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<document ID-DOI="10.1643/i2020105" ID-ISSN="2766-1520" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7846738" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.tables_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.treatments_approvedBy="tatiana" checkinTime="1681927420572" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Tang, Kevin L., Stiassny, Melanie L. J., Mayden, Richard L. &amp; DeSalle, Robert" docDate="2021" docId="A0558C73FFB8FFD0931C1127923BFA52" docLanguage="en" docName="IchthyolHerpetol.109.1.258-318.pdf" docOrigin="Ichthyology &amp; Herpetology 109 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1643/i2020105" docStyle="DocumentStyle:25DEBD253B07840CEE0E8BE8BE2C6752.1:IchthyolHerpetol.2021-.journal_article" docStyleId="25DEBD253B07840CEE0E8BE8BE2C6752" docStyleName="IchthyolHerpetol.2021-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Microspathodontinae Jordan and Evermann 1898" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="282" masterDocId="5C6CF40BFFA0FFC8937B102A9327FE5D" masterDocTitle="Systematics of Damselfishes" masterLastPageNumber="318" masterPageNumber="258" pageNumber="282" updateTime="1683023015802" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>Systematics of Damselfishes</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Tang, Kevin L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Stiassny, Melanie L. J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Mayden, Richard L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>DeSalle, Robert</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title>Ichthyology &amp; Herpetology</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2021-05-05</mods:number>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>109</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.1643/i2020105</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">2766-1520</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">7846738</mods:identifier>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A0558C73FFB8FFD0931C1127923BFA52" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A0558C73FFB8FFD0931C1127923BFA52" lastPageNumber="282" pageId="24" pageNumber="282">
<subSubSection box="[103,494,269,292]" pageId="24" pageNumber="282" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="24.[103,494,269,292]" box="[103,494,269,292]" pageId="24" pageNumber="282">
<heading box="[103,494,269,292]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="24" pageNumber="282" reason="4">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[103,494,269,292]" pageId="24" pageNumber="282">
Subfamily
<taxonomicName authority="Jordan and Evermann, 1898" authorityName="Jordan and Evermann" authorityYear="1898" box="[232,494,269,292]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="282" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Microspathodontinae">Microspathodontinae</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="24" pageNumber="282" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="24.[103,773,315,1039]" pageId="24" pageNumber="282">
The subfamily
<taxonomicName box="[295,533,315,337]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="282" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Microspathodontinae">Microspathodontinae</taxonomicName>
is the sister group of all other pomacentrids.
<bibRefCitation author="Jordan, D. S. &amp; B. W. Evermann" box="[376,705,344,367]" pageId="24" pageNumber="282" pagination="1241 - 2183" refId="ref70275" refString="Jordan, D. S., and B. W. Evermann. 1898. The fishes of North and Middle America: a descriptive catalogue of the species of fish-like vertebrates found in the waters of North America, north of the Isthmus of Panama. Part II. Bulletin of the United States National Museum 47: 1241 - 2183." type="journal article" year="1898">Jordan and Evermann (1898)</bibRefCitation>
originally described the subfamily for only
<taxonomicName authorityName="Günther" authorityYear="1862" box="[597,765,373,395]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Microspathodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="282" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[597,765,373,395]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="282">Microspathodon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Cooper and Santini (2016) expanded it to include a number of closely related genera, primarily housing the various genera formerly classified in the
<taxonomicName box="[464,629,461,483]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="300" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Pomacentrinae">Pomacentrinae</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName authority="Allen, 1991" authorityName="Allen" authorityYear="1991" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Abudefduf" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="282" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sensu">
<emphasis box="[644,700,462,483]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="282">sensu</emphasis>
Allen, 1991
</taxonomicName>
) that are not closely related to
<taxonomicName box="[527,658,491,512]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Pomacentrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="282" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[527,658,491,512]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="282">Pomacentrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, plus one transplant (
<taxonomicName authorityName="Whitley" authorityYear="1929" box="[234,384,519,541]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Mecaenichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="282" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[234,384,519,541]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="282">Mecaenichthys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) from the
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="sensu Allen" baseAuthorityYear="1975" box="[510,639,519,541]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="300" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Chrominae">Chrominae</taxonomicName>
. It contains several monotypic genera (
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gill" authorityYear="1861" box="[427,536,549,570]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Hypsypops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="282" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[427,536,549,570]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="282">Hypsypops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Whitley" authorityYear="1929" box="[558,708,548,570]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Mecaenichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="282" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[558,708,548,570]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="282">Mecaenichthys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Heller &amp; Snodgrass" authorityYear="1903" box="[103,204,578,600]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Nexilosus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="282" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[103,204,578,600]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="282">Nexilosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). The subfamily includes some of the largest damselfishes, which are mainly temperate species from genera like
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gill" authorityYear="1861" box="[232,341,637,658]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Hypsypops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="282" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[232,341,637,658]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="282">Hypsypops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Günther" authorityYear="1862" box="[356,520,636,658]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Microspathodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="282" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[356,520,636,658]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="282">Microspathodon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Heller &amp; Snodgrass" authorityYear="1903" box="[535,633,636,658]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Nexilosus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="282" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[535,633,636,658]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="282">Nexilosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Günther" authorityYear="1862" box="[698,765,637,658]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Parma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="282" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[698,765,637,658]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="282">Parma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Representatives from several genera (
<taxonomicName authorityName="Günther" authorityYear="1862" box="[522,686,665,687]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Microspathodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="282" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[522,686,665,687]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="282">Microspathodon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gill" authorityYear="1861" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Hypsypops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="282" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="282">Hypsypops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Heller &amp; Snodgrass" authorityYear="1903" box="[167,265,695,717]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Nexilosus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="282" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[167,265,695,717]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="282">Nexilosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="sensu Emery and Allen" baseAuthorityYear="1980" box="[336,426,695,716]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Stegastes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="282" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[336,426,695,716]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="282">Stegastes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) are primarily benthic grazers that feed on filamentous algae and/or invertebrates (Aguilar-Medrano et al., 2011).
<taxonomicName box="[371,564,753,775]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Plectroglyphidodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="282" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[371,564,753,775]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="282">Plectroglyphidodon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="sensu Emery and Allen" baseAuthorityYear="1980" box="[628,718,754,775]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Stegastes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="282" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[628,718,754,775]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="282">Stegastes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the two most species-rich and widespread genera, are not monophyletic. The results of this analysis show that the subfamily is also home to the enigmatic
<taxonomicName authorityName="Günther" authorityYear="1862" box="[549,673,841,863]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Lepidozygus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="282" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[549,673,841,863]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="282">Lepidozygus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. There is strong bootstrap support (100%) for
<taxonomicName authorityName="Günther" authorityYear="1862" box="[529,653,870,892]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Lepidozygus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="282" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[529,653,870,892]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="282">Lepidozygus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
being the sister taxon of
<emphasis box="[266,487,900,922]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="282">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Barlow" authorityYear="1972" box="[266,418,900,922]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Stegastes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="282" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sensu">
Stegastes
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[362,418,901,922]" pageId="24" pageNumber="282" sensu="stricto">sensu</taxonomicNameLabel>
</taxonomicName>
stricto
</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation box="[501,562,900,922]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[142,170,1900,1920]" captionTargetBox="[194,1477,178,1870]" captionTargetId="figure-1@7.[194,1477,178,1870]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIG. 1. The phylogenetic relationships of damselfishes (Teleostei: Pomacentridae): (A) outgroup taxa; (B) subfamilies Microspathodontinae and Glyphisodontinae; (C) subfamily Chrominae; (D) subfamily Pomacentrinae (part I); (E) subfamily Pomacentrinae (part II). The phylogeny is based on the maximum-likelihood topology with the best log likelihood score (ln L ¼ 45,4518.728) recovered from ten independent maximum-likelihood analyses of a data matrix composed of 462 taxa and 6,865 nucleotides. Bootstrap values from 1,000 ultrafast replicates are displayed for each node" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7846740" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7846740/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="282">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
; Supplemental
<figureCitation captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[142,170,1900,1920]" captionTargetBox="[194,1477,178,1870]" captionTargetId="figure-1@7.[194,1477,178,1870]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIG. 1. The phylogenetic relationships of damselfishes (Teleostei: Pomacentridae): (A) outgroup taxa; (B) subfamilies Microspathodontinae and Glyphisodontinae; (C) subfamily Chrominae; (D) subfamily Pomacentrinae (part I); (E) subfamily Pomacentrinae (part II). The phylogeny is based on the maximum-likelihood topology with the best log likelihood score (ln L ¼ 45,4518.728) recovered from ten independent maximum-likelihood analyses of a data matrix composed of 462 taxa and 6,865 nucleotides. Bootstrap values from 1,000 ultrafast replicates are displayed for each node" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7846740" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7846740/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="282">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
; see Data Accessibility), clearly demonstrating that
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Bleeker" baseAuthorityYear="1856" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Lepidozygus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="282" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tapeinosoma">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="282">Lepidozygus tapeinosoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a member of the
<taxonomicName box="[528,769,959,981]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="300" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Microspathodontinae">Microspathodontinae</taxonomicName>
. We hereby place
<taxonomicName box="[298,457,988,1010]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="299" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Lepidozyginae">Lepidozyginae</taxonomicName>
in the synonymy of
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="282">
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="300" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Microspathodontinae">Microspathodontinae</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>