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<document id="5E26583AD5A30E813F4F2EB5114C618E" ID-CLB-Dataset="32249" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4313.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d8cc2cd8-8410-49aa-a75d-7a41d9f52b26" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="883161" ID-ZooBank="A5Fdfba5-F992-44A8-84C2-1756C943C19B" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1504182989959" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Bush, Sarah E." docDate="2017" docId="832187E9FFD1FF9DFF746784FCCDFADB" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4313.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4313 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Hecatrishula biguttata Bush 2017, n. comb." docType="treatment" docVersion="17" lastPageNumber="95" masterDocId="7F18FF91FF8AFFC3FFE36200FFC9FFA3" masterDocTitle="Morphological revision of the hyperdiverse Brueelia - complex (Insecta: Phthiraptera: Ischnocera: Philopteridae) with new taxa, checklists and generic key" masterLastPageNumber="443" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="92" updateTime="1698467717597" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="E0814515022FC14A00B00DC4BD5F77A9">Morphological revision of the hyperdiverse Brueelia - complex (Insecta: Phthiraptera: Ischnocera: Philopteridae) with new taxa, checklists and generic key</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="304DA1A10D747D02C39D1F16936684C2" type="personal">
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</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="8BCF5E7D54B88979D4A55FC478D7166F">Bush, Sarah E.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
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<mods:title id="FBE64FA408A2CCCC5E959D6DB74029FD">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="A0AECF1BD53FB2B53A4AA59E0B184C0F">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="22E9AB9B4C4FC3135BA5FC30D537AC05">2017-08-31</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="F912B3C3E498CE993E04AFEFF2560088">4313</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="AFE1FE309A7FC6D09DB5B5796CEE72BC">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="68EBE41F93D98CA6279332C8C192A684" type="CLB-Dataset">32249</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="5D618CAC09BFA52116BE3A868055CDD9" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4313.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="334839D108B08E92A3188389C5B5D639" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="832187E9FFD1FF9DFF746784FCCDFADB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5296905" ID-GBIF-Taxon="133100113" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5296905" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:832187E9FFD1FF9DFF746784FCCDFADB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/832187E9FFD1FF9DFF746784FCCDFADB" lastPageId="94" lastPageNumber="95" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
<subSubSection id="43926574FFD1FF98FF746784FE8AFA1C" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="0B3736FFFFD1FF98FF746784FC83FA3D" blockId="91.[151,842,1412,1471]" box="[151,842,1412,1438]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
<heading id="507F8193FFD1FF98FF746784FC83FA3D" bold="true" box="[151,842,1412,1438]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" reason="1">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD1FF98FF746784FC83FA3D" bold="true" box="[151,842,1412,1438]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFD1FF98FF746784FD11FA3D" authority="(Kellogg &amp; Paine, 1914)" authorityName="Bush" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Kellogg &amp; Paine" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[151,728,1412,1438]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Hecatrishula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biguttata" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD1FF98FF746784FE6EFA3D" bold="true" box="[151,423,1412,1438]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Hecatrishula biguttata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="6F194B0EFFD1FF98FE556784FD19FA3D" author="Kellogg" box="[438,720,1412,1438]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" refString="Kellogg, V. L. &amp; Paine, J. H. (1914) Mallophaga from birds (mostly Corvidae and Phasianidae) of India and neighbouring countries. Records of the Indian Museum, 10, 217 - 243." type="journal article" year="1914">Kellogg &amp; Paine, 1914</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="22CF5796FFD1FF98FD3C6784FC83FA3D" box="[735,842,1412,1438]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">n. comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0B3736FFFFD1FF98FF7467A6FE8AFA1C" blockId="91.[151,842,1412,1471]" box="[151,323,1446,1471]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
(
<figureCitation id="93B32A7AFFD1FF98FF7C67A6FEF2FA1C" box="[159,315,1446,1471]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 138 – 139" captionStart-1="FIGURES 140 – 145" captionStartId-0="92.[151,264,1975,1997]" captionStartId-1="93.[151,264,1945,1967]" captionTargetBox-0="[174,1405,314,1959]" captionTargetBox-1="[205,1356,255,1886]" captionTargetId-0="figure@92.[151,1436,301,1972]" captionTargetId-1="figure@93.[185,1376,229,1914]" captionTargetPageId-0="92" captionTargetPageId-1="93" captionText-0="FIGURES 138 – 139. Hecatrishula biguttata (Kellogg &amp; Paine, 1914) n. comb. ex Pyrrhocorax graculus graculus: 138, male habitus, dorsal and ventral views. 139, female habitus, dorsal and ventral views." captionText-1="FIGURES 140 – 145. Hecatrishula biguttata (Kellogg &amp; Paine, 1914) n. comb. ex Pyrrhocorax graculus graculus: 140, male head, dorsal and ventral views. 141, female antenna, ventral view. 142, male genitalia, dorsal view. 143, mesosome, ventral view. 144, paramere, dorsal view. 145, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral view." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/883234/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/883236/files/figure.png" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Figs 138–145</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="43926574FFD1FF98FF7467F0FC43F9C3" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="0B3736FFFFD1FF98FF7467F0FDBEF9A7" blockId="91.[151,906,1518,1632]" box="[151,631,1518,1541]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="2B9811D1FFD1FF98FF7467F0FDBEF9A7" box="[151,631,1518,1541]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFD1FF98FF7467F0FDBAF9A7" authority="Kellogg &amp; Paine, 1914: 234" authorityName="Kellogg &amp; Paine" authorityPageNumber="234" authorityYear="1914" box="[151,627,1518,1541]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Nirmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biguttatus">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD1FF98FF7467F0FE84F9A7" box="[151,333,1518,1541]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Nirmus biguttatus</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="8A2910EEFFD1FF98FEB067EEFDBAF9A7" author="Kellogg" box="[339,627,1518,1540]" page="234" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" year="1914">
<bibRefCitation id="6F194B0EFFD1FF98FEB067EEFD88F9A7" author="Kellogg" box="[339,577,1518,1540]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" refString="Kellogg, V. L. &amp; Paine, J. H. (1914) Mallophaga from birds (mostly Corvidae and Phasianidae) of India and neighbouring countries. Records of the Indian Museum, 10, 217 - 243." type="journal article" year="1914">Kellogg &amp; Paine, 1914</bibRefCitation>
: 234
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0B3736FFFFD1FF98FF74640DFC43F9C3" blockId="91.[151,906,1518,1632]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="2B9811D1FFD1FF98FF74640DFC43F9C3" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFD1FF98FF74640DFDBDF980" authority="(Kellogg &amp; Paine, 1914)" baseAuthorityName="Kellogg &amp; Paine" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[151,628,1549,1571]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Degeeriella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biguttata">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD1FF98FF74640DFEB9F980" box="[151,368,1549,1571]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Degeeriella biguttata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="6F194B0EFFD1FF98FE9E640DFDA5F980" author="Kellogg" box="[381,620,1549,1571]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" refString="Kellogg, V. L. &amp; Paine, J. H. (1914) Mallophaga from birds (mostly Corvidae and Phasianidae) of India and neighbouring countries. Records of the Indian Museum, 10, 217 - 243." type="journal article" year="1914">Kellogg &amp; Paine, 1914</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
;
<treatmentCitation id="8A2910EEFFD1FF98FD9D640DFC85F980" author="Harrison" box="[638,844,1549,1571]" page="109" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" year="1915">
<bibRefCitation id="6F194B0EFFD1FF98FD9D640DFCD0F980" author="Harrison" box="[638,793,1549,1571]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" refString="Harrison, L. (1915) On a new family and five new genera of Mallophaga. Parasitology, 7, 383 - 407." type="journal article" year="1915">Harrison, 1915</bibRefCitation>
: 109
</treatmentCitation>
.
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFD1FF98FF74642CFD9DF9E1" authority="(Kellogg &amp; Paine, 1914)" baseAuthorityName="Kellogg &amp; Paine" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[151,596,1580,1602]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Brueelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biguttata">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD1FF98FF74642CFE99F9E1" box="[151,336,1580,1602]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Brueelia biguttata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="6F194B0EFFD1FF98FEBE642CFD85F9E1" author="Kellogg" box="[349,588,1580,1602]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" refString="Kellogg, V. L. &amp; Paine, J. H. (1914) Mallophaga from birds (mostly Corvidae and Phasianidae) of India and neighbouring countries. Records of the Indian Museum, 10, 217 - 243." type="journal article" year="1914">Kellogg &amp; Paine, 1914</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
;
<treatmentCitation id="8A2910EEFFD1FF98FDBD642CFCA2F9E1" author="Hopkins" box="[606,875,1580,1602]" page="53" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" year="1952">
<bibRefCitation id="6F194B0EFFD1FF98FDBD642CFC8CF9E1" author="Hopkins" box="[606,837,1580,1602]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" refString="Hopkins, G. H. &amp; Clay, T. (1952) A check list of the genera &amp; species of Mallophaga. British Museum (Natural History), London. 362 pp." type="book" year="1952">Hopkins &amp; Clay, 1952</bibRefCitation>
: 53
</treatmentCitation>
.
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFD1FF98FF74644BFD45F9C3" authority="(Kellogg &amp; Paine, 1914)" baseAuthorityName="Kellogg &amp; Paine" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[151,652,1610,1632]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Corvonirmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biguttatus">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD1FF98FF74644BFE41F9C3" box="[151,392,1610,1632]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Corvonirmus biguttatus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="6F194B0EFFD1FF98FE76644AFD4DF9C3" author="Kellogg" box="[405,644,1610,1632]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" refString="Kellogg, V. L. &amp; Paine, J. H. (1914) Mallophaga from birds (mostly Corvidae and Phasianidae) of India and neighbouring countries. Records of the Indian Museum, 10, 217 - 243." type="journal article" year="1914">Kellogg &amp; Paine, 1914</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
;
<treatmentCitation id="8A2910EEFFD1FF98FD75644AFC4FF9C3" author="Zlotorzycka" box="[662,902,1610,1632]" page="189" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" year="1997">
<bibRefCitation id="6F194B0EFFD1FF98FD75644AFC9AF9C3" author="Zlotorzycka" box="[662,851,1610,1632]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" refString="Zlotorzycka, J. (1997) Lice (Mallophaga). Specific part Goniodidae and Philopteridae. Acta Universitatis Wratislaviensis No. 1989. Wroclaw Scientific Printing, Wroclaw. 308 pp." type="book" year="1997">Złotorzycka, 1997</bibRefCitation>
: 189
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="43926574FFD1FF98FF746488FB9BF8F5" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="0B3736FFFFD1FF98FF746488FACAF93D" blockId="91.[151,1437,1672,1878]" box="[151,1283,1672,1694]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD1FF98FF746488FECCF93D" bold="true" box="[151,261,1672,1694]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
<typeStatus id="D433885DFFD1FF98FF746488FF05F93D" box="[151,204,1672,1694]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Type</typeStatus>
host.
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFD1FF98FEEF6488FD3FF93D" authority="Ehrenberg, 1833" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1833" box="[268,758,1672,1694]" class="Aves" family="Corvidae" genus="Pyrrhocorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="graculus" subSpecies="digitatus">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD1FF98FEEF6488FD82F93D" box="[268,587,1672,1694]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Pyrrhocorax graculus digitatus</emphasis>
Ehrenberg, 1833
</taxonomicName>
—yellow-billed chough [as
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFD1FF98FBF76488FB3DF93D" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1766" box="[1044,1268,1672,1694]" class="Aves" family="Corvidae" genus="Pyrrhocorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="graculus">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD1FF98FBF76488FB3DF93D" box="[1044,1268,1672,1694]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Pyrrhocorax graculus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0B3736FFFFD1FF98FF2464A6FB59F91F" blockId="91.[151,1437,1672,1878]" box="[199,1168,1702,1724]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
<materialsCitation id="BBE03CA2FFD1FF98FF2464A6FB59F91F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1587279657" box="[199,1168,1702,1724]" country="India" county="Gilgit" location="Little Pamir" municipality="Sarhad" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Tibet" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD1FF98FF2464A6FE9CF91F" bold="true" box="[199,341,1702,1724]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
<typeStatus id="D433885DFFD1FF98FF2464A6FF35F91F" box="[199,252,1702,1724]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Type</typeStatus>
locality.
</emphasis>
<collectingCounty id="E2564E73FFD1FF98FEBF64A6FE50F91F" box="[348,409,1702,1724]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Gilgit</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="EB53AC85FFD1FF98FE4764A6FE23F91F" box="[420,490,1702,1724]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Sarhad</collectingMunicipality>
and
<location id="0E576024FFD1FF98FDF864A6FD5EF91F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:832187E9FFD1FF9DFF746784FCCDFADB:0E576024FFD1FF98FDF864A6FD5EF91F" box="[539,663,1702,1724]" country="India" county="Gilgit" municipality="Sarhad" name="Little Pamir" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" stateProvince="Tibet">Little Pamir</location>
, Northwest Frontier of
<collectingCountry id="739F766FFFD1FF98FC6064A6FC73F91F" box="[899,954,1702,1724]" name="India" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">India</collectingCountry>
;
<location id="0E576024FFD1FF98FC2664A6FB83F91F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:832187E9FFD1FF9DFF746784FCCDFADB:0E576024FFD1FF98FC2664A6FB83F91F" box="[965,1098,1702,1724]" country="India" county="Gilgit" municipality="Sarhad" name="Khambajong" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" stateProvince="Tibet">Khambajong</location>
,
<collectingRegion id="C94CF81DFFD1FF98FBB764A6FB45F91F" box="[1108,1164,1702,1724]" country="China" name="Xizang" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Tibet</collectingRegion>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0B3736FFFFD1FF98FF2464C5FB9BF8F5" blockId="91.[151,1437,1672,1878]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD1FF98FF2464C5FCBCF978" bold="true" box="[199,885,1733,1755]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
Other hosts.
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFD1FF98FEBF64C5FCBCF978" authority="graculus (Linnaeus, 1758)" authorityName="graculus (Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[348,885,1733,1755]" class="Aves" family="Corvidae" genus="Pyrrhocorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="graculus" subSpecies="graculus">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD1FF98FEBF64C5FD79F978" bold="true" box="[348,688,1733,1755]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Pyrrhocorax graculus graculus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="6F194B0EFFD1FF98FD2164C5FCA7F978" author="Linnaeus" box="[706,878,1733,1755]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" refString="Linnaeus, C. von (1758) Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tenth Edition. Volume 1. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae. iv + 824 pp." type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
—yellow-billed chough.
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFD1FF98FB6964C5FDE9F959" authority="(Vieillot, 1817)" baseAuthorityName="Vieillot" baseAuthorityYear="1817" class="Aves" family="Corvidae" genus="Pyrrhocorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="pyrrhocorax" subSpecies="erythroramphos">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD1FF98FB6964C5FDE9F959" bold="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD1FF98FB6964C5FEA7F959" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax erythroramphos</emphasis>
(Vieillot, 1817)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[Ref.:
<bibRefCitation id="6F194B0EFFD1FF98FD9664E4FCC0F959" author="Ansari" box="[629,777,1764,1786]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" refString="Ansari, R. A. M. (1956 d) Some New Ischnoceran Mallophaga in the Zoological Survey Department, Karachi. Pakistan Journal of Scientific Research, 8, 10 - 22." type="journal article" year="1956" yearSuffix="d">Ansari 1956d</bibRefCitation>
: 392, as
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFD1FF98FC9564E4FADEF959" authority="pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax" authorityName="pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax (Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[886,1303,1764,1786]" class="Aves" family="Corvidae" genus="Pyrrhocorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="pyrrhocorax" subSpecies="pyrrhocorax">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD1FF98FC9564E4FADEF959" bold="true" box="[886,1303,1764,1786]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
]—red-billed chough.
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFD1FF98FECA6502FC4EF8BB" authority="(Gould, 1862)" baseAuthorityName="Gould" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[297,903,1794,1816]" class="Aves" family="Corvidae" genus="Pyrrhocorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="pyrrhocorax" subSpecies="himalayanus">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD1FF98FECA6502FC4EF8BB" bold="true" box="[297,903,1794,1816]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD1FF98FECA6502FD11F8BB" bold="true" box="[297,728,1794,1816]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax himalayanus</emphasis>
(Gould, 1862)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[Ref.:
<bibRefCitation id="6F194B0EFFD1FF98FC076502FBB2F8BB" author="Ansari" box="[996,1147,1794,1816]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" refString="Ansari, R. A. M. (1956 d) Some New Ischnoceran Mallophaga in the Zoological Survey Department, Karachi. Pakistan Journal of Scientific Research, 8, 10 - 22." type="journal article" year="1956" yearSuffix="d">Ansari 1956d</bibRefCitation>
: 392]—red-billed chough.
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFD1FF98FF246521FD35F894" authority="(S. G. Gmelin, 1774)" authorityName="S.G. Gmelin" authorityYear="1774" baseAuthorityName="S. G. Gmelin" baseAuthorityYear="1774" box="[199,764,1825,1847]" class="Aves" family="Corvidae" genus="Pyrrhocorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="pyrrhocorax" subSpecies="docilis">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD1FF98FF246521FD35F894" bold="true" box="[199,764,1825,1847]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD1FF98FF246521FDE9F894" bold="true" box="[199,544,1825,1847]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax docilis</emphasis>
(S.G. Gmelin, 1774)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[Ref.:
<bibRefCitation id="6F194B0EFFD1FF98FCA56521FC1DF894" author="Ansari" box="[838,980,1825,1847]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" refString="Ansari, R. A. M. (1956 d) Some New Ischnoceran Mallophaga in the Zoological Survey Department, Karachi. Pakistan Journal of Scientific Research, 8, 10 - 22." type="journal article" year="1956" yearSuffix="d">Ansari 1956d</bibRefCitation>
: 302, as
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD1FF98FBD26521FA54F894" bold="true" box="[1073,1437,1825,1847]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFD1FF98FBD26521FA4DF894" box="[1073,1412,1825,1847]" class="Aves" family="Corvidae" genus="Pyrrhocorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="pyrrhocorax" subSpecies="pontif">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD1FF98FBD26521FA4DF894" bold="true" box="[1073,1412,1825,1847]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax pontif</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
ex
</emphasis>
from
<collectingCountry id="739F766FFFD1FF98FF1D6540FEF5F8F5" box="[254,316,1856,1878]" name="Iran" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Persia</collectingCountry>
and
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFD1FF98FE8E6540FCC8F8F5" authority="pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax" authorityName="pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax (Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[365,769,1856,1878]" class="Aves" family="Corvidae" genus="Pyrrhocorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="pyrrhocorax" subSpecies="pyrrhocorax">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD1FF98FE8E6540FCC8F8F5" bold="true" box="[365,769,1856,1878]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingRegion id="C94CF81DFFD1FF98FCDC6540FCBFF8F5" box="[831,886,1856,1878]" country="Greece" name="Kriti" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Crete</collectingRegion>
]—red-billed chough.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="43926574FFD1FF9DFF746582FC81FD0B" lastPageId="94" lastPageNumber="95" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" type="description">
<paragraph id="0B3736FFFFD1FF9FFF746582FCBEFF5B" blockId="91.[151,1436,1922,2019]" lastBlockId="92.[151,1436,151,248]" lastPageId="92" lastPageNumber="93" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD1FF98FF746582FE78F839" bold="true" box="[151,433,1922,1947]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
Description.
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD1FF98FED16582FE78F839" bold="true" box="[306,433,1922,1947]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Both sexes</emphasis>
</emphasis>
. Head shape, structure, and chaetotaxy as in genus description and
<figureCitation id="93B32A7AFFD1FF98FB266582FAE1F838" box="[1221,1320,1922,1947]" captionStart="FIGURES 140 – 145" captionStartId="93.[151,264,1945,1967]" captionTargetBox="[205,1356,255,1886]" captionTargetId="figure@93.[185,1376,229,1914]" captionTargetPageId="93" captionText="FIGURES 140 – 145. Hecatrishula biguttata (Kellogg &amp; Paine, 1914) n. comb. ex Pyrrhocorax graculus graculus: 140, male head, dorsal and ventral views. 141, female antenna, ventral view. 142, male genitalia, dorsal view. 143, mesosome, ventral view. 144, paramere, dorsal view. 145, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/883236/files/figure.png" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Fig. 140</figureCitation>
. Marginal carina wide, irregular. Ventral carina narrow but visible anterior to pulvinus, not clearly continuous with marginal carina. Preantennal nodi slender. Coni wide but short. Pre- and postocular nodi moderate in size;
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD1FF98FB1365CCFADEF840" box="[1264,1303,1996,2019]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">pos</emphasis>
on anterior margin of postocular nodi. Gular plate large, rugose medianly, with slight lateral projections. Pigmentation almost uniformly brown. Thoracic and abdominal segments as in genus and subgenus descriptions and
<figureCitation id="93B32A7AFFD6FF9FFB2062BCFA96FF77" box="[1219,1375,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURES 138 – 139" captionStartId="92.[151,264,1975,1997]" captionTargetBox="[174,1405,314,1959]" captionTargetId="figure@92.[151,1436,301,1972]" captionTargetPageId="92" captionText="FIGURES 138 – 139. Hecatrishula biguttata (Kellogg &amp; Paine, 1914) n. comb. ex Pyrrhocorax graculus graculus: 138, male habitus, dorsal and ventral views. 139, female habitus, dorsal and ventral views." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/883234/files/figure.png" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Figs 138–139</figureCitation>
;
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD6FF9FFA8962BDFA55FF77" box="[1386,1436,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">ppss</emphasis>
on postero-lateral corners. Pigmentation almost uniformly brown.
</paragraph>
<caption id="5FF76677FFD6FF9FFF7465B7FC08F84F" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/883234/files/figure.png" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" targetBox="[174,1405,314,1959]" targetPageId="92">
<paragraph id="0B3736FFFFD6FF9FFF7465B7FC08F84F" blockId="92.[151,1436,1975,2028]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD6FF9FFF7465B7FEA7F86E" bold="true" box="[151,366,1975,1997]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">FIGURES 138–139.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFD6FF9FFE9765B7FC96F86E" authority="(Kellogg &amp; Paine, 1914)" authorityName="Bush" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Kellogg &amp; Paine" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[372,863,1975,1997]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Hecatrishula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biguttata" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD6FF9FFE9765B7FD95F86E" box="[372,604,1975,1997]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Hecatrishula biguttata</emphasis>
(Kellogg &amp; Paine, 1914)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="22CF5796FFD6FF9FFC8565B7FC0AF86E" box="[870,963,1975,1997]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD6FF9FFC8565B7FC0AF86E" bold="true" box="[870,963,1975,1997]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">n. comb.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
ex
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFD6FF9FFC0A65B7FAE0F86E" authority="graculus" authorityName="graculus (Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1001,1321,1975,1997]" class="Aves" family="Corvidae" genus="Pyrrhocorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="graculus" subSpecies="graculus">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD6FF9FFC0A65B7FAE0F86E" box="[1001,1321,1975,1997]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Pyrrhocorax graculus graculus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD6FF9FFAD465B7FAAAF86E" bold="true" box="[1335,1379,1975,1997]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">138,</emphasis>
male habitus, dorsal and ventral views.
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD6FF9FFE1365D6FDD5F84F" bold="true" box="[496,540,2006,2028]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">139,</emphasis>
female habitus, dorsal and ventral views.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="5FF76677FFD7FF9EFF746599FB95F84F" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/883236/files/figure.png" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" targetBox="[205,1356,255,1886]" targetPageId="93">
<paragraph id="0B3736FFFFD7FF9EFF746599FB95F84F" blockId="93.[151,1436,1945,2028]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD7FF9EFF746599FEA7F80C" bold="true" box="[151,366,1945,1967]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">FIGURES 140–145.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFD7FF9EFE976599FC96F80C" authority="(Kellogg &amp; Paine, 1914)" authorityName="Bush" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Kellogg &amp; Paine" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[372,863,1945,1967]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Hecatrishula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biguttata" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD7FF9EFE976599FD95F80C" box="[372,604,1945,1967]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Hecatrishula biguttata</emphasis>
(Kellogg &amp; Paine, 1914)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="22CF5796FFD7FF9EFC856599FC0AF80C" box="[870,963,1945,1967]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD7FF9EFC856599FC0AF80C" bold="true" box="[870,963,1945,1967]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">n. comb.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
ex
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFD7FF9EFC0A6599FAE0F80C" authority="graculus" authorityName="graculus (Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1001,1321,1945,1967]" class="Aves" family="Corvidae" genus="Pyrrhocorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="graculus" subSpecies="graculus">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD7FF9EFC0A6599FAE0F80C" box="[1001,1321,1945,1967]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Pyrrhocorax graculus graculus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD7FF9EFAD46599FAAAF80C" bold="true" box="[1335,1379,1945,1967]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">140,</emphasis>
male head, dorsal and ventral views.
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD7FF9EFE0265B7FDC7F86E" bold="true" box="[481,526,1975,1997]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">141,</emphasis>
female antenna, ventral view.
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD7FF9EFCAD65B7FCB3F86E" bold="true" box="[846,890,1975,1997]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">142,</emphasis>
male genitalia, dorsal view.
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD7FF9EFB4465B7FB1AF86E" bold="true" box="[1191,1235,1975,1997]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">143,</emphasis>
mesosome, ventral view.
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD7FF9EFF3065D6FF36F84F" bold="true" box="[211,255,2006,2028]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">144,</emphasis>
paramere, dorsal view.
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD7FF9EFE1265D6FDD5F84F" bold="true" box="[497,540,2006,2028]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">145,</emphasis>
female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="0B3736FFFFD4FF9DFF246297FC81FE0E" blockId="94.[151,1437,151,1400]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
<collectingRegion id="C94CF81DFFD4FF9DFF246297FECBFF13" box="[199,258,151,176]" country="Maldives" name="Maale" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD4FF9DFF246297FECBFF13" bold="true" box="[199,258,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Male</emphasis>
</collectingRegion>
. Scape (
<figureCitation id="93B32A7AFFD4FF9DFE806297FE0BFF13" box="[355,450,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURES 140 – 145" captionStartId="93.[151,264,1945,1967]" captionTargetBox="[205,1356,255,1886]" captionTargetId="figure@93.[185,1376,229,1914]" captionTargetPageId="93" captionText="FIGURES 140 – 145. Hecatrishula biguttata (Kellogg &amp; Paine, 1914) n. comb. ex Pyrrhocorax graculus graculus: 140, male head, dorsal and ventral views. 141, female antenna, ventral view. 142, male genitalia, dorsal view. 143, mesosome, ventral view. 144, paramere, dorsal view. 145, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/883236/files/figure.png" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Fig. 140</figureCitation>
) longer than in female (
<figureCitation id="93B32A7AFFD4FF9DFD326297FCFAFF13" box="[721,819,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURES 140 – 145" captionStartId="93.[151,264,1945,1967]" captionTargetBox="[205,1356,255,1886]" captionTargetId="figure@93.[185,1376,229,1914]" captionTargetPageId="93" captionText="FIGURES 140 – 145. Hecatrishula biguttata (Kellogg &amp; Paine, 1914) n. comb. ex Pyrrhocorax graculus graculus: 140, male head, dorsal and ventral views. 141, female antenna, ventral view. 142, male genitalia, dorsal view. 143, mesosome, ventral view. 144, paramere, dorsal view. 145, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/883236/files/figure.png" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Fig. 141</figureCitation>
), slightly swollen. Abdominal chaetotaxy as in
<tableCitation id="460A0344FFD4FF9DFAAA6297FA55FF13" box="[1353,1436,151,176]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="30.[151,239,796,819]" captionText="TABLE 2. Summary of abdominal chaetotaxy of segments II – VIII for the Brueelia - complex, including both genera and subgenera. In genera where chaetotaxy differs between species group (marked with *), only that of the type species is given here, and more detailed accounts are given separately under the respective genus entries and in Tables 3 – 12. Trichoid setae of segment VIII are present in all genera, and are not listed. Abbreviations: ps = paratergal seta; aps = accessory post-spiracular seta; psps = principal post-spiracular seta; tps = tergal posterior seta; ss = sutural seta; sts = sternal seta." pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Table 2</tableCitation>
and
<figureCitation id="93B32A7AFFD4FF9DFF2562BCFEEFFF77" box="[198,294,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURES 138 – 139" captionStartId="92.[151,264,1975,1997]" captionTargetBox="[174,1405,314,1959]" captionTargetId="figure@92.[151,1436,301,1972]" captionTargetPageId="92" captionText="FIGURES 138 – 139. Hecatrishula biguttata (Kellogg &amp; Paine, 1914) n. comb. ex Pyrrhocorax graculus graculus: 138, male habitus, dorsal and ventral views. 139, female habitus, dorsal and ventral views." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/883234/files/figure.png" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Fig. 138</figureCitation>
.
<collectingRegion id="C94CF81DFFD4FF9DFED262BCFEA2FF76" box="[305,363,188,213]" country="Maldives" name="Maale" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Male</collectingRegion>
genitalia typical for genus (
<figureCitation id="93B32A7AFFD4FF9DFD4662BCFCCEFF77" box="[677,775,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURES 140 – 145" captionStartId="93.[151,264,1945,1967]" captionTargetBox="[205,1356,255,1886]" captionTargetId="figure@93.[185,1376,229,1914]" captionTargetPageId="93" captionText="FIGURES 140 – 145. Hecatrishula biguttata (Kellogg &amp; Paine, 1914) n. comb. ex Pyrrhocorax graculus graculus: 140, male head, dorsal and ventral views. 141, female antenna, ventral view. 142, male genitalia, dorsal view. 143, mesosome, ventral view. 144, paramere, dorsal view. 145, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/883236/files/figure.png" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Fig. 142</figureCitation>
). Basal apodeme rounded rectangular. Proximal mesosome broad, rounded. Gonopore (
<figureCitation id="93B32A7AFFD4FF9DFE3162DFFDFBFF5B" box="[466,562,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURES 140 – 145" captionStartId="93.[151,264,1945,1967]" captionTargetBox="[205,1356,255,1886]" captionTargetId="figure@93.[185,1376,229,1914]" captionTargetPageId="93" captionText="FIGURES 140 – 145. Hecatrishula biguttata (Kellogg &amp; Paine, 1914) n. comb. ex Pyrrhocorax graculus graculus: 140, male head, dorsal and ventral views. 141, female antenna, ventral view. 142, male genitalia, dorsal view. 143, mesosome, ventral view. 144, paramere, dorsal view. 145, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/883236/files/figure.png" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Fig. 143</figureCitation>
) much elongated, narrowly open distally. Small U-shaped ventral thickening anterior to gonopore. Mesosomal lobes extended laterally, overlapping parameres. Median margin of lobes heavily papillate (
<figureCitation id="93B32A7AFFD4FF9DFEE96327FEB9FEE3" box="[266,368,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURES 140 – 145" captionStartId="93.[151,264,1945,1967]" captionTargetBox="[205,1356,255,1886]" captionTargetId="figure@93.[185,1376,229,1914]" captionTargetPageId="93" captionText="FIGURES 140 – 145. Hecatrishula biguttata (Kellogg &amp; Paine, 1914) n. comb. ex Pyrrhocorax graculus graculus: 140, male head, dorsal and ventral views. 141, female antenna, ventral view. 142, male genitalia, dorsal view. 143, mesosome, ventral view. 144, paramere, dorsal view. 145, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/883236/files/figure.png" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Fig. 143</figureCitation>
). 3 stout
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD4FF9DFE026329FDD2FEE3" box="[481,539,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">pmes</emphasis>
on each side of gonopore. Parameral heads 4-fingered (
<figureCitation id="93B32A7AFFD4FF9DFB4D6327FADDFEE3" box="[1198,1300,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURES 140 – 145" captionStartId="93.[151,264,1945,1967]" captionTargetBox="[205,1356,255,1886]" captionTargetId="figure@93.[185,1376,229,1914]" captionTargetPageId="93" captionText="FIGURES 140 – 145. Hecatrishula biguttata (Kellogg &amp; Paine, 1914) n. comb. ex Pyrrhocorax graculus graculus: 140, male head, dorsal and ventral views. 141, female antenna, ventral view. 142, male genitalia, dorsal view. 143, mesosome, ventral view. 144, paramere, dorsal view. 145, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/883236/files/figure.png" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Fig. 144</figureCitation>
). Parameral blades bent around mesosome, slightly elongated distally;
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD4FF9DFCC7634CFC9AFEC7" box="[804,851,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">pst1</emphasis>
sensillus, near distal tip;
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD4FF9DFB8C634CFB57FEC7" box="[1135,1182,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">pst2</emphasis>
microseta, lateral near distal tip. Measurements ex
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFD4FF9DFE32636FFCF8FE2B" authority="graculus" authorityName="graculus (Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[465,817,367,392]" class="Aves" family="Corvidae" genus="Pyrrhocorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="graculus" subSpecies="graculus">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD4FF9DFE32636FFCF8FE2B" box="[465,817,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Pyrrhocorax graculus graculus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(n = 2): TL = 1.36–1.47; HL = 0.42–0.43; HW = 0.40– 0.41; PRW = 0.23–0.25; PTW = 0.35–0.43; AW = 0.49–0.50.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0B3736FFFFD4FF9DFF2463B7FC81FD0B" blockId="94.[151,1437,151,1400]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD4FF9DFF2463B7FED7FE73" bold="true" box="[199,286,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Female</emphasis>
. Scape not swollen (
<figureCitation id="93B32A7AFFD4FF9DFDF763B7FDB3FE73" box="[532,634,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURES 140 – 145" captionStartId="93.[151,264,1945,1967]" captionTargetBox="[205,1356,255,1886]" captionTargetId="figure@93.[185,1376,229,1914]" captionTargetPageId="93" captionText="FIGURES 140 – 145. Hecatrishula biguttata (Kellogg &amp; Paine, 1914) n. comb. ex Pyrrhocorax graculus graculus: 140, male head, dorsal and ventral views. 141, female antenna, ventral view. 142, male genitalia, dorsal view. 143, mesosome, ventral view. 144, paramere, dorsal view. 145, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/883236/files/figure.png" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Fig. 141</figureCitation>
). Abdominal chaetotaxy as in
<tableCitation id="460A0344FFD4FF9DFC3D63B7FBFDFE73" box="[990,1076,439,464]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="30.[151,239,796,819]" captionText="TABLE 2. Summary of abdominal chaetotaxy of segments II – VIII for the Brueelia - complex, including both genera and subgenera. In genera where chaetotaxy differs between species group (marked with *), only that of the type species is given here, and more detailed accounts are given separately under the respective genus entries and in Tables 3 – 12. Trichoid setae of segment VIII are present in all genera, and are not listed. Abbreviations: ps = paratergal seta; aps = accessory post-spiracular seta; psps = principal post-spiracular seta; tps = tergal posterior seta; ss = sutural seta; sts = sternal seta." pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Table 2</tableCitation>
and
<figureCitation id="93B32A7AFFD4FF9DFB9263B7FB1CFE73" box="[1137,1237,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURES 138 – 139" captionStartId="92.[151,264,1975,1997]" captionTargetBox="[174,1405,314,1959]" captionTargetId="figure@92.[151,1436,301,1972]" captionTargetPageId="92" captionText="FIGURES 138 – 139. Hecatrishula biguttata (Kellogg &amp; Paine, 1914) n. comb. ex Pyrrhocorax graculus graculus: 138, male habitus, dorsal and ventral views. 139, female habitus, dorsal and ventral views." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/883234/files/figure.png" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Fig. 139</figureCitation>
. Subgenital plate broadly triangular (
<figureCitation id="93B32A7AFFD4FF9DFE9463DCFE15FE56" box="[375,476,476,501]" captionStart="FIGURES 140 – 145" captionStartId="93.[151,264,1945,1967]" captionTargetBox="[205,1356,255,1886]" captionTargetId="figure@93.[185,1376,229,1914]" captionTargetPageId="93" captionText="FIGURES 140 – 145. Hecatrishula biguttata (Kellogg &amp; Paine, 1914) n. comb. ex Pyrrhocorax graculus graculus: 140, male head, dorsal and ventral views. 141, female antenna, ventral view. 142, male genitalia, dorsal view. 143, mesosome, ventral view. 144, paramere, dorsal view. 145, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/883236/files/figure.png" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Fig. 145</figureCitation>
), with only narrow median section approaching or reaching vulval margin. Vulval margin (
<figureCitation id="93B32A7AFFD4FF9DFF1563FFFE9EFDBB" box="[246,343,511,536]" captionStart="FIGURES 140 – 145" captionStartId="93.[151,264,1945,1967]" captionTargetBox="[205,1356,255,1886]" captionTargetId="figure@93.[185,1376,229,1914]" captionTargetPageId="93" captionText="FIGURES 140 – 145. Hecatrishula biguttata (Kellogg &amp; Paine, 1914) n. comb. ex Pyrrhocorax graculus graculus: 140, male head, dorsal and ventral views. 141, female antenna, ventral view. 142, male genitalia, dorsal view. 143, mesosome, ventral view. 144, paramere, dorsal view. 145, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/883236/files/figure.png" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Fig. 145</figureCitation>
) gently rounded, with 7–8 long, slender
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD4FF9DFCCA6001FC9CFDBB" box="[809,853,513,536]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">vms</emphasis>
on each side, and 4–6 stout, spine-like
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD4FF9DFAFA6001FAF2FDBB" box="[1305,1339,513,536]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">vss</emphasis>
on each side; 4–5 slender
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD4FF9DFEB86025FE49FD9F" box="[347,384,549,572]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">vos</emphasis>
on each side; the distal 2
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD4FF9DFD7C6025FD0DFD9F" box="[671,708,549,572]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">vos</emphasis>
median to
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD4FF9DFCA26025FCAAFD9F" box="[833,867,549,572]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">vss</emphasis>
. Measurements ex
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFD4FF9DFBDF6024FA55FD9E" authority="graculus" authorityName="graculus (Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1084,1436,548,573]" class="Aves" family="Corvidae" genus="Pyrrhocorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="graculus" subSpecies="graculus">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD4FF9DFBDF6024FA55FD9E" box="[1084,1436,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Pyrrhocorax graculus graculus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(n = 12): TL = 1.51–1.88 (1.71); HL = 0.44–0.48 (0.46); HW = 0.41–0.46 (0.43); PRW = 0.23–0.28 (0.25); PTW = 0.37–0.45 (0.41); AW = 0.49–0.65 (0.57). Ex
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFD4FF9DFD74606DFCF8FD26" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1833" box="[663,817,620,645]" class="Aves" family="Corvidae" genus="Pyrrhocorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="graculus" subSpecies="digitatus">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD4FF9DFD74606DFD6CFD27" box="[663,677,621,644]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">P</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD4FF9DFD50606DFD08FD27" box="[691,705,621,644]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">g</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD4FF9DFD2C606CFCF8FD26" box="[719,817,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">digitatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(n = 2): TL = 1.65–1.83; HL = 0.46–0.47; HW = 0.42– 0.46; PRW = 0.25–0.27; PTW = 0.40–0.44; AW = 0.58–0.65.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="43926574FFD4FF9DFF2460B4FB91FC64" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="0B3736FFFFD4FF9DFF2460B4FD3CFC23" blockId="94.[151,1437,151,1400]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD4FF9DFF2460B4FE67FD6E" bold="true" box="[199,430,692,717]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Material examined</emphasis>
(non-types). Ex
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD4FF9DFD9460B4FC3DFD6E" bold="true" box="[631,1012,692,717]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFD4FF9DFD9460B4FC22FD6E" authority="graculus" authorityName="graculus (Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[631,1003,692,717]" class="Aves" family="Corvidae" genus="Pyrrhocorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="graculus" subSpecies="graculus">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD4FF9DFD9460B4FC22FD6E" bold="true" box="[631,1003,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Pyrrhocorax graculus graculus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
</emphasis>
5♂, 9♀, “Pyrenées”,
<date id="7F36103FFFD4FF9DFB1860B4FABAFD6F" box="[1275,1395,692,716]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" value="1932-04">Apr. 1932</date>
, R. Meinertzhagen, 822, 3013–4 (NHML) [one slide contains one female
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFD4FF9DFC0360D7FB02FD53" authorityName="Bush" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Ansari" baseAuthorityYear="1956" box="[992,1227,727,752]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Hecatrishula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="docilis">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD4FF9DFC0360D7FB02FD53" box="[992,1227,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Hecatrishula docilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
]. 1♂, 4♀, Ibach, Schwyz, Switzerland,
<date id="7F36103FFFD4FF9DFE7560FCFDFDFCB6" box="[406,564,764,789]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" value="1965-12-12">12 Dec. 1965</date>
, W. Büttiker, 114-1–2 (NHML); 1♂, 1♀, Andermatt, Uri, Switzerland,
<date id="7F36103FFFD4FF9DFA8860FCFF1BFC9B" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" value="1942-04">Apr. 1942</date>
, W. Büttiker, 314, Brit. Mus. 1966-653 (NHML); 1♀, Julijske Alpe, Slovenia,
<date id="7F36103FFFD4FF9DFB8B611FFB24FC9B" box="[1128,1261,799,824]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" value="1955-07-05">5 Jul. 1955</date>
, S. Brelih, 499 (PMSL); 1♂, 4♀, Kaminske Alpe, Slovenia,
<date id="7F36103FFFD4FF9DFD756144FCFBFCFE" box="[662,818,836,861]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" value="1953-03-29">29 Mar. 1953</date>
, S. Brelih, 200, 1557–8, 2476–7 (PMSL); 1♀, Julijske Alpe, Slovenia,
<date id="7F36103FFFD4FF9DFEA86167FE03FC23" box="[331,458,871,896]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" value="1955-07-05">5 Jul. 1955</date>
, S. Brelih, 2555 (NMNH).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0B3736FFFFD4FF9DFF24618DFB91FC64" blockId="94.[151,1437,151,1400]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
Ex
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD4FF9DFF12618CFBDFFC06" bold="true" box="[241,1046,908,933]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFD4FF9DFF12618CFDAAFC06" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1833" box="[241,611,908,933]" class="Aves" family="Corvidae" genus="Pyrrhocorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="graculus" subSpecies="digitatus">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD4FF9DFF12618CFDAAFC06" bold="true" box="[241,611,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Pyrrhocorax graculus digitatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[as
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFD4FF9DFD7F618CFBCAFC06" authorityName="Stoliczka" authorityYear="1874" box="[668,1027,908,933]" class="Aves" family="Corvidae" genus="Pyrrhocorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="graculus" subSpecies="forsythi">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD4FF9DFD7F618CFBCAFC06" bold="true" box="[668,1027,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Pyrrhocorax graculus forsythi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
]:
</emphasis>
2♀, Ladakh, Jammu &amp; Kashmir State, India,
<date id="7F36103FFFD4FF9DFEC761B0FE5EFC6B" box="[292,407,943,968]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" value="1925-04">Apr. 1925</date>
, 3015 (NHML) [slide contains one male
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFD4FF9DFC8061AFFB8EFC6B" authorityName="Bush" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Ansari" baseAuthorityYear="1956" box="[867,1095,943,968]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Hecatrishula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="docilis">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD4FF9DFC8061AFFB8EFC6B" box="[867,1095,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Hecatrishula docilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="43926574FFD4FF9DFF2461D4FEE8FBDE" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="0B3736FFFFD4FF9DFF2461D4FEE8FBDE" blockId="94.[151,1437,151,1400]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD4FF9DFF2461D4FEF2FC4E" bold="true" box="[199,315,980,1005]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Remarks.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="6F194B0EFFD4FF9DFEA061D4FD45FC4F" author="Kellogg" box="[323,652,980,1005]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" refString="Kellogg, V. L. &amp; Paine, J. H. (1914) Mallophaga from birds (mostly Corvidae and Phasianidae) of India and neighbouring countries. Records of the Indian Museum, 10, 217 - 243." type="journal article" year="1914">Kellogg &amp; Paine (1914: 234)</bibRefCitation>
originally described
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFD4FF9DFC9F61D4FB9DFC4E" box="[892,1108,980,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Brueelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biguttatus">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD4FF9DFC9F61D4FB9DFC4E" box="[892,1108,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Brueelia biguttatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFD4FF9DFB7961D4FAA5FC4E" authority="graculus" authorityName="graculus (Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1178,1388,980,1005]" class="Aves" family="Corvidae" genus="Pyrrhocorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="graculus" subSpecies="graculus">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD4FF9DFB7961D4FAA5FC4E" box="[1178,1388,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Graculus graculus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFD4FF9DFF7461F8FE65FBB3" authorityName="Gould" authorityYear="1849" box="[151,428,1015,1040]" class="Aves" family="Corvidae" genus="Nucifraga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="multipunctata">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD4FF9DFF7461F8FE65FBB3" box="[151,428,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Nucifraga multipunctata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingRegion id="C94CF81DFFD4FF9DFE1261F7FDBAFBB3" box="[497,627,1015,1040]" country="Cameroon" name="North-West" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">North-West</collectingRegion>
<collectingCountry id="739F766FFFD4FF9DFD9861F7FD71FBB3" box="[635,696,1015,1040]" name="India" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">India</collectingCountry>
. Material from the latter host species was subsequently described as a separate species,
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFD4FF9DFE77661CFC8FFB96" authority="Clay, 1936" authorityName="Clay" authorityYear="1936" box="[404,838,1052,1077]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Degeeriella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="multipunctata">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD4FF9DFE77661CFD77FB96" box="[404,702,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Degeeriella multipunctata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="6F194B0EFFD4FF9DFD24661CFC8FFB96" author="Clay" box="[711,838,1052,1077]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" refString="Clay, T. (1936) New species of Mallophaga recorded from Asiatic birds. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1935, 905 - 914." type="proceedings paper" year="1936">Clay, 1936</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. The correct subspecies of
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFD4FF9DFB61661CFAB4FB96" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1766" box="[1154,1405,1052,1077]" class="Aves" family="Corvidae" genus="Pyrrhocorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="graculus">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD4FF9DFB61661CFAB4FB96" box="[1154,1405,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Pyrrhocorax graculus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in
<collectingCountry id="739F766FFFD4FF9DFF74663FFF18FBFB" box="[151,209,1087,1112]" name="India" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">India</collectingCountry>
is
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFD4FF9DFF106641FE14FBFB" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1833" box="[243,477,1087,1112]" class="Aves" family="Corvidae" genus="Pyrrhocorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="graculus" subSpecies="digitatus">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD4FF9DFF106641FEC8FBFB" box="[243,257,1089,1112]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">P</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD4FF9DFEF2663FFE14FBFB" box="[273,477,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">graculus digitatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, not
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFD4FF9DFDFB6641FCC8FBFB" authority="graculus" authorityName="graculus (Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[536,769,1087,1112]" class="Aves" family="Corvidae" genus="Pyrrhocorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="graculus" subSpecies="graculus">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD4FF9DFDFB6641FDEFFBFB" box="[536,550,1089,1112]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">P</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD4FF9DFDD6663FFCC8FBFB" box="[565,769,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">graculus graculus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as stated by
<bibRefCitation id="6F194B0EFFD4FF9DFC74663FFB90FBFB" author="Clay" box="[919,1113,1087,1112]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" refString="Clay, T. (1936) New species of Mallophaga recorded from Asiatic birds. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1935, 905 - 914." type="proceedings paper" year="1936">Clay (1936: 906)</bibRefCitation>
and followed by
<bibRefCitation id="6F194B0EFFD4FF9DFAC2663FFF15FBDF" author="Price" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" refString="Price, R. D., Hellenthal, R. A. &amp; Palma, R. L. (2003) World checklist of chewing lice with host associations and keys to families and genera. In: Price, R. D., Hellenthal, R. A., Palma, R. L., Johnson, K. P. &amp; Clayton, D. H. The Chewing lice: world checklist and biological overview. Illinois Natural History Survey Special Publication 24. x + 501 pp." type="book" year="2003">
Price
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD4FF9DFA806641FA5CFBFB" box="[1379,1429,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">et al</emphasis>
. (2003
</bibRefCitation>
: 153).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="43926574FFD4FF9DFF246687FCCDFADB" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="0B3736FFFFD4FF9DFF246687FCCDFADB" blockId="94.[151,1437,151,1400]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFD4FF9DFF246687FE0FFB03" authorityName="Bush" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Kellogg &amp; Paine" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[199,454,1159,1184]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Hecatrishula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biguttata">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD4FF9DFF246687FE0FFB03" box="[199,454,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Hecatrishula biguttata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFD4FF9DFE1E6689FDBEFB03" baseAuthorityName="S. G. Gmelin" baseAuthorityYear="1774" box="[509,631,1159,1184]" class="Aves" family="Corvidae" genus="Pyrrhocorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="pyrrhocorax" subSpecies="docilis">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD4FF9DFE1E6689FDD7FB03" box="[509,542,1161,1184]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">He</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD4FF9DFDCE6687FDBEFB03" box="[557,631,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">docilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
both occur on the same host species, and some slides examined from a single host contain both species, suggesting that they even occur on the same host individual. Although there appears to be no geographical structure to their distributions, our material examined of both species is widely scattered and rarely extensive enough from any locality to draw any definite conclusions. Whether these two morphologically very distinct forms are actually two morphs of the same species, or two different species is not known, and should be established genetically. One possibility is that these taxa are in the early stages of morphological differentiation into different ecomorphs.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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