469 lines
47 KiB
XML
469 lines
47 KiB
XML
<document id="63D5771F906531CF6C9A5F7614E57C2A" ID-DOI="10.3897/phytokeys.247.126950" ID-publisher-id="126950" URI-arpha="AD8527D1-9154-5F04-A069-8D4E6A328637" XM.bibliography_approvedBy="admin" XM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="admin" article-type="research-article" checkinTime="1728398139960" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Barbosa-Silva, Rafael G., Torke, Benjamin M. & Viana, Pedro L." docDate="2024" docId="BD5DADEC043D5C2F8C7C108727EF62C3" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 247: 55-65" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 247" docSource="https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/126950/download/xml/" docStyle="DocumentStyle:PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.phytokeys" docStyleName="PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.phytokeys" docTitle="Bonnetia ayangannensis Barb. Silva 2024, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" dtd-version="3.0" lastPageNumber="65" masterDocId="AD8527D191545F04A0698D4E6A328637" masterDocTitle="A new species of Bonnetia Mart. (Bonnetiaceae) from the Pantepui of South America" masterLastPageNumber="65" masterPageNumber="55" pageNumber="55" updateTime="1728399345566" updateUser="admin">
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<mods:mods id="8193A774727762A4FF2C93D0B1295FC0" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="B3B50D267FED8041EF1088781744B593">
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<mods:title id="3B7E5534EAEC723FE06F19C3826ED47D">A new species of Bonnetia Mart. (Bonnetiaceae) from the Pantepui of South America</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="1CA760D5C8537430EF80C47042256CC9" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="CB860E5494B4E05F85A9B00D20331AB0">
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<mods:roleTerm id="C5D335F24B53C0288E1DD822B36D61BC">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="A78368A31EA9214DD3DF87BCF3BE3F30">Barbosa-Silva, Rafael G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="1FC203FA9E10D726090E7434A45A5CE0" type="ORCID">0000-0002-0668-4840</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="04129BB4189A9DB835D6C54E311CF130">Coordenação de Botânica, Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, Belém, Pará, 66077 - 830, Brazil & Center for Biodiversity & Evolution, New York Botanical Garden, 2900 Southern Boulevard, Bronx, NY, 10458 - 5126, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="A2038E9D59368BEF137341FF6C6F8415" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="5A15D9C96C98618F2612AA89334F2449">
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<mods:roleTerm id="80BAE25BFDA584A83E9401AD5D2B1318">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="7C88FB55F93B718B6B6E282785C9907A">Torke, Benjamin M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="1B09E22A96A0F79A462FB6B42F783C56" type="ORCID">0000-0001-8823-3519</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="1FC54A0C95F8DC6FF9657456741C7521">Center for Biodiversity & Evolution, New York Botanical Garden, 2900 Southern Boulevard, Bronx, NY, 10458 - 5126, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="2369D333827D662D50EE1F9CFBEE3743" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="F32D788E0A6EDCFFA4F2830F38FE43E4">
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<mods:roleTerm id="C2DE93A60AD94B1675FEF623F6CDC118">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="AE2A13A0C1C3A1A71F1D7D3D25861889">Viana, Pedro L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="3813699FB555F0BA18CAB4AE68BF950D" type="ORCID">0000-0001-5044-0758</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="B1A3F9FF42FF8ED4E62893BC59B122D0">Coordenação de Botânica, Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, Belém, Pará, 66077 - 830, Brazil & Instituto Nacional da Mata Atlântica, Santa Teresa, Espírito Santo, 29650 - 000, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="B356972175D1E4C2EBDDDE0E9D61A103">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem id="1EC6A7C2B768110C1E65CB25E72A672F" type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo id="708320202B2FBDE8ABE3049DC08DFBA2">
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<mods:title id="8444625107E753A983A49D7977587B93">PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="4FC16FA70F9928F6E3D80DABE368E0F2">
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<mods:date id="82E591F35A74715AE4548E96CDAD2509">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="6E35C90C054771F34B4A6E44A2323A5A" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="0A89D5ECF87BF347D7401085BF3DFB61">2024-10-08</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="7F8BB23BE8D2FE8F8FD25E4123E27723" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="1084A032E74EB3FB9CEE549A789277C1">247</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent id="E970C41251FF6EBD9AA33EBA6C7DBA62" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="E06965B2BB9B7AED5DA8E6692AD01333">55</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="E1E18DD26C1D587CA343B0C03B35A35D">65</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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<mods:classification id="682FB03270E0E5D335252D91790D5A1C">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="116E78ABCED7D3DFA0681970ED4C3564" type="DOI">10.3897/phytokeys.247.126950</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="BD5DADEC043D5C2F8C7C108727EF62C3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13904252" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13904252" ID-arpha="BD5DADEC-043D-5C2F-8C7C-108727EF62C3" ID-ipni="urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77349807-1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BD5DADEC043D5C2F8C7C108727EF62C3" LSID-IPNI="urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77349807-1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/BD5DADEC043D5C2F8C7C108727EF62C3">
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||
<subSubSection id="5957DA6E566C9A0C65131DB9DF58E4B8" type="nomenclature">
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||
<paragraph id="9247BFC448D14063B980FE289BD5D31B">
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<taxonomicName id="DFD661F4DA3F650ABE4D9E79E5469B86" authority="Barb. Silva" authorityName="Barb. Silva" authorityYear="2024" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bonnetiaceae" genus="Bonnetia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ayangannensis" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="AED1289DED1064075B05C22D409FA778" italics="true">Bonnetia ayangannensis</emphasis>
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Barb. Silva
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="1D3CFD6C355247957CF403719D1ACB9D" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="SECID0EQGAC" type="material">
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||
<paragraph id="ED19EFEB69F474B20BF287D1A543EEF8">
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<heading id="457C54F68C67996368C7DE695F68F02E" reason="title">Type.</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="232B6D5B68E5AC222A316AABAC1A241B">
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<materialsCitation id="84449095B6A9880C6D573CBA0B96F249" collectingDate="2014-03-20" collectionCode="A" collectorName="A. Radosavljevic" country="Guyana" elevation="1955" latitude="5.3883333" location="East slope, summit plateau" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-59.981667" municipality="Mt Ayanganna" specimenCode="NY 04078880, US 03457967" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Potaro-Siparuni" typeStatus="holotype">
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<collectingCountry id="D6BDD3EBF24186383D186057FD6B3161" name="Guyana">Guyana</collectingCountry>
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•
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<collectingRegion id="4B0D1CE5DFF6189A55D1889DA96EE179" country="Guyana" name="Potaro-Siparuni">Potaro-Siparuni</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingMunicipality id="0CB2E700D3948168FA85B6E0F58BE794">Mt Ayanganna</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<location id="08E2003D182C29BBC1F372330BC07361" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BD5DADEC043D5C2F8C7C108727EF62C3:08E2003D182C29BBC1F372330BC07361" country="Guyana" latitude="5.3883333" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-59.981667" municipality="Mt Ayanganna" name="East slope, summit plateau" stateProvince="Potaro-Siparuni">East slope, summit plateau</location>
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;
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<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0EZGAC" specific-use="{"type":"Point","coordinates":[-59.981667,5.388333]}">
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<geoCoordinate id="6569BC028EF1D91F7A2332C1631170C9" degrees="5" direction="north" minutes="23" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="18" value="5.3883333">5 ° 23 ′ 18 " N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="2454397B09253E9B738E9F5C74E23AF5" degrees="59" direction="west" minutes="58" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="54" value="-59.981667">59 ° 58 ′ 54 " W</geoCoordinate>
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</named-content>
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||
;
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<quantity id="9D95FA181AC8353B85ABC3E7E9626E1A" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.955" unit="m" value="1955.0">
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<elevation id="77F26A90F903B18F902CDBD611B1E44F" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.955" unit="m" value="1955.0">1955 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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; fl.;
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<date id="D2BB5DBD7667B3E63BDE7884C677C105" value="2014-03-20">
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<collectingDate id="5974C9D804411731AC52254D9F00233D" value="2014-03-20">20 Mar 2014</collectingDate>
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</date>
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;
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<emphasis id="47D09545AB54003EAD328617363EBA7F" italics="true">
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<collectorName id="02CA7B777BFB4641A2F874ED5468DBE7">A. Radosavljevic</collectorName>
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et al. 247
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</emphasis>
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(
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<typeStatus id="DC83519B43E792E893FFA0E649AF468A" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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:
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<specimenCode id="22476432A88BA0893DF6BCE7D1AF7F5A" collectionCode="NY" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15556" name="William and Lynda Steere Herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden" type="Herbarium">NY 04078880</specimenCode>
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,
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<typeStatus id="FBC8DD0677BE59252117AE5C1927AB5C" type="isotype">isotype</typeStatus>
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<specimenCode id="CFEF747421836347485AD71A8571D7C8">US 03457967</specimenCode>
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) (Figs
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<figureCitation id="9EAB07D92A066D2D2BED5AB0350BCC6A" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Bonnetia ayangannensis A fertile branch, with details of the apex of a persistent inflorescence (at left) and the leaf abaxial surface and crenulate margin (at right) B immature inflorescence apex, showing bracts C flower bud D dimorphic sepals with glands, the detail showing the distal sepal margin E flower F stamens G closed capsule H transverse cut of the capsule I longitudinal cut of the capsule J seed (illustrated by: Bobbi Angell, from Radosavljevic et al. 247 and Clarke et al. 9524)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.247.126950.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1150030">1</figureCitation>
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–
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<figureCitation id="990B0CE457A6E3E5BA8141D8F8B7D96C" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. A The map shows a topographic representation where warm colors indicate higher elevations, illustrating the geographical distribution of Bonnetia ayangannensis B, C view of Mount Ayanganna (photo by Adrian Warren / sasyimages. com)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.247.126950.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1150033">4</figureCitation>
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||
)
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="C17B049D023933C7AB02B921DD00DBFA" ID-DOI="10.3897/phytokeys.247.126950.figure1" ID-arpha="0E02FEB8-BD36-5E37-8949-6F88DBCF2E48" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1150030" startId="F1">
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||
<paragraph id="A60EE24F369B4E4208A2ABA4812C67B1">
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<label id="17EACC9108F23A4FC406DE2ECBE6BA59">Figure 1.</label>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="942C65CA48C56CE4C7A55F87A5F1899D">
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<taxonomicName id="73AD437F0EB7369A91FAF64CF67E4FC1" authorityName="Barb. Silva" authorityYear="2024" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bonnetiaceae" genus="Bonnetia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ayangannensis">
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<emphasis id="9C05B93C814DDC7EF325FE4D3BD722A1" italics="true">Bonnetia ayangannensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="F8027D7EBFAD5920B0208140960B2166" bold="true">A</emphasis>
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fertile branch, with details of the apex of a persistent inflorescence (at left) and the leaf abaxial surface and crenulate margin (at right)
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<emphasis id="CECCFE39A488B72FDC3FFD1E80CBCDD4" bold="true">B</emphasis>
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immature inflorescence apex, showing bracts
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<emphasis id="F887AC3159FDFDA233EDDCD4CE295922" bold="true">C</emphasis>
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flower bud
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<emphasis id="A89CE50303A6C67CDDD5F6AF31831351" bold="true">D</emphasis>
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dimorphic sepals with glands, the detail showing the distal sepal margin
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<emphasis id="DE09BEEAC1D90D8D542BAA91FA20898F" bold="true">E</emphasis>
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flower
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<emphasis id="2DB7E11359B1C6BAAF594840679883E0" bold="true">F</emphasis>
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stamens
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<emphasis id="B4F3E005E9456C8B7A5BB7CEF54E2B0D" bold="true">G</emphasis>
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closed capsule
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<emphasis id="15FF9C4035226B30963B2FDA34414003" bold="true">H</emphasis>
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transverse cut of the capsule
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<emphasis id="0293B84AE5B5EC799EABC01DDF80AA4F" bold="true">I</emphasis>
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longitudinal cut of the capsule
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<emphasis id="0B4953DC8140DE61F7E1D1C5FAC286C2" bold="true">J</emphasis>
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seed (illustrated by: Bobbi Angell, from Radosavljevic et al. 247 and Clarke et al. 9524).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="6AFD3A9ECE3EE5804C3BAA53EDD43A41" ID-DOI="10.3897/phytokeys.247.126950.figure2" ID-arpha="636C7E46-428C-59B4-9520-1F251ED63798" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1150031" startId="F2">
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<paragraph id="0CB5626F92864F06FDD039E75D9BA738">
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<label id="3DCD370AD572B1D76554C663CEABFC52">Figure 2.</label>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="93CC3176EEF20D2F2BC8E8FF21722CFD">
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<abbrev id="ABBRID0E3IAC" xlink_title="Scanning Electron Microscopy">SEM</abbrev>
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images of the
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<taxonomicName id="142C0F67230BE3A976AC6C892FDE0257" authorityName="Barb. Silva" authorityYear="2024" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bonnetiaceae" genus="Bonnetia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ayangannensis">
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<emphasis id="92E034F392A3CE779DB18928BB5B5069" italics="true">Bonnetia ayangannensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="F63859EC3883EFE519176B83904FD68F" bold="true">A</emphasis>
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abaxial surface of the leaf showing the crenate margin, sometimes with deciduous spinulose projections (purple)
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<emphasis id="811D41D2DFAA0E39B405E48DB1980037" bold="true">B</emphasis>
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abaxial leaf surface with sessile glands (orange) and stomatal complexes (purple) at different levels
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<emphasis id="3D039161F5029AC392C632BAE496DA4A" bold="true">C</emphasis>
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stomate immersed in a granular epidermis
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<emphasis id="AB4B3BC1369E289EEC75681BBFB87724" bold="true">D</emphasis>
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bract
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<emphasis id="74976A5CAA0F3767F087A412151A9234" bold="true">E</emphasis>
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bract margin with short-stalked glands
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<emphasis id="CA6FD51B3EFC13B0F0702D090428B994" bold="true">F</emphasis>
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sepals with sessile glands on the external surface
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<emphasis id="D02B7F9223D044B85CF71A94291D6348" bold="true">G</emphasis>
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sepal margin with projections or short-stalked glands
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<emphasis id="A5B10AA6BFC17BBC12F3D4010BAF3D63" bold="true">H</emphasis>
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seed (from Radosavljevic et al. 247 and Clarke et al. 9524).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="25924EC87F3DF7701CD0AB9A2EBC9584" ID-DOI="10.3897/phytokeys.247.126950.figure3" ID-arpha="77D90925-E0A9-5FBA-A4E5-00D2AC67E623" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1150032" startId="F3">
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<paragraph id="5B2C2467A18A8DD499C8BDB972987FDA">
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<label id="16DCBF8354D16A48C995DCCE74B0CEC5">Figure 3.</label>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A573A5EA198B00BDA5981676CE370EC0">
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Leaf venation of
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<taxonomicName id="680DCF7439C4B7BFB381D358B53DAFB1" authorityName="Barb. Silva" authorityYear="2024" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bonnetiaceae" genus="Bonnetia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ayangannensis">
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<emphasis id="B36D027B472B8B1B9042D4C1FFFA8146" italics="true">Bonnetia ayangannensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(from Radosavljevic et al. 247).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="A5AAA859841E64275779EDDA6B04C3EC" ID-DOI="10.3897/phytokeys.247.126950.figure4" ID-arpha="E971F014-A693-53EB-9726-FD3C3B2754EC" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1150033" startId="F4">
|
||
<paragraph id="859B347C7F5B4ADFD1C5AE195DF5BA43">
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<label id="883C7FC3750C973BD52D61471E84F0CA">Figure 4.</label>
|
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="71A76CE80DB9A9D2B6701C0F467601C1">
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<emphasis id="20B79492CB322B6D20B6D6399D40F264" bold="true">A</emphasis>
|
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The map shows a topographic representation where warm colors indicate higher elevations, illustrating the geographical distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A1E03277866FECD40FD252129C19BC62" authorityName="Barb. Silva" authorityYear="2024" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bonnetiaceae" genus="Bonnetia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ayangannensis">
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<emphasis id="145EC5146EAC41F64EF882DDD330C48F" italics="true">Bonnetia ayangannensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="EE52B33A8DB6622671AD16498EF66E2F" bold="true">B, C</emphasis>
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view of Mount Ayanganna (photo by Adrian Warren /
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<ext-link id="2ABEE3833A7755A9669BA7166CD58BD8" ext-link-type="uri" xlink_href="http://sasyimages.com" xlink_type="simple">sasyimages. com</ext-link>
|
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).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
|
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<subSubSection id="SECID0EZLAC" type="description">
|
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<paragraph id="4B6E73FCB58317AF57A5EFC0366D88AD">
|
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<heading id="274AE3A432C4553D32EF7508A9D7AE85" reason="title">Description.</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F570D9AFA00EFF41FAA4F249DF116A0A">
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Shrub or small tree up to
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<quantity id="AFB32B65DD669B4D2473AEE00BD4109A" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" unit="m" value="1.5">1.5 m</quantity>
|
||
tall. Branchlets often with remnants of inflorescences below the congested leaves. Leaves alternate, sessile or with a petiole c.
|
||
<quantity id="8E95C0CA5DE3804856BED2F4DD03FA04" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, leaf blade (1 –) 1.5–4 × (0.5 –)
|
||
<quantity id="9E5241358AD02005060D270AB696DDD4" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.0" unit="cm" value="1.4" valueMax="1.8" valueMin="1.0">1–1.8 cm</quantity>
|
||
, coriaceous, obtrullate, rarely rhombic or narrowly rhombic, base cuneate, apex slightly rounded to acuminate, margins crenulate, abaxial surface glabrous, with sparse black glands when dried, secondary veins scarcely visible, adaxial surface glabrous, rarely with black glands; venation pinnate with no naked basal veins, one basal vein, and no agrophic veins (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="E4B94D4E3CBF2B896516EC2CD83256C2" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. A The map shows a topographic representation where warm colors indicate higher elevations, illustrating the geographical distribution of Bonnetia ayangannensis B, C view of Mount Ayanganna (photo by Adrian Warren / sasyimages. com)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.247.126950.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1150033">4</figureCitation>
|
||
), the major secondaries semicraspedodromous with irregular spacing, the secondary angle slightly increasing proximally, and with decurrent attachment to the midvein, the minor secondaries and interior secondaries absent, the intersecondaries parallel, spanning less than 50 % of the length of the subjacent secondaries, the intercostal tertiary veins irregularly reticulate, the epimedial tertiaries ramified with the admedial course parallel to the subjacent secondary and the exmedial course parallel to the intercostal tertiary, the exterior tertiaries terminating at the margin, the quaternary vein fabric irregularly reticulate, the quinternary vein fabric freely ramifying, areolation well developed, freely ending veinlets with two or more dendritic branches. Inflorescence axillary or occasionally terminal, once-paniculate,
|
||
<quantity id="A5576ADA577CE77F8B8890E239CA3041" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" unit="cm" value="2.0">2 cm</quantity>
|
||
long, with each branch bearing 3–4 flowers; bracts 2–3 × ca.
|
||
<quantity id="C5BC73C951C6812C1A60BF989E3999DA" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
, oblanceolate to narrowly oblong, base truncate, rarely cuneate, apex rounded, margin ciliate; pedicels
|
||
<quantity id="B4F36A7B0F4E81A5469F1A3DDFC0FF4C" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" unit="mm" value="2.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.0">2–3 mm</quantity>
|
||
long. Flowers
|
||
<quantity id="4F502E48D904A9B26B6043CCB4272EB0" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.2" unit="cm" value="1.35" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="1.2">1.2–1.5 cm</quantity>
|
||
long, sepals 5, 2–4 ×
|
||
<quantity id="268D736DE230F663F390B633D3121E9C" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" unit="mm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1–2 mm</quantity>
|
||
, heteromorphic in size, oblong or ovate, apex rounded to acuminate, glabrous, margin ciliate, with sessile glands on the external surface; petals 5–6, 7–8 ×
|
||
<quantity id="B518AC99A5BD16B7601AFA11D17E59CE" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="5.0" unit="mm" value="5.5" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="5.0">5–6 mm</quantity>
|
||
, broadly obtrullate, apex obcordate with asymmetric lobes, base cuneate, white with red margins; stamens 70–80, yellow, filaments
|
||
<quantity id="719A9A97951E8DB88C68F7DCD77CEFEE" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, glabrous, anthers ca.
|
||
<quantity id="A7794F9B8F478D5E5C8A271B257779EF" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" unit="mm" value="0.6">0.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
long; gynoecium ca. 5 ×
|
||
<quantity id="37B47E15DEDF9A7F366428A1BF39F688" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
, locules 3, carpels 3, green or yellow, stigma 3 - branched in the upper fifth, the lobes reflexed. Capsules 7–8 ×
|
||
<quantity id="47D7B69E4B5E141E2FA125C2C7F1FE87" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.25" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="3.0" unit="mm" value="3.25" valueMax="3.5" valueMin="3.0">3–3.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
, widely ovate to ovate. Seeds
|
||
<quantity id="334143D5D275017D8AF4102C0DBF891C" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.5" unit="mm" value="1.75" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.5">1.5–2 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, linear.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="SECID0EDMAC" type="Paratype">
|
||
<paragraph id="0AFFD24CE10FD666A1060817E2F543E5">
|
||
<heading id="05634E2D6E4CED2D5B30046D1A418BFF" reason="title">
|
||
<typeStatus id="68D6D6F1C5D4AB4A255F422C52929A84" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6754787CC6B52AD4CBB852DA81969236">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="6152F443C9322CA696577D197B61860C" collectingDate="2001-06-24" collectionCode="NY, US" collectorName="D. Clarke" country="Guyana" elevation="2000" latitude="5.3883333" location="east face, edge of summit plateau" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-59.982224" municipality="Mt. Ayanganna" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Potaro-Siparuni" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="4DF073783626AF8AA2FF00A3A143D6D5" name="Guyana">Guyana</collectingCountry>
|
||
•
|
||
<collectingRegion id="46F3E6B96504775D91439A70C51D063A" country="Guyana" name="Potaro-Siparuni">Potaro-Siparuni</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="E29CE036CA297360FFC262806ADF480F">Mt. Ayanganna</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="08F6BD60972C26E2F09BC8C080F3A813" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BD5DADEC043D5C2F8C7C108727EF62C3:08F6BD60972C26E2F09BC8C080F3A813" country="Guyana" latitude="5.3883333" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-59.982224" municipality="Mt. Ayanganna" name="east face, edge of summit plateau" stateProvince="Potaro-Siparuni">east face, edge of summit plateau</location>
|
||
;
|
||
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0EMMAC" specific-use="{"type":"Point","coordinates":[-59.982222,5.388333]}">
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="2A23D7E6E9B658C946F43B657144F603" degrees="5" direction="north" minutes="23" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="18" value="5.3883333">5 ° 23 ′ 18 ′′ N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="D52BE50A08B46D0995C7438859C24785" degrees="59" direction="west" minutes="58" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="56" value="-59.982224">59 ° 58 ′ 56 ′′ W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
</named-content>
|
||
;
|
||
<quantity id="4C06EF0873F4772382572630A24CECFA" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" unit="m" value="2000.0">
|
||
<elevation id="4164217770500428D22982AF78C6E284" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" unit="m" value="2000.0">2000 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
elev.; fl., fr.;
|
||
<date id="B36CC6A0CFFFB5CD87BB99F5DDED957F" value="2001-06-24">
|
||
<collectingDate id="ABC9D1C1637F4397626B0D8158D56321" value="2001-06-24">24 June 2001</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName id="69177BE51675494161854441EAD72A83">D. Clarke</collectorName>
|
||
et al. 9524 (
|
||
<collectionCode id="37291A725AE8F09032B600904A9014AC" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15556" name="William and Lynda Steere Herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden" type="Herbarium">NY</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="0C2CD9DA3780554F395FE8C01D7AA994">US</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="SECID0ERMAC" type="notes">
|
||
<paragraph id="AB6C5BF790FE47173F3E109A106F7621">
|
||
<heading id="31425849FE294454B1C2A56B718F8F85" reason="title">Notes.</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4A2884E683E2DDB0431F9B58A6779C4F">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FCD2649E3721FA8A2E435E17F15F8B82" authorityName="Barb. Silva" authorityYear="2024" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bonnetiaceae" genus="Bonnetia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ayangannensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="258E87D07FBAC622C0F8571A47DC47FB" italics="true">Bonnetia ayangannensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is morphologically most similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8F2010D723366DE88D23440865CCFC70" authority="Spruce ex Benth." authorityName="Benth." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bonnetiaceae" genus="Bonnetia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="paniculata">
|
||
<emphasis id="11AA29FCC0C3F828F36AAAEF40BBDDE0" italics="true">B. paniculata</emphasis>
|
||
Spruce ex Benth.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but it differs from that species by the leaf blades (1 –)
|
||
<quantity id="B19F4541DA23D3CB003DDC357643ABFC" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="1.5" unit="cm" value="2.75" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="1.5">1.5–4 cm</quantity>
|
||
long (vs.
|
||
<quantity id="73BDE08C51B54D083C1728FE43AEEE02" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="0.6" unit="cm" value="12.0" valueMax="18.0" valueMin="6.0">6–18 cm</quantity>
|
||
in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D6A9F8CFAF74DA9DE0C4A38D00CF369E" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bonnetiaceae" genus="Bonnetia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="paniculata">
|
||
<emphasis id="9BFF4C5BA4390DFF8CBAD5326D913A5D" italics="true">B. paniculata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), the leaves with glandular punctuations on the abaxial surface (vs. glands absent), the bracts
|
||
<quantity id="AFEA5DBE4B8429E2A87F92553120617C" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" unit="mm" value="2.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.0">2–3 mm</quantity>
|
||
long (vs.
|
||
<quantity id="E9276DE5C407488633289A8ECD543D01" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="6.0" unit="mm" value="6.5" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="6.0">6–7 mm</quantity>
|
||
), the sepals ciliate and glandular (
|
||
<emphasis id="9CA34C5FF7B1F18BA223F9BEF5B167BF" italics="true">vs.</emphasis>
|
||
cilia and glands lacking) and 2–4 ×
|
||
<quantity id="AEF125A02ADB9831947D43E1D65CE545" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" unit="mm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1–2 mm</quantity>
|
||
(vs.
|
||
<quantity id="E2494B9A20A82D0ACB1D6C309920FE3C" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
|
||
×
|
||
<quantity id="2BBC31E3F45786127702062DB7CA20F8" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="6.0" unit="mm" value="6.5" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="6.0">6–7 mm</quantity>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="026A1A9D8FF7B301AC7310D7FE50BEA8" authority="Kobuski & Steyerm." authorityName="Kobuski & Steyerm." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bonnetiaceae" genus="Bonnetia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tepuiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="4A8AE48CEE21337AC79FF0D93FB60C39" italics="true">Bonnetia tepuiensis</emphasis>
|
||
Kobuski & Steyerm.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="649D036465735E5DCCD88A7151985C0A" authority="(Sastre) A. L. Weitzman & P. F. Stevens" authorityName="A. L. Weitzman & P. F. Stevens" baseAuthorityName="Sastre" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bonnetiaceae" genus="Bonnetia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rubicunda">
|
||
<emphasis id="16C255C3169D82D05BBD945286B2FEF1" italics="true">B. rubicunda</emphasis>
|
||
(Sastre) A. L. Weitzman & P. F. Stevens
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also occurs on the summit of Mount Ayanganna, however the new species can be differentiated by the leaves cuneate at base (vs. rounded in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3EB174BE70507529F75BF80962265307" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bonnetiaceae" genus="Bonnetia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tepuiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="13F0B0442C7CD7A58CAC5D41ADBFEEBD" italics="true">B. tepuiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), the flowers pedicellate (vs. sessile), arranged in inflorescences (vs. solitary flowers) and by having leaf with venation pinnate and flowers with sepals and petals less than
|
||
<quantity id="38E35911579A11956DF191FF9964E6EB" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" unit="mm" value="8.0">8 mm</quantity>
|
||
long (vs. parallel leaf venation and sepals and petals more than
|
||
<quantity id="D89B9A1B820BD02FACA036277B77EA5A" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" unit="mm" value="18.0">18 mm</quantity>
|
||
long in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A7F2041C1E110282450F82C453184EC4" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bonnetiaceae" genus="Bonnetia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rubicunda">
|
||
<emphasis id="56C4DF360C7FC0C0EB1B2C97C6BA422A" italics="true">B. rubicunda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). For better identification of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="75675D24E1C90146DE3BC5D832F328FB">
|
||
<emphasis id="A95A4B6521A2CE051BEFC805F674670A" italics="true">Bonnetia</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="CFFB69BE3096E986D44D6BDBE57D17D1" name="Guyana">Guyana</collectingCountry>
|
||
, see the identification key below.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1B44460BAEC11362B8B89E7025812047">
|
||
The voucher Clarke et al. 9535 (
|
||
<collectionCode id="28227DC37AA264D883275BE19BA76F26" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15556" name="William and Lynda Steere Herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden" type="Herbarium">NY</collectionCode>
|
||
04067354) is a mixed specimen, consisting of three branches of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C5A66976F28748AD8077A9B8C5850447" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bonnetiaceae" genus="Bonnetia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tepuiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="5D0C440159D9BFD4E978E4DD0D6EC1CC" italics="true">B. tepuiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and a small branch to the right of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="827EC9C34FCF5DE7E7159BA1EEA5B211" authorityName="Barb. Silva" authorityYear="2024" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bonnetiaceae" genus="Bonnetia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ayangannensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="38BD7C5865B1116DA42B540168757FA9" italics="true">B. ayangannensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="SECID0EGAAE" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="B0F5B22DDEAD91D382D88B6238A93EF3">
|
||
<heading id="8A7A25DE052CFEFF7FABCDBFE31C372B" reason="title">Etymology.</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D6F5B684FBB55398E710D45BC106FBCA">The epithet refers to the tepui Mount Ayanganna, where the new species was discovered.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="SECID0ELAAE" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="978175E60F2B3A3DF9BAB6BBE7532A3F">
|
||
<heading id="795784D0551D356BAA88F063CC52F305" reason="title">Distribution and habitat.</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8AA0276FCA599FBE30FA4331092283">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7570A7B7FA0138A66D1F6C7FEB873EC9" authorityName="Barb. Silva" authorityYear="2024" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bonnetiaceae" genus="Bonnetia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ayangannensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="8EB37B7D2704F2670B2164C216ECB7E1" italics="true">Bonnetia ayangannensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
appears to be endemic to the summit area of Mount Ayanganna tepui,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="79900554C6BEDEAC38375582F2BEEC05" country="Guyana" name="Potaro-Siparuni">Potaro-Siparuni</collectingRegion>
|
||
, in western
|
||
<collectingCountry id="FCCD900D0ACA2ED81416678C51555C15" name="Guyana">Guyana</collectingCountry>
|
||
. The species is known from only two collections gathered in close proximity from a single population on the eastern summit slope of Mount Ayanganna. The species occurs in scrub forest on sandstone, together with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5464F041FAFCEFA0268EC4CC4B422F00" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bonnetiaceae" genus="Bonnetia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tepuiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="C3678AF8AA4C72D64181B1748043A1E1" italics="true">B. tepuiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EAF7EBADC736DB136EAB1152CD021E4E" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Clusiaceae" genus="Clusia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="F8EFA44EB250AEA235E6DB6930B974D9" italics="true">Clusia</emphasis>
|
||
spp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A2653C94A1F40A782F3D7339406BFD55" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Clusiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Clusiaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C3D84288FC36B388F466A9AF90722DCC" class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" genus="Brocchinia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="290586E993186922F10716E85957045B" italics="true">Brocchinia</emphasis>
|
||
spp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Bomeliaceae), among others, at elevations between 1900 and
|
||
<quantity id="CCE2AE646C22A9F452E666B97E98C3AB" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" unit="m" value="2000.0">2000 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="SECID0E4BAE" type="Preliminary conservation status">
|
||
<paragraph id="2F55D615B5B7C231A5CCB7253DC2F280">
|
||
<heading id="A3223122136CB8CC8B668D3FB8470697" reason="title">Preliminary conservation status.</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A8731C4A50A8B8883F875169B36E2AA1">
|
||
We recommend that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BF8881563A1F7814B46714B284390D93" authorityName="Barb. Silva" authorityYear="2024" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bonnetiaceae" genus="Bonnetia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ayangannensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="4F5FFB04576D7372AD6316430A84C805" italics="true">Bonnetia ayangannensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
be assigned to the Critically Endangered category based on criterion B 2 ab (iv). The species is known from basically a single location (the two collection localities being separated by only c.
|
||
<quantity id="81826BA21C3EA82E6798D6C0F62B2EFB" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" unit="km" value="0.06">0.06 km</quantity>
|
||
), yielding an area of occupancy of
|
||
<quantity id="D75612E5C03C0B696A98FDDF9486CE2C" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" unit="km" value="4.0">4 km</quantity>
|
||
<superScript id="2AC17EAE695F7A1874BD6965B6D3CB10">2</superScript>
|
||
, assuming the default settings in GeoCAT (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BEB96130416AD6AA9B950AA97465BED7" DOI="10.3897/zookeys.150.2109" author="Bachman" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Bachman" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pagination="117-126" refId="B2" refString="Bachman S, Moat J, Hill A, De La Torre J, Scott B (2011) Supporting Red List threat assessments with GeoCAT: Geospatial conservation assessment tool. ZooKeys 150: 117–126. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.150.2109" title="Supporting Red List threat assessments with GeoCAT: Geospatial conservation assessment tool." volume="150" year="2011">Bachman et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4EC2E478CC97EFF6430633F35A5FEE51" author="Bachman and Moat" firstAuthor="Bachman" journalOrPublisher="BGjournal" pagination="11-13" refId="B1" refString="Bachman S, Moat J (2012) GeoCAT-an open source tool for rapid Red List assessments. BGjournal 9: 11–13." title="GeoCAT-an open source tool for rapid Red List assessments." volume="9" year="2012">Bachman and Moat 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, considering that the area above
|
||
<quantity id="A2F0FAF0FBC17038D321DC13DF3E2F13" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" unit="m" value="1900.0">1900 m</quantity>
|
||
elevation on Mount Ayanganna, where taller forest gives way to scrub forest, is only about
|
||
<quantity id="379484A5DF2261BF28AFF385F953CE32" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" unit="km" value="0.7">0.7 km</quantity>
|
||
<superScript id="3530E541EB39422BCBEF66C43CF7DAED">2</superScript>
|
||
, we suspect that the actual AOO is substantially less than
|
||
<quantity id="6544EF7B55396FD44D728D40A9CA2E31" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" unit="km" value="4.0">4 km</quantity>
|
||
<superScript id="0CF50E1C7B48E18B96BEE3F111332AB1">2</superScript>
|
||
. Moreover, it is likely that the population will undergo anthropogenic climate change-driven reduction, paralleling reduction in the extent of the summit scrub vegetation on Mount Ayanganna, the summit peak of which is only
|
||
<quantity id="D80AAC6173B51CC419C46F62F2782376" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.041" unit="m" value="2041.0">2041 m</quantity>
|
||
elevation. This projection is based on modeling (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C19A3FE834D405E4A2E6625A4DA5C5DA" DOI="10.1007/s10584-009-9554-x" author="Nogue" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Nogue" issue="1-2" journalOrPublisher="Climatic Change" pagination="77-85" refId="B15" refString="Nogué S, Rull V, Vegas-Vilarrúbia T (2009) Modeling biodiversity loss by global warming on Pantepui, northern South America: Projected upward migration and potential habitat loss. Climatic Change 94 (1–2): 77–85. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-009-9554-x" title="Modeling biodiversity loss by global warming on Pantepui, northern South America: Projected upward migration and potential habitat loss." volume="94" year="2009">Nogué et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) that suggests upward migration and potential habitat loss for many species with restricted tepui distributions. This, in turn, subjects these localities to threats according to the conditions of subcriterion b (iv). Other species occurring in the eastern district of Pantepui, which are endemic to the summit of one or a few tepuis, are also threatened by rising temperatures, as is the case with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30DE1075709FC1BBE301A737F98EF7E0" authority="P. F. Stevens & A. L. Weitzman" authorityName="P. F. Stevens & A. L. Weitzman" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bonnetiaceae" genus="Bonnetia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fasciculata">
|
||
<emphasis id="5FB4BDD373E5ACDD412A0171B9069872" italics="true">B. fasciculata</emphasis>
|
||
P. F. Stevens & A. L. Weitzman
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="879B5BAA59AFC808D0132F38EE2EBAFD" DOI="10.1007/s10584-009-9554-x" author="Nogue" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Nogue" issue="1-2" journalOrPublisher="Climatic Change" pagination="77-85" refId="B15" refString="Nogué S, Rull V, Vegas-Vilarrúbia T (2009) Modeling biodiversity loss by global warming on Pantepui, northern South America: Projected upward migration and potential habitat loss. Climatic Change 94 (1–2): 77–85. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-009-9554-x" title="Modeling biodiversity loss by global warming on Pantepui, northern South America: Projected upward migration and potential habitat loss." volume="94" year="2009">Nogué et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) or are already listed on the IUCN Red List, such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9249AE3A163669011E984445DC76A57A" authority="(Vulnerable)" baseAuthorityName="Vulnerable" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bonnetiaceae" genus="Bonnetia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rubicunda">
|
||
<emphasis id="CCD76D0F471ACC0285FAF0200A8D40FF" italics="true">B. rubicunda</emphasis>
|
||
(Vulnerable)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="82AE09478654AC1F042E3E73CD7523E0" authority="Steyerm." authorityName="Steyerm." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bonnetiaceae" genus="Bonnetia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ptariensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="C95B407818D79AF3D5852CB2572C310E" italics="true">B. ptariensis</emphasis>
|
||
Steyerm.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Critically Endangered) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AF7BB519D4C221A0634CC04980781E2D" DOI="10.2305/IUCN.UK.1998.RLTS.T36186A9982305.en" refId="B24" refString="World Conservation Monitoring Centre (1998 a) Bonnetia ptariensis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 1998: e. T 36186 A 9982305. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.1998.RLTS.T36186A9982305.en [Accessed on 05 September 2024]">World Conservation Monitoring Centre 1998 a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3D6FBE4F27131475469BB672E6363F56" DOI="10.2305/IUCN.UK.1998.RLTS.T36463A9997059.en" refId="B25" refString="World Conservation Monitoring Centre (1998 b) Bonnetia rubicunda. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 1998: e. T 36463 A 9997059. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.1998.RLTS.T36463A9997059.en [Accessed on 05 September 2024]">World Conservation Monitoring Centre 1998 b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="SECID0ENEAE" type="Micromorphology">
|
||
<paragraph id="B3BCF010F583E73C534F62F050ABCD91">
|
||
<heading id="800034A0139BF5D128B6269149BEF508" reason="title">Micromorphology.</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B0F8952ABCE30D71698C20D6AE1212FB">
|
||
The leaves have a crenulate margin, sometimes bearing deciduous spinular projections (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="8BB76ACEF7AD39B575C132E0C12ED6D5" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. SEM images of the Bonnetia ayangannensis A abaxial surface of the leaf showing the crenate margin, sometimes with deciduous spinulose projections (purple) B abaxial leaf surface with sessile glands (orange) and stomatal complexes (purple) at different levels C stomate immersed in a granular epidermis D bract E bract margin with short-stalked glands F sepals with sessile glands on the external surface G sepal margin with projections or short-stalked glands H seed (from Radosavljevic et al. 247 and Clarke et al. 9524)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.247.126950.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1150031">2 A</figureCitation>
|
||
). The abaxial leaf surface is rugose (i. e., not smooth and presenting different levels) and bears many sessile glands and stomata (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="7A4E4A04FBD80C3D224D767B793452EE" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. SEM images of the Bonnetia ayangannensis A abaxial surface of the leaf showing the crenate margin, sometimes with deciduous spinulose projections (purple) B abaxial leaf surface with sessile glands (orange) and stomatal complexes (purple) at different levels C stomate immersed in a granular epidermis D bract E bract margin with short-stalked glands F sepals with sessile glands on the external surface G sepal margin with projections or short-stalked glands H seed (from Radosavljevic et al. 247 and Clarke et al. 9524)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.247.126950.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1150031">2 B</figureCitation>
|
||
). At higher magnification, the surface takes on a warty-crustose appearance with granular projections (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="8BA9E2478ED8B83333A533D0F0578164" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. SEM images of the Bonnetia ayangannensis A abaxial surface of the leaf showing the crenate margin, sometimes with deciduous spinulose projections (purple) B abaxial leaf surface with sessile glands (orange) and stomatal complexes (purple) at different levels C stomate immersed in a granular epidermis D bract E bract margin with short-stalked glands F sepals with sessile glands on the external surface G sepal margin with projections or short-stalked glands H seed (from Radosavljevic et al. 247 and Clarke et al. 9524)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.247.126950.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1150031">2 C</figureCitation>
|
||
). The margins of the bracts have short stalked glands with thin-walled elongate heads (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="B386A1B4ECC2DE8171CE8779F80C8F39" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. SEM images of the Bonnetia ayangannensis A abaxial surface of the leaf showing the crenate margin, sometimes with deciduous spinulose projections (purple) B abaxial leaf surface with sessile glands (orange) and stomatal complexes (purple) at different levels C stomate immersed in a granular epidermis D bract E bract margin with short-stalked glands F sepals with sessile glands on the external surface G sepal margin with projections or short-stalked glands H seed (from Radosavljevic et al. 247 and Clarke et al. 9524)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.247.126950.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1150031">2 D, E</figureCitation>
|
||
). The sepals have sessile glands on the external surface (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="F00C66249EE543D11F7205D69B95CA7C" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. SEM images of the Bonnetia ayangannensis A abaxial surface of the leaf showing the crenate margin, sometimes with deciduous spinulose projections (purple) B abaxial leaf surface with sessile glands (orange) and stomatal complexes (purple) at different levels C stomate immersed in a granular epidermis D bract E bract margin with short-stalked glands F sepals with sessile glands on the external surface G sepal margin with projections or short-stalked glands H seed (from Radosavljevic et al. 247 and Clarke et al. 9524)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.247.126950.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1150031">2 F</figureCitation>
|
||
) and short stalked glands on the margins (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="7D52EC6A803AFD081FDF219BEA9BA508" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. SEM images of the Bonnetia ayangannensis A abaxial surface of the leaf showing the crenate margin, sometimes with deciduous spinulose projections (purple) B abaxial leaf surface with sessile glands (orange) and stomatal complexes (purple) at different levels C stomate immersed in a granular epidermis D bract E bract margin with short-stalked glands F sepals with sessile glands on the external surface G sepal margin with projections or short-stalked glands H seed (from Radosavljevic et al. 247 and Clarke et al. 9524)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.247.126950.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1150031">2 F, G</figureCitation>
|
||
). The seeds bear longitudinal striations (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="51F46102A814E393F33C031C97574A86" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. SEM images of the Bonnetia ayangannensis A abaxial surface of the leaf showing the crenate margin, sometimes with deciduous spinulose projections (purple) B abaxial leaf surface with sessile glands (orange) and stomatal complexes (purple) at different levels C stomate immersed in a granular epidermis D bract E bract margin with short-stalked glands F sepals with sessile glands on the external surface G sepal margin with projections or short-stalked glands H seed (from Radosavljevic et al. 247 and Clarke et al. 9524)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.247.126950.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1150031">2 H</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |