690 lines
81 KiB
XML
690 lines
81 KiB
XML
<document id="979F35422D7D8579D824C6ADE604741A" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3721.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="55296e90-8e6d-47f4-8ad8-ad306a27f739" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="285075" ID-ZooBank="C25F8F57-3875-4E0D-8F34-9DC9C9F876D1" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460688218115" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Ballantyne, Lesley, Fu, Xinhua, Lambkin, Christine, Jeng, Ming-Luen, Faust, Lynn, Wijekoon, W. M. C. D., Li, Daiqin & Zhu, Tengfui" docDate="2013" docId="9B748785125C9430FF0CFAD69F22D88D" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03721p048.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3721 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Abscondita terminalis Olivier, comb. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="43" masterDocId="674DFFFD127D941AFF9BFFEA9A74DE3D" masterDocTitle="Studies on South-east Asian fireflies: Abscondita, a new genus with details of life history, flashing patterns and behaviour of Abs. chinensis (L.) and Abs. terminalis (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Lampyridae: Luciolinae)" masterLastPageNumber="48" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="34" updateTime="1698351424983" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="52149049123822FC8EABE8EC06628AB0">Studies on South-east Asian fireflies: Abscondita, a new genus with details of life history, flashing patterns and behaviour of Abs. chinensis (L.) and Abs. terminalis (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Lampyridae: Luciolinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="B62B89FC5E0AF634A63051082DF2D828">Ballantyne, Lesley</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="C308217C09DFA9914FA27BED334DF1EF">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="F8E934CEBCDEC64A04CF8864F5B6DB8D">Fu, Xinhua</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D83C4AC8C76B5A918ED14B4B454AF728">Lambkin, Christine</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="1A8D233B080336ECC57AE748ACF321FA">Jeng, Ming-Luen</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9D50DF7E552A8B64F43032058FD7FE6D">Faust, Lynn</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="708B20B4813554B83AA89935F3363204">Wijekoon, W. M. C. D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7F62C68BDEDF2DF1F411CB6D72A77E10">Li, Daiqin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="45A036FD1AE752F0FB397A0DD9501962">Zhu, Tengfui</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="123FAF17EAA554054BBDB41CE01FCAF8">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="FC06EBAE7E6540E604275B4EE885F755">
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<mods:date id="3E60F7DC8C8406B4378E46EF62DD06A6">2013</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="56F61CB60FABFA7C802F5A32910645B7">3721</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="83CDC3A62B4579C4585D73443F9E9798">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="084362B7EB5FC044EF100809A52EF0D6" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3721.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="B0535F9563391DD9AA8A67F9DA8EAF84" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="02BEE1FB286BF492E04E91E7503126A1" type="Zenodo-Dep">285075</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="9B748785125C9430FF0CFAD69F22D88D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6156252" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127666099" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6156252" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9B748785125C9430FF0CFAD69F22D88D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9B748785125C9430FF0CFAD69F22D88D" lastPageId="42" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
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<subSubSection id="5BC76518125C943BFF0CFAD699EBDB81" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="13623693125C943BFF0CFAD698EBDB6B" blockId="33.[151,671,1340,1399]" box="[151,671,1340,1366]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
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<heading id="482A81FF125C943BFF0CFAD698EBDB6B" bold="true" box="[151,671,1340,1366]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="21A9EA81125C943BFF0CFAD698EBDB6B" bold="true" box="[151,671,1340,1366]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
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<taxonomicName id="D4DD4D10125C943BFF0CFAD69865DB6B" ID-CoL="8MJF" authority="Olivier" authorityName="Olivier" box="[151,529,1340,1366]" class="Insecta" family="Lampyridae" genus="Abscondita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="terminalis" status="comb. nov.">
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<emphasis id="21A9EA81125C943BFF0CFAD69BEBDB6B" bold="true" box="[151,415,1340,1366]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Abscondita terminalis</emphasis>
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(Olivier)
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="3A9A57FA125C943BFD82FAD698EBDB6B" box="[537,671,1340,1366]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="13623693125C943BFF0CFAB49B60DB4A" blockId="33.[151,671,1340,1399]" box="[151,276,1374,1399]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
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<figureCitation id="8BE62A16125C943BFF0CFAB49B60DB4A" box="[151,276,1374,1399]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 20" captionStart-1="FIGURE 21" captionStart-2="FIGURE 22" captionStart-3="FIGURE 23" captionStart-4="FIGURE 24" captionStart-5="FIGURE 25" captionStart-6="FIGURE 26" captionStart-7="FIGURE 27" captionStart-8="FIGURE 28" captionStart-9="FIGURE 29" captionStartId-0="34.[151,250,1977,1999]" captionStartId-1="35.[151,250,1110,1132]" captionStartId-2="35.[151,250,1994,2016]" captionStartId-3="36.[151,250,1112,1134]" captionStartId-4="37.[151,250,1606,1628]" captionStartId-5="38.[151,250,1936,1958]" captionStartId-6="40.[151,250,1019,1041]" captionStartId-7="41.[151,250,1237,1259]" captionStartId-8="42.[151,250,1042,1064]" captionStartId-9="43.[151,250,1981,2003]" captionTargetBox-0="[296,1273,204,1922]" captionTargetBox-1="[168,1425,193,1070]" captionTargetBox-2="[181,1403,1182,1970]" captionTargetBox-3="[417,1168,193,1089]" captionTargetBox-4="[484,1102,697,1584]" captionTargetBox-5="[150,1434,471,1914]" captionTargetBox-6="[173,1416,185,998]" captionTargetBox-7="[151,1436,195,1215]" captionTargetBox-8="[162,1428,382,1013]" captionTargetBox-9="[200,1375,216,1935]" captionTargetId-0="figure@34.[279,1305,193,1938]" captionTargetId-1="figure@35.[151,1436,193,1089]" captionTargetId-2="figure@35.[169,1417,1182,1973]" captionTargetId-3="figure@36.[417,1169,193,1090]" captionTargetId-4="figure@37.[484,1102,697,1585]" captionTargetId-5="figure@38.[148,1434,471,1915]" captionTargetId-6="figure@40.[173,1417,185,999]" captionTargetId-7="figure@41.[151,1436,195,1215]" captionTargetId-8="figure@42.[151,1435,375,1020]" captionTargetId-9="figure@43.[186,1398,195,1937]" captionTargetPageId-0="34" captionTargetPageId-1="35" captionTargetPageId-2="35" captionTargetPageId-3="36" captionTargetPageId-4="37" captionTargetPageId-5="38" captionTargetPageId-6="40" captionTargetPageId-7="41" captionTargetPageId-8="42" captionTargetPageId-9="43" captionText-0="FIGURE 20. Habitus Abscondita terminalis. A, B male; C female; D, E larva; F male pupa (A, D dorsal; B, C, E, F ventral) (Scale bar = 5 mm)." captionText-1="FIGURE 21. Distribution of Abs. terminalis in China." captionText-2="FIGURE 22. Abs. terminalis male ventral abdomen showing markings and light organs." captionText-3="FIGURE 23. Abs. terminalis male genitalia. A, B aedeagal sheath; C, D, E aedeagus (A, C dorsal; B, D ventral; E right lateral) (Scale bar = 1 mm)." captionText-4="FIGURE 24. Abs. terminalis Female reproductive system and bursa. A entire system with V 8 intact, spermatophore digesting gland to top of figure. B detail bursa hooks. (Scale bar = 1 mm). BU, bursa; SDG, spermatophore digesting gland; V, valvifer." captionText-5="FIGURE 25. Abs. terminalis fifth instar larva SEM. A, B, C head; D part of labium, maxilla and left antenna; E larva. (A anterior view slightly to one side with ventral surface uppermost; B, E, dorsal; C, D ventral). A 1 antennal segment 1; A 2 antennal segment 2; A 3 antennal segment 3; SC sensory cone; LP labial palp; G galea; MXP maxillary palpus." captionText-6="FIGURE 26. Abs. terminalis life history. A observation site-paddies (Red flag village, Wuhan city); B larvae feeding on termites Reticulitermes chinensis; C pupal cell; D male and female in copulo." captionText-7="FIGURE 27. Luminescence of pupae and adults of Abs. terminalis (Scale bar = 5 mm). A 3 - day old male pupa ventral (F 4.5, ISO 200, 266 s); B 3 - day old male pupa lateral (F 4.5, ISO 200, 439 s); C 3 - day old male pupa dorsal (F 4.5, ISO 200, 490 s); D 7 - day old female pupa ventral (F 14, ISO 800, 625 s); E, newly-emergent female adult within 3 hours (F 4.5, ISO 640, 301 s)." captionText-8="FIGURE 28. Number of emergent adults of Abs. terminalis from Laboratory rearing across a one month period (Photoperiod = 12: 12, Temperature 25 ° C, humidity 70 – 80 %.)" captionText-9="FIGURE 29. Abs. terminalis flash pattern. A flash pattern of patrolling male; B flash pattern of male perched on tip of grass; C calling signal of female." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/285095/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/285096/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/285097/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/285098/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/285099/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/285100/files/figure.png" httpUri-6="https://zenodo.org/record/285101/files/figure.png" httpUri-7="https://zenodo.org/record/285102/files/figure.png" httpUri-8="https://zenodo.org/record/285103/files/figure.png" httpUri-9="https://zenodo.org/record/285104/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Figs 20–29</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="13623693125C943BFF0CFA4C99EBDB81" blockId="33.[151,990,1446,1499]" box="[151,927,1446,1468]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
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<taxonomicName id="D4DD4D10125C943BFF0CFA4C9879DB81" authority="Olivier, 1883:330" authorityName="Olivier" authorityPageNumber="330" authorityYear="1883" box="[151,525,1446,1468]" class="Insecta" family="Lampyridae" genus="Luciola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="terminalis">
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<emphasis id="21A9EA81125C943BFF0CFA4C9B26DB81" box="[151,338,1446,1468]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Luciola terminalis</emphasis>
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Olivier, 1883:330
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</taxonomicName>
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; 1891:602; 1902:87; 1907:54; 1912:90.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="5BC76518125C943BFF0CFA2F99AADBE6" box="[151,990,1477,1499]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="description">
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<paragraph id="13623693125C943BFF0CFA2F99AADBE6" blockId="33.[151,990,1446,1499]" box="[151,990,1477,1499]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
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<taxonomicName id="D4DD4D10125C943BFF0CFA2F98E8DBE6" authority="Kiesenwetter. Gorham, 1895:305" authorityName="Kiesenwetter. Gorham" authorityPageNumber="305" authorityYear="1895" box="[151,668,1477,1499]" class="Insecta" family="Lampyridae" genus="Luciola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="praeusta">
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<emphasis id="21A9EA81125C943BFF0CFA2F9B30DBE6" box="[151,324,1477,1499]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Luciola praeusta</emphasis>
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Kiesenwetter. Gorham, 1895:305
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</taxonomicName>
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. McDermott, 1966:112. Partim.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="5BC76518125C943BFF0CF9ED9E17D879" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="13623693125C943BFF0CF9ED9E17D879" blockId="33.[151,1436,1543,2001]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
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||
<emphasis id="21A9EA81125C943BFF0CF9ED9B12D81D" bold="true" box="[151,358,1543,1568]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
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||
<typeStatus id="CC668831125C943BFF0CF9ED9AA0D81D" box="[151,212,1543,1568]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Type</typeStatus>
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.
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<collectingCountry id="6BCA7603125C943BFF44F9ED9B12D81D" box="[223,358,1543,1568]" name="Vietnam" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">VIETNAM</collectingCountry>
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</emphasis>
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: Male. Labelled 1.
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<typeStatus id="CC668831125C943BFDDBF9E2980CD81D" box="[576,632,1544,1568]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Type</typeStatus>
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(printed); 2. La Khone D’Harmand (handwritten); 3.
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<taxonomicName id="D4DD4D10125C943BFB55F9ED9FE8D81D" box="[1230,1436,1543,1568]" class="Insecta" family="Lampyridae" genus="Luciola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="terminalis">
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<emphasis id="21A9EA81125C943BFB55F9ED9FE8D81D" box="[1230,1436,1543,1568]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Luciola terminalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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♂,♀ (Handwritten), Ern. Oliv. (printed) (examined by Jeng
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<emphasis id="21A9EA81125C943BFCA8F9C79910D878" box="[819,868,1580,1605]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">et al</emphasis>
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||
. 2003:255). (MNHN).
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="5BC76518125C943EFF5CF9A59EABDBF3" lastPageId="36" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="diagnosis">
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||
<paragraph id="13623693125C943BFF5CF9A5990CD9EC" blockId="33.[151,1436,1543,2001]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
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<emphasis id="21A9EA81125C943BFF5CF9A59B35D855" bold="true" box="[199,321,1615,1640]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Having yellowish orange pronotum and elytra with a apical dark brown area; males distinguished most obviously from the similarly coloured
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<emphasis id="21A9EA81125C943BFD01F99E994AD8B0" box="[666,830,1652,1677]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
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Abs.
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<taxonomicName id="D4DD4D10125C943BFD4DF99E994AD8B0" box="[726,830,1652,1677]" class="Insecta" family="Lampyridae" genus="Luciola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chinensis">chinensis</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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by the colour of the abdominal ventrites (
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<taxonomicName id="D4DD4D10125C943BFAAFF99E9FE8D8B0" box="[1332,1436,1652,1677]" class="Insecta" family="Lampyridae" genus="Luciola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chinensis">
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<emphasis id="21A9EA81125C943BFAAFF99E9FE8D8B0" box="[1332,1436,1652,1677]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">chinensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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almost always have
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<date id="67631053125C943BFEE7F97D9BEAD88D" box="[380,414,1687,1712]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">V5</date>
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completely dark and few specimens have dark markings on the preceding ventrites. while
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<taxonomicName id="D4DD4D10125C943BFF0CF9569B7DD8E8" box="[151,265,1724,1749]" class="Insecta" family="Lampyridae" genus="Luciola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="terminalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="21A9EA81125C943BFF0CF9569B7DD8E8" box="[151,265,1724,1749]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">terminalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
usually has
|
||
<date id="67631053125C943BFE09F9569BC0D8E8" box="[402,436,1724,1749]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">V5</date>
|
||
with lateral dark markings and as many as 3 other ventrites similarly marked), the outline of the tip of the male aedeagal sheath sternite, and the flashing pattern which is a train of pulses. Females macropterous coloured like male; usually distinguished from females of
|
||
<emphasis id="21A9EA81125C943BFC72F8EE9EF9D920" box="[1001,1165,1796,1821]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
|
||
Abs.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D4DD4D10125C943BFBBEF8EE9EF9D920" box="[1061,1165,1796,1821]" class="Insecta" family="Lampyridae" genus="Luciola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chinensis">chinensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
by the more extensive ventral abdominal colouration (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D4DD4D10125C943BFE64F8CD9813D97D" box="[511,615,1831,1856]" class="Insecta" family="Lampyridae" genus="Luciola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chinensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="21A9EA81125C943BFE64F8CD9813D97D" box="[511,615,1831,1856]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">chinensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
females have dark markings restricted to the posterolateral areas of
|
||
<date id="67631053125C943BFAE2F8CD9FE8D97D" box="[1401,1436,1831,1856]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">V5</date>
|
||
only; most
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D4DD4D10125C943BFE85F8A69BE4D958" box="[286,400,1868,1893]" class="Insecta" family="Lampyridae" genus="Luciola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="terminalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="21A9EA81125C943BFE85F8A69BE4D958" box="[286,400,1868,1893]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">terminalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
females have dark posterolateral markings on at least
|
||
<date id="67631053125C943BFB83F8A69E49D959" box="[1048,1085,1868,1892]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">V4</date>
|
||
, 5 and sometimes more; only pattern 6 below approaches that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D4DD4D10125C943BFDAFF88598E8D9B5" box="[564,668,1903,1928]" class="Insecta" family="Lampyridae" genus="Luciola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chinensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="21A9EA81125C943BFDAFF88598E8D9B5" box="[564,668,1903,1928]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">chinensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Larvae very similar to those of
|
||
<emphasis id="21A9EA81125C943BFBB1F8859EA3D9B5" box="[1066,1239,1903,1928]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
|
||
Abs.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D4DD4D10125C943BFBFEF8859EA3D9B5" box="[1125,1239,1903,1928]" class="Insecta" family="Lampyridae" genus="Luciola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="terminalis">terminalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
with paired pale patches in the anterolateral areas of the protergum. The male flashing pattern, most often seen in paddies and open areas, is a train of pulses lasting ca 1 sec with ca 1.5 sec intervals.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="47A2661B125F9438FF0CF8539B20D9D3" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/285095/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" targetBox="[296,1273,204,1922]" targetPageId="34">
|
||
<paragraph id="13623693125F9438FF0CF8539B20D9D3" blockId="34.[151,1436,1977,2030]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<emphasis id="21A9EA81125F9438FF0CF8539B6ED9F2" bold="true" box="[151,282,1977,1999]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">FIGURE 20</emphasis>
|
||
. Habitus
|
||
<emphasis id="21A9EA81125F9438FEE5F8539811D9F2" box="[382,613,1977,1999]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D4DD4D10125F9438FEE5F8539815D9F2" box="[382,609,1977,1999]" class="Insecta" family="Lampyridae" genus="Abscondita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="terminalis">Abscondita terminalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
A, B male; C female; D, E larva; F male pupa (A, D dorsal; B, C, E, F ventral) (Scale bar= 5mm).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="47A2661B125E9439FF0CFBBC98CBDA51" box="[151,703,1110,1132]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/285096/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" targetBox="[168,1425,193,1070]" targetPageId="35">
|
||
<paragraph id="13623693125E9439FF0CFBBC98CBDA51" blockId="35.[151,703,1110,1132]" box="[151,703,1110,1132]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="21A9EA81125E9439FF0CFBBC9B6DDA51" bold="true" box="[151,281,1110,1132]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">FIGURE 21</emphasis>
|
||
. Distribution of
|
||
<emphasis id="21A9EA81125E9439FE59FBBC982FDA51" box="[450,603,1110,1132]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
Abs.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D4DD4D10125E9439FE6FFBBC982FDA51" box="[500,603,1110,1132]" class="Insecta" family="Lampyridae" genus="Abscondita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="terminalis">terminalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
in China.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="47A2661B125E9439FF0CF8209E64D9DD" box="[151,1040,1994,2016]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/285097/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" targetBox="[181,1403,1182,1970]" targetPageId="35">
|
||
<paragraph id="13623693125E9439FF0CF8209E64D9DD" blockId="35.[151,1040,1994,2016]" box="[151,1040,1994,2016]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="21A9EA81125E9439FF0CF8209B6DD9DD" bold="true" box="[151,281,1994,2016]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">FIGURE 22</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="21A9EA81125E9439FEBEF8209BCDD9DD" box="[293,441,1994,2016]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
Abs.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D4DD4D10125E9439FECAF8209BCDD9DD" box="[337,441,1994,2016]" class="Insecta" family="Lampyridae" genus="Abscondita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="terminalis">terminalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
male ventral abdomen showing markings and light organs.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="47A2661B1259943EFF0CFBB29B20DAB1" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/285098/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" targetBox="[417,1168,193,1089]" targetPageId="36">
|
||
<paragraph id="136236931259943EFF0CFBB29B20DAB1" blockId="36.[151,1436,1112,1164]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<emphasis id="21A9EA811259943EFF0CFBB29B6CDA53" bold="true" box="[151,280,1112,1134]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">FIGURE 23</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="21A9EA811259943EFEBEFBB29BCADA53" box="[293,446,1112,1134]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
Abs.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D4DD4D101259943EFECCFBB29BCADA53" box="[343,446,1112,1134]" class="Insecta" family="Lampyridae" genus="Abscondita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="terminalis">terminalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
male genitalia. A, B aedeagal sheath; C, D, E aedeagus (A, C dorsal; B, D ventral; E right lateral) (Scale bar= 1mm).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="136236931259943EFF5CFB539EABDBF3" blockId="36.[151,1436,1209,2026]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<emphasis id="21A9EA811259943EFF5CFB539BB5DAEF" bold="true" box="[199,449,1209,1234]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Specimens examined</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="8BE62A161259943EFE48FB53985DDAEC" box="[467,553,1209,1234]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="35.[151,250,1110,1132]" captionTargetBox="[168,1425,193,1070]" captionTargetId="figure@35.[151,1436,193,1089]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURE 21. Distribution of Abs. terminalis in China." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/285096/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
|
||
). Collector is X.H. Fu.
|
||
<emphasis id="21A9EA811259943EFCA7FB5399D7DAEF" bold="true" box="[828,931,1209,1234]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6BCA76031259943EFCA7FB5399EADAEF" box="[828,926,1209,1234]" name="China" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">CHINA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="76E950541259943EFC37FB509E78DAEC" box="[940,1036,1209,1233]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" precision="555" value="30.38">N 30.38</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="76E950541259943EFB81FB509EF4DAEC" box="[1050,1152,1209,1233]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" precision="555" value="114.32">E 114.32</geoCoordinate>
|
||
Hubei Province, Wuhan City, Liufang Street,
|
||
<specimenCount id="05DBFD1A1259943EFE19FB349B9DDACB" box="[386,489,1245,1270]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="male">49 males</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="05DBFD1A1259943EFE6EFB349810DACB" box="[501,612,1245,1270]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="female">3 females</specimenCount>
|
||
.
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="76E950541259943EFDF4FB3498AEDACB" box="[623,730,1245,1270]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" precision="55" value="26.264">N 26.264</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="76E950541259943EFD7EFB34993DDACB" box="[741,841,1245,1270]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" precision="555" value="117.64">E 117.64</geoCoordinate>
|
||
Fujian Province, Samming City
|
||
<specimenCount id="05DBFD1A1259943EFB21FB349F56DACB" box="[1210,1314,1245,1270]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="male">10 males</specimenCount>
|
||
.
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="76E950541259943EFAB6FB349FECDACB" box="[1325,1432,1246,1270]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" precision="55" value="24.918">N 24.918</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="76E950541259943EFF0CFAE89A8FDB27" box="[151,251,1281,1306]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" precision="555" value="118.59">E 118.59</geoCoordinate>
|
||
Fujian province Quanzhou City
|
||
<specimenCount id="05DBFD1A1259943EFDF0FAEB98B0DB27" box="[619,708,1281,1306]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="male">4 males</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="05DBFD1A1259943EFD4BFAEB9934DB27" box="[720,832,1281,1306]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="female">3 females</specimenCount>
|
||
.
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="76E950541259943EFCD1FAE899C1DB27" box="[842,949,1281,1306]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" precision="55" value="24.514">N 24.514</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="76E950541259943EFC5AFAE89E51DB27" box="[961,1061,1281,1306]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" precision="555" value="117.65">E 117.65</geoCoordinate>
|
||
Fujian province Changtai county Zhangzhou City
|
||
<specimenCount id="05DBFD1A1259943EFEC1FACC9BCCDB03" box="[346,440,1317,1342]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
|
||
.
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="76E950541259943EFE5DFACC9853DB03" box="[454,551,1318,1342]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" precision="555" value="22.97">N 22.97</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="76E950541259943EFDAEFACC98E9DB03" box="[565,669,1317,1342]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" precision="555" value="115.33">E 115.33</geoCoordinate>
|
||
Fujian province Haifeng County, Shanwei City male.
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="76E950541259943EFA80FACC9F08DB03" box="[1307,1404,1318,1342]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" precision="555" value="21.92">N 21.92</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="76E950541259943EFA10FACC9A90DB5C" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" precision="555" value="101.28">E 101.28</geoCoordinate>
|
||
Yunnan Province, Jinghong City, Xishuangbanna Botanical Garden
|
||
<specimenCount id="05DBFD1A1259943EFB9BFAA39E0CDB5F" box="[1024,1144,1353,1378]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="male">189 males</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="05DBFD1A1259943EFB1CFAA39F63DB5F" box="[1159,1303,1353,1378]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="female">378 females</specimenCount>
|
||
. Additional specimens examined:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6BCA76031259943EFE0AFA879B9CDBBB" box="[401,488,1389,1414]" name="Taiwan" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
: Taipei Co., Hwangshi, 29.
|
||
<date id="676310531259943EFCBEFA8499EBDBBB" box="[805,927,1390,1414]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" value="1997-04-02">
|
||
Iv. 1997,
|
||
<specimenCount id="05DBFD1A1259943EFC0AFA8499EBDBBB" box="[913,927,1390,1414]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="male">2</specimenCount>
|
||
</date>
|
||
males, M. F. Chen. Taipei Co., Guangshing, 26.
|
||
<date id="676310531259943EFF5AFA7B9B30DB94" box="[193,324,1425,1450]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" value="1997-07-01">
|
||
Vii. 1997,
|
||
<specimenCount id="05DBFD1A1259943EFEADFA7B9B30DB94" box="[310,324,1425,1449]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="male">1</specimenCount>
|
||
</date>
|
||
male, M. F. Chen. Taipei Co., Guangshing, 27.
|
||
<date id="676310531259943EFCC0FA7B99ABDB97" box="[859,991,1425,1450]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" value="1997-07-06">
|
||
Vii. 1997,
|
||
<specimenCount id="05DBFD1A1259943EFC4AFA7B99ABDB97" box="[977,991,1425,1450]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="male">6</specimenCount>
|
||
</date>
|
||
males,
|
||
<specimenCount id="05DBFD1A1259943EFBAEFA7B9EEDDB97" box="[1077,1177,1425,1450]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
, C. C. Chang. Taoyuan Co., Dashi, 4.
|
||
<date id="676310531259943EFEA3FA5C9BDBDBF3" box="[312,431,1462,1486]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" value="1998-04-01">
|
||
Iv. 1998,
|
||
<specimenCount id="05DBFD1A1259943EFE3AFA5C9BDBDBF3" box="[417,431,1462,1486]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="male">1</specimenCount>
|
||
</date>
|
||
male, Y. J. Chen. Taoyuan Co., Dashi, 20.
|
||
<date id="676310531259943EFC0AFA5C9E70DBF3" box="[913,1028,1462,1486]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" value="1998-05-01">
|
||
V. 1998,
|
||
<specimenCount id="05DBFD1A1259943EFC6DFA5C9E70DBF3" box="[1014,1028,1462,1486]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="female">1</specimenCount>
|
||
</date>
|
||
female, Y. J. Chen.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="5BC765181259943CFF5CFA3398FDDF90" lastPageId="38" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="136236931259943FFF5CFA339BC3DCB9" blockId="36.[151,1436,1209,2026]" lastBlockId="37.[151,1436,151,645]" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<emphasis id="21A9EA811259943EFF5CFA339B70DBCF" bold="true" box="[199,260,1497,1522]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Male</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<quantity id="D4259B761259943EFE8CFA339BC5DBCC" box="[279,433,1497,1521]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0050000000000001" metricValueMax="1.1300000000000001" metricValueMin="0.8800000000000001" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" unit="mm" value="10.05" valueMax="11.3" valueMin="8.8">8.8–11.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
long;
|
||
<quantity id="D4259B761259943EFD98FA3398E4DBCC" box="[515,656,1497,1522]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" metricValueMax="4.2" metricValueMin="2.6" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" unit="mm" value="3.4" valueMax="4.2" valueMin="2.6">2.6–4.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide (variation shown in Table 10).
|
||
<emphasis id="21A9EA811259943EFBCEFA339ED0DBCF" box="[1109,1188,1497,1522]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Colour</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="8BE62A161259943EFB23FA339F67DBCC" box="[1208,1299,1497,1522]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1977,1999]" captionTargetBox="[296,1273,204,1922]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[279,1305,193,1938]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 20. Habitus Abscondita terminalis. A, B male; C female; D, E larva; F male pupa (A, D dorsal; B, C, E, F ventral) (Scale bar = 5 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/285095/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Figs 20</figureCitation>
|
||
A, B; 22): Pronotum orange yellow except for narrow median sulcus sometimes appearing reddish yellow; MS and semitransparent elytra orange yellow, except for apical dark brown area (0.6 of total length) and paler suture with underlying fat body along most of its length; MN paler yellow with underlying fat body contributing to colour; head between eyes, antennae and palpi dark brown; ventral thorax orange yellow; all legs orange yellow except for brown tips of femora and dark brown tibiae and tarsi; abdomen orange yellow with ventral brown markings as follows (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8BE62A161259943EFF66F95B9B25D8F4" box="[253,337,1713,1738]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="35.[151,250,1994,2016]" captionTargetBox="[181,1403,1182,1970]" captionTargetId="figure@35.[169,1417,1182,1973]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURE 22. Abs. terminalis male ventral abdomen showing markings and light organs." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/285097/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
|
||
) (number of males in brackets): 1. (
|
||
<date id="676310531259943EFD63F95B996FD8F7" box="[760,795,1713,1738]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">V5</date>
|
||
completely dark,
|
||
<date id="676310531259943EFC75F95B9E64D8F4" box="[1006,1040,1713,1737]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">V3</date>
|
||
with posterolateral drak markings separated by <their width,
|
||
<date id="676310531259943EFE50F93C9B98D8D3" box="[459,492,1750,1774]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">V3</date>
|
||
with posterolateral dark markings separated by> their width) Mt Jigong (2). 2. (
|
||
<date id="676310531259943EFAE3F93F9FE8D8D3" box="[1400,1436,1749,1774]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">V5</date>
|
||
completely dark except for a narrow paler anterior margin,
|
||
<date id="676310531259943EFCDCF9139918D92C" box="[839,876,1785,1809]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">V3</date>
|
||
, 4 with isolated single posterolateral dark spots) Longxi County Samming City (10). 3. (As for pattern 2 except dark marking in
|
||
<date id="676310531259943EFBD8F8F79E11D90B" box="[1091,1125,1821,1846]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">V5</date>
|
||
retracted from all margins (possibly a consequence of dehydration) Quanzhou City (1). 4. (
|
||
<date id="676310531259943EFC15F8AB99C5D967" box="[910,945,1857,1882]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">V5</date>
|
||
completely dark except for small median emarginations along anterior and posterior borders) Jinghong City Botanical Gardens (21). 5. (
|
||
<date id="676310531259943EFA84F88F9F36D943" box="[1311,1346,1893,1918]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">V5</date>
|
||
almost completely dark except for narrow pale median area,
|
||
<date id="676310531259943EFD6DF863996CD99C" box="[758,792,1929,1953]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">V3</date>
|
||
with lateral dark areas separated by <their width,
|
||
<date id="676310531259943EFAC7F8639FF5D99C" box="[1372,1409,1929,1953]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">V2</date>
|
||
, 3 with small posterolateral dark markings) Mt Lianhua Haifeng county (1). 6. (
|
||
<date id="676310531259943EFB81F8479E49D9FB" box="[1050,1085,1965,1990]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">V5</date>
|
||
with extensive dark markings separated in middle by <their width and almost continuous along posterior margin) Changtai county (2); Quanzhou City (3). 7. (
|
||
<date id="676310531258943FFE03FF7D9BCFDE8D" box="[408,443,151,176]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">V5</date>
|
||
dark laterally, markings separated by less than their width,
|
||
<date id="676310531258943FFBD4FF729E00DE8D" box="[1103,1140,152,176]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">V3</date>
|
||
, 4 with posterolateral dark spots) Jinghong City Botanical gardens (168);
|
||
<typeStatus id="CC6688311258943FFD30FF5798AFDEE8" box="[683,731,189,213]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">type</typeStatus>
|
||
male. 8. (
|
||
<date id="676310531258943FFCCBFF569900DEE9" box="[848,884,188,212]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">V3</date>
|
||
, 4, 5 with posterolateral dark areas separated by their width (in
|
||
<date id="676310531258943FFED8FF359B12DEC5" box="[323,358,223,248]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">V5</date>
|
||
) or <in
|
||
<date id="676310531258943FFE56FF0A9B86DEC5" box="[461,498,224,248]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">V3</date>
|
||
, 4) Wuhan City Liufang St. (49). LO in
|
||
<date id="676310531258943FFC59FF359993DEC5" box="[962,999,223,248]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">V6</date>
|
||
, 7 very white, with very narrow black lateral margins of
|
||
<date id="676310531258943FFEFDFEEE9BFEDF20" box="[358,394,260,285]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">V6</date>
|
||
, and lateral and posterior margins of
|
||
<date id="676310531258943FFCA8FEEF9921DF21" box="[819,853,261,284]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">V7</date>
|
||
usually appearing black; T5, 6, 7, 8 black, T5 very dark brown across most of median area, remaining tergite colouration patterns as follows: 1. (T2, 3, 4 having mottled dark brown markings across most of surface) Jinghong City Gardens 127/189, Liufang Street 49/49; Meishan Town 2/4, Zhangzhou City ½, Samming City 10/10; 2. (mottled brown markings restricted to T4, remainder pale semitransparent yellowish) Jionghong City gardens 62/189, Meishan Town 2/4, Zhangzhou City 1/ 2; dorsally reflexed lateral and posterior margins of
|
||
<date id="676310531258943FFD44FE529977DFF2" box="[735,771,440,463]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">V7</date>
|
||
, and lateral margins of
|
||
<date id="676310531258943FFB97FE5D9E5ADFED" box="[1036,1070,439,464]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">V6</date>
|
||
black, of
|
||
<date id="676310531258943FFB05FE5D9EB5DFED" box="[1182,1217,439,464]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">V5</date>
|
||
black with anterior ¼ or less pale; remainder of reflexed margins pale brown. Pronotum:
|
||
<quantity id="D4259B761258943FFC33FE369E38DFC9" box="[936,1100,476,501]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.15" metricValueMin="1.35" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="1.75" valueMax="2.15" valueMin="1.35">1.35–2.15 mm</quantity>
|
||
long;
|
||
<quantity id="D4259B761258943FFB0FFE369F68DFC9" box="[1172,1308,476,501]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="3.0" valueMax="3.5" valueMin="2.5">2.5–3.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide; W/L 1.6–1.9. Elytron:
|
||
<quantity id="D4259B761258943FFEF2FDEA9B82DC2A" box="[361,502,512,536]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.2" metricValueMax="9.3" metricValueMin="7.1" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="8.2" valueMax="9.3" valueMin="7.1">7.1–9.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
long. Head: GHW 1.9–2.7; SIW
|
||
<quantity id="D4259B761258943FFC0FFE159E35DC2A" box="[916,1089,511,536]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="6.5" metricValueMin="4.5" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="0.55" valueMax="0.65" valueMin="0.45">0.45–0.65 mm</quantity>
|
||
; ASD> ASW. Apical labial palpomere with 3 or 4 teeth along the inner margin; 3 teeth in all populations except 137/378 from Jinghong City Gardens, where males have 4 teeth. Aedeagal sheath with sternite terminated by two elongate apically rounded, hairy lobes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8BE62A161258943FFEB9FD869B1FDCB8" box="[290,363,620,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="36.[151,250,1112,1134]" captionTargetBox="[417,1168,193,1089]" captionTargetId="figure@36.[417,1169,193,1090]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURE 23. Abs. terminalis male genitalia. A, B aedeagal sheath; C, D, E aedeagus (A, C dorsal; B, D ventral; E right lateral) (Scale bar = 1 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/285098/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Fig.23</figureCitation>
|
||
A, B).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="47A2661B1258943FFF0CF9AC9FF4D846" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/285099/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" targetBox="[484,1102,697,1584]" targetPageId="37">
|
||
<paragraph id="136236931258943FFF0CF9AC9FF4D846" blockId="37.[151,1436,1606,1659]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<emphasis id="21A9EA811258943FFF0CF9AC9B54D861" bold="true" box="[151,288,1606,1628]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">FIGURE 24.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="21A9EA811258943FFEBDF9AC9BB5D861" box="[294,449,1606,1628]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
Abs.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D4DD4D101258943FFEC1F9AC9BB5D861" box="[346,449,1606,1628]" class="Insecta" family="Lampyridae" genus="Abscondita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="terminalis">terminalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Female reproductive system and bursa. A entire system with V8 intact, spermatophore digesting gland to top of figure. B detail bursa hooks. (Scale bar= 1mm). BU, bursa; SDG, spermatophore digesting gland; V, valvifer.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="136236931258943CFF5CF94D9E06DF58" blockId="37.[151,1436,1703,2016]" lastBlockId="38.[151,1436,151,429]" lastPageId="38" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<emphasis id="21A9EA811258943FFF5CF94D9B51D8FD" bold="true" box="[199,293,1703,1728]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Female.</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity id="D4259B761258943FFEB4F9429BB0D882" box="[303,452,1704,1728]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.155" metricValueMax="1.3199999999999998" metricValueMin="0.99" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="11.55" valueMax="13.2" valueMin="9.9">9.9–13.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
long;
|
||
<quantity id="D4259B761258943FFD8BF94298ECD882" box="[528,664,1704,1728]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" metricValueMax="4.7" metricValueMin="1.9" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="3.3" valueMax="4.7" valueMin="1.9">1.9–4.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide; (variation shown in Table 11); macropterous and observed in flight.
|
||
<emphasis id="21A9EA811258943FFF44F9219B41D8D9" box="[223,309,1739,1764]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Colour:</emphasis>
|
||
as for male with these exceptions—ventrites anterior to LO yellow with posterolateral brown markings on
|
||
<date id="676310531258943FFF23F9059A81D935" box="[184,245,1775,1800]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">V2–5</date>
|
||
(Only pattern 4 below has dark markings restricted to
|
||
<date id="676310531258943FFCDDF905991ED935" box="[838,874,1775,1800]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">V5</date>
|
||
), patterns as follows: Abdomen orange yellow with ventral brown markings as follows (number of females in brackets): 1. (dark lateral markings
|
||
<date id="676310531258943FFB00F8F99EA1D911" box="[1179,1237,1811,1836]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">V2-5</date>
|
||
, widest in
|
||
<date id="676310531258943FFAD0F8F99F1AD911" box="[1355,1390,1811,1836]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">V5</date>
|
||
and separated by their width) Jinghong City Botanical Gardens (138). 2. (As for 1 but markings in
|
||
<date id="676310531258943FFB2EF8DD9E99D96D" box="[1205,1261,1847,1872]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">V3-5</date>
|
||
only) Jinghong City Botanical Gardens (190); Quanzhou City (3). 3. (reduced dark lateral markings in
|
||
<date id="676310531258943FFBCFF8B69E03D949" box="[1108,1143,1884,1908]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">V4</date>
|
||
, 5 only separated by twice their width) Jinghong City Botanical Gardens (20); Wuhan City Liufang St. (1). 4. (dark markings posterolateral corners
|
||
<date id="676310531258943FFF6AF8499B67D981" box="[241,275,1955,1980]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">V5</date>
|
||
only) Wuhan City Liufang St. (2). 5. (dark lateral markings not discernable) Jinghong City Botanical Gardens (30). Tergite colouration patterns as follows: 1. (T7, 8 pale; T6 dark brown with median pale area; T5 dark brown) Jinghong City Gardens 39/378; Liufang St 1/3. 2. (T7, 8 pale; T6, 7 entirely dark brown; T5 dusky brown) Jinghong City Gardens 157/378; Liufang St 2/3; Mt Lianhua 1/1. 3. (As for 2 with dusky markings on T2, 3) Jinghong City Gardens 182/378; Meishan town 3/3.white LO confined to
|
||
<date id="67631053125B943CFCF8FF3599F2DEC5" box="[867,902,223,248]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">V6</date>
|
||
, all abdominal tergites yellow. Pronotum:
|
||
<quantity id="D4259B76125B943CFAC5FF359A99DF21" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.075" metricValueMax="2.4" metricValueMin="1.75" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" unit="mm" value="2.075" valueMax="2.4" valueMin="1.75">1.75– 2.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
long,
|
||
<quantity id="D4259B76125B943CFEACFEEE9BC9DF21" box="[311,445,260,284]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.65" metricValueMax="4.1" metricValueMin="3.2" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" unit="mm" value="3.65" valueMax="4.1" valueMin="3.2">3.2–4.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide. Elytron:
|
||
<quantity id="D4259B76125B943CFDF5FEEE9977DF21" box="[622,771,260,284]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.55" metricValueMax="10.9" metricValueMin="8.2" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" unit="mm" value="9.55" valueMax="10.9" valueMin="8.2">8.2–10.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
long. Head: GHW
|
||
<quantity id="D4259B76125B943CFC79FEEE9E18DF21" box="[994,1132,260,284]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="2.3" metricValueMin="1.7" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" unit="mm" value="2.0" valueMax="2.3" valueMin="1.7">1.7–2.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
; SIW
|
||
<quantity id="D4259B76125B943CFB2EFEEE9F4ADF21" box="[1205,1342,260,285]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" unit="mm" value="0.6" valueMax="0.7" valueMin="0.5">0.5–0.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
; ASD> ASW; antennae almost always slightly longer than
|
||
<date id="67631053125B943CFD4DFEC2988FDF02" box="[726,763,296,320]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">2 x</date>
|
||
GHW. Mouthparts: apical labial palpomere with three teeth along inner margins except for 137/
|
||
<specimenCount id="05DBFD1A125B943CFD86FEA698D7DF58" box="[541,675,332,357]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="female">378 females</specimenCount>
|
||
from Jinghong City Gardens with 4 teeth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="13623693125B943CFF5CFE8598FDDF90" blockId="38.[151,1436,151,429]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<emphasis id="21A9EA81125B943CFF5CFE859B64DFB5" bold="true" box="[199,272,367,392]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Larva</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="8BE62A16125B943CFEBBFE859B03DFB5" box="[288,375,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1977,1999]" captionTargetBox="[296,1273,204,1922]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[279,1305,193,1938]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 20. Habitus Abscondita terminalis. A, B male; C female; D, E larva; F male pupa (A, D dorsal; B, C, E, F ventral) (Scale bar = 5 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/285095/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Figs 20</figureCitation>
|
||
D, E; 25). Paired pale patches in the anterolateral areas of the protergum, similar to larva of
|
||
<emphasis id="21A9EA81125B943CFF0CFE7E9B43DF90" box="[151,311,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
Abs.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D4DD4D10125B943CFF54FE7E9B43DF90" box="[207,311,404,429]" class="Insecta" family="Lampyridae" genus="Luciola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chinensis">chinensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and not distinguished from it.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="47A2661B125B943CFF0CF87A9E8CD9DE" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/285100/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" targetBox="[150,1434,471,1914]" targetPageId="38">
|
||
<paragraph id="13623693125B943CFF0CF87A9E8CD9DE" blockId="38.[151,1435,1936,2019]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<emphasis id="21A9EA81125B943CFF0CF87A9B6FD99B" bold="true" box="[151,283,1936,1958]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">FIGURE 25</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="21A9EA81125B943CFEB1F87A9BB2D99B" box="[298,454,1936,1958]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
Abs.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D4DD4D10125B943CFEC4F87A9BB2D99B" box="[351,454,1936,1958]" class="Insecta" family="Lampyridae" genus="Abscondita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="terminalis">terminalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
fifth instar larva SEM. A, B, C head; D part of labium, maxilla and left antenna; E larva. (A anterior view slightly to one side with ventral surface uppermost; B, E, dorsal; C, D ventral). A1 antennal segment 1; A2 antennal segment 2; A3 antennal segment 3; SC sensory cone; LP labial palp; G galea; MXP maxillary palpus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="47A2661B12559432FF0CFC1199D3DA0D" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/285101/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" targetBox="[173,1416,185,998]" targetPageId="40">
|
||
<paragraph id="1362369312559432FF0CFC1199D3DA0D" blockId="40.[151,1435,1019,1072]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<emphasis id="21A9EA8112559432FF0CFC119B69DA2C" bold="true" box="[151,285,1019,1041]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">FIGURE 26</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="21A9EA8112559432FEB6FC119BBFDA2C" box="[301,459,1019,1041]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
Abs.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D4DD4D1012559432FEFFFC119BBFDA2C" box="[356,459,1019,1041]" class="Insecta" family="Lampyridae" genus="Abscondita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="terminalis">terminalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
life history. A observation site-paddies (Red flag village, Wuhan city); B larvae feeding on termites
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D4DD4D1012559432FF74FBF09B91DA0D" box="[239,485,1050,1072]" class="Insecta" family="Rhinotermitidae" genus="Reticulitermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chinensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="21A9EA8112559432FF74FBF09B91DA0D" box="[239,485,1050,1072]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Reticulitermes chinensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; C pupal cell; D male and female in copulo.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="5BC7651812559430FF5CFBBD9810DF7E" lastPageId="42" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="1362369312559432FF5CFBBD9BD3D879" blockId="40.[151,1436,1111,1604]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<emphasis id="21A9EA8112559432FF5CFBBD9B53DA4D" box="[199,295,1111,1136]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Biology:</emphasis>
|
||
Larvae, active on the wet soils of the paddies and grass margins (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8BE62A1612559432FB93FBBD9E38DA4D" box="[1032,1100,1111,1136]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1595,1617]" captionTargetBox="[372,1215,434,1573]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[372,1216,434,1573]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 6. Habitats. A, Abs. chinensis (Mt. Dabie, Yingshan City, Hubei Province) and B, Abs. terminalis (Red flag village, Wuhan City, Hubei Province)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/285081/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
B;
|
||
<figureCitation id="8BE62A1612559432FBF7FBBD9ECADA4D" box="[1132,1214,1111,1136]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="40.[151,250,1019,1041]" captionTargetBox="[173,1416,185,998]" captionTargetId="figure@40.[173,1417,185,999]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURE 26. Abs. terminalis life history. A observation site-paddies (Red flag village, Wuhan city); B larvae feeding on termites Reticulitermes chinensis; C pupal cell; D male and female in copulo." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/285101/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Fig. 26</figureCitation>
|
||
A), attacked and ate both living and dead ants and small insects. In the laboratory, larvae preyed on termites (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D4DD4D1012559432FB11FB919B59DA85" authority="Snyder, 1923" authorityName="Snyder" authorityYear="1923" class="Insecta" family="Rhinotermitidae" genus="Reticulitermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chinensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="21A9EA8112559432FB11FB919FE8DAA9" box="[1162,1436,1147,1172]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Reticulitermes chinensis</emphasis>
|
||
Snyder, 1923
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
)(
|
||
<figureCitation id="8BE62A1612559432FEA6FB759BFBDA85" box="[317,399,1183,1208]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="40.[151,250,1019,1041]" captionTargetBox="[173,1416,185,998]" captionTargetId="figure@40.[173,1417,185,999]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURE 26. Abs. terminalis life history. A observation site-paddies (Red flag village, Wuhan city); B larvae feeding on termites Reticulitermes chinensis; C pupal cell; D male and female in copulo." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/285101/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Fig. 26</figureCitation>
|
||
B) and adult scuttle flies (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D4DD4D1012559432FD35FB759E65DA85" authority="Loew, 1866" authorityName="Loew" authorityYear="1866" box="[686,1041,1183,1208]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Megaselia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scalaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="21A9EA8112559432FD35FB7599F7DA85" box="[686,899,1183,1208]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Megaselia scalaris</emphasis>
|
||
Loew, 1866
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Captive larvae fed on fresh-killed mealworms (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D4DD4D1012559432FEB1FB299B92DAE1" box="[298,486,1219,1244]" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Tenebrio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="molitor">
|
||
<emphasis id="21A9EA8112559432FEB1FB299B92DAE1" box="[298,486,1219,1244]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Tenebrio molitor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Cannibalism was observed when larvae lacked food. Larvae, which were observed glowing both in the wild and the laboratory, had six instars, taking almost a year to mature (
|
||
<tableCitation id="5E5F032812559432FB39FB0D9F7CDB3D" box="[1186,1288,1255,1280]" captionStart="TABLE 12" captionStartId="40.[151,239,1646,1669]" captionTargetBox="[159,1430,1772,2013]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="TABLE 12. Development of larval Abs. terminalis." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/47A2661B12559432FF0CF98498C9D8B8" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" tableUuid="47A2661B12559432FF0CF98498C9D8B8">Table 12</tableCitation>
|
||
). Final instar larvae constructed pupal cells in soil taken from the collection site (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8BE62A1612559432FC1DFAE199A3DB19" box="[902,983,1291,1316]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="40.[151,250,1019,1041]" captionTargetBox="[173,1416,185,998]" captionTargetId="figure@40.[173,1417,185,999]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURE 26. Abs. terminalis life history. A observation site-paddies (Red flag village, Wuhan city); B larvae feeding on termites Reticulitermes chinensis; C pupal cell; D male and female in copulo." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/285101/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Fig. 26</figureCitation>
|
||
C) with pupal period averaging 10.1±1.4 days (n=20). Pupae were observed (after 3 minutes of dark adaption) to emit a continuous pale luminescent glow from the entire body except the darkened compound eyes and hind wings (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8BE62A1612559432FC48FAB99E57DB51" box="[979,1059,1363,1388]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="41.[151,250,1237,1259]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1215]" captionTargetId="figure@41.[151,1436,195,1215]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURE 27. Luminescence of pupae and adults of Abs. terminalis (Scale bar = 5 mm). A 3 - day old male pupa ventral (F 4.5, ISO 200, 266 s); B 3 - day old male pupa lateral (F 4.5, ISO 200, 439 s); C 3 - day old male pupa dorsal (F 4.5, ISO 200, 490 s); D 7 - day old female pupa ventral (F 14, ISO 800, 625 s); E, newly-emergent female adult within 3 hours (F 4.5, ISO 640, 301 s)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/285102/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Fig. 27</figureCitation>
|
||
A, B, C, D). The bodies of newlyemergent adults were also observed weakly glowing (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8BE62A1612559432FD66FA9D9926DBAD" box="[765,850,1399,1424]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="41.[151,250,1237,1259]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1215]" captionTargetId="figure@41.[151,1436,195,1215]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURE 27. Luminescence of pupae and adults of Abs. terminalis (Scale bar = 5 mm). A 3 - day old male pupa ventral (F 4.5, ISO 200, 266 s); B 3 - day old male pupa lateral (F 4.5, ISO 200, 439 s); C 3 - day old male pupa dorsal (F 4.5, ISO 200, 490 s); D 7 - day old female pupa ventral (F 14, ISO 800, 625 s); E, newly-emergent female adult within 3 hours (F 4.5, ISO 640, 301 s)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/285102/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Fig. 27</figureCitation>
|
||
E), though this luminescence gradually disappeared after ca 3 hours when sclerotization was complete. Eclosing males exhibited protandry and a 1.06:1.00 sex ratio of male (n=85) to female (n=80)(
|
||
<figureCitation id="8BE62A1612559432FE6BFA559831DBE5" box="[496,581,1471,1496]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="42.[151,250,1042,1064]" captionTargetBox="[162,1428,382,1013]" captionTargetId="figure@42.[151,1435,375,1020]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="FIGURE 28. Number of emergent adults of Abs. terminalis from Laboratory rearing across a one month period (Photoperiod = 12: 12, Temperature 25 ° C, humidity 70 – 80 %.)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/285103/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Fig. 28</figureCitation>
|
||
). Laboratory-reared males (n=10) could mate twice but females only mated once (n=10) in 24 hours. Mated females (n=15) laid an average of 47.6±3.7 eggs individually. Eggs hatched 17 to 22 days later. In captivity, the mean life span of males (n=17) was 10.2±1.8 days while female (n=14) span averaged 11.9±1.7 days.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="47A2661B12559432FF0CF98498C9D8B8" ID-Table-UUID="47A2661B12559432FF0CF98498C9D8B8" box="[151,701,1645,1669]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/47A2661B12559432FF0CF98498C9D8B8" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" targetBox="[159,1430,1772,2013]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="40">
|
||
<paragraph id="1362369312559432FF0CF98498C9D8B8" blockId="40.[151,701,1645,1669]" box="[151,701,1645,1669]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<emphasis id="21A9EA8112559432FF0CF9849B63D8B8" bold="true" box="[151,279,1646,1669]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">TABLE 12.</emphasis>
|
||
Development of larval
|
||
<emphasis id="21A9EA8112559432FD8FF98798C2D8B8" box="[532,694,1645,1669]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
Abs.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D4DD4D1012559432FDD1F98798C2D8B8" box="[586,694,1645,1669]" class="Insecta" family="Lampyridae" genus="Abscondita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="terminalis">terminalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="1362369312559432FF04F94B9FE2D88A" blockId="40.[159,1430,1697,1749]" box="[159,1430,1697,1719]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">instar Number (n) Body length Body width (mm) Head width (mm) Pronotum width Instar period (d) *</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1362369312559432FE50F9559E14D8E8" blockId="40.[159,1430,1697,1749]" box="[459,1120,1727,1749]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">(mm) * * * (mm)*</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1362369312559432FF04F9049F33D9E7" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<table id="61DDC43312556BE5FF04F9069FE2D9E0" box="[159,1430,1772,2013]" gridcols="7" gridrows="6" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<tr id="ADED34D112556BE5FF04F9069FE2D939" box="[159,1430,1772,1796]" gridrow="0" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<th id="EE3C5DAD12556BE5FF04F9069AB5D939" box="[159,193,1772,1796]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">1st</th>
|
||
<th id="EE3C5DAD12556BE5FE81F9069B47D939" box="[282,307,1772,1796]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">11</th>
|
||
<th id="EE3C5DAD12556BE5FE50F906984AD939" box="[459,574,1772,1796]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">3.04±0.25</th>
|
||
<th id="EE3C5DAD12556BE5FD0AF9069883D939" box="[657,759,1772,1796]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">0.68±0.06</th>
|
||
<th id="EE3C5DAD12556BE5FCCDF90699C9D939" box="[854,957,1772,1796]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">0.29±0.03</th>
|
||
<th id="EE3C5DAD12556BE5FB87F9069EF6D939" box="[1052,1154,1772,1796]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">0.69±0.05</th>
|
||
<th id="EE3C5DAD12556BE5FB7AF9069FE2D939" box="[1249,1430,1772,1796]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">16.9±2.5</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="ADED34D112556BE5FF04F8FD9FE2D90D" box="[159,1430,1815,1840]" gridrow="1" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<th id="EE3C5DAD12556BE5FF04F8FD9AB5D90D" box="[159,193,1815,1840]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">2nd</th>
|
||
<td id="EE3C5DAD12556BE5FE81F8FD9B47D90D" box="[282,307,1815,1840]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">10</td>
|
||
<td id="EE3C5DAD12556BE5FE50F8FD984AD90D" box="[459,574,1815,1840]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">4.22±0.63</td>
|
||
<td id="EE3C5DAD12556BE5FD0AF8FD9883D90D" box="[657,759,1815,1840]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">0.99±0.07</td>
|
||
<td id="EE3C5DAD12556BE5FCCDF8FD99C9D90D" box="[854,957,1815,1840]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">0.42±0.04</td>
|
||
<td id="EE3C5DAD12556BE5FB87F8FD9EF6D90D" box="[1052,1154,1815,1840]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">1.01±0.04</td>
|
||
<td id="EE3C5DAD12556BE5FB7AF8FD9FE2D90D" box="[1249,1430,1815,1840]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">16.1±1.2</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="ADED34D112556BE5FF04F8A99FE2D964" box="[159,1430,1859,1881]" gridrow="2" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<th id="EE3C5DAD12556BE5FF04F8A99AB5D964" box="[159,193,1859,1881]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">3rd</th>
|
||
<td id="EE3C5DAD12556BE5FE81F8A99B47D964" box="[282,307,1859,1881]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">9</td>
|
||
<td id="EE3C5DAD12556BE5FE50F8A9984AD964" box="[459,574,1859,1881]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">7.29±0.50</td>
|
||
<td id="EE3C5DAD12556BE5FD0AF8A99883D964" box="[657,759,1859,1881]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">1.51±0.05</td>
|
||
<td id="EE3C5DAD12556BE5FCCDF8A999C9D964" box="[854,957,1859,1881]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">0.59±0.08</td>
|
||
<td id="EE3C5DAD12556BE5FB87F8A99EF6D964" box="[1052,1154,1859,1881]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">1.57±0.04</td>
|
||
<td id="EE3C5DAD12556BE5FB7AF8A99FE2D964" box="[1249,1430,1859,1881]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">26.7±3.1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="ADED34D112556BE5FF04F8869FE2D9B8" box="[159,1430,1900,1925]" gridrow="3" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<th id="EE3C5DAD12556BE5FF04F8869AB5D9B8" box="[159,193,1900,1925]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">4th</th>
|
||
<td id="EE3C5DAD12556BE5FE81F8869B47D9B8" box="[282,307,1900,1925]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">17</td>
|
||
<td id="EE3C5DAD12556BE5FE50F886984AD9B8" box="[459,574,1900,1925]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">11.03±0.18</td>
|
||
<td id="EE3C5DAD12556BE5FD0AF8869883D9B8" box="[657,759,1900,1925]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">2.29±0.05</td>
|
||
<td id="EE3C5DAD12556BE5FCCDF88699C9D9B8" box="[854,957,1900,1925]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">0.67±0.03</td>
|
||
<td id="EE3C5DAD12556BE5FB87F8869EF6D9B8" box="[1052,1154,1900,1925]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">2.34±0.04</td>
|
||
<td id="EE3C5DAD12556BE5FB7AF8869FE2D9B8" box="[1249,1430,1900,1925]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">29.8±3.4</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="ADED34D112556BE5FF04F8729FE2D98C" box="[159,1430,1944,1969]" gridrow="4" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<th id="EE3C5DAD12556BE5FF04F8729AB5D98C" box="[159,193,1944,1969]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">5th</th>
|
||
<td id="EE3C5DAD12556BE5FE81F8729B47D98C" box="[282,307,1944,1969]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">16</td>
|
||
<td id="EE3C5DAD12556BE5FE50F872984AD98C" box="[459,574,1944,1969]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">15.40±0.17</td>
|
||
<td id="EE3C5DAD12556BE5FD0AF8729883D98C" box="[657,759,1944,1969]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">2.72±0.06</td>
|
||
<td id="EE3C5DAD12556BE5FCCDF87299C9D98C" box="[854,957,1944,1969]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">0.76±0.03</td>
|
||
<td id="EE3C5DAD12556BE5FB87F8729EF6D98C" box="[1052,1154,1944,1969]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">2.93±0.11</td>
|
||
<td id="EE3C5DAD12556BE5FB7AF8729FE2D98C" box="[1249,1430,1944,1969]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">38.8±2.5</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="ADED34D112556BE5FF04F82E9FE2D9E0" box="[159,1430,1988,2013]" gridrow="5" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<th id="EE3C5DAD12556BE5FF04F82E9AB5D9E0" box="[159,193,1988,2013]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">6th</th>
|
||
<td id="EE3C5DAD12556BE5FE81F82E9B47D9E0" box="[282,307,1988,2013]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">12</td>
|
||
<td id="EE3C5DAD12556BE5FE50F82E984AD9E0" box="[459,574,1988,2013]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">17.40±0.40</td>
|
||
<td id="EE3C5DAD12556BE5FD0AF82E9883D9E0" box="[657,759,1988,2013]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">2.89±0.09</td>
|
||
<td id="EE3C5DAD12556BE5FCCDF82E99C9D9E0" box="[854,957,1988,2013]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">0.95±0.02</td>
|
||
<td id="EE3C5DAD12556BE5FB87F82E9EF6D9E0" box="[1052,1154,1988,2013]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">3.01±0.03</td>
|
||
<td id="EE3C5DAD12556BE5FB7AF82E9FE2D9E0" box="[1249,1430,1988,2013]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">159.5±8.8</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="47A2661B12549433FF0CFB3F9FF7DB14" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/285102/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" targetBox="[151,1436,195,1215]" targetPageId="41">
|
||
<paragraph id="1362369312549433FF0CFB3F9FF7DB14" blockId="41.[151,1436,1237,1321]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<emphasis id="21A9EA8112549433FF0CFB3F9B6DDAD6" bold="true" box="[151,281,1237,1259]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">FIGURE 27</emphasis>
|
||
. Luminescence of pupae and adults of
|
||
<emphasis id="21A9EA8112549433FD30FB3F9931DAD6" box="[683,837,1237,1259]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||
Abs.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D4DD4D1012549433FD45FB3F9931DAD6" box="[734,837,1237,1259]" class="Insecta" family="Lampyridae" genus="Abscondita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="terminalis">terminalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(Scale bar = 5mm). A 3-day old male pupa ventral (F 4.5, ISO 200, 266s); B 3-day old male pupa lateral (F 4.5, ISO 200, 439s); C 3-day old male pupa dorsal (F 4.5, ISO 200, 490s); D 7-day old female pupa ventral (F 14, ISO 800, 625s); E, newly-emergent female adult within 3 hours (F 4.5, ISO 640, 301s).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="1362369312549433FF5CFABA9F73D9F0" blockId="41.[151,1436,1360,2033]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||
Adult mating season, with one generation a year, ranged from
|
||
<date id="6763105312549433FC17FABA9E15DB55" box="[908,1121,1360,1385]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">14 May to 13 June</date>
|
||
all three years at the site in Wuhan, Hubei Province. First warm-up flashes began 27 min after sunset; first flying males flashed 33 min after sunset and continued for two hours displaying above and near the paddies, with peak display occurring one hour after sunset. When patrolling, males usually flew 2 metres high in a straight and rapid manner while flashing their mostly 4–8 pulse (range 2–13) flash trains (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8BE62A1612549433FD08FA0A9893DBC5" box="[659,743,1504,1529]" captionStart="FIGURE 29" captionStartId="43.[151,250,1981,2003]" captionTargetBox="[200,1375,216,1935]" captionTargetId="figure@43.[186,1398,195,1937]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURE 29. Abs. terminalis flash pattern. A flash pattern of patrolling male; B flash pattern of male perched on tip of grass; C calling signal of female." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/285104/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Fig. 29</figureCitation>
|
||
A). At 20.2°C and 94.4% humidity, mean flash duration of flying flashing male is 174.68±14.91 ms, interflash interval 102.65±25.68 ms, interval 1508.20±580.94 ms and rate 0.39 ±0.08 (flashes/ sec) (n=14) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8BE62A1612549433FD94F9C29816D87D" box="[527,610,1576,1601]" captionStart="FIGURE 29" captionStartId="43.[151,250,1981,2003]" captionTargetBox="[200,1375,216,1935]" captionTargetId="figure@43.[186,1398,195,1937]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURE 29. Abs. terminalis flash pattern. A flash pattern of patrolling male; B flash pattern of male perched on tip of grass; C calling signal of female." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/285104/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Fig. 29</figureCitation>
|
||
A). Females, cryptically positioned in the tall grass of the paddy margins, signalled with a fast single pulse seemingly independent of the male multi-pulse flash train. Female courtship flashes had mean durations of 236.69±43.00 ms, flash interval 367.76±165.53 ms and rate 1.81±0.56 (n=7) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8BE62A1612549433FAF5F99A9AC2D891" captionStart="FIGURE 29" captionStartId="43.[151,250,1981,2003]" captionTargetBox="[200,1375,216,1935]" captionTargetId="figure@43.[186,1398,195,1937]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURE 29. Abs. terminalis flash pattern. A flash pattern of patrolling male; B flash pattern of male perched on tip of grass; C calling signal of female." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/285104/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Fig. 29</figureCitation>
|
||
C). After two hours of flash-train flashing, few males remained in courtship flight, but many males were observed perched on the tips of grass emitting a different flash. The perched flash pattern consisted of flashing slowly via the first segment of light organ (
|
||
<date id="6763105312549433FD1BF93698D8D8C8" box="[640,684,1756,1781]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">V 6</date>
|
||
) with flash duration 238.19±73.61 ms and interval 767.39±189.67 ms (n=14) followed by a quick bright two segments of light organ (
|
||
<date id="6763105312549433FC18F8EA9986D925" box="[899,1010,1792,1817]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">V 6 and 7</date>
|
||
) with flash duration 255.17±70.56 ms and interval 238.95±117.29 (n=11) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8BE62A1612549433FDB6F8CE98F5D901" box="[557,641,1828,1853]" captionStart="FIGURE 29" captionStartId="43.[151,250,1981,2003]" captionTargetBox="[200,1375,216,1935]" captionTargetId="figure@43.[186,1398,195,1937]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURE 29. Abs. terminalis flash pattern. A flash pattern of patrolling male; B flash pattern of male perched on tip of grass; C calling signal of female." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/285104/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Fig. 29</figureCitation>
|
||
B). These perched males flashed at least one minute, paused for twenty or thirty seconds, and then repeated the perched flashes. During the field studies, one male was observed to land close to the female, mount and mate quickly within one minute. No flash dialogues were observed during copulation. In the field, an apparent changing operational sex ratio was noted with males appearing relatively more abundant early in the season and females more numerous by season’s end (unquantified observation).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1362369312549430FF5CF8329BD8DEEA" blockId="41.[151,1436,1360,2033]" lastBlockId="42.[151,1436,151,323]" lastPageId="42" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||
Females were observed to climb on the tips of grass or open ground and flash later at night after the males had ceased flying. Bioluminescence emission was yellow (
|
||
<emphasis id="21A9EA8112579430FC92FF7D996CDE8D" bold="true" box="[777,792,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">λ</emphasis>
|
||
max =
|
||
<quantity id="D4259B7612579430FCCEFF7D99DADE8D" box="[853,942,151,176]" metricMagnitude="-7" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.6" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" unit="nm" value="560.0">560 nm</quantity>
|
||
) for both sexes (females n=6, 30 readings; males n=5, 25 readings).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1362369312579430FF5CFF099810DF7E" blockId="42.[151,1436,151,323]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
A centipede
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D4DD4D1012579430FEC4FF089945DEC6" authority="Koch" authorityName="Koch" box="[351,817,226,251]" class="Chilopoda" family="Scolopendridae" genus="Scolopendra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scolopendromorpha" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="subspinipes" subSpecies="mutilans">
|
||
<emphasis id="21A9EA8112579430FEC4FF08989CDEC6" box="[351,744,226,251]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans</emphasis>
|
||
Koch
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was observed feeding on a still glowing male
|
||
<emphasis id="21A9EA8112579430FAF0FF089B7DDF22" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
Abs.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D4DD4D1012579430FF0CFEEC9B7DDF22" box="[151,265,262,287]" class="Insecta" family="Lampyridae" genus="Abscondita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="terminalis">terminalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. However, observation revealed that nocturnal orb-weaver spiders including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D4DD4D1012579430FBE1FEED9F6FDF22" box="[1146,1307,263,287]" class="Insecta" family="Lampyridae" genus="Abscondita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ventricosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="21A9EA8112579430FBE1FEED9F6FDF22" box="[1146,1307,263,287]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">A. ventricosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were more common predators of the courting males.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="47A2661B12579430FF0CFBF8981ADA7A" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/285103/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" targetBox="[162,1428,382,1013]" targetPageId="42">
|
||
<paragraph id="1362369312579430FF0CFBF8981ADA7A" blockId="42.[151,1435,1042,1095]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<emphasis id="21A9EA8112579430FF0CFBF89B6DDA15" bold="true" box="[151,281,1042,1064]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">FIGURE 28</emphasis>
|
||
. Number of emergent adults of
|
||
<emphasis id="21A9EA8112579430FDC6FBF89883DA15" box="[605,759,1042,1064]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
Abs.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D4DD4D1012579430FD0BFBF89883DA15" box="[656,759,1042,1064]" class="Insecta" family="Lampyridae" genus="Abscondita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="terminalis">terminalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
from Laboratory rearing across a one month period (Photoperiod= 12:12, Temperature 25 °C, humidity 70–80%.)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="5BC7651812579430FF5CFB849F22D88D" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="1362369312579430FF5CFB8499BCDAF2" blockId="42.[151,1436,1134,1483]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<emphasis id="21A9EA8112579430FF5CFB849B40DABA" bold="true" box="[199,308,1134,1159]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
. As with the preceding species we are basing our identifications of this species by comparison with Jeng
|
||
<emphasis id="21A9EA8112579430FF4BFB799B7CDA96" box="[208,264,1170,1195]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2003), who differentiated between the Taiwanese populations of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D4DD4D1012579430FC73FB789E2EDA96" box="[1000,1114,1170,1195]" class="Insecta" family="Lampyridae" genus="Abscondita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="terminalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="21A9EA8112579430FC73FB789E2EDA96" box="[1000,1114,1170,1195]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">terminalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D4DD4D1012579430FB15FB799E84DA97" box="[1166,1264,1171,1194]" class="Insecta" family="Lampyridae" genus="Luciola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="praeusta">
|
||
<emphasis id="21A9EA8112579430FB15FB799E84DA97" box="[1166,1264,1171,1194]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">praeusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
using the same features of abdominal colour and aedeagal sheath features as we do here.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1362369312579430FF5CFB309F44DB62" blockId="42.[151,1436,1134,1483]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
Yiu Vor dissected specimens he identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D4DD4D1012579430FD4EFB31991CDACE" box="[725,872,1242,1267]" class="Insecta" family="Lampyridae" genus="Abscondita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="terminalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="21A9EA8112579430FD4EFB31991CDACE" box="[725,872,1242,1267]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">L. terminalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Tin Sam Tsuen and Sha Lo Tung in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6BCA760312579430FAC5FB319AA1DB2A" name="Hong Kong" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Hong Kong</collectingCountry>
|
||
and established the aedeagal sheath structure as consistent with Jeng
|
||
<emphasis id="21A9EA8112579430FC66FB159E4CDB2A" box="[1021,1080,1278,1303]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2003) (Yiu pers comm.). The male multi-pulse flash patterns and flight behaviour (May–Sept in open areas) were also consistent with our studies. He did not believe
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D4DD4D1012579430FE53FAAD9833DB63" box="[456,583,1351,1374]" class="Insecta" family="Lampyridae" genus="Luciola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="praeusta">
|
||
<emphasis id="21A9EA8112579430FE53FAAD9833DB63" box="[456,583,1351,1374]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">L. praeusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D4DD4D1012579430FDCDFAAD98A6DB62" authority="Jeng" authorityName="Jeng" box="[598,722,1351,1375]" class="Insecta" family="Lampyridae" genus="Luciola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sensu">sensu Jeng</taxonomicName>
|
||
) had yet been found in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6BCA760312579430FC41FAAD9E29DB62" box="[986,1117,1351,1375]" name="Hong Kong" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Hong Kong</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Yiu pers comm.).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1362369312579430FF5CFA819E21DBF6" blockId="42.[151,1436,1134,1483]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
Jeng’s observations on specimens he identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D4DD4D1012579430FC95FA8099F4DBBE" box="[782,896,1386,1411]" class="Insecta" family="Lampyridae" genus="Abscondita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="terminalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="21A9EA8112579430FC95FA8099F4DBBE" box="[782,896,1386,1411]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">terminalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6BCA760312579430FC31FA809988DBBE" box="[938,1020,1386,1411]" name="Taiwan" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
differ, however, and were observed from late spring to summer. Individuals preferred using semi-open fields as habitats, especially around water environments. Their males usually flew low and slow, with very bright flash in flight.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="47A2661B12579430FF0CF9F59F3ED80B" ID-Table-UUID="47A2661B12579430FF0CF9F59F3ED80B" box="[151,1354,1566,1590]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/47A2661B12579430FF0CF9F59F3ED80B" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" targetBox="[151,1397,1732,1955]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="42">
|
||
<paragraph id="1362369312579430FF0CF9F59F3ED80B" blockId="42.[151,1354,1566,1590]" box="[151,1354,1566,1590]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<emphasis id="21A9EA8112579430FF0CF9F59B63D80B" bold="true" box="[151,279,1567,1590]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">TABLE 13.</emphasis>
|
||
Flash patterns of adults of
|
||
<emphasis id="21A9EA8112579430FDA2F9F498AFD80B" box="[569,731,1566,1590]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
Abs.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D4DD4D1012579430FDF4F9F498AFD80B" box="[623,731,1566,1590]" class="Insecta" family="Lampyridae" genus="Abscondita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="terminalis">terminalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, under averaged temperature 20.2°C and humidity 94.4%.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="1362369312579430FE37F9B89F01D855" blockId="42.[159,1397,1618,1712]" box="[428,1397,1618,1640]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Number Flash duration Interflash interval Interval Rate (flashes/</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1362369312579430FE37F99B9F52D8BA" blockId="42.[159,1397,1618,1712]" box="[428,1318,1649,1671]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">measured (ms) * (ms) * (ms) * sec) *</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1362369312579430FF04F9709F22D88D" blockId="42.[159,1397,1618,1712]" box="[159,1366,1690,1712]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Flying male 14 174.68±14.91 102.65±25.68 1508.20±580.94 0.39 ±0.08</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |