163 lines
20 KiB
XML
163 lines
20 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="67AF5EC8B905AC806E52A822824C1228">A report of sea cucumbers collected on the first dedicated deep-sea biological survey of Australia’s Indian Ocean Territories around Christmas and Cocos (Keeling) Islands (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="1AD8BDD4F92C7A9D517EA89B75E1B80E">Mackenzie, Melanie</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C17FD97C72A4BEB9886AFBFEB27C4FA4">Davey, Niki</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="1B81223C8A143372690526777E0F535E">Burghardt, Ingo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C73B389C4CC72335538E37170BC2CB8F">Haines, Margaret L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="8295CDD5D50D31F8B2C8C925846DB9C1">Memoirs of Museum Victoria</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="C2AB851C4A663C8F861C60A99F0A6E2D">2024</mods:date>
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<subSubSection id="8399E8CE5258FF9AFC93EED9FB8CFA3C" box="[809,1113,1417,1440]" pageId="44" pageNumber="251" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="CB3CBB455258FF9AFC93EED9FB8CFA3C" blockId="44.[809,1113,1417,1440]" box="[809,1113,1417,1440]" pageId="44" pageNumber="251">
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<heading id="90740C295258FF9AFC93EED9FB8CFA3C" box="[809,1113,1417,1440]" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="44" pageNumber="251" reason="4">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="0C83C0C65258FF9AFCCAEEDAFB8CFA3C" ID-CoL="7PKB8" authority="Cuvier, 1817" authorityName="Cuvier" authorityYear="1817" box="[880,1113,1417,1440]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Molpadiidae" genus="Molpadia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Molpadida" pageId="44" pageNumber="251" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="F9F767575258FF9AFCCAEEDAFC00FA3C" bold="true" box="[880,981,1417,1439]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="251">Molpadia</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="AF12C6B45258FF9AFC61EED9FB8CFA3C" author="Cuvier, G. L." box="[987,1113,1418,1440]" pageId="44" pageNumber="251" refId="ref57565" refString="Cuvier, G. L. 1817. Le regne animal distribue d'apres son organisation: pour servir de base a l'histoire naturelle des animaux et d'introduction a l'anatomie comparee. Volume 4. Les Zoophytes, les Tables, et les Planches. Chez Deterville: Paris. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 41460" type="book" year="1817">Cuvier, 1817</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8399E8CE5258FF9BFC93EEE5FE36FD68" lastPageId="45" lastPageNumber="252" pageId="44" pageNumber="251" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="CB3CBB455258FF9AFC93EEE5FB65F99C" blockId="44.[809,1441,1462,1599]" pageId="44" pageNumber="251">
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<emphasis id="F9F767575258FF9AFC93EEE5FC42FA68" box="[809,919,1462,1483]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="251">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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(following
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<bibRefCitation id="AF12C6B45258FF9AFBABEEE5FAD2FA6F" author="O'Loughlin, P. M. & Skarbnik-Lopez, J. & Mackenzie, M. & VandenSpiegel, D." box="[1041,1287,1462,1484]" pageId="44" pageNumber="251" pagination="59 - 93" refId="ref61736" refString="O'Loughlin, P. M., Skarbnik-Lopez, J., Mackenzie, M., and VandenSpiegel, D. 2015. Sea cucumbers of the Kerguelen Plateau, with descriptions of new genus and species (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 73: 59 - 93. https: // doi. org / 10.24199 / j. mmv. 2015.73.07." type="journal article" year="2015">O’Loughlin et al., 2015</bibRefCitation>
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, after
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<bibRefCitation id="AF12C6B45258FF9AFAF7EEE5FC88FA4B" author="Pawson, D. L." pageId="44" pageNumber="251" pagination="97 - 123" refId="ref62072" refString="Pawson, D. L. 1977. Molpadiid sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) of the southern Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans. Antarctic Research Series Volume 26: Biology of Antarctic Seas 6: 97 - 123." type="book chapter" year="1977">Pawson, 1977</bibRefCitation>
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). “Calcareous deposits include tables, anchors, and rosettes of racquet-shaped plates and large fusiform rods in various combinations. Tail deposits tables or fusiform rods. Phosphatic deposits present or absent.”
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="CB3CBB455258FF9BFC93ED06FE36FD68" blockId="44.[809,1441,1621,1903]" lastBlockId="45.[146,779,229,715]" lastPageId="45" lastPageNumber="252" pageId="44" pageNumber="251">
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<emphasis id="F9F767575258FF9AFC93ED06FC5CF9C9" box="[809,905,1621,1642]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="251">Remarks.</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="AF12C6B45258FF9AFC28ED06FB25F9C8" author="Samyn, Y. & VandenSpiegel, D." box="[914,1264,1621,1643]" pageId="44" pageNumber="251" refId="ref63020" refString="Samyn, Y., and VandenSpiegel, D. 2016. Sublittoral and bathyal sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) from the Northern Mozambique Channel with description of six new species. Zootaxa 451 (4). https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4196.4.1" type="journal volume" year="2016">Samyn and VandenSpiegel (2016)</bibRefCitation>
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commented that there has been no complete revision of
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<taxonomicName id="0C83C0C65258FF9AFB0AED21FAC6F924" authorityName="Cuvier" authorityYear="1817" box="[1200,1299,1650,1671]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Molpadiidae" genus="Molpadia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Molpadida" pageId="44" pageNumber="251" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="F9F767575258FF9AFB0AED21FAC6F924" box="[1200,1299,1650,1671]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="251">Molpadia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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since Pawson put
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<taxonomicName id="0C83C0C65258FF9AFCF5EDDCFC00F907" box="[847,981,1679,1700]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Molpadiidae" genus="Trochostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Molpadida" pageId="44" pageNumber="251" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="F9F767575258FF9AFCF5EDDCFC00F907" box="[847,981,1679,1700]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="251">Trochostoma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and eight other genera into the group between 1965 and 1977. Pawson himself noted the ongoing issues with successfully splitting the loosely defined group into multiple genera, and the acceptance between taxonomists to maintain it for practical purposes, until more is known (
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<bibRefCitation id="AF12C6B45258FF9AFAB9EC50FA40F8BB" author="Pawson, D. L." box="[1283,1429,1795,1816]" pageId="44" pageNumber="251" pagination="97 - 123" refId="ref62072" refString="Pawson, D. L. 1977. Molpadiid sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) of the southern Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans. Antarctic Research Series Volume 26: Biology of Antarctic Seas 6: 97 - 123." type="book chapter" year="1977">Pawson, 1977</bibRefCitation>
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). There are 60 currently accepted species within
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<taxonomicName id="0C83C0C65258FF9AFA87EC4CFC05F8F2" authority="(WoRMS 2024)" baseAuthorityName="WoRMS" baseAuthorityYear="2024" class="Holothuroidea" family="Molpadiidae" genus="Molpadia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Molpadida" pageId="44" pageNumber="251" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="F9F767575258FF9AFA87EC4CFA75F897" box="[1341,1440,1823,1844]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="251">Molpadia</emphasis>
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(WoRMS 2024)
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</taxonomicName>
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, with eight of these previously known from
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<collectingCountry id="B394FBD55258FF9AFC93EC0AFC5FF8CC" box="[809,906,1881,1903]" name="Australia" pageId="44" pageNumber="251">Australia</collectingCountry>
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:
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<emphasis id="F9F767575258FF9BFC27EC09FD6AFF59" italics="true" lastPageId="45" lastPageNumber="252" pageId="44" pageNumber="251">
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<taxonomicName id="0C83C0C65258FF9AFC27EC09FB84F8CD" baseAuthorityName="Walsh" baseAuthorityYear="1891" box="[925,1105,1881,1903]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Molpadiidae" genus="Molpadia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Molpadida" pageId="44" pageNumber="251" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="adamanensis">M. adamanensis</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="0C83C0C65258FF9AFBDFEC09FB2EF8CC" baseAuthorityName="Theel" baseAuthorityYear="1886" box="[1125,1275,1882,1903]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Molpadiidae" genus="Molpadia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Molpadida" pageId="44" pageNumber="251" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="antarctica">M. antarctica</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="0C83C0C65258FF9AFAB5EC09FA49F8CD" authorityName="Clark" authorityYear="1909" box="[1295,1436,1881,1903]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Molpadiidae" genus="Molpadia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Molpadida" pageId="44" pageNumber="251" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="dissimilis">M. dissimilis</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="0C83C0C65259FF9BFF29EBB5FEDAFF59" baseAuthorityName="Sluiter" baseAuthorityYear="1901" box="[147,271,229,251]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Molpadiidae" genus="Molpadia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Molpadida" pageId="45" pageNumber="252" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="scabrum">M. scabrum</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="0C83C0C65259FF9BFEA2EBB5FE73FF59" authorityName="Pawson" authorityYear="1977" box="[280,422,229,251]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Molpadiidae" genus="Molpadia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Molpadida" pageId="45" pageNumber="252" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="abyssicola">M. abyssicola</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="0C83C0C65259FF9BFE0AEBB5FDE2FF59" baseAuthorityName="Ludwig" baseAuthorityYear="1893" box="[432,567,229,251]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Molpadiidae" genus="Molpadia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Molpadida" pageId="45" pageNumber="252" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="granulata">M. granulata</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="0C83C0C65259FF9BFDFAEBB5FD6AFF59" authorityName="Risso" authorityYear="1826" box="[576,703,229,251]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Molpadiidae" genus="Molpadia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Molpadida" pageId="45" pageNumber="252" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="musculus">M. musculus</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="0C83C0C65259FF9BFD54EBB5FE3CFEB4" authority="(Rowe et al., 2017)" baseAuthorityName="Rowe" baseAuthorityYear="2017" class="Holothuroidea" family="Molpadiidae" genus="Molpadia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Molpadida" pageId="45" pageNumber="252" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="lenticula">
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<emphasis id="F9F767575259FF9BFD54EBB5FF38FEB4" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="252">M. lenticula</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="AF12C6B45259FF9BFEB2EA51FE37FEB4" author="Rowe, F. W. E. & O'Hara, T. & Bardsley, T. M." box="[264,482,258,280]" pageId="45" pageNumber="252" pagination="447 - 490" refId="ref62806" refString="Rowe, F. W. E., O'Hara, T., and Bardsley, T. M. 2017. Class Holothuroidea. Pp. 447 - 490 in: Byrne, M. and O'Hara, T. D. (eds), Australian echinoderms: biology, ecology and evolution. CSIRO Publishing: Clayton South. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / 9781486307630" type="book chapter" year="2017">Rowe et al., 2017</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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, though there are some discrepancies between this list and genera recorded in ALA and in the NMV catalogue. Additional work will be needed to resolve the distribution discrepancies for the genus within
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<collectingCountry id="B394FBD55259FF9BFF29EA25FF26FE2F" box="[147,243,374,396]" name="Australia" pageId="45" pageNumber="252">Australia</collectingCountry>
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. In the IOT we found two lots of
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<taxonomicName id="0C83C0C65259FF9BFD8DEA25FD4FFE28" baseAuthorityName="WoRMS" baseAuthorityYear="2024" box="[567,666,374,395]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Molpadiidae" genus="Molpadia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Molpadida" pageId="45" pageNumber="252" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="F9F767575259FF9BFD8DEA25FD4FFE28" box="[567,666,374,395]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="252">Molpadia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, both from stations over
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<quantity id="0C7B16A05259FF9BFE90EAC0FE54FE0A" box="[298,385,403,425]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.7" pageId="45" pageNumber="252" unit="m" value="3700.0">3700 m</quantity>
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, which we have identified here as
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<taxonomicName id="0C83C0C65259FF9BFF29EAE3FEB1FE66" baseAuthorityName="Theel" baseAuthorityYear="1886" box="[147,356,432,454]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Molpadiidae" genus="Molpadia" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Molpadida" pageId="45" pageNumber="252" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="blakei">
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<emphasis id="F9F767575259FF9BFF29EAE3FF23FE66" box="[147,246,432,453]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="252">Molpadia</emphasis>
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cf
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<emphasis id="F9F767575259FF9BFE98EAE3FEB1FE66" box="[290,356,432,453]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="252">blakei</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="F9F767575259FF9BFED9EAE3FEB2FE66" box="[355,359,432,453]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="252">.</emphasis>
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Tri-radiate tables with a three-pillared spire, along with the presence of phosphatic deposits and lack of plate/cup ossicles, puts specimens into
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<taxonomicName id="0C83C0C65259FF9BFDF2EAB9FD12FDA3" authorityName="Muller" authorityYear="1850" box="[584,711,490,512]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Molpadiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Molpadida" pageId="45" pageNumber="252" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Molpadiidae</taxonomicName>
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rather than
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<taxonomicName id="0C83C0C65259FF9BFF7CE954FEE9FDBE" authorityName="Heding" authorityYear="1931" box="[198,316,519,541]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Caudinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Molpadida" pageId="45" pageNumber="252" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Caudinidae</taxonomicName>
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, while lack of three-armed anchor plates puts them in
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<taxonomicName id="0C83C0C65259FF9BFF53E977FE99FD9A" baseAuthorityName="WoRMS" baseAuthorityYear="2024" box="[233,332,548,569]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Molpadiidae" genus="Molpadia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Molpadida" pageId="45" pageNumber="252" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F9F767575259FF9BFF53E977FE99FD9A" box="[233,332,548,569]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="252">Molpadia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
rather than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0C83C0C65259FF9BFE70E977FDA4FD9A" authorityName="Pawson" authorityYear="1963" box="[458,625,548,569]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Molpadiidae" genus="Heteromolpadia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Molpadida" pageId="45" pageNumber="252" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F9F767575259FF9BFE70E977FDA4FD9A" box="[458,625,548,569]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="252">Heteromolpadia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AF12C6B45259FF9BFDC7E977FCDFFD9A" author="Pawson, D. L." box="[637,778,548,569]" pageId="45" pageNumber="252" pagination="97 - 123" refId="ref62072" refString="Pawson, D. L. 1977. Molpadiid sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) of the southern Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans. Antarctic Research Series Volume 26: Biology of Antarctic Seas 6: 97 - 123." type="book chapter" year="1977">Pawson, 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
key). Although we have a reduced dataset, both COI and 16S sequence data indicates that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0C83C0C65259FF9BFE0AE90DFDC6FDD0" baseAuthorityName="WoRMS" baseAuthorityYear="2024" box="[432,531,606,627]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Molpadiidae" genus="Molpadia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Molpadida" pageId="45" pageNumber="252" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F9F767575259FF9BFE0AE90DFDC6FDD0" box="[432,531,606,627]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="252">Molpadia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is paraphyletic, which is concordant with previous findings (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AF12C6B45259FF9BFE4EE928FD7CFD33" author="Miller, A. K. & Kerr, A. M. & Paulay, G. & Reich, M. & Wilson, N. G. & Carvajal, J. I. & Rouse, G. W." box="[500,681,635,657]" pageId="45" pageNumber="252" pagination="110 - 131" refId="ref60588" refString="Miller, A. K., Kerr, A. M., Paulay, G., Reich, M., Wilson, N. G., Carvajal, J. I., and Rouse, G. W. 2017. Molecular phylogeny of extant Holothuroidea (Echinodermata). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 111: 110 - 131. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2017.02.014." type="journal article" year="2017">Miller et al., 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Specific genetic placement of these IOT specimens is noted in Remarks for the species description below.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |