166 lines
15 KiB
XML
166 lines
15 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1130.86413" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1130-103" ID-Pensoft-UUID="6007CB98AFAA58A5BD50EA75BBF78B0C" ID-ZooBank="C8FFC906D96F43ACA5B9FB21B6E27C33" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1130-103" checkinTime="1668813907773" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Portman, Zachary M., Arduser, Mike, Lane, Ian G. & Cariveau, Daniel P." docDate="2022" docId="08C868487F675DD99487910CFC28984D" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1130: 103-152" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1130" docPubDate="2022-11-18" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1130.86413" docTitle="Augochlora (Augochlora) pura" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="6007CB98AFAA58A5BD50EA75BBF78B0C" lastPageNumber="103" masterDocId="6007CB98AFAA58A5BD50EA75BBF78B0C" masterDocTitle="A review of the Augochloropsis (Hymenoptera, Halictidae) and keys to the shiny green Halictinae of the midwestern United States" masterLastPageNumber="152" masterPageNumber="103" pageNumber="103" updateTime="1668813907773" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A review of the Augochloropsis (Hymenoptera, Halictidae) and keys to the shiny green Halictinae of the midwestern United States</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Portman, Zachary M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8943-8196</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">zportman@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Arduser, Mike</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Conservation Research Institute, Cedarburg, WI, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Lane, Ian G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6645-2136</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Cariveau, Daniel P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3064-0071</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2022-11-18</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>1130</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>103</mods:start>
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<mods:end>152</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1130.86413</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1130.86413</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1130-103</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">C8FFC906D96F43ACA5B9FB21B6E27C33</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">6007CB98AFAA58A5BD50EA75BBF78B0C</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:08C868487F675DD99487910CFC28984D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/08C868487F675DD99487910CFC28984D" lastPageNumber="103" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
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<taxonomicName LSID="08C86848-7F67-5DD9-9487-910CFC28984D" authority="(Say)" baseAuthorityName="Say" baseAuthorityYear="1837" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Augochlora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Augochlora (Augochlora) pura" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pura" subGenus="Augochlora">Augochlora (Augochlora) pura (Say)</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Say" baseAuthorityYear="1837" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Augochlora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Augochlora pura" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pura">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Augochlora pura</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is most similar to
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1853" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Augochlorella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Augochlorella aurata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aurata">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Augochlorella aurata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Viereck" baseAuthorityYear="1910" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Augochlorella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Augochlorella persimilis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="persimilis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Augochlorella persimilis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Both sexes of
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Say" baseAuthorityYear="1837" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Augochlora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Augochlora pura" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pura">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Augochlora pura</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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can be recognized by the distinct and prominent facial lobes (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Characters to separate Augochlora and Augochlorella A S 1 of Augochlora pura female with a median keel indicated by red arrow B Augochlora pura male rear propodeum showing distinct punctures C Augochlora pura female face with protruding paraocular lobe indicated by red arrow D Augochlorella aurata female face with undeveloped paraocular lobe indicated by red arrow E Augochlora pura male face with protruding paraocular lobe indicated by red arrow F Augochlorella aurata male with undeveloped paraocular lobe indicated by red arrow. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1130.86413.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/771312" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">3C, E</figureCitation>
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), which extend below the level of the base of the mandible and are stronger than those found in
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Sandhouse" authorityYear="1937" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Augochlorella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Augochlorella" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Augochlorella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, but the difference is subtle and easy to confuse. Female
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Say" baseAuthorityYear="1837" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Augochlora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Augochlora pura" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pura">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Augochlora pura</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are unique in having a keel on S1 (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Characters to separate Augochlora and Augochlorella A S 1 of Augochlora pura female with a median keel indicated by red arrow B Augochlora pura male rear propodeum showing distinct punctures C Augochlora pura female face with protruding paraocular lobe indicated by red arrow D Augochlorella aurata female face with undeveloped paraocular lobe indicated by red arrow E Augochlora pura male face with protruding paraocular lobe indicated by red arrow F Augochlorella aurata male with undeveloped paraocular lobe indicated by red arrow. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1130.86413.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/771312" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">3A</figureCitation>
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) and the hind tibial spur is simple. In addition, the mandibles of
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Say" baseAuthorityYear="1837" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Augochlora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Augochlora pura" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pura">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Augochlora pura</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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females are more robust, with 2 distinct and nearly equally-sized apical teeth, whereas
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Sandhouse" authorityYear="1937" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Augochlorella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Augochlorella" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Augochlorella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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have 1 main tooth and a smaller subapical tooth.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
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Males of
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Say" baseAuthorityYear="1837" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Augochlora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Augochlora pura" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pura">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Augochlora pura</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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can be further recognized from
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Sandhouse" authorityYear="1937" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Augochlorella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Augochlorella" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Augochlorella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by their straight apical margin on S4 (compared to concave in
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Sandhouse" authorityYear="1937" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Augochlorella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Augochlorella" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Augochlorella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) and they have distinct punctures on the rear of the propodeum (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Characters to separate Augochlora and Augochlorella A S 1 of Augochlora pura female with a median keel indicated by red arrow B Augochlora pura male rear propodeum showing distinct punctures C Augochlora pura female face with protruding paraocular lobe indicated by red arrow D Augochlorella aurata female face with undeveloped paraocular lobe indicated by red arrow E Augochlora pura male face with protruding paraocular lobe indicated by red arrow F Augochlorella aurata male with undeveloped paraocular lobe indicated by red arrow. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1130.86413.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/771312" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">3B</figureCitation>
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), compared to impunctate or obscure punctures in
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Sandhouse" authorityYear="1937" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Augochlorella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Augochlorella" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Augochlorella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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males (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Characters to separate Agapostemon from Augochlorini: Complete raised carina on the rear face of the propodeum in Agapostemon A female and B male. Incomplete carina in C Augochloropsis female and D Augochlorella male E Agapostemon male hind leg with first two tarsomeres fused (red arrow pointing to point of fusion)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1130.86413.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/771311" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">2D</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="comments">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Comments.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1853" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Augochlora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Augochlora" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Augochlora</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Sandhouse" authorityYear="1937" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Augochlorella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Augochlorella" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Augochlorella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are frequently confused in collections, especially males. Midwestern specimens of
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Say" baseAuthorityYear="1837" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Augochlora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Augochlora pura" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pura">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Augochlora pura</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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fall under subspecies
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<taxonomicName authority="pura" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Augochlora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Augochlora pura subsp. pura" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="pura" subSpecies="pura">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Augochlora pura pura</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. More work is needed to determine whether
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<taxonomicName authority="pura" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Augochlora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Augochlora pura subsp. pura" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="pura" subSpecies="pura">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Augochlora pura pura</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Augochlora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Augochlora pura subsp. mosieri" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="pura" subSpecies="mosieri">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Augochlora pura mosieri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Cockerell are distinct taxa.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |