327 lines
26 KiB
XML
327 lines
26 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.168.51904" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e7345e6b-fa55-474e-9b6e-d6b185121541" ID-PMC="PMC7718216" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-168-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="5F39D34A0DEF5952A2C4E9090C14B498" ID-PubMed="33335445" ModsDocID="1314-2003-168-1" checkinTime="1606572050664" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Dean, Ellen, Poore, Jennifer, Anguiano-Constante, Marco Antonio, Nee, Michael H., Kang, Hannah, Starbuck, Thomas, Rodrigues, Annamarie & Conner, Matthew" docDate="2020" docId="B2CBC1CBA5EDC7D696AE57C09FA66119" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 168: 1-333" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 168" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.168.51904" docTitle="Lycianthes rafatorresii E. Dean 2020, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="5F39D34A0DEF5952A2C4E9090C14B498" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="5F39D34A0DEF5952A2C4E9090C14B498" masterDocTitle="The genus Lycianthes (Solanaceae, Capsiceae) in Mexico and Guatemala" masterLastPageNumber="333" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1668140149145" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>The genus Lycianthes (Solanaceae, Capsiceae) in Mexico and Guatemala</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Dean, Ellen</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>UC Davis Center for Plant Diversity, Plant Sciences M. S. 7, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5986-0027</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">eadean@ucdavis.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Poore, Jennifer</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>UC Davis Center for Plant Diversity, Plant Sciences M. S. 7, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Anguiano-Constante, Marco Antonio</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Laboratorio Nacional de Identificacion y Caracterizacion Vegetal (LaniVeg), Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACyT), Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biologicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Camino Ramon Padilla Sanchez 2100, 45110 Nextipac, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4071-8108</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Nee, Michael H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>26776 US Hwy 14, Richland Center, WI 53581, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Kang, Hannah</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>UC Davis Center for Plant Diversity, Plant Sciences M. S. 7, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Starbuck, Thomas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>UC Davis Center for Plant Diversity, Plant Sciences M. S. 7, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Rodrigues, Annamarie</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>UC Davis Center for Plant Diversity, Plant Sciences M. S. 7, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Conner, Matthew</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>UC Davis Center for Plant Diversity, Plant Sciences M. S. 7, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>168</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>333</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.168.51904</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.168.51904</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-168-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">5F39D34A0DEF5952A2C4E9090C14B498</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="170596519" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B2CBC1CBA5EDC7D696AE57C09FA66119" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B2CBC1CBA5EDC7D696AE57C09FA66119" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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39
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<taxonomicName LSID="urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77213136-1" authority="E. Dean" authorityName="E. Dean" authorityYear="2020" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lycianthes rafatorresii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rafatorresii" status="sp. nov.">Lycianthes rafatorresii E. Dean</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 88" captionStartId="F88" captionText="Figure 88. Image of herbarium specimen of L. rafatorresii, Perret 352 (MEXU). Specimen used with permission from the Herbario Nacional de Mexico, Universidad Autonoma de Mexico." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.168.51904.figure88" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/480134" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 88</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="México">Mexico</normalizedToken>
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. Oaxaca: Distrito
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Juchitán">Juchitan</normalizedToken>
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, Mpio. Santa
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<normalizedToken originalValue="María">Maria</normalizedToken>
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Chimalapa, San Antonio Nuevo Paraiso, a 2 km en
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<normalizedToken originalValue="línea">linea</normalizedToken>
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recta al W, en Cerro Camedor,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="17.1444" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="17.1444">17.1444</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="94.3577" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-94.3577">-94.3577</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. Perret 352</emphasis>
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(holotype: MEXU [acc. # 1143589]; isotypes: IEB [acc. # 210462, acc. # 209686], SERO).
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.168.51904.figure88" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/480134" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 88" startId="F88">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 88.</emphasis>
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Image of herbarium specimen of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="L. rafatorresii" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="rafatorresii">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. rafatorresii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Perret 352</emphasis>
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(MEXU). Specimen used with permission from the Herbario Nacional de
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<normalizedToken originalValue="México">Mexico</normalizedToken>
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, Universidad
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Autónoma">Autonoma</normalizedToken>
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de
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<normalizedToken originalValue="México">Mexico</normalizedToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Very similar to
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lycianthes multiflora" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="multiflora">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lycianthes multiflora</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Bitter of Central America,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="L. sideroxyloides" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="sideroxyloides">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. sideroxyloides</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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of Mexico and Central America, and
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<taxonomicName lsidName="L. armentalis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="armentalis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. armentalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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of the
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Yucatán">Yucatan</normalizedToken>
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Peninsula. Differing from those species in having the following combination of characters: multangulate-stellate (not geminate-stellate) trichomes with straight (not crisped) trichome rays, branching not widely divaricate, inflorescences that are not restricted to the last few terminal, leafless, sympodial units of the plant, calyx appendages with a widened bulbous apex (rather than acute), stellate corollas divided one quarter to approximately half way to the base with abundant interpetalar tissue, unequal stamens, and few, large fruits, 8-15 mm in diameter with 40-100 seeds per fruit, the seeds usually slightly notched on one side.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Shrub (sometimes scandent), treelet, to vine, 1-5 (20) m tall. Indument of off-white, grey, pale yellow, or yellow-orange, uniseriate, multicellular, sessile to short-stalked, multangulate-stellate, eglandular, spreading trichomes 0.1-0.25 mm long, 0.25-0.75 mm in diameter, the rays 5-8 per whorl, usually straight (not crisped), not rebranched, the center of the trichome where the rays meet sometimes enlarged and spherical, the trichomes of the adaxial leaf surface often sessile and appressed to the leaf surface. Stems light green when young, (drying tan to brown), moderately to densely pubescent (appearing like dense felt), slightly compressed and ribbed when dried in a plant press, becoming brown and woody with age; upper sympodial branching points a mixture of monochasial and dichasial branching (often monochasial), the branching not divaricate. Leaves simple, the leaves of the upper sympodia usually paired, the pairs unequal in size, the larger ones with blades 4.5-13
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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2.5-6 cm, the smaller ones with blades 1.5-7.6
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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1-3.8 cm, the leaf pairs similar in shape, the blades ovate to elliptic, chartaceous to subcoriaceous, sparsely to moderately pubescent, the base cuneate (sometimes widely so), rarely rounded, sometimes oblique, the margin entire, usually irregularly undulate, the apex acute to acuminate, the petiole 0.3-2.5 cm long, the larger leaf blades with 4-6 primary veins on each side of the midvein. Flowers solitary or in groups of 2-6 (-10), axillary, oriented horizontally; peduncles usually absent, sometimes a small pad forming with numerous pedicel scars, to 2 mm long; pedicels 4-10 mm long and erect in flower, to 17 mm long and erect in fruit, moderately to densely pubescent; calyx 2-4 mm long, 3-4 mm in diameter, campanulate, moderately to densely pubescent, the margin truncate, with 10 erect linear appendages with widened, bulbous apex, 1-4 mm long, emerging 0.5-1 mm below the calyx rim, the rim membranaceous and papery; fruiting calyx enlarged, widely bowl-shaped to rotate, 2-4 mm long, 6-10 mm in diameter, the appendages to 5 mm long; corolla 0.7-1.5 cm long, orientation of open corolla unknown (most likely campanulate or rotate), shallowly stellate in outline, divided 1/4 to 1/2 of the way to the base (the division increasing by tearing as the flower ages), with abundant interpetalar tissue, the adaxial side white, glabrous, the abaxial side of the lobes of unknown color, densely pubescent with multangulate-stellate, appressed trichomes; stamens unequal, straight, the four short filaments 0.5-1 mm long, the one long filament 2-3.5 mm long, glabrous, the anthers 4-5 mm long, lanceolate, narrowed at the tip, free of one another, yellow, sparsely pubescent on the inner face, poricidal at the tips, the pores ovate, terminal, dehiscing distally, not opening into longitudinal slits; pistil with glabrous ovary, the style 7-8 mm long, linear, straight, glabrous, the stigma oblong, decurrent down two sides. Fruit a berry, 8-15 mm long, 8-15 mm in diameter, globose, red-orange when mature, glabrous, lacking sclerotic granules. Seeds 40-100 per fruit, 2-3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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2-3 mm, flattened, circular to depressed ovate in outline, sometimes shallowly indented on one side (<0.5 mm), thickened on the margin, yellow-orange to orange-brown, the margin darker in color than the center, the surface reticulum nearly smooth in the center with indistinct serpentine pattern and shallow luminae, the luminae much deeper on the margin.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="chromosome number">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Chromosome number.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Unknown.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution and habitat.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Mexico, Caribbean slope (Oaxaca, Puebla, Veracruz), in tropical moist forest, tropical dry forest, and cloud forest, in both primary forest and disturbed areas, such as coffee plantations and along roadsides, often growing with
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Quercus" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Quercus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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or
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Altingiaceae" genus="Liquidambar" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Liquidambar" order="Saxifragales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Liquidambar</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, sometimes on steep slopes or along drainages, sometimes on limestone, 200-1600 m in elevation (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 89" captionStartId="F89" captionText="Figure 89. Map of geographic distribution of L. rafatorresii based on herbarium specimen data." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.168.51904.figure89" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/480103" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">89</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.168.51904.figure89" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/480103" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 89" startId="F89">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 89.</emphasis>
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Map of geographic distribution of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="L. rafatorresii" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="rafatorresii">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. rafatorresii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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based on herbarium specimen data.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="common names and uses">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Common names and uses.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Mexico. Oaxaca: paniui poj (Zoque) (
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Hernández">Hernandez</normalizedToken>
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G. 1234
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</emphasis>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="phenology">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phenology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Flowering specimens have been collected March through September; specimens with mature fruits have been collected May through November. The corollas on specimens of this species are usually closed, indicating that the corollas are open for only a short time period during the day, most likely in morning.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="preliminary conservation status">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Preliminary conservation status.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="E. Dean" authorityYear="2020" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lycianthes rafatorresii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rafatorresii">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lycianthes rafatorresii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is a rare shrub with a discontinuous distribution represented by 22 collections, and it is only present in one protected area (Los Tuxtlas). The size of the EOO area (51,517.851 km2) suggests a preliminary conservation assessment of Least Concern (LC). In contrast, the size of the AOO area (76 km2) suggests an Endangered (EN) status.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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This species is named for Mexican botanist Rafael Torres
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Colín">Colin</normalizedToken>
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(Rafa), an expert on the flora of Oaxaca, who led us into the field in 2017, when we attempted to locate this species.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="discussion">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Discussion.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="E. Dean" authorityYear="2020" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lycianthes rafatorresii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rafatorresii">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lycianthes rafatorresii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is a Mexican endemic of the Caribbean slope of Oaxaca, Puebla, and Veracruz. Morphologically, it is close to
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<taxonomicName lsidName="L. multiflora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="multiflora">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. multiflora</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Bitter of Central America (which does not occur in Guatemala or Mexico), and it has been misidentified as
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<taxonomicName lsidName="L. sideroxyloides" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="sideroxyloides">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. sideroxyloides</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(with which it overlaps in distribution) and
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<taxonomicName lsidName="L. armentalis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="armentalis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. armentalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(with which it does not overlap) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Nee, M" journalOrPublisher="Nature" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B78" refString="Nee, M, 1986. Lycianthes. In: Gomez-Pompa A, Moreno NP, Nevling Jr LI, Nee M, Sosa V, Ludlow-Wiechers B, Cabrera-Rodriguez L (Eds) Flora of Veracruz 49. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones sobre Recursos Bioticos, Xalapa, Veracruz, 85-110." title="Lycianthes. In: Gomez-Pompa A, Moreno NP, Nevling Jr LI, Nee M, Sosa V, Ludlow-Wiechers B, Cabrera-Rodriguez L (Eds) Flora of Veracruz 49. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones sobre Recursos Bioticos, Xalapa, Veracruz, 85 - 110." year="1986">Nee 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. multiflora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="multiflora">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. multiflora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having straight to curved rays on the trichomes (rather than crisped rays in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. multiflora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="multiflora">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. multiflora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), having the inflorescences and fruits on leafy stems that are not restricted to the last few terminal sympodial units of the plant (rather than having flowers and fruits on mostly leafless terminal sympodia (so that they appear to be in a large panicle), having calyx appendages with a widened bulbous apex (rather than acute appendages), and having stellate corollas (rather than entire corollas).
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="E. Dean" authorityYear="2020" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lycianthes rafatorresii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rafatorresii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lycianthes rafatorresii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. sideroxyloides" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="sideroxyloides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. sideroxyloides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in lacking geminate-stellate trichomes, by having a corolla divided just half way to the base (or less) with abundant interpetalar tissue (versus a deeply stellate corolla with scant interpetalar tissue), by having unequal stamens (versus equal stamens), and by having fewer, larger mature fruits (8-15 mm in diameter versus 2-7 mm in diameter in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. sideroxyloides" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="sideroxyloides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. sideroxyloides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). It differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. armentalis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="armentalis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. armentalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in lacking widely divaricate branching, having appendages with a widened bulbous apex (versus acute appendages), having more seeds per fruit (40-100 in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. rafatorresii" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="rafatorresii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. rafatorresii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
versus 20-30 in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. armentalis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="armentalis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. armentalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), occurring at higher elevations (to 1600 m in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. rafatorresii" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="rafatorresii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. rafatorresii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
versus to 500 m in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. armentalis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="armentalis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. armentalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and not occurring in the lowlands of the
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Yucatán">Yucatan</normalizedToken>
|
||
Peninsula. More field study of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. rafatorresii" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="rafatorresii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. rafatorresii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is needed to better separate it from these similar species and understand its distribution, which currently does not appear to be continuous. Attempts by the first and third authors to locate this species in the field in Oaxaca in 2017 were unsuccessful.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Representative specimens examined.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
(full list of paratypes in Appendix I).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Mexico. Oaxaca</emphasis>
|
||
: Dto. de
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ixtlán">Ixtlan</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 3 km al S de Metates, carr. Tuxtepec-Oaxaca, [
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="17.5872" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="17.5872">17.5872</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="96.5065" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-96.5065">-96.5065</geoCoordinate>
|
||
], no elevation, 10 Sep 1985,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">R. Torres C. 7270</emphasis>
|
||
(MO).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Puebla</emphasis>
|
||
: Limonateno, [
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="19.9110" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="19.911">19.9110</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="97.3076" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-97.3076">-97.3076</geoCoordinate>
|
||
], 1000 m, 12 May 1970,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F. Ventura A. 1077</emphasis>
|
||
(IEB).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Veracruz</emphasis>
|
||
: Bastonal, 3-5 km adelante, camino a la Sierra de Santa Marta, 18.40, -94.95, 25 Nov 1985,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G. Castillo-Campos 4417</emphasis>
|
||
(XAL).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |