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<document id="F90418AF5F909F947FCCF6DC520D79C8" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.1697.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175­5334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5107079" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1626378524067" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Thandar, Ahmed S." docDate="2008" docId="DE2087C7F539875AA0ADF0CD917E5D12" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01697p057.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1697 (1)" docSource="https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1697.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleId="6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Cladodactyla brunspicula Thandar 2008, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="28" masterDocId="2219FFBFF5208746A03AF42E93345C38" masterDocTitle="Additions to the holothuroid fauna of the southern African temperate faunistic provinces, with descriptions of new species" masterLastPageNumber="57" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="26" updateTime="1699010251044" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="932AA548B1E425EB3FB833A548E28CDA">Additions to the holothuroid fauna of the southern African temperate faunistic provinces, with descriptions of new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="96EAC3FE07B5554EDA1E18F7F338A4D1">Thandar, Ahmed S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="01870282F7DDB7FEC7B1A8E4B1EC9B58">2008</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="3BA482BE5BA0A188CC8AC923D625D636">2008-02-05</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="508F00E897C8B8E89E46523D3E4E8747">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="EEAED0D9AE2F3F1E637842E16267FA6C" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.1697.1.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="247FFAD37DADE4FD4EE18058774FDD4B" type="ISSN">1175­5334</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="DE2087C7F539875AA0ADF0CD917E5D12" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DE2087C7F539875AA0ADF0CD917E5D12" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/DE2087C7F539875AA0ADF0CD917E5D12" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<subSubSection id="1E93655AF539875FA0ADF0CD910658C5" box="[151,562,1251,1277]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="563636D1F539875FA0ADF0CD910658C5" blockId="25.[151,562,1251,1312]" box="[151,562,1251,1277]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<heading id="0D7E81BDF539875FA0ADF0CD910658C5" bold="true" box="[151,562,1251,1277]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" reason="1">
<emphasis id="64FDEAC3F539875FA0ADF0CD910658C5" bold="true" box="[151,562,1251,1277]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<taxonomicName id="91894D52F539875FA0ADF0CD92F958C5" ID-CoL="VP3D" authority="Thandar, 2008" authorityName="Thandar" authorityYear="2008" box="[151,461,1251,1277]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Cladodactyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="brunspicula" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="64FDEAC3F539875FA0ADF0CD92F958C5" bold="true" box="[151,461,1251,1277]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Cladodactyla brunspicula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="7FCE57B8F539875FA1EEF0CD910658C5" box="[468,562,1251,1277]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1E93655AF539875AA0ADF128917E5D12" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="description">
<paragraph id="563636D1F539875FA0ADF12892335918" blockId="25.[151,562,1251,1312]" box="[151,263,1286,1312]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<figureCitation id="CEB22A54F539875FA0ADF12892335918" box="[151,263,1286,1312]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="27.[151,255,1451,1475]" captionTargetBox="[169,1423,202,1428]" captionTargetId="figure-255@27.[147,1443,183,1446]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 10. Cladodactyla brunspicula sp. nov. Holotype, SAM A 22727. A. Plates from dorsal body wall; B. plates from ventral body wall; C. rods from podia; D. plates from tentacle; E rosettes from tentacle; F. calcareous ring and associated structures (R-radial plate, IR-interradial plate, pv-polian vesicle. Paratype, SAM-A28010. G. Plates from dorsal body wall; H. plates of ventral body wall; I. rods of ventral podia; J. rods of tentacles. A-E &amp; G-J scale a." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5107109" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5107109/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Figure 10</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="563636D1F539875FA0ADF17892385948" blockId="25.[151,1436,1366,1632]" box="[151,268,1366,1392]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Diagnosis</paragraph>
<paragraph id="563636D1F539875FA0CBF15091F15A58" blockId="25.[151,1436,1366,1632]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
Small, gerkhin-like species,
<typeStatus id="89328873F539875FA27AF150919359A0" box="[576,679,1406,1432]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
<quantity id="91719B34F539875FA295F150903259A0" box="[687,774,1406,1432]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" unit="mm" value="16.0">16 mm</quantity>
. Tentacles 10, equal. Anal teeth absent, papillae may be present. Podia confined to ambulacra, dorsally in 1-2 rows, ventrally large, in 2-4 rows, interambulacra naked. Polian vesicles 1-2. Spicules of body wall orange-brown to bronze in colour, comprising smooth, thin, multilocular plates with one end slightly prolonged into a roughened projection, dorsal plates
<quantity id="91719B34F539875FA497F1D8960A5A28" box="[1197,1342,1526,1552]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.895" metricValueMax="2.44" metricValueMin="1.35" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" unit="mm" value="189.5" valueMax="244.0" valueMin="135.0">135-244 µm</quantity>
, ventral plates
<quantity id="91719B34F539875FA0DEF230924C5A00" box="[228,376,1566,1592]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.49" metricValueMax="1.75" metricValueMin="1.23" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" unit="mm" value="149.0" valueMax="175.0" valueMin="123.0">123-175 µm</quantity>
, holes small, frequently occluded. Podia with smaller plates, end-plates absent. Tentacles with multilocular plates, introvert with rosettes.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="563636D1F539875FA0ADF2B890EA5AE0" blockId="25.[151,990,1686,1752]" box="[151,990,1686,1752]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Etymology The specific name refers to the brownish colouration of the spicules.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="563636D1F539875FA0ADF32092475B10" blockId="25.[151,1435,1806,1915]" box="[151,371,1806,1832]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Material examined</paragraph>
<paragraph id="563636D1F539875FA0F0F31896365B43" blockId="25.[151,1435,1806,1915]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<materialsCitation id="E6E13C8CF539875FA0F0F31890D15B68" box="[202,997,1846,1872]" collectingDate="1964-01" location="south Namaqualand" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="64FDEAC3F539875FA0F0F31892015B77" box="[202,309,1846,1871]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<typeStatus id="89328873F539875FA0F0F31892015B77" box="[202,309,1846,1871]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
(female), SAM A-22727,
<location id="5356600AF539875FA242F31890535B68" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DE2087C7F539875AA0ADF0CD917E5D12:5356600AF539875FA242F31890535B68" box="[632,871,1846,1872]" name="south Namaqualand" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">south Namaqualand</location>
,
<date id="22371011F539875FA34CF31890D15B68" box="[886,997,1846,1872]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" value="1964-01">
<collectingDate id="3273E9F9F539875FA34CF31890D15B68" box="[886,997,1846,1872]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" value="1964-01">Jan 1964</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="E6E13C8CF539875FA3C9F31896365B43" accessionNumber="A28010" collectingDate="1972-06-21" collectionCode="UCT" location="Still Bay Shelf Transect" longitude="21.441668" municipality="Still Bay" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" specimenCount="20" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="64FDEAC3F539875FA3C9F318976A5B77" box="[1011,1118,1846,1871]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<typeStatus id="89328873F539875FA3C9F318976A5B77" box="[1011,1118,1846,1871]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
(juvenile), SAM A28010,
<collectionCode id="3098AE14F539875FA0ADF34F93E65B43" box="[151,210,1889,1915]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">UCT</collectionCode>
Ecol. Surv.,
<location id="5356600AF539875FA152F34F91B75B43" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DE2087C7F539875AA0ADF0CD917E5D12:5356600AF539875FA152F34F91B75B43" box="[360,643,1889,1915]" longitude="21.441668" municipality="Still Bay" name="Still Bay Shelf Transect" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<collectingMunicipality id="B652ACABF539875FA152F34F92FB5B43" box="[360,463,1889,1915]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Still Bay</collectingMunicipality>
Shelf Transect
</location>
, St. SST
<geoCoordinate id="33BD5016F539875FA2D5F34F90745B54" box="[751,832,1886,1915]" degrees="72, 34" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" precision="555" value="-72.34">
72, 34
<superScript id="A1FC9B99F539875FA302F37090745B54" attach="left" box="[824,832,1886,1900]" fontSize="6" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">o</superScript>
</geoCoordinate>
23.4' S,
<geoCoordinate id="33BD5016F539875FA39CF34F97125B43" box="[934,1062,1886,1915]" degrees="21" direction="east" minutes="26.5" orientation="longitude" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" precision="92" value="21.441668">
21
<superScript id="A1FC9B99F539875FA3FEF37090F85B54" attach="left" box="[964,972,1886,1900]" fontSize="6" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">o</superScript>
26.5' E
</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="22371011F539875FA409F34F97875B43" box="[1075,1203,1889,1915]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" value="1972-06-21">
<collectingDate id="3273E9F9F539875FA409F34F97875B43" box="[1075,1203,1889,1915]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" value="1972-06-21">
21.vi.
<quantity id="91719B34F539875FA448F34F97875B43" box="[1138,1203,1889,1915]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9722" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" unit="m" value="1972.2">1972</quantity>
</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<specimenCount id="408FFD58F539875FA485F34F96365B43" box="[1215,1282,1889,1915]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="generic">20 m.</specimenCount>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="563636D1F539875CA0ADF39F912C5C8A" blockId="25.[151,573,1969,2035]" lastBlockId="26.[151,1436,152,1298]" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<materialsCitation id="E6E13C8CF539875CA0ADF39F912C5C8A" collectionCode="WCP" elevation="20" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" specimenCount="20" typeStatus="holotype">
Type locality Namaqualand,
<collectionCode id="3098AE14F539875FA156F3F7929F5BCB" box="[364,427,2009,2035]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">WCP</collectionCode>
, up to
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<quantity id="91719B34F539875FA1C0F3F7910C5BCB" box="[506,568,2009,2035]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" unit="m" value="20.0">
<elevation id="DDA4D1E2F539875FA1C0F3F7910C5BCB" box="[506,568,2009,2035]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" unit="m" value="20.0">20 m</elevation>
</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
Description of
<typeStatus id="89328873F53A875CA17CF4B692995C8A" box="[326,429,152,178]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(female)
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="563636D1F53A875CA0F3F4EE96075DCA" blockId="26.[151,1436,152,1298]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
Specimen small, gerkhin-like, slightly curved with transverse folds; body narrowing gradually towards anterior and posterior ends, ventral surface slightly flattened, dorsal conspicuously arched, sole absent. Length
<quantity id="91719B34F53A875CA0ADF53E93DA5D12" box="[151,238,272,298]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" unit="mm" value="16.0">16 mm</quantity>
, width in mid-body
<quantity id="91719B34F53A875CA1DBF53E911E5D12" box="[481,554,272,298]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
. Colour in alcohol uniformly pale brown. Tentacles 10, retracted, more or less of same size, bushy, pale brown, speckled with dark spots. Mouth terminal, completely shut off; anus also terminal, encircled by five distinct radial papillae, no evidence of calcareous teeth. Podia confined to ambulacra, reaching level of mouth, pinkish, with well developed suckers, dorsal podia partially retracted, small, in double rows; ventral ambulacra set close together, podia large, in 2-4 rows, with four rows only in middle of mid-ventral ambulacrum, interambulacra naked. Body wall soft, thin, smooth to the touch.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="563636D1F53A875CA0F2F62E909F5F62" blockId="26.[151,1436,152,1298]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
Calcareous ring (
<figureCitation id="CEB22A54F53A875CA1AFF62E91285E22" box="[405,540,512,538]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="27.[151,255,1451,1475]" captionTargetBox="[169,1423,202,1428]" captionTargetId="figure-255@27.[147,1443,183,1446]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 10. Cladodactyla brunspicula sp. nov. Holotype, SAM A 22727. A. Plates from dorsal body wall; B. plates from ventral body wall; C. rods from podia; D. plates from tentacle; E rosettes from tentacle; F. calcareous ring and associated structures (R-radial plate, IR-interradial plate, pv-polian vesicle. Paratype, SAM-A28010. G. Plates from dorsal body wall; H. plates of ventral body wall; I. rods of ventral podia; J. rods of tentacles. A-E &amp; G-J scale a." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5107109" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5107109/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Figure 10F</figureCitation>
) soft, poorly calcified; radial and interradial plates of approximately same length, separate, with wide gaps between them; radial plates truncate, slightly broad at base, deeply grooved on the outer surface for insertion of retractor muscle; interradial plates triangular with pointed apex. Polian vesicles (
<figureCitation id="CEB22A54F53A875CA139F65692B35EAA" box="[259,391,632,658]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="27.[151,255,1451,1475]" captionTargetBox="[169,1423,202,1428]" captionTargetId="figure-255@27.[147,1443,183,1446]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 10. Cladodactyla brunspicula sp. nov. Holotype, SAM A 22727. A. Plates from dorsal body wall; B. plates from ventral body wall; C. rods from podia; D. plates from tentacle; E rosettes from tentacle; F. calcareous ring and associated structures (R-radial plate, IR-interradial plate, pv-polian vesicle. Paratype, SAM-A28010. G. Plates from dorsal body wall; H. plates of ventral body wall; I. rods of ventral podia; J. rods of tentacles. A-E &amp; G-J scale a." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5107109" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5107109/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Figure 10F</figureCitation>
) two, sac-like, one on right of dorsal mesentery, other mid-ventral. Stone canal considerably short, straight, free; madreporite cauliflower-like with four lobes, situated immediately posterior to middorsal interradial plate of calcareous ring. Longitudinal muscles thin, unpaired; retractor muscles well developed, ventral series originating in anterior third of body, dorsal pair in posterior third of body. Respiratory trees, whitish, well branched, uniting before entering cloaca. Cloaca slightly elongate. Gonad as two tufts of moderately long tubules full of eggs. Podial ampullae conspicuous.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="563636D1F53A875CA0F9F7469639592A" blockId="26.[151,1436,152,1298]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
Spicules of dorsal and ventral body wall characteristically orange-brown to bronze in colour, of more or less similar form and size, comprising smooth, multilocular, flattened plates, slightly thickened in the middle, with smooth margins and with one end slightly prolonged and roughened with irregular projections; dorsal plates long (
<figureCitation id="CEB22A54F53A875CA112F7CE92815FC2" box="[296,437,992,1018]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="27.[151,255,1451,1475]" captionTargetBox="[169,1423,202,1428]" captionTargetId="figure-255@27.[147,1443,183,1446]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 10. Cladodactyla brunspicula sp. nov. Holotype, SAM A 22727. A. Plates from dorsal body wall; B. plates from ventral body wall; C. rods from podia; D. plates from tentacle; E rosettes from tentacle; F. calcareous ring and associated structures (R-radial plate, IR-interradial plate, pv-polian vesicle. Paratype, SAM-A28010. G. Plates from dorsal body wall; H. plates of ventral body wall; I. rods of ventral podia; J. rods of tentacles. A-E &amp; G-J scale a." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5107109" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5107109/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Figure 10A</figureCitation>
),
<quantity id="91719B34F53A875CA1F1F7CE91695FC2" box="[459,605,991,1018]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.895" metricValueMax="2.44" metricValueMin="1.35" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" unit="mm" value="189.5" valueMax="244.0" valueMin="135.0">135-244 µm</quantity>
(mean
<quantity id="91719B34F53A875CA282F7CE90235FC2" box="[696,791,991,1018]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" unit="mm" value="200.0">200 µm</quantity>
), narrow; ventral plates (
<figureCitation id="CEB22A54F53A875CA47AF7CE97FD5FC2" box="[1088,1225,992,1018]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="27.[151,255,1451,1475]" captionTargetBox="[169,1423,202,1428]" captionTargetId="figure-255@27.[147,1443,183,1446]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 10. Cladodactyla brunspicula sp. nov. Holotype, SAM A 22727. A. Plates from dorsal body wall; B. plates from ventral body wall; C. rods from podia; D. plates from tentacle; E rosettes from tentacle; F. calcareous ring and associated structures (R-radial plate, IR-interradial plate, pv-polian vesicle. Paratype, SAM-A28010. G. Plates from dorsal body wall; H. plates of ventral body wall; I. rods of ventral podia; J. rods of tentacles. A-E &amp; G-J scale a." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5107109" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5107109/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Figure 10B</figureCitation>
) shorter,
<quantity id="91719B34F53A875CA500F7CE938B581A" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.49" metricValueMax="1.75" metricValueMin="1.23" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" unit="mm" value="149.0" valueMax="175.0" valueMin="123.0">123-175 µm</quantity>
(mean
<quantity id="91719B34F53A875CA12CF0269241581A" box="[278,373,1031,1058]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.49" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" unit="mm" value="149.0">149 µm</quantity>
); holes small, 6-18 dorsally, 7-13 ventrally, increasing in size and number towards extremities, often reduced to only a single series or frequently occluded, perhaps due to advancing age, hence less developed plates with larger holes. Anal body wall not characterized by any special deposits. Podia supported by similar but smaller plates/rods,
<quantity id="91719B34F53A875CA210F0AE919F58A2" box="[554,683,1151,1178]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.02" metricValueMax="1.1" metricValueMin="0.94" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" unit="mm" value="102.0" valueMax="110.0" valueMin="94.0">94-110 µm</quantity>
(mean
<quantity id="91719B34F53A875CA338F0AE906958A2" box="[770,861,1151,1178]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.04" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" unit="mm" value="104.0">104 µm</quantity>
) and other, perhaps developing plates with fewer holes (2-7) and irregular margins; end-plates absent. Tentacles supported by usually elongate,
<quantity id="91719B34F53A875CA52CF08696A858FA" box="[1302,1436,1191,1218]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.31" metricValueMax="2.13" metricValueMin="0.49" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" unit="mm" value="131.0" valueMax="213.0" valueMin="49.0">49-213 µm</quantity>
(mean
<quantity id="91719B34F53A875CA0DDF0FE927158D2" box="[231,325,1231,1258]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" unit="mm" value="130.0">130 µm</quantity>
), multilocular plates with irregular margins (
<figureCitation id="CEB22A54F53A875CA375F0FE90ED58D2" box="[847,985,1232,1258]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="27.[151,255,1451,1475]" captionTargetBox="[169,1423,202,1428]" captionTargetId="figure-255@27.[147,1443,183,1446]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 10. Cladodactyla brunspicula sp. nov. Holotype, SAM A 22727. A. Plates from dorsal body wall; B. plates from ventral body wall; C. rods from podia; D. plates from tentacle; E rosettes from tentacle; F. calcareous ring and associated structures (R-radial plate, IR-interradial plate, pv-polian vesicle. Paratype, SAM-A28010. G. Plates from dorsal body wall; H. plates of ventral body wall; I. rods of ventral podia; J. rods of tentacles. A-E &amp; G-J scale a." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5107109" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5107109/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Figure 10D</figureCitation>
), of same colouration as those of body wall. Introvert with delicate rosettes, variously developed (
<quantity id="91719B34F53A875CA373F0D6908B592A" box="[841,959,1271,1298]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.25" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" unit="mm" value="32.5" valueMax="50.0" valueMin="15.0">15-50 µm</quantity>
, mean
<quantity id="91719B34F53A875CA428F0D69754592A" box="[1042,1120,1271,1298]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" unit="mm" value="28.0">28 µm</quantity>
) (
<figureCitation id="CEB22A54F53A875CA44DF0D69635592A" box="[1143,1281,1272,1298]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="27.[151,255,1451,1475]" captionTargetBox="[169,1423,202,1428]" captionTargetId="figure-255@27.[147,1443,183,1446]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 10. Cladodactyla brunspicula sp. nov. Holotype, SAM A 22727. A. Plates from dorsal body wall; B. plates from ventral body wall; C. rods from podia; D. plates from tentacle; E rosettes from tentacle; F. calcareous ring and associated structures (R-radial plate, IR-interradial plate, pv-polian vesicle. Paratype, SAM-A28010. G. Plates from dorsal body wall; H. plates of ventral body wall; I. rods of ventral podia; J. rods of tentacles. A-E &amp; G-J scale a." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5107109" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5107109/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Figure 10E</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="563636D1F53A875CA0ADF166929F595A" blockId="26.[151,1436,1352,1818]" box="[151,427,1352,1378]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
Description of
<typeStatus id="89328873F53A875CA17CF166929F595A" box="[326,427,1352,1378]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="563636D1F53A875CA0FEF15E96685A12" blockId="26.[151,1436,1352,1818]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<typeStatus id="89328873F53A875CA0FEF15E921E59B2" box="[196,298,1392,1418]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
juvenile, twice as long as broad, length 3.5 mm, width in mid-body 1.75 mm. Mouth terminal, ventrally directed; anus dorsal. Colour in alcohol cream to pink. Tentacles retracted; anal papillae only observed on dissection. Podia confined to ambulacra, scarce, retracted, dorsally few with reduced suckers, ventrally in single rows in ventro-lateral ambulacra and most of mid-ventral ambulacrum, in double rows in middle of mid-ventral ambulacrum, end-plates absent. Interambulacra and most of dorsal surface naked.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="563636D1F53A875CA0F7F21692195B22" blockId="26.[151,1436,1352,1818]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
Calacreous ring similar to that of
<typeStatus id="89328873F53A875CA257F21691E05A6A" box="[621,724,1592,1618]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
but plates meeting at base. Polian vesicle single, sac-like; madreporite tri-lobed. Gonad not developed. Body wall spicules of similar form, colouration and size as those of
<typeStatus id="89328873F53A875CA08CF2A6922B5A9A" box="[182,287,1672,1698]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, except that holes hardly show any signs of occlusion (
<figureCitation id="CEB22A54F53A875CA398F2A6977A5A9A" box="[930,1102,1672,1698]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="27.[151,255,1451,1475]" captionTargetBox="[169,1423,202,1428]" captionTargetId="figure-255@27.[147,1443,183,1446]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 10. Cladodactyla brunspicula sp. nov. Holotype, SAM A 22727. A. Plates from dorsal body wall; B. plates from ventral body wall; C. rods from podia; D. plates from tentacle; E rosettes from tentacle; F. calcareous ring and associated structures (R-radial plate, IR-interradial plate, pv-polian vesicle. Paratype, SAM-A28010. G. Plates from dorsal body wall; H. plates of ventral body wall; I. rods of ventral podia; J. rods of tentacles. A-E &amp; G-J scale a." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5107109" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5107109/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Figure 10G, H</figureCitation>
). Plates of ventral body wall slightly knobbed with central axis thicker than rest of plate. Podial deposits (
<figureCitation id="CEB22A54F53A875CA429F29E97A45AF2" box="[1043,1168,1712,1738]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="27.[151,255,1451,1475]" captionTargetBox="[169,1423,202,1428]" captionTargetId="figure-255@27.[147,1443,183,1446]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 10. Cladodactyla brunspicula sp. nov. Holotype, SAM A 22727. A. Plates from dorsal body wall; B. plates from ventral body wall; C. rods from podia; D. plates from tentacle; E rosettes from tentacle; F. calcareous ring and associated structures (R-radial plate, IR-interradial plate, pv-polian vesicle. Paratype, SAM-A28010. G. Plates from dorsal body wall; H. plates of ventral body wall; I. rods of ventral podia; J. rods of tentacles. A-E &amp; G-J scale a." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5107109" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5107109/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Figure 10I</figureCitation>
) as in
<typeStatus id="89328873F53A875CA4E7F29E96735AF2" box="[1245,1351,1712,1738]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
. Tentacle deposits (
<figureCitation id="CEB22A54F53A875CA10AF2F692845ACA" box="[304,432,1752,1778]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="27.[151,255,1451,1475]" captionTargetBox="[169,1423,202,1428]" captionTargetId="figure-255@27.[147,1443,183,1446]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 10. Cladodactyla brunspicula sp. nov. Holotype, SAM A 22727. A. Plates from dorsal body wall; B. plates from ventral body wall; C. rods from podia; D. plates from tentacle; E rosettes from tentacle; F. calcareous ring and associated structures (R-radial plate, IR-interradial plate, pv-polian vesicle. Paratype, SAM-A28010. G. Plates from dorsal body wall; H. plates of ventral body wall; I. rods of ventral podia; J. rods of tentacles. A-E &amp; G-J scale a." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5107109" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5107109/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Figure 10J</figureCitation>
) incompletely developed, appearing as rods and developing plates. Introvert deposits not detected.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="563636D1F53A875DA0ADF37E93CB5ABE" blockId="26.[151,634,1872,1938]" lastBlockId="27.[151,1436,1644,2030]" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
Distribution South-west coast of WCP, up to
<specimenCount id="408FFD58F53A875CA20DF356914E5BAA" box="[567,634,1912,1938]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="generic">
<quantity id="91719B34F53A875CA20DF35691425BAA" box="[567,630,1912,1938]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" unit="m" value="20.0">20 m</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
Remarks
</paragraph>
<caption id="02F66659F53B875DA0ADF18596A85A0D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5107109" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5107109" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5107109/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" startId="27.[151,255,1451,1475]" targetBox="[169,1423,202,1428]" targetPageId="27">
<paragraph id="563636D1F53B875DA0ADF18596A85A0D" blockId="27.[151,1436,1451,1589]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="64FDEAC3F53B875DA0ADF185921C59FB" bold="true" box="[151,296,1451,1475]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">FIGURE 10.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="91894D52F53B875DA10BF182917C59FB" authority="Thandar, 2008" authorityName="Thandar" authorityYear="2008" box="[305,584,1452,1475]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Cladodactyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="brunspicula" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="64FDEAC3F53B875DA10BF182917C59FB" box="[305,584,1452,1475]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Cladodactyla brunspicula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="7FCE57B8F53B875DA26BF182919159FB" box="[593,677,1452,1475]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Holotype, SAM A 22727. A. Plates from dorsal body wall; B. plates from ventral body wall; C. rods from podia; D. plates from tentacle; E rosettes from tentacle; F. calcareous ring and associated structures (R-radial plate, IR-interradial plate, pv-polian vesicle. Paratype, SAM-A28010. G. Plates from dorsal body wall; H. plates of ventral body wall; I. rods of ventral podia; J. rods of tentacles. A-E &amp; G-J scale a.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="563636D1F53B875AA0F8F2BA917E5D12" blockId="27.[151,1436,1644,2030]" lastBlockId="28.[151,1436,152,298]" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
Although slight differences exist between the adult (
<typeStatus id="89328873F53B875DA315F2BA90AD5A96" box="[815,921,1684,1710]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
) and the juvenile (
<typeStatus id="89328873F53B875DA442F2BA97D75A96" box="[1144,1251,1684,1710]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
), these are here considered as being age-related so there is no doubt that the two individuals are conspecific. The new species comes quite close to
<taxonomicName id="91894D52F53B875DA1ABF2CA91CF5AC6" authority="Panning, 1955" authorityName="Panning" authorityYear="1955" box="[401,763,1764,1790]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Cladodactyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="senegalensis">
<emphasis id="64FDEAC3F53B875DA1ABF2CA917C5AC5" box="[401,584,1764,1789]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">C. senegalensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="32184B20F53B875DA26BF2CA91CF5AC6" author="Panning, A." box="[593,763,1764,1790]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="33 - 47" refId="ref30747" refString="Panning, A. (1955) Bermerkungen uber die Holothurien-Familie Cucumariidae (Ordnung Dendrochirota). Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut, 53, 33 - 47." type="journal article" year="1955">Panning, 1955</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
differing from it in the equal size of the tentacles, fewer Polian vesicles, the lack of special branchings of the respiratory trees, the longer body wall spicules and the frequent occlusion of their holes. Equal tentacles and the paucity of dorsal podia occur in the type species
<taxonomicName id="91894D52F53B875DA5BBF31A93D25B4D" baseAuthorityName="Lesson" baseAuthorityYear="1830" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Cladodactyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="crocea">
<emphasis id="64FDEAC3F53B875DA5BBF31A93D25B4D" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">C. crocea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the south-east Pacific but this species loses its spicules with age. The new species can also be referred to
<taxonomicName id="91894D52F53B875DA126F3AA92825BA5" authorityName="Herouard" authorityYear="1929" box="[284,438,1924,1949]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Hemioedema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="64FDEAC3F53B875DA126F3AA92825BA5" box="[284,438,1924,1949]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Hemioedema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as it is quite close to
<taxonomicName id="91894D52F53B875DA2FEF3AA90825BA6" authority="Herouard" authorityName="Herouard" authorityYear="1929" box="[708,950,1924,1950]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Hemioedema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="gruveli">
<emphasis id="64FDEAC3F53B875DA2FEF3AA90085BA5" box="[708,828,1924,1949]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">H. gruveli</emphasis>
Hérouard
</taxonomicName>
, recently re-described by
<bibRefCitation id="32184B20F53B875DA4D3F3AA96A35BA6" author="Massin, C." box="[1257,1431,1924,1950]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="397 - 429" refId="ref30396" refString="Massin, C. (1993) The Holothurioidea (Echinodermata) collected during the ' Tyro Mauritania-II' expedition 1988. Zoologische Mededelingen (Leiden), 67, 397 - 429." type="journal article" year="1993">Massin (1993)</bibRefCitation>
, differing from it in its shape, restriction of the podia to the radii, no specialised anal spicules and numerous body wall spicules. In any case, according to
<bibRefCitation id="32184B20F53B875DA292F3FA90545BD6" author="Panning, A." box="[680,864,2004,2030]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="404 - 470" refId="ref30710" refString="Panning, A. (1949) Versuch einer Neuordnung der Familie Cucumariidae (Holothurioidea, Dendrochirota). Zoologische Jahrbucher Abteilung fur Systematik, Okologie und Geographie der Tiere, 78, 404 - 470." type="journal article" year="1949">Panning (1949)</bibRefCitation>
, both
<taxonomicName id="91894D52F53B875DA39CF3FA97705BD5" box="[934,1092,2004,2029]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Cladodactyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="64FDEAC3F53B875DA39CF3FA97705BD5" box="[934,1092,2004,2029]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Cladodactyla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="91894D52F53B875DA446F3FA96235BD5" authorityName="Herouard" authorityYear="1929" box="[1148,1303,2004,2029]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Hemioedema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="64FDEAC3F53B875DA446F3FA96235BD5" box="[1148,1303,2004,2029]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Hemioedema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are closely related. In the form of its deposits, the new species also approaches the South African subtropical endemic,
<taxonomicName id="91894D52F53C875AA0ADF4EE91385CE2" authority="Thandar" authorityName="Thandar" authorityYear="1986" box="[151,524,192,218]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Pawsonellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="africanus">
<emphasis id="64FDEAC3F53C875AA0ADF4EE92955CE1" box="[151,417,192,217]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Pawsonellus africanus</emphasis>
Thandar
</taxonomicName>
, but differs in the equal size of the tentacles, the colour of the spicules and the absence of rounded plates in the body wall. However, the new species appears restricted to the cold waters of the south-west coast of
<collectingCountry id="2E9E7641F53C875AA196F53E91725D12" box="[428,582,272,298]" name="South Africa" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">South Africa</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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