Aug 1939, 
<emphasis id="BC6E6E98CACB90D9B2F201B6958F4B3E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E. Asplund 8391</emphasis>
(CAS, US); comunidad de Ambrosio Lazo, sector Patococha-Loma Caparina, 
<geoCoordinate id="567C3AD014469607200E4D0FCBE67297" degrees="1" direction="south" minutes="44" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-1.7333333">1°44'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="2092A4A5B6D2F8D632DCFABBFA62C769" degrees="78" direction="west" minutes="53" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-78.88333">78°53'W</geoCoordinate>
, 5 Jun 2009, 
<emphasis id="80FE9C38CEFF4EDAAB86FB1418B0ADEF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
D. 
<normalizedToken id="6BC61E8609CC075E1BA55862FDEADE8F" originalValue="Cárate">Carate</normalizedToken>
et al. 593
</emphasis>
(QCA); rd. to el refugio, ca. 17 km from Ambato-Guaranda rd., 0.5 km from refugio Whymper, 
<geoCoordinate id="64B4C6DFD796B59FD868CF75DB537E7D" degrees="1" direction="south" minutes="28" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-1.4666667">1°28'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="938799F928A615DDA75CDB2BB06F989E" degrees="78" direction="west" minutes="50" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-78.833336">78°50'W</geoCoordinate>
, 21 Oct 1995, 
<emphasis id="765AF4A93F794ABEEC5B2A7E8A93AD0A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">V.A. Funk 11422</emphasis>
(US); Mt. Chimborazo, along road toward los refugios del Chimborazo, near the end of the access road at the superparamo, near camping spaces, 
<geoCoordinate id="9E3C1D9F0F1EEA63170A6973BD7D9ABD" degrees="1" direction="south" minutes="28" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-1.4666667">1°28'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="AE80BE6E57CDDD9FC07890C9EC5A993C" degrees="78" direction="west" minutes="50" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-78.833336">78°50'W</geoCoordinate>
, 20 Apr 2018, 
<emphasis id="73FE773422BCDD7CD3A49C8DF318A2EC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">V.A. Funk &amp; J.M. Bonifacino 14053</emphasis>
(US); cerca del refugio E. Whymper, lado SW del Chimborazo, 
<geoCoordinate id="AA734C8DA2FF72D05063BA091F749DF2" degrees="1" direction="south" minutes="28" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-1.4666667">1°28'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="FDB43BC2E3A81406E284797AB33CEC34" degrees="78" direction="west" minutes="50" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-78.833336">78°50'W</geoCoordinate>
, 14 Oct 1980, 
<emphasis id="9725A28D715AF9C55450AD884FF226B4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. Halloy B-182</emphasis>
(NY); Chimborazo, Nov 1864, 
<emphasis id="A0C5C9996A2DCF606DBC5409C6064533" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">J. Isern 83</emphasis>
(C, MA); E side of the Chimborazo volcano, top of the terminal moraine around a small glacial lake, 
<geoCoordinate id="70CC90F0B8B34DC7926A31E87D59F78F" degrees="1" direction="south" minutes="28" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-1.4666667">1°28'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="F094B424D9377CAF6ABFC1A3EE971B05" degrees="78" direction="west" minutes="46" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-78.76667">78°46'W</geoCoordinate>
, 4 Jul 1997, 
<emphasis id="9154598C36AEC0F8DE7CA29BE693F70D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
P. 
<normalizedToken id="6AE818AA82E76396AA6A7C368269324A" originalValue="Sklenář">Sklenar</normalizedToken>
&amp; V. 
<normalizedToken id="F2D0F76437A09ABD72280B274699FC29" originalValue="Sklenářová">Sklenarova</normalizedToken>
2228
</emphasis>
(QCA, US); W side of the Chimborazo volcano, 
<geoCoordinate id="076459A346D0BE6F7FC7E85EDADA3FE5" degrees="1" direction="south" minutes="28" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-1.4666667">1°28'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="721BD7957B68ECF3EE632C4CD08AAC99" degrees="78" direction="west" minutes="52" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-78.86667">78°52'W</geoCoordinate>
, 5 Jul 1999, 
<emphasis id="88220938E85771CE5637006B4FA7F7E6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
P. 
<normalizedToken id="0EB78D52FFA405F554060F4B176154FD" originalValue="Sklenář">Sklenar</normalizedToken>
7538
</emphasis>
(QCA); S side of Chimborazo volcano, 
<geoCoordinate id="AB57894C5224C7A6AD03C3F2D754250A" degrees="1" direction="south" minutes="28" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-1.4666667">1°28'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="7F69543AFD47340598337181E4215F6B" degrees="78" direction="west" minutes="51" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-78.85">78°51'W</geoCoordinate>
, 1 Nov 2006, 
<emphasis id="7BC2434E2C29FAD554C325012A6AA99F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
P. 
<normalizedToken id="51ED5CE648EEAAF65AB011235EBF99E5" originalValue="Sklenář">Sklenar</normalizedToken>
9338
</emphasis>
(QCA); 
<emphasis id="87CDE695CAC1105625051868A3BD5CAB" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cotopaxi</emphasis>
: around the Illiniza peaks, 4 mi. W of town of Magdalena, 
<geoCoordinate id="BBDBFE11F53BAC0CE8BD4BC14E9D918B" degrees="0" direction="south" minutes="39" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-0.65">0°39'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="D59DC6AB6F1886244D9227DA1ACD8407" degrees="78" direction="west" minutes="40" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-78.666664">78°40'W</geoCoordinate>
, 2 Apr 1991, 
<emphasis id="3BFC3C66CF0A3F63AED36876976D4BFC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">R. Bensman 358</emphasis>
(QCNE); paramo de Quispicacha, summit plateau of loma Pucyucuchu, 
<geoCoordinate id="F11EA3B5934CBF9C37E0B67DF76829F5" degrees="1" direction="south" minutes="5" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-1.0833334">1°5'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="0FF88F2C5F5157DE841E6E40680534DE" degrees="78" direction="west" minutes="50" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-78.833336">78°50'W</geoCoordinate>
, 25 Oct 2006, 
<emphasis id="0C934C1F22EC9B52B466524B9CD946C8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
P. 
<normalizedToken id="4DEE3B32C2A523BD85AD5AE69C14C737" originalValue="Sklenář">Sklenar</normalizedToken>
9269
</emphasis>
(QCA, QCNE); Iliniza, slope along the main pathway to the saddle, 
<geoCoordinate id="47E89535D78217DD8EE00C30B0577E30" degrees="0" direction="south" minutes="39" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-0.65">0°39'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="CF40B0E0F07BD670F0CBCAE6BBFF686B" degrees="78" direction="west" minutes="42" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-78.7">78°42'W</geoCoordinate>
, 5 Dec 2010, 
<emphasis id="621C98FC8FF1C6027951962949D3AEE8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">V. Zeisek 13161</emphasis>
(QCA); 
<emphasis id="DF0BA030C518E780F49F09DAEBD488C6" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Napo</emphasis>
: Antisana, Oct 1923, 
<emphasis id="30B1CC1BC2D70C4A547EC7A035317996" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H.E. Anthony &amp; G.H.H. Tate 316</emphasis>
(US); Mount Antisana, 17 Aug 1955, 
<emphasis id="EF6CC99F230144075ECA2FAF8389A613" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E. Asplund 17334</emphasis>
(NY); Antisana, 13 Aug 1979, 
<emphasis id="D4E90E972635577DE5586DF33ADB2545" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">J. Black 163</emphasis>
(AAU); Quijos, reserva 
<normalizedToken id="3A35236E77B05C78BC4875A9A25E2F18" originalValue="ecológica">ecologica</normalizedToken>
Antisana, faldas SW del 
<normalizedToken id="B480934F9EEDF4E365B151261E4FB2A7" originalValue="volcán">volcan</normalizedToken>
Antisana, 
<geoCoordinate id="5B0412D061ADE7A590F66FA96CAD8BB5" degrees="0" direction="south" minutes="29" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-0.48333332">0°29'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="C3691FED64F16A2E7987F46C6E9B1AAE" degrees="78" direction="west" minutes="10" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-78.166664">78°10'W</geoCoordinate>
, 28 Nov 1998, 
<emphasis id="45025C98F50BC2FF1D7038A511F200BD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. Freire &amp; L. Haro 2953</emphasis>
(QCNE, US); on south side of western glacier Antisana, 19 Jul 1960, 
<emphasis id="EF6F62F01A2E3B159811C2412255BE23" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P.J. Grubb et al. 569</emphasis>
(NY); on boggy plain above hacienda Antisana, 8 Aug 1960, 
<emphasis id="2F5CF650462E02ED47AEBD420623C093" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P.J. Grubb et al. 704</emphasis>
(K); lado WNW del Antisana, 
<geoCoordinate id="2368518741599374DE6AE4A2F1A26D8E" degrees="0" direction="south" minutes="28" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-0.46666667">0°28'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="B08423996189F007125F7A456B660AFE" degrees="78" direction="west" minutes="9" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-78.15">78°9'W</geoCoordinate>
, 3 Feb 1980, 
<emphasis id="DF3153F2119A08DE7600735BE5199FF8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. Halloy B-62</emphasis>
(LIL); paramo nordwestlich von Antisana, 27 Mar 1934, 
<emphasis id="D637A8EB798D8BE678BFB13EB257C1AC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E. Heinrichs 652</emphasis>
(MA); Quijos, reserva 
<normalizedToken id="0032E3AC811DBF9C6853163C6492E5BF" originalValue="ecológica">ecologica</normalizedToken>
Antisana, SW slopes of 
<normalizedToken id="74085404F701EF1DDE92DB668EB9AECC" originalValue="volcán">volcan</normalizedToken>
Antisana, just 100 m below glacier, 
<geoCoordinate id="58236912A048CB5ABAD32795D55F5730" degrees="0" direction="south" minutes="29" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-0.48333332">0°29'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="C7EBB1536823971A6F288147AFC7CB26" degrees="78" direction="west" minutes="9" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-78.15">78°9'W</geoCoordinate>
, 28 Nov 1998, 
<emphasis id="DE934BB8CEA2FAC40F0BCF0347C7DDE7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D. Neill et al. 11495</emphasis>
(QCNE); 
<normalizedToken id="D55AEAE82C2CFD5DA35A51B57B990526" originalValue="volcán">volcan</normalizedToken>
Antisana, W side of the mountain, 
<geoCoordinate id="E715E5443D4C377D146A6C4D709C372A" degrees="0" direction="south" minutes="30" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-0.5">0°30'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EEB8E5B44B108F63B2AA096CEC511CE3" degrees="78" direction="west" minutes="10" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-78.166664">78°10'W</geoCoordinate>
, 21 Jul 1997, 
<emphasis id="95A14E0D2486EDA1CB0B5EBE170572AD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
P. 
<normalizedToken id="3888E05E8583404CF53A081E5E0F69EC" originalValue="Sklenář">Sklenar</normalizedToken>
&amp; V. 
<normalizedToken id="9E5902B5C4836AACD2F2121E23819867" originalValue="Sklenářová">Sklenarova</normalizedToken>
2793
</emphasis>
(QCA); Quijos, reserva 
<normalizedToken id="EE6E696DC2B0EDF560B8B5FB2182B457" originalValue="ecológica">ecologica</normalizedToken>
Antisana, faldas occidentales del 
<normalizedToken id="1F0ED51E6ACC4F5199924642287BEDBC" originalValue="volcán">volcan</normalizedToken>
Antisana, NE de laguna Santa 
<normalizedToken id="52DD4E89E7C406D0CC8371274F3C2B03" originalValue="Lucía">Lucia</normalizedToken>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="3F5EBFE89888842835541825B3DF9EA1" degrees="0" direction="south" minutes="28" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-0.46666667">0°28'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="CA7E007B9A6CF674845771D55A37DAA7" degrees="78" direction="west" minutes="10" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-78.166664">78°10'W</geoCoordinate>
, 1 Aug 1998, 
<emphasis id="D4787EBF6AB4AD4D5ED50F187A89186F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
H. Vargas &amp; E. 
<normalizedToken id="755EF2425B646D67E97C1FF589D1CBA0" originalValue="Narváez">Narvaez</normalizedToken>
2113
</emphasis>
(QCNE, US); Quijos, reserva 
<normalizedToken id="673A598ED14193656E3E77C76409FE7C" originalValue="ecológica">ecologica</normalizedToken>
Antisana, faldas SW del 
<normalizedToken id="1BBCBC6E8C789661D7A5AC0A068078CA" originalValue="volcán">volcan</normalizedToken>
Antisana, 
<geoCoordinate id="669FC812F21BDA76A7F7CCF81167CAAA" degrees="0" direction="south" minutes="30" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-0.5">0°30'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="AD45886D4C52AF4B357E2FF215E1E8C0" degrees="78" direction="west" minutes="10" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-78.166664">78°10'W</geoCoordinate>
, 28 Nov 1998, 
<emphasis id="E7A03A91667B2FB14E9860F77DDFB902" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
H. Vargas &amp; E. 
<normalizedToken id="20F9BC03411B32C9D8051AB003229324" originalValue="Narváez">Narvaez</normalizedToken>
3103
</emphasis>
(QCNE, US); Quijos, reserva 
<normalizedToken id="EC82BF9E4481DAAF379C98FD4474F3FD" originalValue="ecológica">ecologica</normalizedToken>
Antisana, faldas SW del 
<normalizedToken id="EEB8F24441C490623035EF4DE11DF7CF" originalValue="volcán">volcan</normalizedToken>
Antisana, 
<geoCoordinate id="11F3BBDF7C1F128C175359D0ECB3EC72" degrees="0" direction="south" minutes="30" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-0.5">0°30'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="B9CB7C3A20F91234DF03EEE78FABEBC1" degrees="78" direction="west" minutes="10" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-78.166664">78°10'W</geoCoordinate>
, 28 Nov 1998, 
<emphasis id="C91FF9C41495EA55F2FF78F5E5C72D21" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
H. Vargas &amp; E. 
<normalizedToken id="DF03397B8A2420F2497F4158836FF8A0" originalValue="Narváez">Narvaez</normalizedToken>
3117
</emphasis>
(QCNE, US); Antisana, west side, Mar 1880, 
<emphasis id="E47625CEFEB7AFD958662FD6892ED5E3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E. Whymper s.n.</emphasis>
(BM); 
<emphasis id="3B4EA920E3299F8324A47F8DB2EF69B4" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pichincha</emphasis>
: Mt. Antisana, 16 Jul 1939, 
<emphasis id="55F1648816BC4F9DE1A3BDFE3815B981" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E.K. Balls 7308</emphasis>
(K); Antisana, falda WSW, 14 Sep 1986, 
<emphasis id="7D6D9372A527F2FDD978A4FC1056D9F3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. Ehrenburg 172</emphasis>
(QCA); faldas occidentales del 
<normalizedToken id="EB91F191AB211FC737C287B78B026FA7" originalValue="volcán">volcan</normalizedToken>
Antisana, 
<geoCoordinate id="3BB699B161212C68345C663D40AF0D36" degrees="0" direction="south" minutes="28" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-0.46666667">0°28'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="D907B54A83AFA1C7A09E8C22E3C3C154" degrees="78" direction="west" minutes="12" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-78.2">78°12'W</geoCoordinate>
, 8 Mar 1984, 
<emphasis id="92FFE0776010D33E3D3B1DD5DE4FC359" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
L. 
<normalizedToken id="7764D6CA8E7931C102EA4EC20C8AAD3D" originalValue="Muñoz">Munoz</normalizedToken>
365
</emphasis>
(LOJA, QCA); 
<emphasis id="4C8BBC56A7F67067156A5193237A82C4" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Tungurahua</emphasis>
: Mocha, ca. 2 km NW of the mountain Carihuairazo, 
<geoCoordinate id="EF0AEDD47FE8DC4AE95AED696D892B19" degrees="1" direction="south" minutes="24" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-1.4">1°24'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="59F4E183E9C231F16A9CA6242A30F84C" degrees="78" direction="west" minutes="47" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-78.78333">78°47'W</geoCoordinate>
, 23 Apr 1995, 
<emphasis id="7A88CCB2A57E8CC2393BC84D66B3C6B0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">J.L. Clark 725</emphasis>
(COL, QCNE).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>