272 lines
39 KiB
XML
272 lines
39 KiB
XML
<document id="72B3FAE8110DA86982CF637F72384344" ID-DOI="10.11865/zs.202033" ID-ISSN="2095-6827" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5367231" ID-ZooBank="00441A2B-31CF-400B-B2AA-E7BEA6775439" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630258132266" checkinUser="diego" docAuthor="Jiang, Tongyao, Xin, Yafei, Yao, Zhiyuan & Li, Shuqiang" docDate="2020" docId="FE7987DAFFD0FFFEBCFEF8DF1520F9AF" docLanguage="en" docName="Two new spider families from Late Cretaceous Kachin amber (Arachnida_ Araneae).pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Systematics 45 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:07E7829F32901B127B59E960199959BD.1:ZoolSyst.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="07E7829F32901B127B59E960199959BD" docStyleName="ZoolSyst.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Pilosarachnidae Jiang & Li" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="268" masterDocId="0240FFA2FFD1FFFCBC76FFFF162FFFA7" masterDocTitle="Two new spider families from Late Cretaceous Kachin amber (Arachnida: Araneae)" masterLastPageNumber="280" masterPageNumber="266" pageNumber="267" updateTime="1699200183814" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:titleInfo id="6AE5526B9C153C670732B273985F166B">
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<mods:title id="F417D74578C058978CE23E54EACF0695">Two new spider families from Late Cretaceous Kachin amber (Arachnida: Araneae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="DB594ADB80C627D5794C4CE031E53DE8" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="84935DDEE991ACC58634F8FFDD572EA0">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="F09F9CFFE5BF7222B52544D34B87D33E">Jiang, Tongyao</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="F54110C23E39F3950E227EA401843774">Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China & Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw 05282, Myanmar</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:name id="4929491070BF9E9D387B2AE4EE8F359A" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="37C67C11FA06CC91652222EA6DAC3942">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="311D59BEDE309A7C8036A1F0899B892B">Xin, Yafei</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="D2D85FB8DB485CC9C48C3E92D6805F8A">College of Life Science, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang 110034, Liaoning, China Corresponding authors, E-mails: yaozy @ synu. edu. cn; lisq @ ioz. ac. cn</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="329F1AA3B46E6632A00A340D8A1A32A5" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="49752F741875DDDCBF508ADC34F72D5A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="D9BE8FE386611D462D1C38F70DB38EA5">Yao, Zhiyuan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="DAEB6AFC7BA2DF3638B00BC3F36974E5">College of Life Science, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang 110034, Liaoning, China Corresponding authors, E-mails: yaozy @ synu. edu. cn; lisq @ ioz. ac. cn</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:name id="A869473D9F80CAAE83D9949A3CE34FA2" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="9EE81F34CD3A7CD3394D871494A8BB7E">Li, Shuqiang</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="53CF139A16E380237F09A76788750C56">Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="E91622394C82531179909AD9B2494058">Zoological Systematics</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="663B11EFA079DAE48FAA110F94C7F147">
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<mods:date id="13465A72B6B6335016AA683046E315FE">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="B6E8B2749C02AF1F79DD45F5C4C94177" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="88621FA2CCAB42E2D42B5C14372B3EA2">45</mods:number>
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<treatment id="FE7987DAFFD0FFFEBCFEF8DF1520F9AF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5460079" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5460079" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FE7987DAFFD0FFFEBCFEF8DF1520F9AF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/FE7987DAFFD0FFFEBCFEF8DF1520F9AF" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="268" pageId="1" pageNumber="267">
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<subSubSection id="3ECA6547FFD0FFFDBCFEF8DF14B5F89F" box="[136,666,1824,1848]" pageId="1" pageNumber="267" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="766F36CCFFD0FFFDBCFEF8DF14B5F89F" blockId="1.[136,666,1824,1848]" box="[136,666,1824,1848]" pageId="1" pageNumber="267">
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<heading id="2D2781A0FFD0FFFDBCFEF8DF14B5F89F" box="[136,666,1824,1848]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="267" reason="2">
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<emphasis id="44A4EADEFFD0FFFDBCFEF8DF14B5F89F" bold="true" box="[136,666,1824,1848]" pageId="1" pageNumber="267">
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Family †
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<taxonomicName id="B1D04D4FFFD0FFFDBC9CF8DF140AF89F" authority="Jiang & Li" authorityName="Jiang & Li" box="[234,549,1824,1848]" class="Arachnida" family="Pilosarachnidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="267" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pilosarachnidae Jiang & Li</taxonomicName>
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, fam. nov.
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3ECA6547FFD0FFFEBCCBF8A71520F9AF" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="268" pageId="1" pageNumber="267" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="766F36CCFFD0FFFDBCCBF8A71492F8D7" blockId="1.[136,1452,1880,2077]" box="[189,701,1880,1904]" pageId="1" pageNumber="267">
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<typeStatus id="A96B886EFFD0FFFDBCCBF8A716DDF8D7" box="[189,242,1880,1904]" pageId="1" pageNumber="267">Type</typeStatus>
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genus.
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<taxonomicName id="B1D04D4FFFD0FFFDBD33F8A71461F8D7" authority="Jiang & Li" authorityName="Jiang & Li" authorityYear="2020" box="[325,590,1880,1904]" class="Arachnida" family="Pilosarachnidae" genus="Pilosarachne" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="267" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
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<emphasis id="44A4EADEFFD0FFFDBD33F8A717FCF8D7" box="[325,467,1880,1904]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="267">Pilosarachne</emphasis>
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Jiang & Li
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<emphasis id="44A4EADEFFD0FFFDBE2FF8A71492F8D7" bold="true" box="[601,701,1880,1904]" pageId="1" pageNumber="267">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="5F9757A5FFD0FFFDBE2FF8A71492F8D7" box="[601,701,1880,1904]" pageId="1" pageNumber="267" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="766F36CCFFD0FFFEBCCBF8851320FE50" blockId="1.[136,1452,1880,2077]" lastBlockId="2.[136,1453,236,1544]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="268" pageId="1" pageNumber="267">
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Diagnosis.
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<taxonomicName id="B1D04D4FFFD0FFFDBD43F8851478F835" authority="Jiang & Li" authorityName="Jiang & Li" box="[309,599,1914,1938]" class="Arachnida" family="Pilosarachnidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="267" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pilosarachnidae Jiang & Li</taxonomicName>
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,
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<emphasis id="44A4EADEFFD0FFFDBE17F88514E6F835" bold="true" box="[609,713,1914,1938]" pageId="1" pageNumber="267">fam. nov.</emphasis>
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can be distinguished from Synspermiata by the presence of AME and the morphology of bulb which is not piriform; from Araneoidea and Palpimanoidea by the presence of cribellum; from Dionycha of RTA clade by the presence of
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<collectionCode id="10C1AE09FFD0FFFDBE19F83F14B2F87F" box="[623,669,1984,2008]" country="0" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/hz43-zma8" name="International Transit Centre" pageId="1" pageNumber="267">ITC</collectionCode>
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. The new family resembles modern cribellate RTA clade spiders (
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<emphasis id="44A4EADEFFD0FFFDB908F83F138AF870" box="[1406,1445,1984,2007]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="267">e.g.</emphasis>
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, members of marronoid clade such as
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<taxonomicName id="B1D04D4FFFD0FFFDBE6EF81D15E3F85D" authority="O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1871" authorityName="O. Pickard-Cambridge" authorityYear="1871" box="[536,972,2018,2042]" class="Arachnida" family="Dictynidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="267" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Dictynidae O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1871</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="B1D04D4FFFD0FFFDBFA1F81D12E7F85D" authority="Pocock, 1895" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1895" box="[983,1224,2018,2042]" class="Arachnida" family="Desidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="267" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Desidae Pocock, 1895</taxonomicName>
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,
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<emphasis id="44A4EADEFFD0FFFDB8A5F81C12DDF85D" box="[1235,1266,2019,2042]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="267">etc</emphasis>
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.) by the shape of cymbium, attaching angle of bulb relative to cymbium and the arrangement of tegular apophyses (
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<figureCitation id="EEEB2A49FFD0FFFDB8DBF7FA1307F7BA" box="[1197,1320,2053,2077]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="5.[155,218,1993,2015]" captionTargetBox="[216,1372,260,1960]" captionTargetId="figure-71@5.[216,1372,260,1960]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 3. Pilosarachne ju Jiang & Li, gen. & sp. nov., holotype male. A. Left palp, retrolateral view. B. Bulb of left palp, ventral view. C. Right palp, dorsal view, horizontally flipped for the sake of comparison. D. Left palp, ventral view. Scale bars: A, C–D=0.5 mm; B=0.2mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5367239" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5367239/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="267">Figs 3A–D</figureCitation>
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), but can be easily distinguished by the absence of an RTA and the presence of serrate accessory claw setae.
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<taxonomicName id="B1D04D4FFFD3FFFEB8F2FF131388FEA3" authority="Jiang & Li" authorityName="Jiang & Li" box="[1156,1447,236,261]" class="Arachnida" family="Pilosarachnidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="268" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pilosarachnidae Jiang & Li</taxonomicName>
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,
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<emphasis id="44A4EADEFFD3FFFEBCFEFEF016DCFE80" bold="true" box="[136,243,271,295]" pageId="2" pageNumber="268">fam. nov.</emphasis>
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resembles
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<taxonomicName id="B1D04D4FFFD3FFFEBD19FEF01450FE80" authority="Thorell, 1870" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1870" box="[367,639,271,295]" class="Arachnida" family="Hersiliidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="268" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Hersiliidae Thorell, 1870</taxonomicName>
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by the presence of feathery scales (in the sense of
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<bibRefCitation id="12414B3DFFD3FFFEB8C2FEF013B0FE80" author="Griswold & Ramirez & Coddington & Platnick & Atlas of phylogenetic data for entelegyne spiders & Araneae & Araneomorphae & Entelegynae & Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences" box="[1204,1439,271,295]" pageId="2" pageNumber="268" pagination="1 - 324" refId="ref8013" refString="Griswold, C. E., Ramirez, M. J., Coddington, J. A., Platnick, N. I. 2005. Atlas of phylogenetic data for entelegyne spiders (Araneae: Araneomorphae: Entelegynae) with comments on their phylogeny. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 56 (Suppl. II): 1 - 324." type="journal article" year="2005">
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Griswold
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<emphasis id="44A4EADEFFD3FFFEB956FEEF1377FE80" box="[1312,1368,271,295]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="268">et al.</emphasis>
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, 2005
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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), discoid tegulum, presence of median apophysis and filiform embolus, but can be distinguished from the latter by the short clypeus, eye domain in an anterior-most position rather than in the center of the carapace, posterior lateral spinnerets not elongated and the presence of cribellum. The family also resembles
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<taxonomicName id="B1D04D4FFFD3FFFEBF13FE88128DFE28" authority="C. L. Koch, 1850" authorityName="C. L. Koch" authorityYear="1850" box="[869,1186,375,399]" class="Arachnida" family="Deinopidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="268" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Deinopidae C. L. Koch, 1850</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="B1D04D4FFFD3FFFEB8AEFE881691FE15" authority="Thorell, 1869" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1869" class="Arachnida" family="Uloboridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="268" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Uloboridae Thorell, 1869</taxonomicName>
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by the presence of abundant feathery scales, a cribellum, and serrate accessory claw setae, but can be distinguished from both families by the absence of tarsal spines and contiguous lateral eyes; and additionally, from
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<taxonomicName id="B1D04D4FFFD3FFFEB892FE431370FE73" authorityName="C. L. Koch" authorityYear="1850" box="[1252,1375,444,468]" class="Arachnida" family="Deinopidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="268" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Deinopidae</taxonomicName>
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by the absence of enlarged PME and coiled embolus; and from
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<taxonomicName id="B1D04D4FFFD3FFFEBE93FE201572FE50" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1869" box="[741,861,479,503]" class="Arachnida" family="Uloboridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="268" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Uloboridae</taxonomicName>
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by the absence of femoral trichobothria.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="766F36CCFFD3FFFEBCCBFDFD152EFBC0" blockId="2.[136,1453,236,1544]" pageId="2" pageNumber="268">
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As for the extinct cribellate families at the same time and locality (
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<emphasis id="44A4EADEFFD3FFFEBF0DFDFD15B4FDBE" box="[891,923,514,537]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="268">i.e.</emphasis>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="B414F82EFFD3FFFEBFDEFDFD15DAFDBD" box="[936,1013,514,538]" country="Myanmar" name="Kachin" pageId="2" pageNumber="268">Kachin</collectingRegion>
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amber),
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<taxonomicName id="B1D04D4FFFD3FFFEB825FDFD1340FDBD" authority="Jiang & Li" authorityName="Jiang & Li" box="[1107,1391,514,538]" class="Arachnida" family="Pilosarachnidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="268" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pilosarachnidae Jiang &Li</taxonomicName>
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,
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<emphasis id="44A4EADEFFD3FFFEB90EFDFE1698FD9B" bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="268">fam. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
can generally be distinguished from most cribellate families by the presence of rich feathery scales on carapace, abdomen and all appendages, such as †
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<taxonomicName id="B1D04D4FFFD3FFFEBE1CFDB815DBFDF8" authority="Wunderlich, 2018" authorityName="Wunderlich" authorityYear="2018" box="[618,1012,583,607]" class="Arachnida" family="Alteruloboridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="2" pageNumber="268" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
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Alteruloboridae
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||
<bibRefCitation id="12414B3DFFD3FFFEBF51FDB815DBFDF8" author="Wunderlich" box="[807,1012,583,607]" pageId="2" pageNumber="268" refId="ref9407" refString="Wunderlich, J., Muller, P. 2018. Fossil spiders (Araneae) in Cretaceous Burmese amber. In: Wunderlich, J. (ed.), Beitrage zur Araneologie, Vol. 11. Hirschberg, Germany. pp. 1 - 167." type="book" year="2018">Wunderlich, 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, †
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||
<taxonomicName id="B1D04D4FFFD3FFFEB862FDB81388FDF8" authority="Wunderlich, 2018" authorityName="Wunderlich" authorityYear="2018" box="[1044,1447,583,607]" class="Arachnida" family="Frateruloboridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="2" pageNumber="268" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
|
||
Frateruloboridae
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="12414B3DFFD3FFFEB8ACFDB81388FDF8" author="Wunderlich" box="[1242,1447,583,607]" pageId="2" pageNumber="268" refId="ref9407" refString="Wunderlich, J., Muller, P. 2018. Fossil spiders (Araneae) in Cretaceous Burmese amber. In: Wunderlich, J. (ed.), Beitrage zur Araneologie, Vol. 11. Hirschberg, Germany. pp. 1 - 167." type="book" year="2018">Wunderlich, 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
, †
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B1D04D4FFFD3FFFEBCE5FD9517D6FD25" authority="Wunderlich, 2017" authorityName="Wunderlich" authorityYear="2017" box="[147,505,618,642]" class="Arachnida" family="Praearaneidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="2" pageNumber="268" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
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||
Praearaneidae
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<bibRefCitation id="12414B3DFFD3FFFEBD43FD9517D6FD25" author="Wunderlich" box="[309,505,618,642]" pageId="2" pageNumber="268" refId="ref9324" refString="Wunderlich, J. 2017. New and rare fossil spiders (Araneae) in mid Cretaceous amber from Myanmar (Burma), including the description of new extinct families of the suborders Mesothelae and Opisthothelae as well as notes on the taxonomy, the evolution and the biogeography of the Mesothelae. In: Wunderlich, J. (ed.), Beitrage zur Araneologie, Vol. 10. Hirschberg, Germany. pp. 72 - 279." type="book" year="2017">Wunderlich, 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
and †
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B1D04D4FFFD3FFFEBE48FD9515E0FD25" authority="Wunderlich, 2018" authorityName="Wunderlich" authorityYear="2018" box="[574,975,618,642]" class="Arachnida" family="Protoaraneoididae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="268" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
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Protoaraneoididae
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="12414B3DFFD3FFFEBF7AFD9515E0FD25" author="Wunderlich" box="[780,975,618,642]" pageId="2" pageNumber="268" refId="ref9407" refString="Wunderlich, J., Muller, P. 2018. Fossil spiders (Araneae) in Cretaceous Burmese amber. In: Wunderlich, J. (ed.), Beitrage zur Araneologie, Vol. 11. Hirschberg, Germany. pp. 1 - 167." type="book" year="2018">Wunderlich, 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="12414B3DFFD3FFFEBF97FD951285FD25" author="Wunderlich" box="[993,1194,618,642]" pageId="2" pageNumber="268" refId="ref9324" refString="Wunderlich, J. 2017. New and rare fossil spiders (Araneae) in mid Cretaceous amber from Myanmar (Burma), including the description of new extinct families of the suborders Mesothelae and Opisthothelae as well as notes on the taxonomy, the evolution and the biogeography of the Mesothelae. In: Wunderlich, J. (ed.), Beitrage zur Araneologie, Vol. 10. Hirschberg, Germany. pp. 72 - 279." type="book" year="2017">Wunderlich, 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Wunderlich & Müller, 2018).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B1D04D4FFFD3FFFEBCACFD73143FFD03" authority="Jiang & Li" authorityName="Jiang & Li" box="[218,528,652,676]" class="Arachnida" family="Pilosarachnidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="268" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pilosarachnidae Jiang & Li</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="44A4EADEFFD3FFFEBE56FD7314A0FD03" bold="true" box="[544,655,652,676]" pageId="2" pageNumber="268">fam. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
resembles †
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B1D04D4FFFD3FFFEBF6BFD7312E2FD03" authority="Selden et al., 2013" authorityName="Selden" authorityYear="2013" box="[797,1229,652,676]" class="Arachnida" family="Mongolarachnidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="268" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
|
||
Mongolarachnidae
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="12414B3DFFD3FFFEBF83FD7312E2FD03" author="Selden" box="[1013,1229,652,676]" pageId="2" pageNumber="268" pagination="1171 - 1181" refId="ref8622" refString="Selden, P. A., Shih, C. - K., Ren, D. 2013. A giant spider from the Jurassic of China reveals greater diversity of the orbicularian stem group. Naturwissenschaften, 100: 1171 - 1181. doi: 10.1007 / s 00114 - 013 - 1121 - 7." type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Selden
|
||
<emphasis id="44A4EADEFFD3FFFEB83CFD7212A9FD03" box="[1098,1158,652,676]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="268">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(occurs in Jurassic Daohugou bed and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="B414F82EFFD3FFFEBD2CFD501788FD60" box="[346,423,687,711]" country="Myanmar" name="Kachin" pageId="2" pageNumber="268">Kachin</collectingRegion>
|
||
amber;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="12414B3DFFD3FFFEBD89FD5014E6FD60" author="Selden" box="[511,713,687,711]" pageId="2" pageNumber="268" pagination="775 - 778" refId="ref8566" refString="Selden, P. A., Shih, C. - K., Ren, D. 2011. A golden orb-weaver spider (Araneae: Nephilidae: Nephila) from the Middle Jurassic of China. Biology Letters, 7: 775 - 778. doi: 10.1098 / rsbl. 2011.0228." type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Selden
|
||
<emphasis id="44A4EADEFFD3FFFEBE39FD4F14AAFD60" box="[591,645,687,711]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="268">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="12414B3DFFD3FFFEBEA2FD501522FD60" author="Selden" box="[724,781,687,711]" pageId="2" pageNumber="268" pagination="1171 - 1181" refId="ref8622" refString="Selden, P. A., Shih, C. - K., Ren, D. 2013. A giant spider from the Jurassic of China reveals greater diversity of the orbicularian stem group. Naturwissenschaften, 100: 1171 - 1181. doi: 10.1007 / s 00114 - 013 - 1121 - 7." type="journal article" year="2013">2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="12414B3DFFD3FFFEBF6EFD5015F5FD60" author="Wunderlich" box="[792,986,687,711]" pageId="2" pageNumber="268" refId="ref9255" refString="Wunderlich, J. 2015. On the evolution and the classification of spiders, the Mesozoic spider faunas, and descriptions of new Cretaceous taxa mainly in amber from Myanmar (Burma) (Arachnida: Araneae). In: Wunderlich, J. (ed.), Beitrage zur Araneologie, Vol. 9. Hirschberg, Germany. pp. 21 - 408." type="book" year="2015">Wunderlich, 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="12414B3DFFD3FFFEBF93FD501233FD60" author="Wunderlich" box="[997,1052,687,711]" pageId="2" pageNumber="268" refId="ref9324" refString="Wunderlich, J. 2017. New and rare fossil spiders (Araneae) in mid Cretaceous amber from Myanmar (Burma), including the description of new extinct families of the suborders Mesothelae and Opisthothelae as well as notes on the taxonomy, the evolution and the biogeography of the Mesothelae. In: Wunderlich, J. (ed.), Beitrage zur Araneologie, Vol. 10. Hirschberg, Germany. pp. 72 - 279." type="book" year="2017">2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) by the presence of serrate accessory claw setae, and with the presence of femoral spines and apical spines on male palpal tibia, but can be distinguished by the following combination of characters: 1. the absence of extremely long femur of male palp (palpal femur of almost identical length to femur III and shorter than carapace length), while male palpal femur in two subfamilies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B1D04D4FFFD3FFFEB895FCE81384FC88" box="[1251,1451,791,815]" class="Arachnida" family="Mongolarachnidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="268" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Mongolarachnidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Longissipalpinae and Pedipalparaneinae) is longer than femur III and the length of carapace; 2. the contiguous lateral eyes; 3. the spoon-like membranous conductor (
|
||
<figureCitation id="EEEB2A49FFD3FFFEBE3FFCA314CEFCD3" box="[585,737,860,884]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="5.[155,218,1993,2015]" captionTargetBox="[216,1372,260,1960]" captionTargetId="figure-71@5.[216,1372,260,1960]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 3. Pilosarachne ju Jiang & Li, gen. & sp. nov., holotype male. A. Left palp, retrolateral view. B. Bulb of left palp, ventral view. C. Right palp, dorsal view, horizontally flipped for the sake of comparison. D. Left palp, ventral view. Scale bars: A, C–D=0.5 mm; B=0.2mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5367239" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5367239/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="268">Figs 3A–B, D</figureCitation>
|
||
), while in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B1D04D4FFFD3FFFEBF26FCA31237FCD3" box="[848,1048,860,884]" class="Arachnida" family="Mongolarachnidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="268" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Mongolarachnidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
the conductor is absent (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="12414B3DFFD3FFFEB93FFCA3171DFC30" author="Selden" pageId="2" pageNumber="268" pagination="1171 - 1181" refId="ref8622" refString="Selden, P. A., Shih, C. - K., Ren, D. 2013. A giant spider from the Jurassic of China reveals greater diversity of the orbicularian stem group. Naturwissenschaften, 100: 1171 - 1181. doi: 10.1007 / s 00114 - 013 - 1121 - 7." type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Selden
|
||
<emphasis id="44A4EADEFFD3FFFEB9EEFCA2168BFC30" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="268">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2013: 1175
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, fig. 2f) or a filiform tegular apophysis (
|
||
<emphasis id="44A4EADEFFD3FFFEBE8AFC7F150CFC30" box="[764,803,896,919]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="268">e.g.</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="12414B3DFFD3FFFEBF45FC801248FC30" author="Wunderlich" box="[819,1127,895,919]" pageId="2" pageNumber="268" refId="ref9255" refString="Wunderlich, J. 2015. On the evolution and the classification of spiders, the Mesozoic spider faunas, and descriptions of new Cretaceous taxa mainly in amber from Myanmar (Burma) (Arachnida: Araneae). In: Wunderlich, J. (ed.), Beitrage zur Araneologie, Vol. 9. Hirschberg, Germany. pp. 21 - 408." type="book" year="2015">Wunderlich, 2015: 383–384</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, figs 186–190) or a fork-like sclerotized apophysis (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="12414B3DFFD3FFFEBDD7FC5D14B9FC1D" author="Wunderlich" box="[417,662,929,954]" pageId="2" pageNumber="268" refId="ref9255" refString="Wunderlich, J. 2015. On the evolution and the classification of spiders, the Mesozoic spider faunas, and descriptions of new Cretaceous taxa mainly in amber from Myanmar (Burma) (Arachnida: Araneae). In: Wunderlich, J. (ed.), Beitrage zur Araneologie, Vol. 9. Hirschberg, Germany. pp. 21 - 408." type="book" year="2015">Wunderlich, 2015: 384</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, fig. 197) is present instead.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="12414B3DFFD3FFFEBFC8FC5D12A8FC1D" author="Wunderlich" box="[958,1159,929,954]" pageId="2" pageNumber="268" refId="ref9255" refString="Wunderlich, J. 2015. On the evolution and the classification of spiders, the Mesozoic spider faunas, and descriptions of new Cretaceous taxa mainly in amber from Myanmar (Burma) (Arachnida: Araneae). In: Wunderlich, J. (ed.), Beitrage zur Araneologie, Vol. 9. Hirschberg, Germany. pp. 21 - 408." type="book" year="2015">Wunderlich (2015)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
provided a set of characters for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B1D04D4FFFD3FFFEBCC4FC3B1755FC7B" box="[178,378,964,988]" class="Arachnida" family="Mongolarachnidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="268" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Mongolarachnidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
with description of two new genera from this family,
|
||
<emphasis id="44A4EADEFFD3FFFEBFADFC3A15D4FC7B" box="[987,1019,965,988]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="268">i.e.</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B1D04D4FFFD3FFFEB87BFC3B1355FC7B" authority="Wunderlich, 2015" authorityName="Wunderlich" authorityYear="2015" box="[1037,1402,964,988]" class="Arachnida" genus="Longissipalpus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="268" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="44A4EADEFFD3FFFEB87BFC3B1280FC7B" box="[1037,1199,964,988]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="268">Longissipalpus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="12414B3DFFD3FFFEB8CEFC3B1355FC7B" author="Wunderlich" box="[1208,1402,964,988]" pageId="2" pageNumber="268" refId="ref9255" refString="Wunderlich, J. 2015. On the evolution and the classification of spiders, the Mesozoic spider faunas, and descriptions of new Cretaceous taxa mainly in amber from Myanmar (Burma) (Arachnida: Araneae). In: Wunderlich, J. (ed.), Beitrage zur Araneologie, Vol. 9. Hirschberg, Germany. pp. 21 - 408." type="book" year="2015">Wunderlich, 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B1D04D4FFFD3FFFEBCFEFC181428FC58" authority="Wunderlich, 2015" authorityName="Wunderlich" authorityYear="2015" box="[136,519,999,1023]" class="Arachnida" genus="Pedipalparaneus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="268" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="44A4EADEFFD3FFFEBCFEFC181711FC58" box="[136,318,999,1023]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="268">Pedipalparaneus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="12414B3DFFD3FFFEBD33FC181428FC58" author="Wunderlich" box="[325,519,999,1023]" pageId="2" pageNumber="268" refId="ref9255" refString="Wunderlich, J. 2015. On the evolution and the classification of spiders, the Mesozoic spider faunas, and descriptions of new Cretaceous taxa mainly in amber from Myanmar (Burma) (Arachnida: Araneae). In: Wunderlich, J. (ed.), Beitrage zur Araneologie, Vol. 9. Hirschberg, Germany. pp. 21 - 408." type="book" year="2015">Wunderlich, 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in which he concluded that feathery hairs (equivalent to feathery scales in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="12414B3DFFD3FFFEB958FC1816C7FB86" author="Griswold & Ramirez & Coddington & Platnick & Atlas of phylogenetic data for entelegyne spiders & Araneae & Araneomorphae & Entelegynae & Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences" pageId="2" pageNumber="268" pagination="1 - 324" refId="ref8013" refString="Griswold, C. E., Ramirez, M. J., Coddington, J. A., Platnick, N. I. 2005. Atlas of phylogenetic data for entelegyne spiders (Araneae: Araneomorphae: Entelegynae) with comments on their phylogeny. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 56 (Suppl. II): 1 - 324." type="journal article" year="2005">
|
||
Griswold
|
||
<emphasis id="44A4EADEFFD3FFFEB9EEFC17168BFB85" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="268">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2005
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) are absent in this family. However, after examining our own specimens, we found that feathery scales are actually present in both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B1D04D4FFFD3FFFEBD5DFBD317E2FBE3" authorityName="Wunderlich" authorityYear="2015" box="[299,461,1068,1092]" class="Arachnida" genus="Longissipalpus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="268" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="44A4EADEFFD3FFFEBD5DFBD317E2FBE3" box="[299,461,1068,1092]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="268">Longissipalpus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B1D04D4FFFD3FFFEBD89FBD3149AFBE3" authorityName="Wunderlich" authorityYear="2015" box="[511,693,1068,1092]" class="Arachnida" genus="Pedipalparaneus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="268" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="44A4EADEFFD3FFFEBD89FBD3149AFBE3" box="[511,693,1068,1092]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="268">Pedipalparaneus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Thus, we do not distinguish
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B1D04D4FFFD3FFFEBF9DFBD31322FBE3" authority="Jiang & Li" authorityName="Jiang & Li" box="[1003,1293,1068,1092]" class="Arachnida" family="Pilosarachnidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="268" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pilosarachnidae Jiang & Li</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="44A4EADEFFD3FFFEB961FBD31350FBE3" bold="true" box="[1303,1407,1068,1092]" pageId="2" pageNumber="268">fam. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B1D04D4FFFD3FFFEBCFEFBB0177FFBC0" box="[136,336,1103,1127]" class="Arachnida" family="Mongolarachnidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="268" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Mongolarachnidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
base on the existence of feathery scales.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="766F36CCFFD3FFFEBCCBFB8D1541FAB3" blockId="2.[136,1453,236,1544]" pageId="2" pageNumber="268">
|
||
Additionally,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B1D04D4FFFD3FFFEBD22FB8D14AAFB2D" authority="Jiang & Li" authorityName="Jiang & Li" box="[340,645,1138,1162]" class="Arachnida" family="Pilosarachnidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="268" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pilosarachnidae Jiang & Li</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="44A4EADEFFD3FFFEBEE2FB8E152DFB2D" bold="true" box="[660,770,1137,1162]" pageId="2" pageNumber="268">fam. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
has a remarkable autapomorphy, the serrate structure on the prolateral-proximal margin of the tegulum, near the base of embolus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="EEEB2A49FFD3FFFEBF1DFB6B15CDFB0B" box="[875,994,1172,1196]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="5.[155,218,1993,2015]" captionTargetBox="[216,1372,260,1960]" captionTargetId="figure-71@5.[216,1372,260,1960]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 3. Pilosarachne ju Jiang & Li, gen. & sp. nov., holotype male. A. Left palp, retrolateral view. B. Bulb of left palp, ventral view. C. Right palp, dorsal view, horizontally flipped for the sake of comparison. D. Left palp, ventral view. Scale bars: A, C–D=0.5 mm; B=0.2mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5367239" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5367239/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="268">Figs 3B, D</figureCitation>
|
||
). This character is unique in comparison to other known spiders from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="B414F82EFFD3FFFEBDD5FB4817DFFB68" box="[419,496,1207,1231]" country="Myanmar" name="Kachin" pageId="2" pageNumber="268">Kachin</collectingRegion>
|
||
amber. However, the detailed structures on male palp are highly variable at species-level and shouldn’t be considered for higher-level classification (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="12414B3DFFD3FFFEBF57FB2515E7FB55" author="Ramirez" box="[801,968,1242,1266]" pageId="2" pageNumber="268" pagination="1 - 374" refId="ref8524" refString="Ramirez, M. J. 2014. The morphology and phylogeny of dionychan spiders (Araneae: Araneomorphae). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 390: 1 - 374. doi: 10.1206 / 821.1." type="journal article" year="2014">Ramírez, 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), so we do not exclude the possibility that undiscovered species from the same family will lack such a structure.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="766F36CCFFD3FFFEBCCBFAE017BAFA43" blockId="2.[136,1453,236,1544]" pageId="2" pageNumber="268">
|
||
Description. Medium-sized cribellate spider from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="B414F82EFFD3FFFEBEBBFAE01535FA90" box="[717,794,1311,1335]" country="Myanmar" name="Kachin" pageId="2" pageNumber="268">Kachin</collectingRegion>
|
||
amber. Three tarsal claws (
|
||
<figureCitation id="EEEB2A49FFD3FFFEB84EFAE01280FA90" box="[1080,1199,1311,1335]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="4.[155,218,1993,2015]" captionTargetBox="[216,1372,260,1960]" captionTargetId="figure-72@4.[216,1372,260,1960]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 2. Pilosarachne ju Jiang & Li, gen. & sp. nov., holotype male. A. Habitus, lateral view. B. Tarsal claws of left leg II, lateral view. C. Tarsal claws of right leg II, ventral-apical view. D. Spinnerets, ventral view. E. Carapace, dorsal view. F. Chelicerae, anterior view. Scale bars: A=2.0mm; B–C, E=1.0mm; D, F =0.5mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5367237" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5367237/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="268">Figs 2B–C</figureCitation>
|
||
), serrate accessory claw setae present; eight eyes, ALE and PLE contiguous (
|
||
<figureCitation id="EEEB2A49FFD3FFFEBEC1FABE1525FAFD" box="[695,778,1345,1370]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="4.[155,218,1993,2015]" captionTargetBox="[216,1372,260,1960]" captionTargetId="figure-72@4.[216,1372,260,1960]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 2. Pilosarachne ju Jiang & Li, gen. & sp. nov., holotype male. A. Habitus, lateral view. B. Tarsal claws of left leg II, lateral view. C. Tarsal claws of right leg II, ventral-apical view. D. Spinnerets, ventral view. E. Carapace, dorsal view. F. Chelicerae, anterior view. Scale bars: A=2.0mm; B–C, E=1.0mm; D, F =0.5mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5367237" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5367237/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="268">Fig. 2E</figureCitation>
|
||
); fovea distinct, longitudinal; body and appendages covered by dense feathery scales; spines numerous on legs but absent on tarsi, spines forming a ring at apex of each metatarsi (
|
||
<figureCitation id="EEEB2A49FFD3FFFEB93FFA9B13B0FADA" box="[1353,1439,1380,1405]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="4.[155,218,1993,2015]" captionTargetBox="[216,1372,260,1960]" captionTargetId="figure-72@4.[216,1372,260,1960]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 2. Pilosarachne ju Jiang & Li, gen. & sp. nov., holotype male. A. Habitus, lateral view. B. Tarsal claws of left leg II, lateral view. C. Tarsal claws of right leg II, ventral-apical view. D. Spinnerets, ventral view. E. Carapace, dorsal view. F. Chelicerae, anterior view. Scale bars: A=2.0mm; B–C, E=1.0mm; D, F =0.5mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5367237" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5367237/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="268">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
|
||
); paracymbium absent; tibia of male palp without apophyses, embolus with pars pendula (a membranous structure that accompanies embolus), conductor and median apophysis present, and with a serrate structure on tegulum, present near base of embolus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="EEEB2A49FFD3FFFEBD78FA3317A6FA43" box="[270,393,1484,1508]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="5.[155,218,1993,2015]" captionTargetBox="[216,1372,260,1960]" captionTargetId="figure-71@5.[216,1372,260,1960]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 3. Pilosarachne ju Jiang & Li, gen. & sp. nov., holotype male. A. Left palp, retrolateral view. B. Bulb of left palp, ventral view. C. Right palp, dorsal view, horizontally flipped for the sake of comparison. D. Left palp, ventral view. Scale bars: A, C–D=0.5 mm; B=0.2mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5367239" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5367239/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="268">Figs 3A–D</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="766F36CCFFD3FFFEBCCBFA101520F9AF" blockId="2.[136,1453,236,1544]" box="[189,783,1519,1544]" pageId="2" pageNumber="268">
|
||
Distribution. Late Cretaceous
|
||
<collectingRegion id="B414F82EFFD3FFFEBD89FA101463F9A0" box="[511,588,1519,1543]" country="Myanmar" name="Kachin" pageId="2" pageNumber="268">Kachin</collectingRegion>
|
||
amber,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B1D04D4FFFD3FFFEBED7FA0F1524F9AF" authority="Jiang & Xin & Yao & Li, 2020" authorityName="Jiang & Xin & Yao & Li" authorityYear="2020" box="[673,779,1520,1544]" genus="Myanmar" pageId="2" pageNumber="266" rank="genus" status="new species, new genus">Myanmar</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |