194 lines
18 KiB
XML
194 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.405.7402" ID-GBIF-Dataset="57127ecf-70b4-42ab-80a8-db5c6970cc3a" ID-PMC="PMC4023268" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-405-1" ID-PubMed="24843275" ID-ZBK="0EC88104E98F4E999397DB767D38050E" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2014" ModsDocID="1313-2970-405-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 405" ModsDocTitle="Twenty-four new species of Aleiodes Wesmael from the eastern Andes of Ecuador with associated biological information (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Rogadinae)" checkinTime="1451245943323" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Shimbori, Eduardo Mitio & Shaw, Scott Richard" docDate="2014" docId="769499E4ABC6D89C2DC2222A228DE0BC" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 405: 1-81" docOrigin="ZooKeys 405" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.405.7402" docTitle="Aleiodes nubicola Shimbori & Shaw, 2014, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="198B4299-54FC-41C7-A661-CEE1AABFCB89" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="57" masterDocId="FF8C5F2CC211FFCEFFD5A74443758641" masterDocTitle="Twenty-four new species of Aleiodes Wesmael from the eastern Andes of Ecuador with associated biological information (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Rogadinae)" masterLastPageNumber="81" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="55" updateTime="1668158296605" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Twenty-four new species of Aleiodes Wesmael from the eastern Andes of Ecuador with associated biological information (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Rogadinae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Shimbori, Eduardo Mitio</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Shaw, Scott Richard</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2014</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>405</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>81</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.405.7402</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.405.7402</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-405-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">0EC88104E98F4E999397DB767D38050E</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">0EC88104E98F4E999397DB767D38050E</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152052777" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:198B4299-54FC-41C7-A661-CEE1AABFCB89" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/769499E4ABC6D89C2DC2222A228DE0BC" lastPageId="56" lastPageNumber="57" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
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<subSubSection pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/198B4299-54FC-41C7-A661-CEE1AABFCB89" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes nubicola" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nubicola">Aleiodes nubicola</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="54" pageNumber="55">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figures 84-91
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="56" lastPageNumber="57" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="description of holotype">
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<paragraph pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Description of holotype.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Female (holotype). Body length 3.8 mm; antenna length 4.9 mm; fore wing length 3.6 mm.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Color. Mostly dark brown to black. Head: gena and clypeus honey yellow; mandibles and palp whitish, but teeth brown. Mesosoma: lighter stripe, brown to reddish brown, laterally on mesopeluron; mesoscutum and scutellum mid apically yellowish; metapleuron just posteriorly whitish. Legs mostly yellowish but all tibia and tarsi brownish, hind coxa, trochanter and trochantellus dark brown to black, 1/3 basal of hind femur brown. Metasoma: ventrally, central apical T4 and remainder apical visible terga whitish to light yellow; ovipositor sheaths dark brown. Wings hyaline, veins dark brown, but some apical veins, stigma and base of fore wind M+CU and 1A light brown to almost colorless.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
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Head. Antenna with 38 antennomeres, flagellomeres roughly 2.0
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as wide, apical flagellomere lanceolate, without pointed apex; malar space moderate, length 1.65
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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basal width of mandible, and about 0.65
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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eye height; in dorsal view sub-rectangular (temples not receding), eye height 2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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temples; occipital carina complete and well defined, reaching hypostomal carina; oral space small and circular, maximum width about equal to basal width of mandible; clypeus not swollen; ocelli small,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="ocell–ocular">ocell-ocular</normalizedToken>
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distance 1.6
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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diameter of lateral ocellus; maxillary palp not swollen; head surface sculpturing finely granulate, but occiput smooth and shining.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Mesosoma. Sculpturing mostly granulate; pronotum with some wrinkles; mesopleuron anterior corner rugose; propodeum more coarsely granulate, with long mid-longitudinal carina on basal 2/3; notauli deep and crenulate anteriorly, porsteriorly meeting on depressed area; posterior margin of mesoscutum with short carina, just anterior to scutellar sulcus; scutellar sulcus with incomplete median carina, otherwise smooth.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
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Wings. Fore wing: stigma about 5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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longer than high; vein r 0.65
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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vein 2RS, 0.8
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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vein RS+Mb, and 0.7
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as vein m-cu; vein 3RSa about 0.3 times vein 3RSb, about 0.8
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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vein 2M; vein 1CUa about 2.5 times vein 1cu-a; vein 1CUb about 2.3 times 1CUa; vein 1M evenly slightly curved. Hind wing: m-cu indicated as short pigmented not tubular vein just postfurcal to vein r-m; vein M+CU as long as vein 1M; vein 1M 1.8
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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vein r-m; vein RS smoothly curved at middle; vein 2-1A present as a very short stub.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
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Legs. Hind tibia without apical comb of modified setae; tarsal claw simple, not pectinate; apical spurs on hind tibia small, hind basitarsus 4
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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longer than inner spur.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="55" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
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Metasoma. T1-T3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="rugose–striated">rugose-striated</normalizedToken>
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with granulate background; remainder terga granulate; mid longitudinal carina complete from T1 throughout; metasoma outline
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<pageBreakToken pageId="55" pageNumber="56" start="start">narrow</pageBreakToken>
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, petiole relatively small, T1 1.2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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longer than its apical width, ovipositor sheaths as long as hind tarsomere II.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
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Paratype variation. Body length 3.8-4.6 mm; antenna with 38-40 antennomeres; head in most specimens mostly dark brown, except most of gena and temples just behind eyes honey yellow, but the gena is entirely dark brown in two type specimens; the clypeus color is also variable, in most specimens it is contrasting honey yellow, but in two specimens the clypeus has the same color of face; scutellum color varies from entire black to yellow on apical half, scutellar sulcus varies from yellow to black; light lateral stripes on mesopleuron varies from brown, reddish brown to yellow, in one specimen the stripes are connected by ventral yellowish stripe; most paratypes with metasomal terga 4 and 5 mostly blackish; position of hind wing vein m-cu varies from just postfurcal to just antefurcal; hind basitarsus 4
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–5×">-5x</normalizedToken>
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longer than inner apical spur on hind tibia.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Male. Essentially as in female, but eyes slightly smaller; antenna with 35 and 38 segments; metasomal terga entire dark brown in on specimen, the other with whitish central markings throughout all metasomal terga from apical tergite 1.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="56" pageNumber="57" start="start">Mummy</pageBreakToken>
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. Length 8.5-10.8 mm, entire brown, mummy with elongate aspect and thin skin, widening gradually from neck to posterior exit hole, thorax wrinkled, mummy attached to the substrate by silk posteriorly at prolegs region, exit hole irregular, located postero-dorsally anterior to abdominal prolegs, but in two specimens the hole is located postero-ventrally.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
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Type-locality: ECUADOR, Napo Province, Yanayacu Biological Station, YY-47035,
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="-0.59833336">S00°35.9'</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-77.89">W77°53.4'</geoCoordinate>
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, 2163 m, cloud forest, May 7, 2010.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
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Type-specimen: Holotype female and mummy, point mounted. Top label: "ECUADOR: Napo Province / Yanayacu Biological Station /
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="-0.59833336">S00°35.9'</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-77.89">W77°53.4'</geoCoordinate>
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2163m / CAPEA - NSF-BSI-07-17458 / (hand written) em. 7 May 2010 / YY-47035"; back (hand written): "Abr-2010 / 7-May-2010". (UWIM)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Paratypes, 5 females and 3 males (UWIM), same data as holotype, different dates: 1♀ March 17, 2010, YY-45382; 2♀ May 4, 2010, YY-47069 and YY-46993; 1♀, October 8, 2010, YY-50796; 1♀, November 12, 2010, YY-52470; 1♂ March 18, 2010, YY-45448; 1♂ April 21, 2010, YY-46669; 1♂ April 22, 2010, YY-46568. 1♀, ECUADOR, Napo, Baeza, 2000m, Feb. '79 Mason. (CNC).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="biology">
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<paragraph pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Biology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
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All specimens reared on the same
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<taxonomicName family="Geometridae" lsidName="" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" rank="family">Geometridae</taxonomicName>
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host caterpillar species (common name "palito
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<normalizedToken originalValue="café">cafe</normalizedToken>
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chusquea") feeding on
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<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Chusquea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Chusquea scandens" order="Poales" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="scandens">Chusquea scandens</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName genus="Poaceae" lsidName="Poaceae" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" rank="genus">Poaceae</taxonomicName>
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), collected from February to April. Consistent morphology of mummies and caterpillars support a single host species for this parasitoid. There is a variation in dorso-ventral orientation of the exit hole as observed in other species by
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<bibRefCitation author="Shaw, MR" journalOrPublisher="Contributions of the American Entomological Institute" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" pagination="307 - 328" title="On [e] evolution of endoparasitism: the biology of some genera of Rogadinae (Braconidae)." volume="20" year="1983">M. Shaw (1983)</bibRefCitation>
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. All host caterpillars were collected during 2nd (all males and one female) or 3rd (only females) larval instars. Time span between host mummification and adult emergence varied mostly from two to three weeks, but one female took almost two months to emerge.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="discussion">
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<paragraph pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Discussion.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes nubicola" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nubicola">Aleiodes nubicola</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. is similar to
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes cacuangoi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cacuangoi">Aleiodes cacuangoi</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes atripileatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atripileatus">Aleiodes atripileatus</taxonomicName>
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(see diagnosis of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes cacuangoi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cacuangoi">Aleiodes cacuangoi</taxonomicName>
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for differences). This species also resembles
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes arbitrium" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arbitrium">Aleiodes arbitrium</taxonomicName>
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in the size of ovipositor and the mostly dark brown head. It differs from
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes arbitrium" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arbitrium">Aleiodes arbitrium</taxonomicName>
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by the longer malar space, about 1.6
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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longer than mandible width at base (about 1.0
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes arbitrium" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arbitrium">Aleiodes arbitrium</taxonomicName>
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), the mostly black pronotum and mesonotum (mostly brownish orange in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes arbitrium" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arbitrium">Aleiodes arbitrium</taxonomicName>
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), and the position of light marks on head bordering eyes on temples (same marks on vertex in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes arbitrium" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arbitrium">Aleiodes arbitrium</taxonomicName>
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). The host species "palito
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<normalizedToken originalValue="café">cafe</normalizedToken>
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chusquea" (
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<taxonomicName family="Geometridae" lsidName="" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" rank="family">Geometridae</taxonomicName>
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) is the same species attacked by
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes mirandae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mirandae">Aleiodes mirandae</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes shakirae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shakirae">Aleiodes shakirae</taxonomicName>
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sp. n.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="56" pageNumber="57">From Latin, means "cloud inhabiting", a reference for the cloud forest habitat.</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
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<paragraph pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
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Figures 84-91.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes nubicola" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nubicola">Aleiodes nubicola</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. 84 habitus 85 head occiput and vertex 86 apical flagellomeres 87 female holotype metasoma, dorsal 88 male paratype metasoma, dorsal 89 head and mesonotum, dorsal 90 host larva (
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<taxonomicName family="Geometridae" lsidName="" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" rank="family">Geometridae</taxonomicName>
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) 91 host mummy after parasitoid emergence.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |