treatments-xml/data/41/AD/C4/41ADC4D0B6DF18D6452679B545D377FC.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-200-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="7A6D49A85B285350A8D2FC5C9C36B90B" ModsDocID="1314-2003-200-1" checkinTime="1655292389427" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Barboza, Gloria E., Garcia, Carolina Carrizo, Bianchetti, Luciano de Bem, Romero, Maria V. &amp; Scaldaferro, Marisel" docDate="2022" docId="41ADC4D0B6DF18D6452679B545D377FC" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 200: 1-423" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 200" docPubDate="2022-06-14" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667" docTitle="Capsicum longifolium Barboza &amp; S. Leiva, PLOS One 14 (1): 7. 2019." docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="7A6D49A85B285350A8D2FC5C9C36B90B" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="7A6D49A85B285350A8D2FC5C9C36B90B" masterDocTitle="Monograph of wild and cultivated chili peppers (Capsicum L., Solanaceae)" masterLastPageNumber="423" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1655292389427" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:title>Monograph of wild and cultivated chili peppers (Capsicum L., Solanaceae)</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Barboza, Gloria E.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1085-036X</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biologia Vegetal (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Cordoba), Casilla de Correo 495, 5000 Cordoba, Argentina</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">gbarboza@imbiv.unc.edu.ar</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Garcia, Carolina Carrizo</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biologia Vegetal (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Cordoba), Casilla de Correo 495, 5000 Cordoba, Argentina</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">ccarrizo@imbiv.unc.edu.ar</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Bianchetti, Luciano de Bem</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuaria-Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Recursos Geneticos e Biotecnologia (EMBRAPA-Recursos Geneticos e Biotecnologia), PqEB Parque Estacao Biologica, Av. W / 5 final, Brasilia-DF, CEP 70770 - 917, Caixa Postal 02372, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Romero, Maria V.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biologia Vegetal (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Cordoba), Casilla de Correo 495, 5000 Cordoba, Argentina</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Scaldaferro, Marisel</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biologia Vegetal (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Cordoba), Casilla de Correo 495, 5000 Cordoba, Argentina &amp; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cordoba, Cordoba, Argentina</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number>2022-06-14</mods:number>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:41ADC4D0B6DF18D6452679B545D377FC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/41ADC4D0B6DF18D6452679B545D377FC" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
26. 
<taxonomicName authority="Barboza &amp; S. Leiva, PLOS One 14 (1): 7. 2019." authorityName="Barboza &amp; S. Leiva, PLOS One 14 (1): 7. 2019." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum longifolium" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="longifolium">Capsicum longifolium Barboza &amp; S.Leiva, PLOS One 14(1): 7. 2019.</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 83" captionStartId="F83" captionText="Figure 83. Capsicum longifolium A reproductive branch B flower C opened corolla D, E, F anthers, ventral, lateral and dorsal views, respectively G gynoecium H ovary, in cross section I fruit J seed. From Barboza &amp; Leiva Gonzalez 4849. Drawn by S. Leiva Gonzalez. Published in Barboza et al. (2019), reproduced with permission." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667.figure83" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/695498" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figs 83</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 84" captionStartId="F84" captionText="Figure 84. Capsicum longifolium A plant B internode with lenticels C, D flower buds E Flower, in longitudinal section F flowers showing corolla yellow with brownish centre G flower, in lateral view H, I flowers with completely yellow corollas, upper and lateral views, respectively J, K flowers with yellow corollas and red-brown edges, upper and lateral view, respectively L, M immature fruits N mature fruit A, C, H, I from Barboza &amp; Leiva Gonzalez 4821 B, D, E, L, N from Barboza &amp; Leiva Gonzalez 4846 F, G from Barboza &amp; Leiva Gonzalez 4850 J, K, M from Barboza &amp; Leiva Gonzalez 4851. Photos by S. Leiva Gonzalez and G. E. Barboza. Published in Barboza et al. (2019), reproduced with permission." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667.figure84" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/695499" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 84</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<typeStatus>Type</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2022-01-01" collectingDateMax="2022-12-31" collectingDateMin="2022-01-01" country="Ecuador" location="Area of Estacion Cientifica San Francisco" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Zamora-Chinchipe" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingCountry name="Ecuador">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
. 
<collectingRegion country="Ecuador" name="Zamora-Chinchipe">Zamora-Chinchipe</collectingRegion>
: 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:41ADC4D0B6DF18D6452679B545D377FC:90D3F8173FFE2E506EA7A8A7BF0D3399" country="Ecuador" name="Area of Estacion Cientifica San Francisco" stateProvince="Zamora-Chinchipe">
Area of 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Estación">Estacion</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Científica">Cientifica</normalizedToken>
San Francisco
</location>
, road Loja-Zamora, ca. 
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" unit="km" value="35.0">35 km</quantity>
from
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2005-06-12" collectorName="F. A. Werner" country="Ecuador" elevation="1900" latitude="-3.9666667" location="Loja" longLatPrecision="1307" longitude="-79.066666" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Loja" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingRegion country="Ecuador" name="Loja">Loja</collectingRegion>
, transect Q2, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="03" direction="south" minutes="58" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-3.9666667">03°58'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="79" direction="west" minutes="04" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-79.066666">79°04'W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" unit="m" value="1900.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" unit="m" value="1900.0">1900 m</elevation>
</quantity>
elev., 
<collectingDate value="2005-06-12">12 Jun 2005</collectingDate>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<collectorName>F.A.Werner</collectorName>
1548
</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus>holotype</typeStatus>
: QCA [160608]; isotypes: 
<collectingRegion country="Ecuador" name="Loja">LOJA</collectingRegion>
, NY [01130066])
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Erect, scandent shrubs (0.60-) 1.40-3 m tall, laxly branched above, the branches bending down. Young stems angled, fragile, green, glabrous; nodes green or purplish-green; bark of older stems striate, dark green, glabrous; lenticels ovoid, whitish to light brown. Sympodial units difoliate, the leaves geminate; leaf pair markedly unequal in size and shape. Leaves coriaceous, slightly discolorous, adaxial surface dark green and shiny, abaxial surface light green and opaque, glabrous on both surfaces and margins; blades of major leaves (7-) 8.5-17 (-18) cm long, (0.8-) 1-2.5 cm wide, narrowly elliptic, the major veins (11-) 13-17 on each side of mid-vein, the base asymmetric and attenuate, the margins entire, the apex acuminate; petioles (0.2-) 0.5-1.4 cm long, glabrous; blades of minor leaves 2.5-5.7 cm long, 1-2 cm wide, ovate or broadly elliptic, the major veins 4-5 on each side of mid-vein, the base short-attenuate, sometimes asymmetric, the margins entire, the apex obtuse; petioles 0.1-0.5 cm long, glabrous. Inflorescences axillary, 3-7 (-9) flowers per axil or sometimes on a short rachis, rarely flowers solitary; flowering pedicels 3-8 mm long, filiform, terete, pendent, slightly curved, non-geniculate at anthesis, green, glabrous; pedicels scars inconspicuous. Buds ovoid, yellow or purplish-yellow. Flowers 5-merous. Calyx 2.5-3 mm long, 2.8-3 mm wide, cup-shaped, membranous, translucent, light green or greenish-purple, glabrous, the calyx appendages 2-3, 2-2.5 mm long, 1.8-2.2 mm wide, subequal, thick, green or purple, oblique or spreading, triangular-compressed, wing-like, glabrous. Corolla 6-8.5 mm long, 8-11 mm in diameter, thick, entirely yellow or yellow with red-brown pigmentation in the throat or at margin lobes within, campanulate-stellate, without or with a thin interpetalar membrane, lobed 1/3 to nearly halfway to the base, glabrous adaxially and abaxially, the tube (3-) 4-5 mm long, the lobes 3-3.5 (-4) mm long, ca. 3 mm wide, broadly ovate, erect or spreading, the tips cucullate and papillate. Stamens five, equal; filaments 2-2.6 mm long, white or red-brown, inserted on the corolla ca. 2 mm from the base, with auricles fused to the corolla at the point of insertion; anthers 2-2.75 mm long, ellipsoid, purplish-white or brown, connivent at anthesis. Gynoecium with ovary 1.6-1.8 mm long, 1.2 mm in diameter, white or light green, subglobose; ovules more than two per locule; nectary 0.3-0.5 mm tall; styles homomorphic, 5-5.8 mm long, exserted 1-1.4 mm beyond the anthers, white and lilac at the apex or red-brown, clavate; stigma 0.3 mm long, 0.2-0.4 mm wide, somewhat bilobed, light green. Berry 8-13 mm in diameter, globose, slightly flattened at the apex, green when immature, orange at maturity, deciduous, non-pungent, the pericarp thick, opaque, lacking giant cells (endocarp smooth); stone cells absent; fruiting pedicels 10-16 mm long, pendent, terete, widened distally, green; fruiting calyx 4-5.5 mm in diameter, persistent, not accrescent, discoid, green-purple or green, the appendages short and wide (2-2.8 mm long, 2.4-2.6 mm wide at base) or long and more slender (4.5-5.5 mm long, ca. 1.5 mm wide at base), spreading or reflexed, green-purple or green. Seeds ca. 24 per fruit, 1.7-2.3 mm long, 1.7-2.2 mm wide, D- or teardrop-shaped, black, the seed coat reticulate (SM and SEM), the cells rectangular or polygonal in shape, the lateral walls straight or slightly sinuate; embryo annular.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum longifolium" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="longifolium">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Capsicum longifolium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is endemic to northern Peru (Amazonas, Cajamarca, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Junín">Junin</normalizedToken>
and Piura Departments) and southern Ecuador (Zamora-Chinchipe Province) (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 78" captionStartId="F78" captionText="Figure 78. Distribution of C. hunzikerianum, C. longidentatum and C. longifolium." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667.figure78" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/695493" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">78</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="ecology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ecology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum longifolium" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="longifolium">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Capsicum longifolium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a plant of Andean montane wet forests, in the interior of primary forests in shady areas at mid-elevations (1,800-2,200 m).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="phenology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phenology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Flowering and fruiting from December to August (probably all year).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="chromosome number">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Chromosome number.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
2 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">n</emphasis>
= 2x = 26 (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0209792" author="Barboza, GE" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B38" refString="Barboza, GE, Carrizo Garcia, C, Leiva Gonzalez, S, Scaldaferro, M, Reyes, X, 2019. Four new species of Capsicum (Solanaceae) from the tropical Andes and an update on the phylogeny of the genus. PLoS ONE 14(1): e0209792. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0209792" title="Four new species of Capsicum (Solanaceae) from the tropical Andes and an update on the phylogeny of the genus. PLoS ONE 14 (1): e 0209792." url="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0209792" year="2019">Barboza et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="common names">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Common names.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">None recorded.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="uses">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Uses.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">None recorded.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="preliminary conservation assessment">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Preliminary conservation assessment.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
EOO (67,266.225 km2); AOO (24 km2). Although 
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. longifolium" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="longifolium">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. longifolium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been collected many times in San Francisco Biological Reserve (SFBR, Zamora-Chinchipe, Ecuador), it is known from only five other locations in areas not included in the National System of Protected Areas where the quality of its habitat probably will decline. Based on this, we suggest a status of Vulnerable (VU; B2ab(iii).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="discussion">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Discussion.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum longifolium" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="longifolium">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Capsicum longifolium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is strongly resolved within the Andean clade (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0209792" author="Barboza, GE" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B38" refString="Barboza, GE, Carrizo Garcia, C, Leiva Gonzalez, S, Scaldaferro, M, Reyes, X, 2019. Four new species of Capsicum (Solanaceae) from the tropical Andes and an update on the phylogeny of the genus. PLoS ONE 14(1): e0209792. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0209792" title="Four new species of Capsicum (Solanaceae) from the tropical Andes and an update on the phylogeny of the genus. PLoS ONE 14 (1): e 0209792." url="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0209792" year="2019">Barboza et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
). It is unique in the genus in having the longest and narrowest leaves and striking calyx appendages that arise from the calyx tube as laterally compressed thick expansions or wings (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 84" captionStartId="F84" captionText="Figure 84. Capsicum longifolium A plant B internode with lenticels C, D flower buds E Flower, in longitudinal section F flowers showing corolla yellow with brownish centre G flower, in lateral view H, I flowers with completely yellow corollas, upper and lateral views, respectively J, K flowers with yellow corollas and red-brown edges, upper and lateral view, respectively L, M immature fruits N mature fruit A, C, H, I from Barboza &amp; Leiva Gonzalez 4821 B, D, E, L, N from Barboza &amp; Leiva Gonzalez 4846 F, G from Barboza &amp; Leiva Gonzalez 4850 J, K, M from Barboza &amp; Leiva Gonzalez 4851. Photos by S. Leiva Gonzalez and G. E. Barboza. Published in Barboza et al. (2019), reproduced with permission." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667.figure84" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/695499" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">84D, E, I</figureCitation>
). Variation in corolla colour and length of the fruiting calyx appendages can be observed in the field in individuals growing under the same environmental conditions. The corolla is usually entirely yellow (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 84" captionStartId="F84" captionText="Figure 84. Capsicum longifolium A plant B internode with lenticels C, D flower buds E Flower, in longitudinal section F flowers showing corolla yellow with brownish centre G flower, in lateral view H, I flowers with completely yellow corollas, upper and lateral views, respectively J, K flowers with yellow corollas and red-brown edges, upper and lateral view, respectively L, M immature fruits N mature fruit A, C, H, I from Barboza &amp; Leiva Gonzalez 4821 B, D, E, L, N from Barboza &amp; Leiva Gonzalez 4846 F, G from Barboza &amp; Leiva Gonzalez 4850 J, K, M from Barboza &amp; Leiva Gonzalez 4851. Photos by S. Leiva Gonzalez and G. E. Barboza. Published in Barboza et al. (2019), reproduced with permission." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667.figure84" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/695499" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">84E, H, I</figureCitation>
), but occasional plants have corolla lobes that are red- to brown-edged (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 84" captionStartId="F84" captionText="Figure 84. Capsicum longifolium A plant B internode with lenticels C, D flower buds E Flower, in longitudinal section F flowers showing corolla yellow with brownish centre G flower, in lateral view H, I flowers with completely yellow corollas, upper and lateral views, respectively J, K flowers with yellow corollas and red-brown edges, upper and lateral view, respectively L, M immature fruits N mature fruit A, C, H, I from Barboza &amp; Leiva Gonzalez 4821 B, D, E, L, N from Barboza &amp; Leiva Gonzalez 4846 F, G from Barboza &amp; Leiva Gonzalez 4850 J, K, M from Barboza &amp; Leiva Gonzalez 4851. Photos by S. Leiva Gonzalez and G. E. Barboza. Published in Barboza et al. (2019), reproduced with permission." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667.figure84" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/695499" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">84J, K</figureCitation>
) or have a red-brown ring within the corolla throat (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 84" captionStartId="F84" captionText="Figure 84. Capsicum longifolium A plant B internode with lenticels C, D flower buds E Flower, in longitudinal section F flowers showing corolla yellow with brownish centre G flower, in lateral view H, I flowers with completely yellow corollas, upper and lateral views, respectively J, K flowers with yellow corollas and red-brown edges, upper and lateral view, respectively L, M immature fruits N mature fruit A, C, H, I from Barboza &amp; Leiva Gonzalez 4821 B, D, E, L, N from Barboza &amp; Leiva Gonzalez 4846 F, G from Barboza &amp; Leiva Gonzalez 4850 J, K, M from Barboza &amp; Leiva Gonzalez 4851. Photos by S. Leiva Gonzalez and G. E. Barboza. Published in Barboza et al. (2019), reproduced with permission." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667.figure84" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/695499" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">84F</figureCitation>
); in this latter case, the filaments and the style are also red-brown. In general, the calyx appendages do not enlarge considerably in fruit (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Glandular trichomes of Capsicum species. Scale bar: 50 μm (A-G, I); 100 μm (H, J)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/695419" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">4L, N</figureCitation>
), but some specimens have long appendages (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 84" captionStartId="F84" captionText="Figure 84. Capsicum longifolium A plant B internode with lenticels C, D flower buds E Flower, in longitudinal section F flowers showing corolla yellow with brownish centre G flower, in lateral view H, I flowers with completely yellow corollas, upper and lateral views, respectively J, K flowers with yellow corollas and red-brown edges, upper and lateral view, respectively L, M immature fruits N mature fruit A, C, H, I from Barboza &amp; Leiva Gonzalez 4821 B, D, E, L, N from Barboza &amp; Leiva Gonzalez 4846 F, G from Barboza &amp; Leiva Gonzalez 4850 J, K, M from Barboza &amp; Leiva Gonzalez 4851. Photos by S. Leiva Gonzalez and G. E. Barboza. Published in Barboza et al. (2019), reproduced with permission." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667.figure84" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/695499" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">84M</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667.figure83" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/695498" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 83" startId="F83">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 83.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum longifolium" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="longifolium">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Capsicum longifolium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
reproductive branch 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
flower 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
opened corolla 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D, E, F</emphasis>
anthers, ventral, lateral and dorsal views, respectively 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
gynoecium 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H</emphasis>
ovary, in cross section 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">I</emphasis>
fruit 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">J</emphasis>
seed. From 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Barboza &amp; Leiva 
<normalizedToken originalValue="González">Gonzalez</normalizedToken>
4849.
</emphasis>
Drawn by S. Leiva 
<normalizedToken originalValue="González">Gonzalez</normalizedToken>
. Published in 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0209792" author="Barboza, GE" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B38" refString="Barboza, GE, Carrizo Garcia, C, Leiva Gonzalez, S, Scaldaferro, M, Reyes, X, 2019. Four new species of Capsicum (Solanaceae) from the tropical Andes and an update on the phylogeny of the genus. PLoS ONE 14(1): e0209792. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0209792" title="Four new species of Capsicum (Solanaceae) from the tropical Andes and an update on the phylogeny of the genus. PLoS ONE 14 (1): e 0209792." url="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0209792" year="2019">Barboza et al. (2019)</bibRefCitation>
, reproduced with permission.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667.figure84" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/695499" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 84" startId="F84">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 84.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum longifolium" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="longifolium">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Capsicum longifolium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
plant 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
internode with lenticels 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C, D</emphasis>
flower buds 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
Flower, in longitudinal section 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
flowers showing corolla yellow with brownish centre 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
flower, in lateral view 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H, I</emphasis>
flowers with completely yellow corollas, upper and lateral views, respectively 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">J, K</emphasis>
flowers with yellow corollas and red-brown edges, upper and lateral view, respectively 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L, M</emphasis>
immature fruits 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N</emphasis>
mature fruit 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A, C, H, I</emphasis>
from 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Barboza &amp; Leiva 
<normalizedToken originalValue="González">Gonzalez</normalizedToken>
4821
</emphasis>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B, D, E, L, N</emphasis>
from 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Barboza &amp; Leiva 
<normalizedToken originalValue="González">Gonzalez</normalizedToken>
4846
</emphasis>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F, G</emphasis>
from 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Barboza &amp; Leiva 
<normalizedToken originalValue="González">Gonzalez</normalizedToken>
4850
</emphasis>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">J, K, M</emphasis>
from 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Barboza &amp; Leiva 
<normalizedToken originalValue="González">Gonzalez</normalizedToken>
4851.
</emphasis>
Photos by S. Leiva 
<normalizedToken originalValue="González">Gonzalez</normalizedToken>
and G.E. Barboza. Published in 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0209792" author="Barboza, GE" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B38" refString="Barboza, GE, Carrizo Garcia, C, Leiva Gonzalez, S, Scaldaferro, M, Reyes, X, 2019. Four new species of Capsicum (Solanaceae) from the tropical Andes and an update on the phylogeny of the genus. PLoS ONE 14(1): e0209792. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0209792" title="Four new species of Capsicum (Solanaceae) from the tropical Andes and an update on the phylogeny of the genus. PLoS ONE 14 (1): e 0209792." url="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0209792" year="2019">Barboza et al. (2019)</bibRefCitation>
, reproduced with permission.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum longifolium" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="longifolium">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Capsicum longifolium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is morphologically most similar to 
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. dimorphum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="dimorphum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. dimorphum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, its sister species and to 
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. regale" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="regale">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. regale</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with which it shares the stellate yellow corollas, the non-pungent fruits and the black seeds. 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum longifolium" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="longifolium">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Capsicum longifolium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished from 
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. dimorphum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="dimorphum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. dimorphum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having completely glabrous vegetative organs and calyces, long and narrow (ratio 6-10.8), coriaceous, major leaves, flowers 3-7 (-9) on a short rachis and calyces with 2-3 thick triangular-compressed appendages that look like wings. In contrast, 
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. dimorphum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="dimorphum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. dimorphum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has pubescent vegetative organs and calyces, shorter and wider (ratio 4-5.25), membranous, major leaves, solitary or up to five axillary flowers and no calyx appendages or, if appendages are present, they are three and minute (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 55" captionStartId="F55" captionText="Figure 55. Capsicum dimorphum A plant B, C flower buds of different colour D, E flowers, in lateral view, with different corolla colour outside F, G flowers, in front view, with different colouration patterns in the corolla within H immature fruit I mature fruit A, H, I from Beltran 140, photos by G. Beltran B-G from Orejuela R. et al. 2685, photos by G. E. Barboza." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667.figure55" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/695470" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">55</figureCitation>
). 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum regale" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="regale">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Capsicum regale</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from 
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. longifolium" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="longifolium">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. longifolium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in its occasionally forked inflorescence (vs. unbranched in 
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. longifolium" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="longifolium">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. longifolium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), elliptic (vs. narrowly elliptic) major leaves, dark purple pedicels in fruit (vs. green) and purple (vs. orange) berries. Another species of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Capsicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sympatric with 
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. longifolium" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="longifolium">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. longifolium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(especially in SFBR, Ecuador) is 
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. geminifolium" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="geminifolium">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. geminifolium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; that species has a dense indumentum, long-acuminate leaves, thin calyx appendages and campanulate yellow corollas with many purple or maroon spots within (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 72" captionStartId="F72" captionText="Figure 72. Capsicum geminifolium A plant B main stem with lenticels C flowering branch D flower bud E flower, in lateral view, with long calyx appendages F flower, with short calyx appendages G flower, in pre-anthesis H, I corollas, in front view, with different colouration patterns within J immature fruit K mature fruit A, B, D, J from Barboza &amp; Leiva Gonzalez 4845 C, G from Deanna &amp; Leiva Gonzalez 3 E, I from Barboza &amp; Leiva Gonzalez 4852 F, H from Deanna &amp; Leiva Gonzalez 77 K from Orejuela R. 2688 A, B, D, E, I, J photos by G. E. Barboza C, F-H photos by R. Deanna K photo by A. Orejuela." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667.figure72" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/695487" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">72</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">See Suppl. material 4: Appendix 4.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>