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<document id="323E7D5E13BBB47AB8D1E0569C120004" ID-CLB-Dataset="53279" ID-DOI="10.1643/i2020105" ID-GBIF-Dataset="cf572f6b-8843-4383-85ce-ac9ea8515e87" ID-ISSN="2766-1520" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7846738" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.treatments_approvedBy="tatiana" checkinTime="1681927420572" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Tang, Kevin L., Stiassny, Melanie L. J., Mayden, Richard L. &amp; DeSalle, Robert" docDate="2021" docId="A0558C73FFB4FFDE904F17149278FFC4" docLanguage="en" docName="IchthyolHerpetol.109.1.258-318.pdf" docOrigin="Ichthyology &amp; Herpetology 109 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1643/i2020105" docStyle="DocumentStyle:25DEBD253B07840CEE0E8BE8BE2C6752.2:IchthyolHerpetol.2021-.journal_article" docStyleId="25DEBD253B07840CEE0E8BE8BE2C6752" docStyleName="IchthyolHerpetol.2021-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Pycnochromis Fowler 1941" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="279" masterDocId="5C6CF40BFFA0FFC8937B102A9327FE5D" masterDocTitle="Systematics of Damselfishes" masterLastPageNumber="318" masterPageNumber="258" pageNumber="278" updateTime="1716366562050" updateUser="tatiana">
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<mods:title id="5DE7858859121F23BF8ED465E64B46E3">Systematics of Damselfishes</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="365E65704C600D7B3C043229FB0C9AAA">Tang, Kevin L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="405346CB3D7DB823FC75AA32843E403E">Stiassny, Melanie L. J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="754BE6EC7A86185B01353E3BA92181D2">Mayden, Richard L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A8BF66E6DACD2C9E40C8FAC5D5526EE4">DeSalle, Robert</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="A0558C73FFB4FFDE904F17149278FFC4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7850175" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209579130" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7850175" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A0558C73FFB4FFDE904F17149278FFC4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A0558C73FFB4FFDE904F17149278FFC4" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="279" pageId="20" pageNumber="278">
<subSubSection id="60E66EEEFFB4FFDC904F171490EAF908" box="[820,973,1854,1877]" pageId="20" pageNumber="278" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="28433D65FFB4FFDC904F171490EAF908" blockId="20.[820,1490,1854,2024]" box="[820,973,1854,1877]" pageId="20" pageNumber="278">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFB4FFDC904F171490EAF908" bold="true" box="[820,973,1854,1877]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="278">
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFB4FFDC904F171490EFF908" authority="Fowler, 1941" authorityName="Fowler" authorityYear="1941" box="[820,968,1854,1877]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Pycnochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="278" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pycnochromis</taxonomicName>
.
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="60E66EEEFFB4FFDE90B617149278FFC4" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="280" pageId="20" pageNumber="278" type="description">
<paragraph id="28433D65FFB4FFDD90B617149244FD0D" blockId="20.[820,1490,1854,2024]" lastBlockId="21.[142,813,179,2024]" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="279" pageId="20" pageNumber="278">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFB4FFDC90B6171490C4F908" bold="true" box="[973,995,1854,1877]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="278">—</emphasis>
Support for the monophyly of this genus is high (100% bootstrap) and congruent with other studies. The species we are recognizing as
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFB4FFDC97C917539663F9D2" authorityName="Fowler" authorityYear="1941" box="[1202,1348,1913,1935]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Pycnochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="278" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFB4FFDC97C917539663F9D2" box="[1202,1348,1913,1935]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="278">Pycnochromis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have been resolved as the sister group to
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFB4FFDC97B917BC960FF9F1" authorityName="Cuvier" authorityYear="1829" box="[1218,1320,1942,1964]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Dascyllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="278" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFB4FFDC97B917BC960FF9F1" box="[1218,1320,1942,1964]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="278">Dascyllus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in numerous phylogenetic analyses (
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFB4FFDC9745179E97E7F994" author="Tang, K. L." box="[1086,1216,1972,1993]" pageId="20" pageNumber="278" pagination="591 - 601" refId="ref80814" refString="Tang, K. L. 2001. Phylogenetic relationships among damselfishes (Teleostei: Pomacentridae) as determined by mitochondrial DNA data. Copeia 2001: 591 - 601." type="journal article" year="2001">Tang, 2001</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFB4FFDC97AB179E96EAF994" author="Jang-Liaw, N. - H. &amp; K. L. Tang &amp; C. - F. Hui &amp; K. - T. Shao" box="[1232,1485,1972,1994]" pageId="20" pageNumber="278" pagination="445 - 454" refId="ref70023" refString="Jang-Liaw, N. - H., K. L. Tang, C. - F. Hui, and K. - T. Shao. 2002. Molecular phylogeny of 48 species of damselfishes (Perciformes: Pomacentridae) using 12 S mtDNA sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 25: 445 - 454." type="journal article" year="2002">Jang-Liaw et al., 2002</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFB4FFDC904F17F89765F9BA" author="Quenouille, B. &amp; E. Bermingham &amp; S. Planes" box="[820,1090,2002,2024]" pageId="20" pageNumber="278" pagination="66 - 88" refId="ref76154" refString="Quenouille, B., E. Bermingham, and S. Planes. 2004. Molecular systematics of the damselfishes (Teleostei: Pomacentridae): Bayesian phylogenetic analyses of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 31: 66 - 88." type="journal article" year="2004">
Quenouille et al.,
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFB4FFDC977217F89765F9BA" author="Tang, K. L. &amp; K. M. McNyset &amp; N. I. Holcroft" box="[1033,1090,2002,2023]" pageId="20" pageNumber="278" pagination="823 - 828" refId="ref80984" refString="Tang, K. L., K. M. McNyset, and N. I. Holcroft. 2004. The phylogenetic position of five genera (Acanthochromis, Azurina, Chrysiptera, Dischistodus, and Neopomacentrus) of damselfishes (Perciformes: Pomacentridae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 30: 823 - 828." type="journal article" year="2004">2004</bibRefCitation>
</bibRefCitation>
; Tang et al., 2004;
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFB4FFDD965717F893E0FE95" author="Koh, J. R. &amp; Y. C. Park" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="279" pageId="20" pageNumber="278" pagination="274 - 285" refId="ref71025" refString="Koh, J. R., and Y. C. Park. 2007. Species identification and molecular phylogenetic position of Korean damselfishes (Pomacentridae: Chrominae) based on DNA bioinformation. Korean Journal of Ichthyology 19: 274 - 285." type="journal article" year="2007">Koh and Park, 2007</bibRefCitation>
; Cooper et al., 2009; Cowman and Bellwood, 2011;
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFB5FFDD93F510FA92A7FEB8" author="Hofmann, C. M. &amp; N. J. Marshall &amp; K. Abdilleh &amp; Z. Patel &amp; U. E. Siebeck &amp; K. L. Carleton" box="[142,384,208,230]" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" pagination="79 - 91" refId="ref69319" refString="Hofmann, C. M., N. J. Marshall, K. Abdilleh, Z. Patel, U. E. Siebeck, and K. L. Carleton. 2012. Opsin evolution in damselfish: convergence, reversal, and parallel evolution across tuning sites. Journal of Molecular Evolution 75: 79 - 91." type="journal article" year="2012">
Hofmann et al.,
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFB5FFDD923C10FA92A7FEB8" author="Litsios, G. &amp; C. A. Sims &amp; R. O. Wuest &amp; P. B. Pearman &amp; N. E. Zimmermann &amp; N. Salamin" box="[327,384,208,229]" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" pagination="212" refId="ref72166" refString="Litsios, G., C. A. Sims, R. O. Wuest, P. B. Pearman, N. E. Zimmermann, and N. Salamin. 2012 a. Mutualism with sea anemones triggered the adaptive radiation of clownfishes. BMC Evolutionary Biology 12: 212." type="journal article" year="2012">2012</bibRefCitation>
</bibRefCitation>
; Litsios et al., 2012a,
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFB5FFDD910910FA919EFEBB" author="Litsios, G. &amp; L. Pellissier &amp; F. Forest &amp; C. Lexer &amp; P. B. Pearman &amp; N. E. Zimmermann &amp; N. Salamin" box="[626,697,208,230]" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" pagination="3662 - 3669" refId="ref72070" refString="Litsios, G., L. Pellissier, F. Forest, C. Lexer, P. B. Pearman, N. E. Zimmermann, and N. Salamin. 2012 b. Trophic specialization influences the rate of environmental niche evolution in damselfishes (Pomacentridae). Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 279: 3662 - 3669." type="journal article" year="2012">2012b</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFB5FFDD91BE10FA9229FF5E" author="Frederich, B. &amp; L. Sorenson &amp; F. Santini &amp; G. J. Slater &amp; M. E. Alfaro" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" pagination="94 - 113" refId="ref66743" refString="Frederich, B., L. Sorenson, F. Santini, G. J. Slater, and M. E. Alfaro. 2013. Iterative ecological radiation and convergence during the evolutionary history of damselfishes (Pomacentridae). The American Naturalist 181: 94 - 113." type="journal article" year="2013">Frédérich et al., 2013</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFB5FFDD926010C492D8FF5E" author="Rabosky, D. L. &amp; F. Santini &amp; J. Eastman &amp; S. A. Smith &amp; B. Sidlauskas &amp; J. Chang &amp; M. E. Alfaro" box="[283,511,238,260]" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" pagination="1958" refId="ref76375" refString="Rabosky, D. L., F. Santini, J. Eastman, S. A. Smith, B. Sidlauskas, J. Chang, and M. E. Alfaro. 2013. Rates of speciation and morphological evolution are correlated across the largest vertebrate radiation. Nature Communications 4: 1958." type="journal article" year="2013">Rabosky et al., 2013</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFB5FFDD917710C49162FF5E" author="Rabosky, D. L. &amp; J. Chang &amp; P. O. Title &amp; P. F. Cowman &amp; L. Sallan &amp; M. Friedman &amp; K. Kaschner &amp; C. Garilao &amp; T. J. Near &amp; M. Coll &amp; M. E. Alfaro" box="[524,581,238,259]" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" pagination="392 - 395" refId="ref76299" refString="Rabosky, D. L., J. Chang, P. O. Title, P. F. Cowman, L. Sallan, M. Friedman, K. Kaschner, C. Garilao, T. J. Near, M. Coll, and M. E. Alfaro. 2018. An inverse latitudinal gradient in speciation rate for marine fishes. Nature 559: 392 - 395." type="journal article" year="2018">2018</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFB5FFDD912910C49000FF5E" author="Lobato, F. L. &amp; D. R. Barneche &amp; A. C. Siqueira &amp; A. M. R. Liedke &amp; A. Lindner &amp; M. R. Pie &amp; D. R. Bellwood &amp; S. R. Floeter" box="[594,807,238,260]" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" pagination="102094" refId="ref72399" refString="Lobato, F. L., D. R. Barneche, A. C. Siqueira, A. M. R. Liedke, A. Lindner, M. R. Pie, D. R. Bellwood, and S. R. Floeter. 2014. Diet and diversification in the evolution of coral reef fishes. PLoS ONE 9: e 102094." type="journal article" year="2014">Lobato et al., 2014</bibRefCitation>
; DiBattista et al., 2016;
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFB5FFDD92F711219117FF7C" author="Mirande, J. M." box="[396,560,267,289]" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" pagination="333 - 350" refId="ref73614" refString="Mirande, J. M. 2016. Combined phylogeny of ray-finned fishes (Actinopterygii) and the use of morphological characters in large-scale analyses. Cladistics 33: 333 - 350." type="journal article" year="2016">Mirande, 2016</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFB5FFDD914711219000FF7D" author="Gaboriau, T. &amp; F. Leprieur &amp; D. Mouillot &amp; N. Hubert" box="[572,807,267,289]" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" pagination="1295 - 1306" refId="ref67249" refString="Gaboriau, T., F. Leprieur, D. Mouillot, and N. Hubert. 2018. Influence of the geography of speciation on current patterns of coral reef fish biodiversity across the Indo-Pacific. Ecography 41: 1295 - 1306." type="journal article" year="2018">Gaboriau et al., 2018</bibRefCitation>
; Delrieu-Trottin et al., 2019). Based on the distribution of the ceratomandibular ligament (
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFB5FFDD92BC116C9196FF00" author="Frederich, B. &amp; D. Olivier &amp; G. Litsios &amp; M. E. Alfaro &amp; E. Parmentier" box="[455,689,326,349]" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" pagination="20141047" refId="ref66690" refString="Frederich, B., D. Olivier, G. Litsios, M. E. Alfaro, and E. Parmentier. 2014. Trait decoupling promotes evolutionary diversification of the trophic and acoustic system of damselfishes. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 281: 20141047." type="journal article" year="2014">Frédérich et al., 2014</bibRefCitation>
), species of the
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFB5FFDD93C21149923BFF24" authorityName="Cuvier" authorityYear="1829" box="[185,284,355,377]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Dascyllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFB5FFDD93C21149923BFF24" box="[185,284,355,377]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="279">Dascyllus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFB5FFDD925B11489215FF24" bold="true" box="[288,306,354,377]" pageId="21" pageNumber="279">þ</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFB5FFDD924C114992E3FF24" authorityName="Fowler" authorityYear="1941" box="[311,452,355,377]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Pycnochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFB5FFDD924C114992E3FF24" box="[311,452,355,377]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="279">Pycnochromis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
clade appear to be united by the reappearance of the ligament, which is otherwise lost in the subfamily (see above). All species of
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFB5FFDD915811B491A1FFE9" authorityName="Cuvier" authorityYear="1829" box="[547,646,414,436]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Dascyllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFB5FFDD915811B491A1FFE9" box="[547,646,414,436]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="279">Dascyllus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and almost all species of
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFB5FFDD927D1191902EFF8C" box="[262,777,443,465]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="279">
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFB5FFDD927D119192B4FF8C" authorityName="Fowler" authorityYear="1941" box="[262,403,443,465]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Pycnochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pycnochromis</taxonomicName>
have XII dorsal spines;
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFB5FFDD91D61196902EFF8C" authorityName="Randall &amp; Swerdloff" authorityYear="1973" box="[685,777,444,465]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acares">P. acares</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFB5FFDD9061119693E0FFB3" baseAuthorityName="Randall, Ida &amp; Moyer" baseAuthorityYear="1981" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Pycnochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alleni">P. alleni</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFB5FFDD927511F092BAFFB3" baseAuthorityName="Randall" baseAuthorityYear="1988" box="[270,413,472,495]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Pycnochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ovatiformis">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFB5FFDD927511F092BAFFB3" box="[270,413,472,495]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="279">P. ovatiformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can sometimes have XIII (
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFB5FFDD91AC11F392A1FC56" author="Randall, J. E. &amp; S. N. Swerdloff" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" pagination="327 - 349" refId="ref77532" refString="Randall, J. E., and S. N. Swerdloff. 1973. A review of the damselfish genus Chromis from the Hawaiian Islands, with descriptions of three new species. Pacific Science 27: 327 - 349." type="journal article" year="1973">Randall and Swerdloff, 1973</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFB5FFDD92E011DC91B2FC50" author="Randall, J. E. &amp; H. Ida &amp; J. T. Moyer" box="[411,661,502,525]" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" pagination="203 - 242" refId="ref77301" refString="Randall, J. E., H. Ida, and J. T. Moyer. 1981. A review of the damselfishes of the genus Chromis from Japan and Taiwan, with description of a new species. Japanese Journal of Ichthyology 28: 203 - 242." type="journal article" year="1981">Randall et al., 1981</bibRefCitation>
);
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFB5FFDD91C911DD900CFC51" baseAuthorityName="Allen &amp; Erdmann" baseAuthorityYear="2014" box="[690,811,502,524]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Pycnochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="howsoni">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFB5FFDD91C911DD900CFC51" box="[690,811,502,524]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="279">P. howsoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occasionally has XI (Allen and Erdmann, 2014). However, this count is widespread in the subfamily (see above). A group matching the composition of
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFB5FFDD9128126493F3FCDF" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Pycnochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="sensu" subSpecies="novum">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFB5FFDD9128126493F3FCDF" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="279">Pycnochromis sensu novum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been recorded in other studies (
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFB5FFDD91F4124693E0FCC3" author="Hubert, N. &amp; E. Paradis &amp; H. Bruggemann &amp; S. Planes" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" pagination="229 - 277" refId="ref69585" refString="Hubert, N., E. Paradis, H. Bruggemann, and S. Planes. 2011. Community assembly and diversification in Indo-Pacific coral reef fishes: evolution of coral reef fish communities. Ecology and Evolution 1: 229 - 277." type="journal article" year="2011">Hubert et al., 2011</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFB5FFDD93A112A392F0FCC3" author="Frederich, B. &amp; L. Sorenson &amp; F. Santini &amp; G. J. Slater &amp; M. E. Alfaro" box="[218,471,649,671]" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" pagination="94 - 113" refId="ref66743" refString="Frederich, B., L. Sorenson, F. Santini, G. J. Slater, and M. E. Alfaro. 2013. Iterative ecological radiation and convergence during the evolutionary history of damselfishes (Pomacentridae). The American Naturalist 181: 94 - 113." type="journal article" year="2013">Frédérich et al., 2013</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFB5FFDD929112A391FBFCC3" author="Rabosky, D. L. &amp; F. Santini &amp; J. Eastman &amp; S. A. Smith &amp; B. Sidlauskas &amp; J. Chang &amp; M. E. Alfaro" box="[490,732,649,671]" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" pagination="1958" refId="ref76375" refString="Rabosky, D. L., F. Santini, J. Eastman, S. A. Smith, B. Sidlauskas, J. Chang, and M. E. Alfaro. 2013. Rates of speciation and morphological evolution are correlated across the largest vertebrate radiation. Nature Communications 4: 1958." type="journal article" year="2013">
Rabosky et al.,
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFB5FFDD91D812A391FBFCC3" author="Lobato, F. L. &amp; D. R. Barneche &amp; A. C. Siqueira &amp; A. M. R. Liedke &amp; A. Lindner &amp; M. R. Pie &amp; D. R. Bellwood &amp; S. R. Floeter" box="[675,732,649,670]" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" pagination="102094" refId="ref72399" refString="Lobato, F. L., D. R. Barneche, A. C. Siqueira, A. M. R. Liedke, A. Lindner, M. R. Pie, D. R. Bellwood, and S. R. Floeter. 2014. Diet and diversification in the evolution of coral reef fishes. PLoS ONE 9: e 102094." type="journal article" year="2014">2013</bibRefCitation>
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFB5FFDD919512A39000FCC3" author="Rabosky, D. L. &amp; J. Chang &amp; P. O. Title &amp; P. F. Cowman &amp; L. Sallan &amp; M. Friedman &amp; K. Kaschner &amp; C. Garilao &amp; T. J. Near &amp; M. Coll &amp; M. E. Alfaro" box="[750,807,649,670]" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" pagination="392 - 395" refId="ref76299" refString="Rabosky, D. L., J. Chang, P. O. Title, P. F. Cowman, L. Sallan, M. Friedman, K. Kaschner, C. Garilao, T. J. Near, M. Coll, and M. E. Alfaro. 2018. An inverse latitudinal gradient in speciation rate for marine fishes. Nature 559: 392 - 395." type="journal article" year="2018">2018</bibRefCitation>
; Lobato et al., 2014; DiBattista et al., 2016;
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFB5FFDD91FB128D9000FCE0" author="Mirande, J. M." box="[640,807,679,701]" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" pagination="333 - 350" refId="ref73614" refString="Mirande, J. M. 2016. Combined phylogeny of ray-finned fishes (Actinopterygii) and the use of morphological characters in large-scale analyses. Cladistics 33: 333 - 350." type="journal article" year="2016">Mirande, 2016</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFB5FFDD93F512EE9253FC84" author="Gaboriau, T. &amp; F. Leprieur &amp; D. Mouillot &amp; N. Hubert" box="[142,372,708,730]" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" pagination="1295 - 1306" refId="ref67249" refString="Gaboriau, T., F. Leprieur, D. Mouillot, and N. Hubert. 2018. Influence of the geography of speciation on current patterns of coral reef fish biodiversity across the Indo-Pacific. Ecography 41: 1295 - 1306." type="journal article" year="2018">Gaboriau et al., 2018</bibRefCitation>
; Delrieu-Trottin et al., 2019). This taxon has been variously labeled ‘‘
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFB5FFDD92A812CB910DFCAA" box="[467,554,737,759]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFB5FFDD92A812CB910DFCAA" box="[467,554,737,759]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="279">Chromis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
II’’ (
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFB5FFDD911F12CB93EFFD48" author="Quenouille, B. &amp; E. Bermingham &amp; S. Planes" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" pagination="66 - 88" refId="ref76154" refString="Quenouille, B., E. Bermingham, and S. Planes. 2004. Molecular systematics of the damselfishes (Teleostei: Pomacentridae): Bayesian phylogenetic analyses of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 31: 66 - 88." type="journal article" year="2004">Quenouille et al., 2004</bibRefCitation>
), ‘‘
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFB5FFDD939C12D49219FD49" box="[231,318,766,788]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFB5FFDD939C12D49219FD49" box="[231,318,766,788]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="279">Chromis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
b’’ (
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFB5FFDD920B12D59177FD48" author="Koh, J. R. &amp; Y. C. Park" box="[368,592,766,789]" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" pagination="274 - 285" refId="ref71025" refString="Koh, J. R., and Y. C. Park. 2007. Species identification and molecular phylogenetic position of Korean damselfishes (Pomacentridae: Chrominae) based on DNA bioinformation. Korean Journal of Ichthyology 19: 274 - 285." type="journal article" year="2007">Koh and Park, 2007</bibRefCitation>
), ‘‘
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFB5FFDD910B12D491C2FD49" authority="IP" authorityName="IP" box="[624,741,766,788]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFB5FFDD910B12D491E0FD49" box="[624,711,766,788]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="279">Chromis</emphasis>
IP
</taxonomicName>
Clade 4’’ (Cowman and Bellwood, 2011), and ‘‘
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFB5FFDD913013369185FD6F" box="[587,674,796,818]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFB5FFDD913013369185FD6F" box="[587,674,796,818]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="279">Chromis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
III’’ (Cooper and Santini, 2016).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="28433D65FFB5FFDD93DD137D919DF837" blockId="21.[142,813,179,2024]" pageId="21" pageNumber="279">
The genus we are recognizing as
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFB5FFDD916B137D91BAFD30" authorityName="Fowler" authorityYear="1941" box="[528,669,855,877]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Pycnochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFB5FFDD916B137D91BAFD30" box="[528,669,855,877]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="279">Pycnochromis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is composed of two morphologically distinct clades: one that comprises the miniature species,
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFB5FFDD92FF13B9912DFDFA" box="[388,522,913,936]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Pycnochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vanderbilti">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFB5FFDD92FF13B9912DFDFA" box="[388,522,913,936]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="279">P. vanderbilti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and its allies, and another that represents an expanded
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFB5FFDD92B613859161FD98" baseAuthorityName="Fowler" baseAuthorityYear="1946" box="[461,582,943,965]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Pycnochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="margaritifer">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFB5FFDD92B613859161FD98" box="[461,582,943,965]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="279">margaritifer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
complex
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFB5FFDD91C9139A93C6FDBE" authority="Allen (1975 a)" authorityName="Allen" authorityYear="1975" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Pycnochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sensu">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFB5FFDD91C9139A91CDFD98" box="[690,746,944,965]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="279">sensu</emphasis>
Allen (1975a)
</taxonomicName>
[
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFB5FFDD938E13E19220FDBF" bold="true" box="[245,263,971,994]" pageId="21" pageNumber="279">¼</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFB5FFDD926813E692DFFDBF" baseAuthorityName="Bleeker" baseAuthorityYear="1871" box="[275,504,972,994]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="amboinensis">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFB5FFDD926813E692DFFDBF" box="[275,504,972,994]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="279">Chromis amboinensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
complex
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFB5FFDD910813E79218FDA2" authority="Allen and Erdmann, 2020" authorityName="Allen and Erdmann" authorityYear="2020" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Pycnochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sensu">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFB5FFDD910813E7918CFDBF" box="[627,683,973,994]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="279">sensu</emphasis>
Allen and Erdmann, 2020
</taxonomicName>
]. We were unable to sample
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFB5FFDD910413C09002FA5D" authorityName="Cadenat" authorityYear="1950" box="[639,805,1002,1024]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lineata">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFB5FFDD910413C09002FA5D" box="[639,805,1002,1024]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="279">Chromis lineata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but it is almost certainly a member of
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFB5FFDD9142142D91E1FA40" authorityName="Fowler" authorityYear="1941" box="[569,710,1031,1053]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Pycnochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFB5FFDD9142142D91E1FA40" box="[569,710,1031,1053]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="279">Pycnochromis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
given its similarity to
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFB5FFDD925F140F92A7FA67" authorityName="Randall &amp; Swerdloff" authorityYear="1973" box="[292,384,1061,1082]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acares">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFB5FFDD925F140F92A7FA67" box="[292,384,1061,1082]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="279">P. acares</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFB5FFDD92E8140F9123FA67" baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1960" box="[403,516,1061,1082]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Pycnochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigrurus">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFB5FFDD92E8140F9123FA67" box="[403,516,1061,1082]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="279">P. nigrurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFB5FFDD9137140F91F0FA67" box="[588,727,1060,1082]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Pycnochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vanderbilti">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFB5FFDD9137140F91F0FA67" box="[588,727,1060,1082]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="279">P. vanderbilti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Allen, 1975a, 1997;
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFB5FFDD924B1469910CFA05" author="Moyer, J. T. &amp; H. Ida" box="[304,555,1090,1112]" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" pagination="189 - 194" refId="ref74227" refString="Moyer, J. T., and H. Ida. 1976. Description of a new damselfish, Chromis miyakeensis, from Miyake Island, Japan. Japanese Journal of Ichthyology 22: 189 - 194." type="journal article" year="1976">Moyer and Ida, 1976</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFB5FFDD914614689000FA0A" author="Randall, J. E. &amp; H. Ida &amp; J. T. Moyer" box="[573,807,1090,1112]" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" pagination="203 - 242" refId="ref77301" refString="Randall, J. E., H. Ida, and J. T. Moyer. 1981. A review of the damselfishes of the genus Chromis from Japan and Taiwan, with description of a new species. Japanese Journal of Ichthyology 28: 203 - 242." type="journal article" year="1981">Randall et al., 1981</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFB5FFDD93F5144A9231FA28" author="Myers, R. F." box="[142,278,1120,1141]" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" refId="ref74493" refString="Myers, R. F. 1999. Micronesian Reef Fishes: A Field Guide for Divers and Aquarists. Coral Graphics, Barrigada, Territory of Guam." type="book" year="1999">Myers, 1999</bibRefCitation>
; Allen and Erdmann, 2012). Hence, we refer it to
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFB5FFDD93F51457923CFACE" authorityName="Fowler" authorityYear="1941" box="[142,283,1149,1171]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Pycnochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFB5FFDD93F51457923CFACE" box="[142,283,1149,1171]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="279">Pycnochromis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFB5FFDD923F14549297FACE" box="[324,432,1149,1171]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Pycnochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lineatus">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFB5FFDD923F14549297FACE" box="[324,432,1149,1171]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="279">P. lineatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. With that generic reassignment,
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFB5FFDD93F514B092D5FAED" authority="Cadenat, 1950" authorityName="Cadenat" authorityYear="1950" box="[142,498,1178,1200]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lineata">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFB5FFDD93F514B0921CFAED" box="[142,315,1178,1200]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="279">Chromis lineata</emphasis>
Cadenat, 1950
</taxonomicName>
is no longer a secondary homonym of
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFB5FFDD9250149291F8FA90" authority="Fowler and Bean, 1928" authorityName="Fowler and Bean" authorityYear="1928" box="[299,735,1208,1230]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lineata">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFB5FFDD9250149292F4FA93" box="[299,467,1208,1230]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="279">Chromis lineata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFB5FFDD92A7149291F8FA90" author="Fowler, H. W. &amp; B. A. Bean" box="[476,735,1208,1230]" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" pagination="1 - 525" refId="ref66574" refString="Fowler, H. W., and B. A. Bean. 1928. Contributions to the biology of the Philippine Archipelago and adjacent regions. The fishes of the families Pomacentridae, Labridae, and Callyodontidae, collected by the United States Bureau of Fisheries steamer '' Albatross, '' chiefly in Philippine seas and adjacent waters. Bulletin of the United States National Museum 100: 1 - 525." type="journal article" year="1928">Fowler and Bean, 1928</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, but is considered permanently invalid because it was replaced by
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFB5FFDD93F514D9921FFB54" author="Whitley, G. P." box="[142,312,1266,1289]" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" pagination="61 - 68" refId="ref82475" refString="Whitley, G. P. 1951. New fish names and records. Proceedings of the Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales 50: 61 - 68." type="book chapter" year="1951">Whitley (1951)</bibRefCitation>
before 1961 (
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFB5FFDD92AC14D9917AFB55" author="ICZN &amp; International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature" box="[471,605,1267,1288]" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" refId="ref69852" refString="ICZN (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature). 1999. International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Fourth edition. International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London." type="book" year="1999">ICZN, 1999</bibRefCitation>
: Art. 59.3) and its substitute name,
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFB5FFDD9232153A92DBFB7B" authorityName="Whitley" authorityYear="1951" box="[329,508,1296,1318]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cadenati">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFB5FFDD9232153A92DBFB7B" box="[329,508,1296,1318]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="279">Chromis cadenati</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, is in use (e.g.,
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFB5FFDD91DB153A9000FB78" author="Wood, E. M." box="[672,807,1296,1318]" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" pagination="331 - 345" refId="ref82796" refString="Wood, E. M. 1977. A review of damsel fishes (Pisces: Pomacentridae) of the genus Chromis from the central and eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. Journal of Fish Biology 10: 331 - 345." type="journal article" year="1977">Wood, 1977</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFB5FFDD93F515049213FB1E" author="Edwards, A." box="[142,308,1325,1348]" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" pagination="181 - 207" refId="ref65505" refString="Edwards, A. 1986. A new damselfish, Chromis lubbocki (Teleostei: Pomacentridae) from the Cape Verde Archipelago, with notes on other Eastern Atlantic pomacentrids. Zoologische Mededelingen 60: 181 - 207." type="journal article" year="1986">Edwards, 1986</bibRefCitation>
; Allen, 1991;
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFB5FFDD92AD15049198FB1E" author="Edwards, A. J. &amp; A. C. Gill &amp; P. O. Abohweyere" box="[470,703,1326,1348]" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" pagination="2213 - 2267" refId="ref65544" refString="Edwards, A. J., A. C. Gill, and P. O. Abohweyere. 2003. A revision of F. R. Irvine's Ghanaian marine fishes in the collections of The Natural History Museum, London. Journal of Natural History 37: 2213 - 2267." type="journal article" year="2003">Edwards et al., 2003</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFB5FFDD91B61504925EFB3D" author="Lecchini, D. &amp; J. T. Williams" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" pagination="97 - 102" refId="ref71315" refString="Lecchini, D., and J. T. Williams. 2004. Description of a new species of damselfish (Pomacentridae: Chromis) from Rapa Island, French Polynesia. Aqua, Journal of Ichthyology and Aquatic Biology 8: 97 - 102." type="journal article" year="2004">Lecchini and Williams, 2004</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFB5FFDD92F61561918EFB3C" author="Domingues, V. S. &amp; G. Bucciarelli &amp; V. C. Almada &amp; G. Bernardi" box="[397,681,1354,1377]" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" pagination="4051 - 4063" refId="ref65242" refString="Domingues, V. S., G. Bucciarelli, V. C. Almada, and G. Bernardi. 2005. Historical colonization and demography of the Mediterranean damselfish, Chromis chromis. Molecular Ecology 14: 4051 - 4063." type="journal article" year="2005">Domingues et al., 2005</bibRefCitation>
). The four miniature species are characterized by their small adult size (approximately
<quantity id="EF049080FFB5FFDD923315AC92EFFBC6" box="[328,456,1414,1436]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.25" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" unit="mm" value="42.5" valueMax="45.0" valueMin="40.0">40–45 mm</quantity>
SL), elongate body, compact heads, and yellowish coloration with blue markings (
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFB5FFDD91AC1589924BFB8B" author="Randall, J. E. &amp; S. N. Swerdloff" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" pagination="327 - 349" refId="ref77532" refString="Randall, J. E., and S. N. Swerdloff. 1973. A review of the damselfish genus Chromis from the Hawaiian Islands, with descriptions of three new species. Pacific Science 27: 327 - 349." type="journal article" year="1973">Randall and Swerdloff, 1973</bibRefCitation>
; Allen, 1975a;
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFB5FFDD917515EA91C4FB8B" author="Randall, J. E. &amp; H. Ida &amp; J. T. Moyer" box="[526,739,1472,1494]" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" pagination="203 - 242" refId="ref77301" refString="Randall, J. E., H. Ida, and J. T. Moyer. 1981. A review of the damselfishes of the genus Chromis from Japan and Taiwan, with description of a new species. Japanese Journal of Ichthyology 28: 203 - 242." type="journal article" year="1981">Randall et al., 1981</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFB5FFDD919515EB9000FB8B" author="Randall, J. E. &amp; G. R. Allen &amp; R. C. Steene" box="[750,807,1473,1494]" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" refId="ref76995" refString="Randall, J. E., G. R. Allen, and R. C. Steene. 1997. Fishes of the Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea. Second edition. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, Hawaii." type="book" year="1997">1997</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFB5FFDD93F515F4923DFBAE" author="Myers, R. F." box="[142,282,1502,1523]" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" refId="ref74493" refString="Myers, R. F. 1999. Micronesian Reef Fishes: A Field Guide for Divers and Aquarists. Coral Graphics, Barrigada, Territory of Guam." type="book" year="1999">Myers, 1999</bibRefCitation>
; Allen and Erdmann, 2012). Three of the four have blue spots on the opercle and along the scale rows, forming stripes that run the length of the body.
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFB5FFDD91E4163293EAF811" baseAuthorityName="Randall &amp; Swerdloff" baseAuthorityYear="1973" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Pycnochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acares">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFB5FFDD91E4163293EAF811" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="279">Pycnochromis acares</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
possesses blue spots on the head but lacks the lateral bands on the body (
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFB5FFDD920B16799189F837" author="Randall, J. E. &amp; S. N. Swerdloff" box="[368,686,1619,1642]" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" pagination="327 - 349" refId="ref77532" refString="Randall, J. E., and S. N. Swerdloff. 1973. A review of the damselfish genus Chromis from the Hawaiian Islands, with descriptions of three new species. Pacific Science 27: 327 - 349." type="journal article" year="1973">Randall and Swerdloff, 1973</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="28433D65FFB5FFDD93DD165B96E4F8D1" blockId="21.[142,813,179,2024]" lastBlockId="21.[859,1530,179,1676]" pageId="21" pageNumber="279">
Species of the
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFB5FFDD923F165B929AF8DA" baseAuthorityName="Fowler" baseAuthorityYear="1946" box="[324,445,1649,1671]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Pycnochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="margaritifer">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFB5FFDD923F165B929AF8DA" box="[324,445,1649,1671]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="279">margaritifer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
complex differ markedly in their coloration and overall appearance from
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFB5FFDD913016A49390F89C" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Pycnochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vanderbilti">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFB5FFDD913016A49390F89C" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="279">Pycnochromis vanderbilti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and its immediate relatives. Allen (1975a: 38) characterized them as possessing XII dorsal spines, an exposed suborbital (i.e., infraorbital) margin, and prolonged bifurcate filaments at the tips of the caudal lobes.
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFB5FFDD9104172E93F1F965" author="Moyer, J. T. &amp; H. Ida" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" pagination="189 - 194" refId="ref74227" refString="Moyer, J. T., and H. Ida. 1976. Description of a new damselfish, Chromis miyakeensis, from Miyake Island, Japan. Japanese Journal of Ichthyology 22: 189 - 194." type="journal article" year="1976">Moyer and Ida (1976)</bibRefCitation>
identified the group by their filamentous caudal-fin rays. The presence of filamentous caudal-fin margins in these species was also noted by
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFB5FFDD92BE17769192F92E" author="Randall, J. E. &amp; H. Ida &amp; J. T. Moyer" box="[453,693,1884,1907]" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" pagination="203 - 242" refId="ref77301" refString="Randall, J. E., H. Ida, and J. T. Moyer. 1981. A review of the damselfishes of the genus Chromis from Japan and Taiwan, with description of a new species. Japanese Journal of Ichthyology 28: 203 - 242." type="journal article" year="1981">Randall et al. (1981)</bibRefCitation>
. As stated above, due to the widespread presence of XII dorsal spines across chromines, that meristic count has limited value for distinguishing among genera. Similarly, the condition of the suborbital margin is not unique to the group; there are other species of
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFB5FFDD90AA10999769FE94" baseAuthorityName="sensu Allen" baseAuthorityYear="1975" box="[977,1102,179,201]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="300" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Chrominae">Chrominae</taxonomicName>
that exhibit the same character state (e.g.,
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFB5FFDD90D810FB9762FEBB" baseAuthorityName="Fowler &amp; Bean" baseAuthorityYear="1928" box="[931,1093,208,230]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Azurina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elerae">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFB5FFDD90D810FB9762FEBB" box="[931,1093,208,230]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="279">Azurina elerae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFB5FFDD972610FB97D3FEBB" baseAuthorityName="Bleeker" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[1117,1268,208,230]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Azurina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lepidolepis">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFB5FFDD972610FB97D3FEBB" box="[1117,1268,208,230]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="279">A. lepidolepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFB5FFDD967710FA96EEFEBB" authorityName="Pyle, Earle &amp; Greene" authorityYear="2008" box="[1292,1481,208,230]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="abyssus">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFB5FFDD967710FA96EEFEBB" box="[1292,1481,208,230]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="279">Chromis abyssus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFB5FFDD969A10FB962DFF59" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="279">
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFB5FFDD969A10FB90C0FF59" authorityName="Kamohara" authorityYear="1960" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albomaculata">C. albomaculata</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFB5FFDD908C10C4977AFF59" authorityName="Allen &amp; Erdmann" authorityYear="2008" box="[1015,1117,238,260]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="athena">C. athena</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFB5FFDD971610C4962DFF59" authorityName="Pyle, Earle &amp; Greene" authorityYear="2008" box="[1133,1290,238,260]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="circumaurea">C. circumaurea</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFB5FFDD966210C496A5FF59" baseAuthorityName="Allen and Erdmann" baseAuthorityYear="2009" box="[1305,1410,238,260]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="degruyi">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFB5FFDD966210C496A5FF59" box="[1305,1410,238,260]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="279">C. degruyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFB5FFDD96E910C496D5FF59" authorityName="Pyle, Earle &amp; Greene" authorityYear="2008" box="[1426,1522,238,260]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="earina">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFB5FFDD96E910C496D5FF59" box="[1426,1522,238,260]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="279">C. earina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFB5FFDD9020112690F8FF7C" authorityName="Randall" authorityYear="2001" box="[859,991,267,289]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flavapicis">C. flavapicis</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFB5FFDD908911269759FF7C" box="[1010,1150,268,289]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mirationis">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFB5FFDD908911269759FF7C" box="[1010,1150,268,289]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="279">C. mirationis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFB5FFDD97EB1126961FFF7C" authorityName="Allen &amp; Randall" authorityYear="2004" box="[1168,1336,267,289]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="monochroma">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFB5FFDD97EB1126961FFF7C" box="[1168,1336,267,289]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="279">C. monochroma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFB5FFDD9630112690D9FF62" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="279">
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFB5FFDD9630112696F7FF7C" baseAuthorityName="Yamakawa and Randall" baseAuthorityYear="1989" box="[1355,1488,267,289]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="okamurai">C. okamurai</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFB5FFDD969A11269084FF62" authorityName="Lecchini &amp; Williams" authorityYear="2004" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="planesi">C. planesi</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFB5FFDD90CA110390D9FF62" authorityName="Allen &amp; Randall" authorityYear="2004" box="[945,1022,297,319]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pura">C. pura</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFB5FFDD977011039742FF62" authorityName="Allen &amp; Erdmann" authorityYear="2009" box="[1035,1125,297,319]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="unipa">C. unipa</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFB5FFDD97D811039636FF62" authorityName="Allen &amp; Erdmann" authorityYear="2005" box="[1187,1297,297,319]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="xouthos">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFB5FFDD97D811039636FF62" box="[1187,1297,297,319]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="279">C. xouthos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFB5FFDD9664110396D3FF63" author="Randall, J. E. &amp; H. Ida &amp; J. T. Moyer" box="[1311,1524,297,319]" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" pagination="203 - 242" refId="ref77301" refString="Randall, J. E., H. Ida, and J. T. Moyer. 1981. A review of the damselfishes of the genus Chromis from Japan and Taiwan, with description of a new species. Japanese Journal of Ichthyology 28: 203 - 242." type="journal article" year="1981">Randall et al., 1981</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFB5FFDD9020116C979CFF01" author="Yamakawa, T. &amp; J. E. Randall" box="[859,1211,326,348]" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" pagination="299 - 302" refId="ref83000" refString="Yamakawa, T., and J. E. Randall. 1989. Chromis okamurai, a new damselfish from the Okinawa Trough, Japan. Japanese Journal of Ichthyology 36: 299 - 302." type="journal article" year="1989">Yamakawa and Randall, 1989</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFB5FFDD97B4116C9656FF01" author="Randall, J. E. &amp; H. A. Randall" box="[1231,1393,326,348]" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" pagination="61 - 67" refId="ref77449" refString="Randall, J. E., and H. A. Randall. 2001. Dascyllus auripinnis, a new pomacentrid fish from atolls of the Central Pacific Ocean. Zoological Studies 40: 61 - 67." type="journal article" year="2001">Randall, 2001</bibRefCitation>
; Allen and Randall, 2004a;
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFB5FFDD9766114E9654FF24" author="Lecchini, D. &amp; J. T. Williams" box="[1053,1395,356,378]" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" pagination="97 - 102" refId="ref71315" refString="Lecchini, D., and J. T. Williams. 2004. Description of a new species of damselfish (Pomacentridae: Chromis) from Rapa Island, French Polynesia. Aqua, Journal of Ichthyology and Aquatic Biology 8: 97 - 102." type="journal article" year="2004">Lecchini and Williams, 2004</bibRefCitation>
; Allen and Erdmann, 2005, 2008a, 2009a;
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFB5FFDD97BA11AB965BFFC5" author="Pyle, R. L. &amp; J. L. Earle &amp; B. D. Greene" box="[1217,1404,385,408]" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" pagination="3 - 31" refId="ref76100" refString="Pyle, R. L., J. L. Earle, and B. D. Greene. 2008. Five new species of the damselfish genus Chromis (Perciformes: Labroidei: Pomacentridae) from deep coral reefs in the tropical western Pacific. Zootaxa 1671: 3 - 31." type="journal article" year="2008">Pyle et al., 2008</bibRefCitation>
). However, species of the sister clade (
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFB5FFDD97FB11B59620FFE9" box="[1152,1287,414,436]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Pycnochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vanderbilti">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFB5FFDD97FB11B59620FFE9" box="[1152,1287,414,436]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="279">P. vanderbilti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and relatives) lack an exposed suborbital (
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFB5FFDD973911969677FF8C" author="Fowler, H. W. &amp; B. A. Bean" box="[1090,1360,444,466]" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" pagination="1 - 525" refId="ref66574" refString="Fowler, H. W., and B. A. Bean. 1928. Contributions to the biology of the Philippine Archipelago and adjacent regions. The fishes of the families Pomacentridae, Labridae, and Callyodontidae, collected by the United States Bureau of Fisheries steamer '' Albatross, '' chiefly in Philippine seas and adjacent waters. Bulletin of the United States National Museum 100: 1 - 525." type="journal article" year="1928">Fowler and Bean, 1928</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFB5FFDD961A119696D3FF8C" author="Fowler, H. W." box="[1377,1524,444,466]" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" pagination="247 - 279" refId="ref66429" refString="Fowler, H. W. 1941. The George Vanderbilt Oahu Survey - the fishes. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 93: 247 - 279." type="journal article" year="1941">Fowler, 1941</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFB5FFDD902011F097B5FFB2" author="Randall, J. E. &amp; S. N. Swerdloff" box="[859,1170,474,496]" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" pagination="327 - 349" refId="ref77532" refString="Randall, J. E., and S. N. Swerdloff. 1973. A review of the damselfish genus Chromis from the Hawaiian Islands, with descriptions of three new species. Pacific Science 27: 327 - 349." type="journal article" year="1973">Randall and Swerdloff, 1973</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFB5FFDD97E711F096A6FFAD" author="Moyer, J. T. &amp; H. Ida" box="[1180,1409,474,496]" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" pagination="189 - 194" refId="ref74227" refString="Moyer, J. T., and H. Ida. 1976. Description of a new damselfish, Chromis miyakeensis, from Miyake Island, Japan. Japanese Journal of Ichthyology 22: 189 - 194." type="journal article" year="1976">Moyer and Ida, 1976</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFB5FFDD96F011F0909BFC53" author="Randall, J. E. &amp; H. Ida &amp; J. T. Moyer" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" pagination="203 - 242" refId="ref77301" refString="Randall, J. E., H. Ida, and J. T. Moyer. 1981. A review of the damselfishes of the genus Chromis from Japan and Taiwan, with description of a new species. Japanese Journal of Ichthyology 28: 203 - 242." type="journal article" year="1981">Randall et al., 1981</bibRefCitation>
), so the condition of the suborbital in the species of the
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFB5FFDD90F3123E90DDFC77" box="[904,1018,532,554]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="279">margartifer</emphasis>
complex may distinguish the group from the rest of
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFB5FFDD90DC12189713FC15" authorityName="Fowler" authorityYear="1941" box="[935,1076,562,584]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Pycnochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFB5FFDD90DC12189713FC15" box="[935,1076,562,584]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="279">Pycnochromis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. A more exhaustive survey of this trait is necessary. Of the three diagnostic characters detailed by Allen (1975a), the presence of extended, branching filaments on each caudal-fin lobe seems to be most reliable for identifying members of this complex. They are present in all species of the group (
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFB5FFDD971212EC97D4FC81" author="Smith, J. L. B." box="[1129,1267,710,732]" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" pagination="317 - 349" refId="ref79471" refString="Smith, J. L. B. 1960. Coral fishes of the family Pomacentridae from the Western Indian Ocean and the Red Sea. Ichthyological Bulletin 19: 317 - 349." type="journal article" year="1960">
<collectingRegion id="EA38F387FFB5FFDD971212EC9789FC81" box="[1129,1198,710,732]" country="Bermuda" name="Smith's" pageId="21" pageNumber="279">Smith</collectingRegion>
, 1960
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFB5FFDD978412EC90B3FCA5" author="Randall, J. E. &amp; S. N. Swerdloff" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" pagination="327 - 349" refId="ref77532" refString="Randall, J. E., and S. N. Swerdloff. 1973. A review of the damselfish genus Chromis from the Hawaiian Islands, with descriptions of three new species. Pacific Science 27: 327 - 349." type="journal article" year="1973">Randall and Swerdloff, 1973</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFB5FFDD90DC12C997B6FCA5" author="Randall, J. E. &amp; H. Ida &amp; J. T. Moyer" box="[935,1169,739,761]" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" pagination="203 - 242" refId="ref77301" refString="Randall, J. E., H. Ida, and J. T. Moyer. 1981. A review of the damselfishes of the genus Chromis from Japan and Taiwan, with description of a new species. Japanese Journal of Ichthyology 28: 203 - 242." type="journal article" year="1981">Randall et al., 1981</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFB5FFDD97D812C99676FCA5" author="Randall, J. E." box="[1187,1361,739,761]" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" pagination="49 - 56" refId="ref76618" refString="Randall, J. E. 1988 a. Three new damselfishes of the genus Chromis (Perciformes: Pomacentridae) from the Indian Ocean. Revue Francaise d'Aquariologie Herpetologie 15: 49 - 56." type="journal article" year="1988">Randall, 1988a</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFB5FFDD961912C9968EFCA4" author="Randall, J. E." box="[1378,1449,739,761]" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" pagination="73 - 81" refId="ref76654" refString="Randall, J. E. 1988 b. Three new Indo-Pacific damselfishes of the genus Chromis (Pomacentridae). Memoirs of the Museum of Victoria 49: 73 - 81." type="journal article" year="1988">1988b</bibRefCitation>
, 2001;
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFB5FFDD9020132B9786FD4B" author="Randall, J. E. &amp; J. E. McCosker" box="[859,1185,769,791]" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" pagination="329 - 337" refId="ref77399" refString="Randall, J. E., and J. E. McCosker. 1992. Two new damselfishes of the genus Chromis (Perciformes: Pomacentridae) from the South Pacific. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (Series 4) 47: 329 - 337." type="journal article" year="1992">Randall and McCosker, 1992</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFB5FFDD97D4132B96D3FD4B" author="Randall, J. E. &amp; J. D. DiBattista" box="[1199,1524,769,791]" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" pagination="1 - 16" refId="ref77176" refString="Randall, J. E., and J. D. DiBattista. 2013. A new species of damselfish (Pomacentridae) from the Indian Ocean. Aqua, International Journal of Ichthyology 19: 1 - 16." type="journal article" year="2013">Randall and DiBattista, 2013</bibRefCitation>
; Allen and Erdmann, 2014;
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFB5FFDD97DE1335969EFD68" author="Froese, R. &amp; D. Pauly" box="[1189,1465,798,821]" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" refId="ref67178" refString="Froese, R., and D. Pauly (Eds.). 2019. FishBase, version December 2019. http: // www. fishbase. org" type="url" year="2019">Froese and Pauly, 2019</bibRefCitation>
) and absent in other chromine species. A few have extensions of the caudal fins but not like what is seen in the
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFB5FFDD96FB137390E5FDD0" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="279">
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFB5FFDD96FB137396DEFD32" baseAuthorityName="Fowler" baseAuthorityYear="1946" box="[1408,1529,857,879]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Pycnochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="margaritifer">margaritifer</taxonomicName>
complex:
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFB5FFDD90BC135C9797FDD1" authorityName="Kamohara" authorityYear="1960" box="[967,1200,886,908]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albomaculata">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFB5FFDD90BC135C9739FDD1" box="[967,1054,886,908]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="279">Chromis</emphasis>
albomaculata
</taxonomicName>
(as juveniles),
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFB5FFDD962A135D96D5FDD1" authorityName="Welander &amp; Schultz" authorityYear="1951" box="[1361,1522,886,908]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atripectoralis">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFB5FFDD962A135D96D5FDD1" box="[1361,1522,886,908]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="279">C. atripectoralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFB5FFDD90F413BE9729FDF7" baseAuthorityName="Moyer and Ida" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[911,1038,916,938]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="xanthura">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFB5FFDD90F413BE9729FDF7" box="[911,1038,916,938]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="279">C. xanthura</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have filamentous caudal-fin rays but none are described as being branched (
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFB5FFDD9783139896CAFD95" author="Randall, J. E. &amp; H. Ida &amp; J. T. Moyer" box="[1272,1517,945,968]" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" pagination="203 - 242" refId="ref77301" refString="Randall, J. E., H. Ida, and J. T. Moyer. 1981. A review of the damselfishes of the genus Chromis from Japan and Taiwan, with description of a new species. Japanese Journal of Ichthyology 28: 203 - 242." type="journal article" year="1981">Randall et al., 1981</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFB5FFDD902013E590CFFDB8" authorityName="Fowler" authorityYear="1941" box="[859,1000,975,997]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Pycnochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFB5FFDD902013E590CFFDB8" box="[859,1000,975,997]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="279">Pycnochromis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
includes many of the black-and-white species (e.g.,
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFB5FFDD90E113C790CFFA5F" baseAuthorityName="Randall &amp; DiBattista" baseAuthorityYear="2013" box="[922,1000,1004,1026]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Pycnochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fieldi">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFB5FFDD90E113C790CFFA5F" box="[922,1000,1004,1026]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="279">P. fieldi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFB5FFDD908213C79745FA5F" authorityName="Jordan &amp; Seale" authorityYear="1906" box="[1017,1122,1004,1026]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="iomelas">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFB5FFDD908213C79745FA5F" box="[1017,1122,1004,1026]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="279">P. iomelas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFB5FFDD970813C797C5FA5F" baseAuthorityName="Gilbert" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[1139,1250,1004,1026]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Pycnochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leucurus">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFB5FFDD970813C797C5FA5F" box="[1139,1250,1004,1026]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="279">P. leucurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFB5FFDD965C13C7969CFA5F" baseAuthorityName="Fowler" baseAuthorityYear="1946" box="[1319,1467,1004,1026]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Pycnochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="margaritifer">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFB5FFDD965C13C7969CFA5F" box="[1319,1467,1004,1026]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="279">P. margaritifer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), but some white-tailed species were recovered elsewhere (e.g.,
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFB5FFDD969A14209095FA60" baseAuthorityName="Bliss" baseAuthorityYear="1883" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chrysura">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFB5FFDD969A14209095FA60" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="279">C. chrysura</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFB5FFDD908114029759FA60" baseAuthorityName="Moyer and Ida" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[1018,1150,1063,1085]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="xanthura">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFB5FFDD908114029759FA60" box="[1018,1150,1063,1085]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="279">C. xanthura</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). The placement of
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFB5FFDD9600140296DEFA60" baseAuthorityName="Bliss" baseAuthorityYear="1883" box="[1403,1529,1063,1085]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chrysura">C. chrysura</taxonomicName>
outside of
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFB5FFDD90A4146F974BFA06" authorityName="Fowler" authorityYear="1941" box="[991,1132,1093,1115]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Pycnochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFB5FFDD90A4146F974BFA06" box="[991,1132,1093,1115]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="279">Pycnochromis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is expected; in comparing other species to
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFB5FFDD90B1144997C9FA24" authority=", Randall (2001)" authorityName=", Randall" authorityYear="2001" box="[970,1262,1122,1145]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fatuhivae">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFB5FFDD90B114499766FA25" box="[970,1089,1122,1144]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="279">P. fatuhivae</emphasis>
,
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFB5FFDD9735144897C9FA24" author="Randall, J. E. &amp; H. A. Randall" box="[1102,1262,1122,1145]" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" pagination="61 - 67" refId="ref77449" refString="Randall, J. E., and H. A. Randall. 2001. Dascyllus auripinnis, a new pomacentrid fish from atolls of the Central Pacific Ocean. Zoological Studies 40: 61 - 67." type="journal article" year="2001">Randall (2001)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
noted in passing that
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFB5FFDD969A14499095FACB" baseAuthorityName="Bliss" baseAuthorityYear="1883" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chrysura">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFB5FFDD969A14499095FACB" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="279">C. chrysura</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘‘is in a different lineage.’’ He specifically commented on its XIII dorsal spines and lack of filamentous caudal rays. Even though the bicolor species with abrupt dark-tolight color patterns do not form a monophyletic group within
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFB5FFDD90C314DC976EFB51" authorityName="Fowler" authorityYear="1941" box="[952,1097,1270,1292]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Pycnochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFB5FFDD90C314DC976EFB51" box="[952,1097,1270,1292]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="279">Pycnochromis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, a subset of them
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFB5FFDD963314DC9677FB56" box="[1352,1360,1270,1291]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="279">(</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFB5FFDD962A14DD90EEFB74" baseAuthorityName="Randall" baseAuthorityYear="2001" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Pycnochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="abruptus">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFB5FFDD962A14DD96D1FB51" box="[1361,1526,1270,1292]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="279">P. abruptus, P</emphasis>
. dimidiatus
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFB5FFDD90A5153E9708FB74" baseAuthorityName="Randall &amp; DiBattista" baseAuthorityYear="2013" box="[990,1071,1299,1321]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Pycnochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fieldi">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFB5FFDD90A5153E9708FB74" box="[990,1071,1299,1321]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="279">P. fieldi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFB5FFDD9700153E9634FB74" baseAuthorityName="Fowler" baseAuthorityYear="1946" box="[1147,1299,1299,1321]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Pycnochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="margaritifer">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFB5FFDD9700153E9634FB74" box="[1147,1299,1299,1321]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="279">P. margaritifer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) are closely related (100% bootstrap), which has been proposed before (
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFB5FFDD96E5151B90B3FB3E" author="Randall, J. E. &amp; H. A. Randall" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" pagination="61 - 67" refId="ref77449" refString="Randall, J. E., and H. A. Randall. 2001. Dascyllus auripinnis, a new pomacentrid fish from atolls of the Central Pacific Ocean. Zoological Studies 40: 61 - 67." type="journal article" year="2001">Randall, 2001</bibRefCitation>
; Allen and Erdmann, 2012;
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFB5FFDD9795156490B3FBDC" author="Randall, J. E. &amp; J. D. DiBattista" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" pagination="1 - 16" refId="ref77176" refString="Randall, J. E., and J. D. DiBattista. 2013. A new species of damselfish (Pomacentridae) from the Indian Ocean. Aqua, International Journal of Ichthyology 19: 1 - 16." type="journal article" year="2013">Randall and DiBattista, 2013</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFB5FFDD90DE15469742FBDF" author="He, S. &amp; V. Robitzch &amp; J. - P. A. Hobbs &amp; M. J. Travers &amp; D. Lozano-Cortes &amp; M. L. Berumen &amp; J. D. DiBattista" box="[933,1125,1387,1410]" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" pagination="5468 - 5478" refId="ref68720" refString="He, S., V. Robitzch, J. - P. A. Hobbs, M. J. Travers, D. Lozano-Cortes, M. L. Berumen, and J. D. DiBattista. 2019 b. An examination of introgression and incomplete lineage sorting among three closely related species of chocolatedipped damselfish (genus Chromis). Ecology and Evolution 9: 5468 - 5478." type="journal article" year="2019">He et al., 2019b</bibRefCitation>
). Our results corroborate the sister relationship hypothesized for
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFB5FFDD97DF15A09632FBC2" baseAuthorityName="Randall" baseAuthorityYear="2001" box="[1188,1301,1417,1439]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Pycnochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="abruptus">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFB5FFDD97DF15A09632FBC2" box="[1188,1301,1417,1439]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="279">P. abruptus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFB5FFDD965A15A29614FBC2" bold="true" box="[1313,1331,1416,1439]" pageId="21" pageNumber="279">¼</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFB5FFDD964D15A39694FBC2" box="[1334,1459,1417,1439]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFB5FFDD964D15A396AAFBC2" box="[1334,1421,1417,1439]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="279">Chromis</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
‘‘F’’ in Allen, 1975a) and
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFB5FFDD973A158297FBFBE0" baseAuthorityName="Fowler" baseAuthorityYear="1946" box="[1089,1244,1447,1469]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Pycnochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="margaritifer">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFB5FFDD973A158297FBFBE0" box="[1089,1244,1447,1469]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="279">P. margaritifer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Allen, 1975a;
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFB5FFDD96E4158D90B2FB86" author="Randall, J. E. &amp; H. A. Randall" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" pagination="61 - 67" refId="ref77449" refString="Randall, J. E., and H. A. Randall. 2001. Dascyllus auripinnis, a new pomacentrid fish from atolls of the Central Pacific Ocean. Zoological Studies 40: 61 - 67." type="journal article" year="2001">Randall, 2001</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFB5FFDD90D415EE97BFFB87" baseAuthorityName="Jordan &amp; Seale" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[943,1176,1476,1498]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Pycnochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="iomelas">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFB5FFDD90D415EE97BFFB87" box="[943,1176,1476,1498]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="279">Pycnochromis iomelas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which shares a similar halfand-half color pattern with these species and has been previously associated with them (e.g., Allen, 1975a;
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFB5FFDD96DD15D590F2F86F" author="Randall, J. E. &amp; G. R. Allen &amp; R. C. Steene" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" refId="ref76995" refString="Randall, J. E., G. R. Allen, and R. C. Steene. 1997. Fishes of the Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea. Second edition. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, Hawaii." type="book" year="1997">Randall et al., 1997</bibRefCitation>
; Randall, 2005;
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFB5FFDD97F816379698F86E" author="Randall, J. E. &amp; J. D. DiBattista" box="[1155,1471,1564,1587]" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" pagination="1 - 16" refId="ref77176" refString="Randall, J. E., and J. D. DiBattista. 2013. A new species of damselfish (Pomacentridae) from the Indian Ocean. Aqua, International Journal of Ichthyology 19: 1 - 16." type="journal article" year="2013">Randall and DiBattista, 2013</bibRefCitation>
), was recovered as a more distant relative within
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFB5FFDD964F161096E6F80D" authorityName="Fowler" authorityYear="1941" box="[1332,1473,1594,1616]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Pycnochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pycnochromis</taxonomicName>
. Our phylogeny resolves
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFB5FFDD973B167397FAF830" baseAuthorityName="Bleeker" baseAuthorityYear="1871" box="[1088,1245,1623,1646]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="amboinensis">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFB5FFDD973B167397FAF830" box="[1088,1245,1623,1646]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="279">P. amboinensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFB5FFDD965B167396B4F830" baseAuthorityName="Allen &amp; Erdmann" baseAuthorityYear="2014" box="[1312,1427,1623,1646]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Pycnochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="howsoni">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFB5FFDD965B167396B4F830" box="[1312,1427,1623,1646]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="279">P. howsoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as sister species, as hypothesized by Allen and Erdmann (2014).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="28433D65FFB5FFDE902016809278FFC4" blockId="21.[859,1529,1706,2024]" lastBlockId="22.[103,774,178,409]" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="280" pageId="21" pageNumber="279">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFB5FFDD90201680963DF89D" box="[859,1306,1706,1729]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="279">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFB5FFDD9020168097A3F89C" bold="true" box="[859,1156,1706,1729]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="279">Provisional classifications.—</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFB5FFDD97FE1680963DF89D" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1960" box="[1157,1306,1706,1728]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="agilis">Chromis agilis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
is probably a member of this genus because of its similarity to
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFB5FFDD964D16E396B7F883" baseAuthorityName="Fowler &amp; Bean" baseAuthorityYear="1928" box="[1334,1424,1737,1758]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Pycnochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atripes">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFB5FFDD964D16E396B7F883" box="[1334,1424,1737,1758]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="279">P. atripes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFB5FFDD96E516E29086F8A6" author="Randall, J. E." pageId="21" pageNumber="279" pagination="49 - 56" refId="ref76618" refString="Randall, J. E. 1988 a. Three new damselfishes of the genus Chromis (Perciformes: Pomacentridae) from the Indian Ocean. Revue Francaise d'Aquariologie Herpetologie 15: 49 - 56." type="journal article" year="1988">Randall, 1988a</bibRefCitation>
; Allen, 1991;
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFB5FFDD973016CC97FDF8A6" author="Myers, R. F." box="[1099,1242,1766,1787]" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" refId="ref74493" refString="Myers, R. F. 1999. Micronesian Reef Fishes: A Field Guide for Divers and Aquarists. Coral Graphics, Barrigada, Territory of Guam." type="book" year="1999">Myers, 1999</bibRefCitation>
; Randall, 2005;
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFB5FFDD96E516CC96DEF8A6" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1960" box="[1438,1529,1765,1787]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="agilis">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFB5FFDD96E516CC96DEF8A6" box="[1438,1529,1765,1787]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="279">C. agilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
treated as
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFB5FFDD90A2172E971EF944" authorityName="Randall" authorityYear="1988" box="[985,1081,1795,1817]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="xutha">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFB5FFDD90A2172E971EF944" box="[985,1081,1795,1817]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="279">C. xutha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFB5FFDD97F3172E90B9F96A" authority="(Allen and Erdmann, 2020)" baseAuthorityName="Allen and Erdmann" baseAuthorityYear="2020" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Pycnochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pacifica">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFB5FFDD97F3172E97D1F944" box="[1160,1270,1795,1817]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="279">P. pacifica</emphasis>
(Allen and Erdmann, 2020)
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFB5FFDD90CA170A9781F96B" authorityName="Randall" authorityYear="1988" box="[945,1190,1824,1846]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flavipectoralis">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFB5FFDD90CA170A9781F96B" box="[945,1190,1824,1846]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="279">Chromis flavipectoralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is likely another species of
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFB5FFDD9020171490CFF909" authorityName="Fowler" authorityYear="1941" box="[859,1000,1854,1876]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Pycnochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFB5FFDD9020171490CFF909" box="[859,1000,1854,1876]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="279">Pycnochromis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, based on its similarity to
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFB5FFDD96741715968FF909" baseAuthorityName="Bleeker" baseAuthorityYear="1871" box="[1295,1448,1854,1876]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="amboinensis">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFB5FFDD96741715968FF909" box="[1295,1448,1854,1876]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="279">P. amboinensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Allen, 1991; Allen and Erdmann, 2012) and
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFB5FFDD96791776908DF9CD" authority="(Randall, 1988 a)" baseAuthorityName="Randall" baseAuthorityYear="1988" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Pycnochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ovatiformis">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFB5FFDD9679177696A8F92C" box="[1282,1423,1883,1905]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="279">P. ovatiformis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFB5FFDD96E517769085F9CD" author="Randall, J. E." pageId="21" pageNumber="279" pagination="49 - 56" refId="ref76618" refString="Randall, J. E. 1988 a. Three new damselfishes of the genus Chromis (Perciformes: Pomacentridae) from the Indian Ocean. Revue Francaise d'Aquariologie Herpetologie 15: 49 - 56." type="journal article" year="1988">Randall, 1988a</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. Both
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFB5FFDD977F17509745F9D2" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1960" box="[1028,1122,1913,1935]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="agilis">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFB5FFDD977F17509745F9D2" box="[1028,1122,1913,1935]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="279">C. agilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFB5FFDD97D617509642F9D2" authorityName="Randall" authorityYear="1988" box="[1197,1381,1913,1935]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flavipectoralis">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFB5FFDD97D617509642F9D2" box="[1197,1381,1913,1935]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="279">C. flavipectoralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
possess the diagnostic features of the
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFB5FFDD97EB17BC962EF9F1" baseAuthorityName="Fowler" baseAuthorityYear="1946" box="[1168,1289,1942,1964]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Pycnochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="margaritifer">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFB5FFDD97EB17BC962EF9F1" box="[1168,1289,1942,1964]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="279">margaritifer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
complex: XII dorsal spines, exposed suborbital margin, and caudal-fin lobes with filamentous branched tips (
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFB5FFDD97E117F89660F9B5" author="Randall, J. E." box="[1178,1351,2001,2024]" pageId="21" pageNumber="279" pagination="49 - 56" refId="ref76618" refString="Randall, J. E. 1988 a. Three new damselfishes of the genus Chromis (Perciformes: Pomacentridae) from the Indian Ocean. Revue Francaise d'Aquariologie Herpetologie 15: 49 - 56." type="journal article" year="1988">Randall, 1988a</bibRefCitation>
). Therefore, we provisionally classify these two species as
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFB6FFDE914B1098919AFE95" authorityName="Fowler" authorityYear="1941" box="[560,701,178,200]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Pycnochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="22" pageNumber="280" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFB6FFDE914B1098919AFE95" box="[560,701,178,200]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="280">Pycnochromis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<tableCitation id="657E08DEFFB6FFDE91B210999350FEBA" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="16.[103,151,178,198]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Table 2. Provisional classification of species previously assigned to Chromis sensu lato and not examined herein." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/7C836DEDFFB0FFD8931C10989785FE9B" pageId="22" pageNumber="280" tableUuid="7C836DEDFFB0FFD8931C10989785FE9B">Table 2</tableCitation>
). This would bring the total number of species in this complex to 20, matching the diversity of the
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFB6FFDE91D710C493C0FF7C" baseAuthorityName="Bleeker" baseAuthorityYear="1871" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="22" pageNumber="280" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="amboinensis">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFB6FFDE91D710C493C0FF7C" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="280">Chromis amboinensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
complex mentioned by Allen and Erdmann (2020: 110), who placed
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFB6FFDE920F110092EAFF62" authorityName="Randall" authorityYear="1988" box="[372,461,297,319]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="22" pageNumber="280" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="xutha">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFB6FFDE920F110092EAFF62" box="[372,461,297,319]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="280">C. xutha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the synonymy of
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFB6FFDE91CA11009023FF62" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1960" box="[689,772,297,319]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="22" pageNumber="280" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="agilis">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFB6FFDE91CA11009023FF62" box="[689,772,297,319]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="280">C. agilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFB6FFDE9317116F9359FF01" bold="true" box="[108,126,325,348]" pageId="22" pageNumber="280">¼</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFB6FFDE93FE116293F3FF01" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1960" box="[133,212,326,349]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="22" pageNumber="280" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="agilis">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFB6FFDE93FE116293F3FF01" box="[133,212,326,349]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="280">P. agilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
]. We treat
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFB6FFDE922A116C92DFFF01" authorityName="Fowler and Bean" authorityYear="1928" box="[337,504,326,348]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="22" pageNumber="280" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lineata">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFB6FFDE922A116C92DFFF01" box="[337,504,326,348]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="280">Chromis lineata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFB6FFDE9165116C9022FF01" box="[542,773,326,348]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Pycnochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="22" pageNumber="280" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lineatus">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFB6FFDE9165116C9022FF01" box="[542,773,326,348]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="280">Pycnochromis lineatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
because of its similarity to
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFB6FFDE92C3114F913FFF27" baseAuthorityName="Randall &amp; Swerdloff" baseAuthorityYear="1973" box="[440,536,357,378]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Pycnochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="22" pageNumber="280" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acares">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFB6FFDE92C3114F913FFF27" box="[440,536,357,378]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="280">P. acares</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFB6FFDE9154114F9184FF27" baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1960" box="[559,675,357,378]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Pycnochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="22" pageNumber="280" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigrurus">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFB6FFDE9154114F9184FF27" box="[559,675,357,378]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="280">P. nigrurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFB6FFDE9188114F93F2FFC5" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Pycnochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="22" pageNumber="280" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vanderbilti">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFB6FFDE9188114F93F2FFC5" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="280">P. vanderbilti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see above).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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