353 lines
46 KiB
XML
353 lines
46 KiB
XML
<document id="539E9D716D0B531D5E61E1578312795F" ID-DOI="10.24199/j.mmv.2024.83.03" ID-ISSN="1447-2554" ID-ZooBank="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:9065254A-A8EE-4162-ACDE-4D7F01B4A213" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1737338043599" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Mackenzie, Melanie, Davey, Niki, Burghardt, Ingo & Haines, Margaret L." docDate="2024" docId="432A0A53523AFFE6FC93E9B3FD7BF930" docLanguage="en" docName="MemMusVictoria.83.1.207-316.pdf" docOrigin="Memoirs of Museum Victoria (Mem. Mus. Vic.) 83" docSource="https://doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.2024.83.03" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5B3B5C052A93BFEEE334AD6097A94E45.2:MemMusVictoria.2003-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="5B3B5C052A93BFEEE334AD6097A94E45" docStyleName="MemMusVictoria.2003-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Scotothuria herringi Hansen 1978" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="287" masterDocId="BF13722B5274FFB6FFBAEB53FFD5FFA3" masterDocTitle="A report of sea cucumbers collected on the first dedicated deep-sea biological survey of Australia’s Indian Ocean Territories around Christmas and Cocos (Keeling) Islands (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea)" masterLastPageNumber="316" masterPageNumber="207" pageNumber="285" updateTime="1737338466258" updateUser="GgImagineBatch" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="F03D4B8028423617ECB5A221452F9C5C">A report of sea cucumbers collected on the first dedicated deep-sea biological survey of Australia’s Indian Ocean Territories around Christmas and Cocos (Keeling) Islands (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F07045CA0951A1AFACC74BD861A6D6E5">Mackenzie, Melanie</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A3E1581F91370FBE56BD4DA0CBE9AEDE">Davey, Niki</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="039AF3107F649E5A742658BA72A5AFCF">Burghardt, Ingo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="532273256DE56BA8D73C04B919CA7B92">Haines, Margaret L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="AE4B2F4B3086A34CF3CF1A8949CFF56F">Memoirs of Museum Victoria</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="A8EFC8338C127466117E566E6DAF7039">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="2807885E139BF0479B4D4F239E8A764E">2024-09-10</mods:number>
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<treatment id="432A0A53523AFFE6FC93E9B3FD7BF930" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:432A0A53523AFFE6FC93E9B3FD7BF930" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/432A0A53523AFFE6FC93E9B3FD7BF930" lastPageId="80" lastPageNumber="287" pageId="78" pageNumber="285">
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<paragraph id="CB3CBB45523AFFF8FC93E9B3FB46FD55" blockId="78.[809,1171,736,758]" box="[809,1171,736,758]" pageId="78" pageNumber="285">
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<heading id="90740C29523AFFF8FC93E9B3FB46FD55" box="[809,1171,736,758]" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="78" pageNumber="285" reason="5">
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<taxonomicName id="0C83C0C6523AFFF8FC93E9B3FB46FD55" ID-CoL="4VYBR" authority="Hansen, 1978" authorityName="Hansen" authorityYear="1978" box="[809,1171,736,758]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synallactidae" genus="Scotothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Synallactida" pageId="78" pageNumber="285" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="herringi">
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<emphasis id="F9F76757523AFFF8FC93E9B3FBD6FD55" bold="true" box="[809,1027,736,758]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="285">Scotothuria herringi</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="AF12C6B4523AFFF8FBB0E9B2FB46FD55" author="Hansen, B." box="[1034,1171,737,758]" pageId="78" pageNumber="285" pagination="33 - 39" refId="ref59005" refString="Hansen, B. 1978. Scotothuria herringi, a new genus and species of bathypelagic holothurians (Holothurioidea, Aspidochirota, Synallactidae). Steenstrupia 5 (4): 33 - 39." type="journal article" year="1978">Hansen, 1978</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="8399E8CE523AFFF8FCF5E86BFC53FCDC" pageId="78" pageNumber="285" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="CB3CBB45523AFFF8FCF5E86BFC53FCDC" blockId="78.[809,1440,824,895]" pageId="78" pageNumber="285">
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<treatmentCitation id="4A229D54523AFFF8FCF5E86BFB19FCE8" author="Hansen, B." box="[847,1228,824,843]" page="37" pageId="78" pageNumber="285" year="1978">
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<taxonomicName id="0C83C0C6523AFFF8FCF5E86BFB19FCE8" ID-CoL="4VYBR" authority="Hansen, 1978: 34 - 37" authorityName="Hansen" authorityPageNumber="34 - 37" authorityYear="1978" box="[847,1228,824,843]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synallactidae" genus="Scotothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Synallactida" pageId="78" pageNumber="285" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="herringi">
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<emphasis id="F9F76757523AFFF8FCF5E86BFBDFFCE8" box="[847,1034,824,843]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="285">Scotothuria herringi</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="AF12C6B4523AFFF8FBB5E86BFB19FCE8" author="Hansen, B." box="[1039,1228,824,843]" pageId="78" pageNumber="285" pagination="33 - 39" refId="ref59005" refString="Hansen, B. 1978. Scotothuria herringi, a new genus and species of bathypelagic holothurians (Holothurioidea, Aspidochirota, Synallactidae). Steenstrupia 5 (4): 33 - 39." type="journal article" year="1978">Hansen, 1978: 34–37</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, figs 1–9.—
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<treatmentCitation id="4A229D54523AFFF8FA8BE86BFC60FCC6" author="Billett, B. F. & Hansen, B. & Huggett, Q. J." page="406" pageId="78" pageNumber="285" year="1985">
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<bibRefCitation id="AF12C6B4523AFFF8FA8BE86BFC60FCC6" author="Billett, B. F. & Hansen, B. & Huggett, Q. J." pageId="78" pageNumber="285" pagination="399 - 411" refId="ref56681" refString="Billett, B. F., Hansen, B., and Huggett, Q. J. 1985. Pelagic Holothurioidea of the northeast Atlantic. Pp. 399 - 411 in: Keegan, B. F. and O'Connor, B. D. S. (eds), Echinodermata. Balkema: Rotterdam." type="book chapter" year="1985">Billett et al., 1985: 406–407</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
, fig. 5.—
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<treatmentCitation id="4A229D54523AFFF8FBB2E801FADEFCC6" author="Miller, J. E. & Pawson, D. L." box="[1032,1291,850,869]" page="4" pageId="78" pageNumber="285" year="1990">
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<bibRefCitation id="AF12C6B4523AFFF8FBB2E801FADEFCC6" author="Miller, J. E. & Pawson, D. L." box="[1032,1291,850,869]" pageId="78" pageNumber="285" pagination="1 - 18" refId="ref60669" refString="Miller, J. E., and Pawson, D. L. 1990. Swimming sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea): a survey, with analysis of swimming behavior in four bathyal species. Smithsonian Contributions to the Marine Sciences (35): 1 - 18. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 01960768.35.1." type="journal article" year="1990">Miller and Pawson, 1990: 4</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.—
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||
<treatmentCitation id="4A229D54523AFFF8FA9FE801FC57FCDC" author="Gebruk, A. V. & Smirnov, A. V. & Rogacheva, A. V." page="169" pageId="78" pageNumber="285" year="2014">
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<bibRefCitation id="AF12C6B4523AFFF8FA9FE801FC57FCDC" author="Gebruk, A. V. & Smirnov, A. V. & Rogacheva, A. V." pageId="78" pageNumber="285" pagination="156 - 180" refId="ref58352" refString="Gebruk, A. V., Smirnov, A. V., and Rogacheva, A. V. 2014. Deep-sea fauna of European seas: an annotated species check-list of benthic invertebrates living deeper than 2000 m in the seas bordering Europe. Holothuroidea. Invertebrate Zoology 11 (1): 156 - 180. https: // doi. org / 10.15298 / invertzool. 11.1.15." type="journal article" year="2014">Gebruk et al, 2014: 169</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8399E8CE523AFFE6FC93E8C6FD7BF930" lastPageId="80" lastPageNumber="287" pageId="78" pageNumber="285" type="materials_examined">
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<emphasis id="F9F76757523AFFF8FC93E8C6FC36FC0B" box="[809,995,917,936]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="285">Material examined.</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="7BEBB118523AFFF8FC51E8C5FA8BFC0A" box="[1003,1374,918,937]" collectingDate="2022-05-08" collectionCode="NMV" pageId="78" pageNumber="285" specimenCode="F308231" specimenCount="1">
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<collectionCode id="AD922380523AFFF8FC51E8C5FBF4FC0A" box="[1003,1057,918,937]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" name="Museum Victoria" pageId="78" pageNumber="285" type="Museum">NMV</collectionCode>
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<specimenCode id="9B25133E523AFFF8FB90E8C5FBAFFC0A" box="[1066,1146,918,937]" collectionCode="NMV" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" name="Museum Victoria" pageId="78" pageNumber="285" type="Museum">F308231</specimenCode>
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* (1) [IN
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<date id="BF3D9D85523AFFF8FB71E8C5FAFFFC0A" box="[1227,1322,918,937]" pageId="78" pageNumber="285" value="2022-05-08">
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<collectingDate id="AF79646D523AFFF8FB71E8C5FAFFFC0A" box="[1227,1322,918,937]" pageId="78" pageNumber="285" value="2022-05-08">2022 V08</collectingDate>
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</date>
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122]
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</materialsCitation>
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;
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<materialsCitation id="7BEBB118523AFFF8FAD0E8C5FB80FC60" collectingDate="2022-05-08" collectionCode="NMV" pageId="78" pageNumber="285" specimenCode="F308338" specimenCount="1">
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<collectionCode id="AD922380523AFFF8FAD0E8C5FA75FC0A" box="[1386,1440,918,937]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" name="Museum Victoria" pageId="78" pageNumber="285" type="Museum">NMV</collectionCode>
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<specimenCode id="9B25133E523AFFF8FC93E8E3FCAEFC60" box="[809,891,944,963]" collectionCode="NMV" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" name="Museum Victoria" pageId="78" pageNumber="285" type="Museum">F308338</specimenCode>
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* (1), [IN
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<date id="BF3D9D85523AFFF8FC73E8E3FBF1FC60" box="[969,1060,944,963]" pageId="78" pageNumber="285" value="2022-05-08">
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<collectingDate id="AF79646D523AFFF8FC73E8E3FBF1FC60" box="[969,1060,944,963]" pageId="78" pageNumber="285" value="2022-05-08">2022 V08</collectingDate>
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</date>
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196]
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="CB3CBB45523AFFF8FC93E889FAC8F8CC" blockId="78.[808,1443,986,1903]" pageId="78" pageNumber="285">
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<emphasis id="F9F76757523AFFF8FC93E889FB8CFC4C" box="[809,1113,986,1007]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="285">Diagnosis of IOT material.</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="7BEBB118523AFFF8FBDDE889FACCF8CC" collectionCode="NMV" pageId="78" pageNumber="285" specimenCode="F308338, F308231" specimenCount="1">
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Deep violet to almost black specimens, soft and gelatinous with few features remaining other than some partly fused and some free podia giving a shaggy appearance. Spongey when preserved, some lumps at one end of
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<collectionCode id="AD922380523AFFF8FC12EF1DFC31FBC0" box="[936,996,1102,1123]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" name="Museum Victoria" pageId="78" pageNumber="285" type="Museum">NMV</collectionCode>
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<specimenCode id="9B25133E523AFFF8FC55EF1EFB9DFBC1" box="[1007,1096,1101,1122]" collectionCode="NMV" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" name="Museum Victoria" pageId="78" pageNumber="285" type="Museum">F308338</specimenCode>
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that may have been a damaged mouth, exposed gut, and flat longitudinal muscles. No additional external features observed in these specimens, but
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<typeStatus id="143805E7523AFFF8FACEEFDBFA75FB3E" box="[1396,1440,1160,1181]" pageId="78" pageNumber="285">type</typeStatus>
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description includes ~18 retractile dendritic tentacles and body surrounded by lateral brim of partially fused to wholly embedded podia, plus some minute posterior midventral tube feet. IOT specimens small and damaged, ~
|
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<quantity id="0C7B16A0523AFFF8FB48EFA8FAEEFAB3" box="[1266,1339,1275,1296]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.2" pageId="78" pageNumber="285" unit="mm" value="72.0">72 mm</quantity>
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long and
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<quantity id="0C7B16A0523AFFF8FC93EE44FCA0FA8E" box="[809,885,1303,1325]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="78" pageNumber="285" unit="mm" value="26.0">26 mm</quantity>
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wide (
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<collectionCode id="AD922380523AFFF8FC7BEE4BFC2AFA8E" box="[961,1023,1304,1325]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" name="Museum Victoria" pageId="78" pageNumber="285" type="Museum">NMV</collectionCode>
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<specimenCode id="9B25133E523AFFF8FBB3EE4BFBB6FA8E" box="[1033,1123,1304,1325]" collectionCode="NMV" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" name="Museum Victoria" pageId="78" pageNumber="285" type="Museum">F308338</specimenCode>
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||
, pre-preservation) to ~
|
||
<quantity id="0C7B16A0523AFFF8FAEEEE44FA75FA8E" box="[1364,1440,1303,1325]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" pageId="78" pageNumber="285" unit="mm" value="95.0">95 mm</quantity>
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||
long and
|
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<quantity id="0C7B16A0523AFFF8FC33EE67FC05FAE9" box="[905,976,1332,1354]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="78" pageNumber="285" unit="mm" value="55.0">55 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide (
|
||
<collectionCode id="AD922380523AFFF8FBACEE67FB81FAEA" box="[1046,1108,1332,1353]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" name="Museum Victoria" pageId="78" pageNumber="285" type="Museum">NMV</collectionCode>
|
||
<specimenCode id="9B25133E523AFFF8FBE1EE67FB61FAEA" box="[1115,1204,1332,1353]" collectionCode="NMV" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" name="Museum Victoria" pageId="78" pageNumber="285" type="Museum">F308231</specimenCode>
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||
, pre-preservation). The larger specimen shrank to ~
|
||
<quantity id="0C7B16A0523AFFF8FB85EE02FB53FAC4" box="[1087,1158,1361,1383]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="78" pageNumber="285" unit="mm" value="60.0">60 mm</quantity>
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||
long on preservation. Dense with distinctive cross-like table ossicles with four arched arms and single tall central spire terminating in palm-tree or umbrella-like hood of downward projecting hooks, some apophyses with pointed tip projecting above this. Umbrella-like hooked structures sometimes also present at further intervals along spire or replaced by rings of reduced spines. Arms also have regularly spaced rings of spines. Apophyses and arms otherwise smooth. Ossicle arm width and spire height are variable (fig. 49c–h). Second
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<typeStatus id="143805E7523AFFF8FBC3ED05FB70F9C8" box="[1145,1189,1622,1643]" pageId="78" pageNumber="285">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of ossicle very irregular rods, crosses, and Ys (typically ~90–130
|
||
<emphasis id="F9F76757523AFFF8FB71ED20FB3EF92B" box="[1227,1259,1651,1672]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="285">μm</emphasis>
|
||
long), covered by rings of spines and terminating in thickened spinous ends (fig. 49i, k, l).
|
||
<specimenCount id="DD8570CC523AFFF8FC34EDFFFBF4F961" box="[910,1057,1708,1730]" count="1" pageId="78" pageNumber="285" type="generic">One specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="AD922380523AFFF8FB8AEDFFFBBBF962" box="[1072,1134,1708,1729]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" name="Museum Victoria" pageId="78" pageNumber="285" type="Museum">NMV</collectionCode>
|
||
<specimenCode id="9B25133E523AFFF8FBCCEDFFFB18F962" box="[1142,1229,1708,1729]" collectionCode="NMV" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" name="Museum Victoria" pageId="78" pageNumber="285" type="Museum">F308231</specimenCode>
|
||
) also has perforated plates, a feature not previously reported for this species. Considering the state of the specimens these might be contaminants, but the sample has at least five plates, of variable shape and size (~520–1000
|
||
<emphasis id="F9F76757523AFFF8FBF8EC73FBB7F896" box="[1090,1122,1824,1845]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="285">μm</emphasis>
|
||
wide). Shape, number, and size of perforations were also variable, and there were some weak initial indications of secondary layering (fig. 49j)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="9FFCEBCD523BFFF9FF29EC5DFA8BF8CC" pageId="79" pageNumber="286" startId="79.[147,207,1806,1825]" targetBox="[246,1350,227,1788]" targetPageId="79" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="CB3CBB45523BFFF9FF29EC5DFA8BF8CC" blockId="79.[147,1448,1806,1903]" pageId="79" pageNumber="286">
|
||
Figure 49.
|
||
<emphasis id="F9F76757523BFFF9FF42EC5DFE68F882" box="[248,445,1806,1825]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="286">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0C83C0C6523BFFF9FF42EC5DFE6CF882" authorityName="Hansen" authorityYear="1978" box="[248,441,1806,1825]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synallactidae" genus="Scotothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Synallactida" pageId="79" pageNumber="286" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="herringi">Scotothuria herringi</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
a, b, shipboard images showing live colour and form, a, NMV F308321 (note specimen is purple under the ‘shaggy’ exterior), b, NMV F308338; ossicles: c–h, body wall cross-like table ossicles with hood of hooks, c–e, g, h, NMV F308231, f, NMV F308338; i, k, l, irregular spinous rods, crosses and Ys from body wall, i, l, NMV F308231, k, NMV F308231; j, perforated plate (contaminant?) with arrow pointing to hooked table ossicle for scale, NMV F308231; scale bars: a, b=1 cm, c–f, h, k, l= 100
|
||
<emphasis id="F9F76757523BFFF9FBD0EC0EFB52F8CC" box="[1130,1159,1885,1903]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="286">μm</emphasis>
|
||
, g, i=50
|
||
<emphasis id="F9F76757523BFFF9FB6DEC0EFB21F8CC" box="[1239,1268,1885,1903]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="286">μm</emphasis>
|
||
, j=500
|
||
<emphasis id="F9F76757523BFFF9FA81EC0EFA8DF8CC" box="[1339,1368,1885,1903]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="286">μm</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="CB3CBB455224FFE6FF36EBB6FE7FFE5C" blockId="80.[138,773,229,1204]" pageId="80" pageNumber="287">
|
||
<emphasis id="F9F767575224FFE6FF36EBB6FF39FF59" box="[140,236,229,250]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="287">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
Specimens with few remaining external characters and distinguished almost entirely based on their distinctive ossicle form. While illustrations provided by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AF12C6B45224FFE6FDD7EA4CFCD7FE96" author="Hansen, B." box="[621,770,287,309]" pageId="80" pageNumber="287" refId="ref58951" refString="Hansen, B. 1975. Systematics and biology of the deep-sea holothurians. Part 1. Elasipoda. Galathea Report. https: // web. archive. org / web / 20160808173245 / http: // www. zmuc. dk / inverweb / galathea / Galathea _ p 4. html" type="url" year="1975">Hansen (1975)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and subsequent images provided by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AF12C6B45224FFE6FDFDEA6FFD0DFEF1" author="Bohn, J. M." box="[583,728,316,338]" pageId="80" pageNumber="287" pagination="1 - 31" refId="ref56845" refString="Bohn, J. M. 2006. Crinoidea and Holothuroidea (Echinodermata) of the abyssal Angola Basin - Results of the DIVA- 1 expedition of FS " Meteor " (Cruise M 48 / 1). Zootaxa 1276: 1 - 31. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1276.1.1." type="journal article" year="2006">Bohn (2006)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0C83C0C65224FFE6FF36EA0AFDD2FECD" authority="Theel, 1882" authorityName="Theel" authorityYear="1882" box="[140,519,345,367]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Psychropotidae" genus="Psychropotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Elasipodida" pageId="80" pageNumber="287" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="semperiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="F9F767575224FFE6FF36EA0AFE5AFECD" box="[140,399,345,366]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="287">Psychropotes semperiana</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AF12C6B45224FFE6FE2EEA0AFDD2FECD" author="Theel, H." box="[404,519,345,367]" pageId="80" pageNumber="287" refId="ref63931" refString="Theel, H. 1882. Report on the Holothuroidea dredged by H. M. S. " Challenger " during the years 1873 - 76. Part i. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Zoology Part XIII. http: // 19 thcenturyscience. org / HMSC / HMSC-Reports / Zool- 13 / htm / doc. html" type="url" year="1882">Théel, 1882</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have a similar downward hook-shaped cap to their cross-like ossicles,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0C83C0C65224FFE6FDD6EA25FCD7FE28" authorityName="Theel" authorityYear="1882" box="[620,770,374,395]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Psychropotidae" genus="Psychropotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Elasipodida" pageId="80" pageNumber="287" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="semperiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="F9F767575224FFE6FDD6EA25FCD7FE28" box="[620,770,374,395]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="287">P. semperiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ossicles are much more spinous and robust, and lack the curved arms and additional circles of hooks present in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0C83C0C65224FFE6FD31EAFCFEB8FE42" authority="Hansen, 1978" authorityName="Hansen" authorityYear="1978" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synallactidae" genus="Scotothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Synallactida" pageId="80" pageNumber="287" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="herringi">
|
||
<emphasis id="F9F767575224FFE6FD31EAFCFF0AFE42" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="287">Scotothuria herringi</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AF12C6B45224FFE6FF5EEA9EFEB8FE42" author="Hansen, B." box="[228,365,460,482]" pageId="80" pageNumber="287" pagination="33 - 39" refId="ref59005" refString="Hansen, B. 1978. Scotothuria herringi, a new genus and species of bathypelagic holothurians (Holothurioidea, Aspidochirota, Synallactidae). Steenstrupia 5 (4): 33 - 39." type="journal article" year="1978">Hansen, 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, along with the additional irregular rods, crosses, and Ys noted above.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="CB3CBB455224FFE6FF08E955FF3AFCA0" blockId="80.[138,773,229,1204]" pageId="80" pageNumber="287">
|
||
<specimenCount id="DD8570CC5224FFE6FF08E955FE90FDBF" box="[178,325,518,540]" count="1" pageId="80" pageNumber="287" type="generic">One specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="AD9223805224FFE6FEECE955FE46FDB8" box="[342,403,518,539]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" name="Museum Victoria" pageId="80" pageNumber="287" type="Museum">NMV</collectionCode>
|
||
F308338) was from a station with magnesium nodules, which may have led to its slightly darker colour, but both specimens were dark violet to black. Specimens were similar in size to the range given for the
|
||
<typeStatus id="143805E75224FFE6FD1BE90EFD02FDD1" box="[673,727,605,626]" pageId="80" pageNumber="287">types</typeStatus>
|
||
for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0C83C0C65224FFE6FF36E929FE2EFD2C" authority="Hansen, 1978" authorityName="Hansen" authorityYear="1978" box="[140,507,634,655]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synallactidae" genus="Scotothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Synallactida" pageId="80" pageNumber="287" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="herringi">
|
||
<emphasis id="F9F767575224FFE6FF36E929FEB5FD2C" box="[140,352,634,655]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="287">Scotothuria herringi</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AF12C6B45224FFE6FED6E929FE2EFD2C" author="Hansen, B." box="[364,507,634,655]" pageId="80" pageNumber="287" pagination="33 - 39" refId="ref59005" refString="Hansen, B. 1978. Scotothuria herringi, a new genus and species of bathypelagic holothurians (Holothurioidea, Aspidochirota, Synallactidae). Steenstrupia 5 (4): 33 - 39." type="journal article" year="1978">Hansen, 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which were
|
||
<quantity id="0C7B16A05224FFE6FD2AE92AFCD6FD2C" box="[656,771,633,655]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="8.5" metricValueMin="5.5" pageId="80" pageNumber="287" unit="mm" value="70.0" valueMax="85.0" valueMin="55.0">55–85 mm</quantity>
|
||
long pre-preservation, shrinking to
|
||
<quantity id="0C7B16A05224FFE6FE42E9C4FDBCFD0F" box="[504,617,663,684]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.4" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="4.8" pageId="80" pageNumber="287" unit="mm" value="64.0" valueMax="80.0" valueMin="48.0">48–80 mm</quantity>
|
||
after (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AF12C6B45224FFE6FD0AE9C4FF6AFD6B" author="Hansen, B." pageId="80" pageNumber="287" pagination="33 - 39" refId="ref59005" refString="Hansen, B. 1978. Scotothuria herringi, a new genus and species of bathypelagic holothurians (Holothurioidea, Aspidochirota, Synallactidae). Steenstrupia 5 (4): 33 - 39." type="journal article" year="1978">Hansen, 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). A larger specimen from a subsequent collection was
|
||
<quantity id="0C7B16A05224FFE6FF36E983FF35FD45" box="[140,224,720,742]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="80" pageNumber="287" unit="mm" value="150.0">150 mm</quantity>
|
||
pre-preservation, shrinking to
|
||
<quantity id="0C7B16A05224FFE6FD9AE983FDBCFD45" box="[544,617,720,742]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="80" pageNumber="287" unit="mm" value="70.0">70 mm</quantity>
|
||
after (Billet et al., 1985).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="CB3CBB455224FFE6FF0BE856FE04FB17" blockId="80.[138,773,229,1204]" pageId="80" pageNumber="287">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AF12C6B45224FFE6FF0BE856FEA5FCBC" author="SolIs-MarIn, F. A." box="[177,368,773,800]" pageId="80" pageNumber="287" refId="ref63382" refString="SolIs-MarIn, F. A. 2003. Systematics and biology of the holothurian family Synallactidae. PhD thesis, University of Southampton: Southhampton." type="book" year="2003">SolÍs-MarÍn (2003)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
suggested that similarities with ossicles from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0C83C0C65224FFE6FF7CE874FD9EFC9E" authority="(Theel, 1886 a)" baseAuthorityName="Theel" baseAuthorityYear="1886" box="[198,587,807,829]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synallactidae" genus="Galatheathuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Synallactida" pageId="80" pageNumber="287" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="aspera">
|
||
<emphasis id="F9F767575224FFE6FF7CE874FE7BFC9E" box="[198,430,807,829]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="287">Galatheathuria aspera</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AF12C6B45224FFE6FE05E874FD91FC9E" author="Theel, H." box="[447,580,807,829]" pageId="80" pageNumber="287" refId="ref64009" refString="Theel, H. 1886 a. Report on the Holothurioidea collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the Years 1873 - 76. Part II. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76. Zoology Part XIII. http: // 19 thcenturyscience. org / HMSC / HMSC-Reports / Zool- 39 / htm / doc. html" type="url" year="1886">Théel, 1886a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
might indicate
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0C83C0C65224FFE6FD4AE874FF08FCFA" authorityName="Hansen" authorityYear="1978" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synallactidae" genus="Scotothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Synallactida" pageId="80" pageNumber="287" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="herringi">
|
||
<emphasis id="F9F767575224FFE6FD4AE874FF08FCFA" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="287">S. herringi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a juvenile of that species, but more taxonomic work is required. Billet et al. (1985) and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AF12C6B45224FFE6FE75E832FD05FCD5" author="Miller, J. E. & Pawson, D. L." box="[463,720,865,887]" pageId="80" pageNumber="287" pagination="1 - 18" refId="ref60669" refString="Miller, J. E., and Pawson, D. L. 1990. Swimming sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea): a survey, with analysis of swimming behavior in four bathyal species. Smithsonian Contributions to the Marine Sciences (35): 1 - 18. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 01960768.35.1." type="journal article" year="1990">Miller and Pawson (1990)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
note that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0C83C0C65224FFE6FF0DE82DFDD8FC30" authority="Hansen, 1978" authorityName="Hansen" authorityYear="1978" box="[183,525,894,915]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synallactidae" genus="Scotothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Synallactida" pageId="80" pageNumber="287" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="herringi">
|
||
<emphasis id="F9F767575224FFE6FF0DE82DFE57FC30" box="[183,386,894,915]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="287">Scotothuria herringi</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AF12C6B45224FFE6FE32E82DFDD8FC30" author="Hansen, B." box="[392,525,894,915]" pageId="80" pageNumber="287" pagination="33 - 39" refId="ref59005" refString="Hansen, B. 1978. Scotothuria herringi, a new genus and species of bathypelagic holothurians (Holothurioidea, Aspidochirota, Synallactidae). Steenstrupia 5 (4): 33 - 39." type="journal article" year="1978">Hansen, 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a possible synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0C83C0C65224FFE6FF31E8C9FD44FC13" authority="(Koehler and Vaney, 1905)" baseAuthorityName="Koehler and Vaney" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[139,657,922,944]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synallactidae" genus="Dendrothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Synallactida" pageId="80" pageNumber="287" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="similis">
|
||
<emphasis id="F9F767575224FFE6FF31E8C9FEB6FC0C" box="[139,355,922,943]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="287">Dendrothuria similis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AF12C6B45224FFE6FEC2E8C9FD5EFC13" author="Koehler, R. & Vaney, C." box="[376,651,922,944]" pageId="80" pageNumber="287" refId="ref59797" refString="Koehler, R., and Vaney, C. 1905. An account of the deep-sea Holothurioidea collected by the Royal Indian Marine Survey Ship Investigator. [Holothuries recueillies par l'Investigator dans l'Ocean Indien. I. Les Holothuries de mer profonde.]. In: Alcock, A. (ed.), Echinoderma of the Indian Museum. Holothurioidea. Indian Museum: Calcutta. https: // www. marinespecies. org / aphia. php? p = sourcedetails & id = 168119" type="url" year="1905">Koehler and Vaney, 1905</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but more material from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="143805E75224FFE6FEFFE8EBFEA4FC6E" box="[325,369,952,973]" pageId="80" pageNumber="287">type</typeStatus>
|
||
localities would be required before any decision on synonymy. Because the distinct “umbrella-hook” apophyses were not described in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0C83C0C65224FFE6FE62E8A1FDE0FBA5" baseAuthorityName="Koehler and Vaney" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[472,565,1009,1031]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synallactidae" genus="Dendrothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Synallactida" pageId="80" pageNumber="287" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="similis">
|
||
<emphasis id="F9F767575224FFE6FE62E8A1FDE0FBA5" box="[472,565,1009,1031]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="287">D. similis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, we have placed our specimens in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0C83C0C65224FFE6FEA2EF5DFEABFB80" authorityName="Hansen" authorityYear="1978" box="[280,382,1038,1059]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synallactidae" genus="Scotothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Synallactida" pageId="80" pageNumber="287" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="herring">
|
||
<emphasis id="F9F767575224FFE6FEA2EF5DFEABFB80" box="[280,382,1038,1059]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="287">S. herring</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
for now, with ossicles being a perfect match for the
|
||
<typeStatus id="143805E75224FFE6FEACEF78FE97FBE3" box="[278,322,1067,1088]" pageId="80" pageNumber="287">type</typeStatus>
|
||
material and subsequent work by Billet et al. (1985). While no comparative genetic sequences for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0C83C0C65224FFE6FD34EF1BFCD6FBFE" authorityName="Hansen" authorityYear="1978" box="[654,771,1096,1117]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synallactidae" genus="Scotothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Synallactida" pageId="80" pageNumber="287" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F9F767575224FFE6FD34EF1BFCD6FBFE" box="[654,771,1096,1117]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="287">Scotothuria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were available, the sequences for both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0C83C0C65224FFE6FDB7EF36FD57FBD9" authorityName="Hansen" authorityYear="1978" box="[525,642,1125,1146]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synallactidae" genus="Scotothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Synallactida" pageId="80" pageNumber="287" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F9F767575224FFE6FDB7EF36FD57FBD9" box="[525,642,1125,1146]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="287">Scotothuria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
examined in this study comprise a well-supported monophyly and form a clade with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0C83C0C65224FFE6FF4CEFCDFEADFB10" box="[246,376,1182,1203]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Synallactidae" genus="Paelopatides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Synallactida" pageId="80" pageNumber="287" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F9F767575224FFE6FF4CEFCDFEADFB10" box="[246,376,1182,1203]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="287">Paelopatides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(fig. S5).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="9FFCEBCD5224FFE6FC93EFF8FAD4FB62" box="[809,1281,1195,1217]" pageId="80" pageNumber="287" startId="80.[809,875,1195,1217]" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="CB3CBB455224FFE6FC93EFF8FAD4FB62" blockId="80.[809,1281,1195,1217]" box="[809,1281,1195,1217]" pageId="80" pageNumber="287">Figure 50a–j, Appendix 1, Table S1, Figure S5.</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="CB3CBB455224FFE6FF36EF99FD50FB43" blockId="80.[140,645,1226,1248]" box="[140,645,1226,1248]" pageId="80" pageNumber="287">
|
||
<emphasis id="F9F767575224FFE6FF36EF99FEC4FB7C" box="[140,273,1226,1247]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="287">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Eastern Atlantic and Indian Oceans.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="CB3CBB455224FFE6FF36EFA5FD08FAAF" blockId="80.[140,733,1270,1292]" box="[140,733,1270,1292]" pageId="80" pageNumber="287">
|
||
<emphasis id="F9F767575224FFE6FF36EFA5FEA8FAAF" box="[140,381,1270,1292]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="287">Full bathymetric range.</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity id="0C7B16A05224FFE6FE39EFA5FDDEFAAF" box="[387,523,1270,1292]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.332" metricValueMax="5.414" metricValueMin="1.25" pageId="80" pageNumber="287" unit="m" value="3332.0" valueMax="5414.0" valueMin="1250.0">1250–5414 m</quantity>
|
||
(IOT
|
||
<quantity id="0C7B16A05224FFE6FDF0EFA5FD07FAAF" box="[586,722,1270,1292]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6439999999999997" metricValueMax="5.414" metricValueMin="1.874" pageId="80" pageNumber="287" unit="m" value="3644.0" valueMax="5414.0" valueMin="1874.0">1874–5414 m</quantity>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="CB3CBB455224FFE6FF36EE70FDCCFAF7" blockId="80.[139,771,1314,1365]" pageId="80" pageNumber="287">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="7BEBB1185224FFE6FF36EE70FEFAFAF6" country="Ireland" elevation="1375" location="North Atlantic Ocean" pageId="80" pageNumber="287" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="F9F767575224FFE6FF36EE70FEC1FA94" box="[140,276,1314,1336]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="287">
|
||
<typeStatus id="143805E75224FFE6FF36EE70FF6EFA9B" box="[140,187,1315,1336]" pageId="80" pageNumber="287">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<location id="CE5CED9E5224FFE6FEA3EE71FE27FA9B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:432A0A53523AFFE6FC93E9B3FD7BF930:CE5CED9E5224FFE6FEA3EE71FE27FA9B" box="[281,498,1314,1336]" country="Ireland" name="North Atlantic Ocean" pageId="80" pageNumber="287">North Atlantic Ocean</location>
|
||
(west of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B394FBD55224FFE6FDF6EE71FD43FA9B" box="[588,662,1314,1336]" name="Ireland" pageId="80" pageNumber="287">Ireland</collectingCountry>
|
||
), collected at
|
||
<quantity id="0C7B16A05224FFE6FF1EEE6CFEFAFAF6" box="[164,303,1343,1365]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.375" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.25" pageId="80" pageNumber="287" unit="m" value="1375.0" valueMax="1500.0" valueMin="1250.0">
|
||
<elevation id="40AE5C765224FFE6FF1EEE6CFEFAFAF6" box="[164,303,1343,1365]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.375" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.25" pageId="80" pageNumber="287" unit="m" value="1375.0" valueMax="1500.0" valueMin="1250.0">1250–1500 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="7BEBB1185224FFE6FE8FEE6CFDC1FAF7" box="[309,532,1343,1365]" country="Ireland" elevation="5161" isTailEnumeration="true" location="North Atlantic Ocean" pageId="80" pageNumber="287" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
(station depth
|
||
<quantity id="0C7B16A05224FFE6FE7EEE6CFDDBFAF7" box="[452,526,1343,1365]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.161" pageId="80" pageNumber="287" unit="m" value="5161.0">
|
||
<elevation id="40AE5C765224FFE6FE7EEE6CFDDBFAF7" box="[452,526,1343,1365]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.161" pageId="80" pageNumber="287" unit="m" value="5161.0">5161 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="CB3CBB455224FFE6FF36EE38FEB1FA3E" blockId="80.[139,771,1387,1583]" pageId="80" pageNumber="287">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="7BEBB1185224FFE6FF36EE38FEB5FA3E" collectingDate="2024-01" collectionCode="AFD" country="Australia" location="This" pageId="80" pageNumber="287" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<location id="CE5CED9E5224FFE6FF36EE38FF6FFA22" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:432A0A53523AFFE6FC93E9B3FD7BF930:CE5CED9E5224FFE6FF36EE38FF6FFA22" box="[140,186,1387,1409]" country="Australia" name="This" pageId="80" pageNumber="287">This</location>
|
||
species not previously recorded from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B394FBD55224FFE6FD82EE38FD40FA22" box="[568,661,1387,1409]" name="Australia" pageId="80" pageNumber="287">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectionCode id="AD9223805224FFE6FD0EEE38FD3DFA23" box="[692,744,1387,1408]" pageId="80" pageNumber="287">AFD</collectionCode>
|
||
or ALA (
|
||
<date id="BF3D9D855224FFE6FF77EEDBFE8CFA3E" box="[205,345,1416,1437]" pageId="80" pageNumber="287" value="2024-01">
|
||
<collectingDate id="AF79646D5224FFE6FF77EEDBFE8CFA3E" box="[205,345,1416,1437]" pageId="80" pageNumber="287" value="2024-01">January 2024</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="CB3CBB455224FFE6FF08EEF6FE22F98D" blockId="80.[139,771,1387,1583]" pageId="80" pageNumber="287">
|
||
This IOT material represents a geographic and bathymetric range extension for the genus and species, previously with multiple records from the East Atlantic but only a single record from the Indian Ocean off
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B394FBD55224FFE6FD19EEAFFD31F9B2" box="[675,740,1532,1553]" name="Kenya" pageId="80" pageNumber="287">Kenya</collectingCountry>
|
||
at
|
||
<quantity id="0C7B16A05224FFE6FF36ED4BFECFF98D" box="[140,282,1560,1582]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1149999999999998" metricValueMax="4.9799999999999995" metricValueMin="1.25" pageId="80" pageNumber="287" unit="m" value="3115.0" valueMax="4980.0" valueMin="1250.0">1250–4980 m</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AF12C6B45224FFE6FE9DED4AFE39F98D" author="Gebruk, A. V. & Smirnov, A. V. & Rogacheva, A. V." box="[295,492,1561,1583]" pageId="80" pageNumber="287" pagination="156 - 180" refId="ref58352" refString="Gebruk, A. V., Smirnov, A. V., and Rogacheva, A. V. 2014. Deep-sea fauna of European seas: an annotated species check-list of benthic invertebrates living deeper than 2000 m in the seas bordering Europe. Holothuroidea. Invertebrate Zoology 11 (1): 156 - 180. https: // doi. org / 10.15298 / invertzool. 11.1.15." type="journal article" year="2014">Gebruk et al., 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="CB3CBB455224FFE6FF36ED16FD7BF930" blockId="80.[139,771,1604,1684]" pageId="80" pageNumber="287">
|
||
<emphasis id="F9F767575224FFE6FF36ED16FED4F9F9" box="[140,257,1605,1626]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="287">References.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectionCode id="AD9223805224FFE6FEBFED16FEECF9F9" box="[261,313,1605,1626]" pageId="80" pageNumber="287">AFD</collectionCode>
|
||
(2024), ALA (2024), Billet et al. (1985),
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AF12C6B45224FFE6FD76ED16FF1AF9D4" author="Bohn, J. M." pageId="80" pageNumber="287" pagination="1 - 31" refId="ref56845" refString="Bohn, J. M. 2006. Crinoidea and Holothuroidea (Echinodermata) of the abyssal Angola Basin - Results of the DIVA- 1 expedition of FS " Meteor " (Cruise M 48 / 1). Zootaxa 1276: 1 - 31. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1276.1.1." type="journal article" year="2006">Bohn (2006)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AF12C6B45224FFE6FF62ED32FE4AF9D4" author="Gebruk, A. V. & Smirnov, A. V. & Rogacheva, A. V." box="[216,415,1633,1655]" pageId="80" pageNumber="287" pagination="156 - 180" refId="ref58352" refString="Gebruk, A. V., Smirnov, A. V., and Rogacheva, A. V. 2014. Deep-sea fauna of European seas: an annotated species check-list of benthic invertebrates living deeper than 2000 m in the seas bordering Europe. Holothuroidea. Invertebrate Zoology 11 (1): 156 - 180. https: // doi. org / 10.15298 / invertzool. 11.1.15." type="journal article" year="2014">Gebruk et al. (2014)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AF12C6B45224FFE6FE12ED31FDECF9D4" author="Hansen, B." box="[424,569,1634,1655]" pageId="80" pageNumber="287" pagination="33 - 39" refId="ref59005" refString="Hansen, B. 1978. Scotothuria herringi, a new genus and species of bathypelagic holothurians (Holothurioidea, Aspidochirota, Synallactidae). Steenstrupia 5 (4): 33 - 39." type="journal article" year="1978">Hansen (1978)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AF12C6B45224FFE6FDF8ED32FF19F937" author="Koehler, R. & Vaney, C." pageId="80" pageNumber="287" refId="ref59797" refString="Koehler, R., and Vaney, C. 1905. An account of the deep-sea Holothurioidea collected by the Royal Indian Marine Survey Ship Investigator. [Holothuries recueillies par l'Investigator dans l'Ocean Indien. I. Les Holothuries de mer profonde.]. In: Alcock, A. (ed.), Echinoderma of the Indian Museum. Holothurioidea. Indian Museum: Calcutta. https: // www. marinespecies. org / aphia. php? p = sourcedetails & id = 168119" type="url" year="1905">Koehler and Vaney (1905)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AF12C6B45224FFE6FF6DED2DFE09F930" author="Miller, J. E. & Pawson, D. L." box="[215,476,1662,1684]" pageId="80" pageNumber="287" pagination="1 - 18" refId="ref60669" refString="Miller, J. E., and Pawson, D. L. 1990. Swimming sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea): a survey, with analysis of swimming behavior in four bathyal species. Smithsonian Contributions to the Marine Sciences (35): 1 - 18. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 01960768.35.1." type="journal article" year="1990">Miller and Pawson (1990)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AF12C6B45224FFE6FE5DED2AFD7FF930" author="SolIs-MarIn, F. A." box="[487,682,1657,1684]" pageId="80" pageNumber="287" refId="ref63382" refString="SolIs-MarIn, F. A. 2003. Systematics and biology of the holothurian family Synallactidae. PhD thesis, University of Southampton: Southhampton." type="book" year="2003">SolÍs-MarÍn (2003)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |