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.
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<emphasis id="1A88E177FFAEFFC693BB15F693FFFBAE" bold="true" box="[192,216,1500,1523]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="272">—</emphasis>
The genus was first described as being ‘‘closely allied to 
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<emphasis id="1A88E177FFAEFFC693AB15D09200F84D" box="[208,295,1530,1552]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="272">Chromis</emphasis>
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’’ (
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and McGregor, 1898 [in 
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<collectingCountry id="50EB7DF5FFAEFFC691C715D09022F84D" box="[700,773,1530,1552]" name="Jordan" pageId="14" pageNumber="272">Jordan</collectingCountry>
and Evermann, 1898
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]). It originally encompassed long, slender damselfishes with a continuous lateral line and deeply forked caudal fin (
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and McGregor, 1898 [in 
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<collectingCountry id="50EB7DF5FFAEFFC6931C165A9397F8DB" box="[103,176,1648,1670]" name="Jordan" pageId="14" pageNumber="272">Jordan</collectingCountry>
and Evermann, 1898
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]; 
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). It has been consistently recovered within 
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Chromis 
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lato
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(
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFAEFFC6931516819260F89D" author="Tang, K. L. &amp; K. M. McNyset &amp; N. I. Holcroft" box="[110,327,1707,1729]" pageId="14" pageNumber="272" pagination="823 - 828" refId="ref80984" refString="Tang, K. L., K. M. McNyset, and N. I. Holcroft. 2004. The phylogenetic position of five genera (Acanthochromis, Azurina, Chrysiptera, Dischistodus, and Neopomacentrus) of damselfishes (Perciformes: Pomacentridae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 30: 823 - 828." type="journal article" year="2004">Tang et al., 2004</bibRefCitation>
; Cooper et al., 2009; Cowman and Bellwood, 2011; 
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFAEFFC6925A16E292DDF880" author="Litsios, G. &amp; C. A. Sims &amp; R. O. Wuest &amp; P. B. Pearman &amp; N. E. Zimmermann &amp; N. Salamin" box="[289,506,1736,1758]" pageId="14" pageNumber="272" pagination="212" refId="ref72166" refString="Litsios, G., C. A. Sims, R. O. Wuest, P. B. Pearman, N. E. Zimmermann, and N. Salamin. 2012 a. Mutualism with sea anemones triggered the adaptive radiation of clownfishes. BMC Evolutionary Biology 12: 212." type="journal article" year="2012">Litsios et al., 2012a</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFAEFFC6917D16E2916AF883" author="Litsios, G. &amp; L. Pellissier &amp; F. Forest &amp; C. Lexer &amp; P. B. Pearman &amp; N. E. Zimmermann &amp; N. Salamin" box="[518,589,1736,1758]" pageId="14" pageNumber="272" pagination="3662 - 3669" refId="ref72070" refString="Litsios, G., L. Pellissier, F. Forest, C. Lexer, P. B. Pearman, N. E. Zimmermann, and N. Salamin. 2012 b. Trophic specialization influences the rate of environmental niche evolution in damselfishes (Pomacentridae). Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 279: 3662 - 3669." type="journal article" year="2012">2012b</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFAEFFC6912216E29386F8A6" author="Frederich, B. &amp; L. Sorenson &amp; F. Santini &amp; G. J. Slater &amp; M. E. Alfaro" pageId="14" pageNumber="272" pagination="94 - 113" refId="ref66743" refString="Frederich, B., L. Sorenson, F. Santini, G. J. Slater, and M. E. Alfaro. 2013. Iterative ecological radiation and convergence during the evolutionary history of damselfishes (Pomacentridae). The American Naturalist 181: 94 - 113." type="journal article" year="2013">Frédérich et al., 2013</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFAEFFC693CE16CC9296F8A6" author="Rabosky, D. L. &amp; F. Santini &amp; J. Eastman &amp; S. A. Smith &amp; B. Sidlauskas &amp; J. Chang &amp; M. E. Alfaro" box="[181,433,1766,1788]" pageId="14" pageNumber="272" pagination="1958" refId="ref76375" refString="Rabosky, D. L., F. Santini, J. Eastman, S. A. Smith, B. Sidlauskas, J. Chang, and M. E. Alfaro. 2013. Rates of speciation and morphological evolution are correlated across the largest vertebrate radiation. Nature Communications 4: 1958." type="journal article" year="2013">Rabosky et al., 2013</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFAEFFC692BE16CC92D8F8A6" author="Rabosky, D. L. &amp; J. Chang &amp; P. O. Title &amp; P. F. Cowman &amp; L. Sallan &amp; M. Friedman &amp; K. Kaschner &amp; C. Garilao &amp; T. J. Near &amp; M. Coll &amp; M. E. Alfaro" box="[453,511,1766,1787]" pageId="14" pageNumber="272" pagination="392 - 395" refId="ref76299" refString="Rabosky, D. L., J. Chang, P. O. Title, P. F. Cowman, L. Sallan, M. Friedman, K. Kaschner, C. Garilao, T. J. Near, M. Coll, and M. E. Alfaro. 2018. An inverse latitudinal gradient in speciation rate for marine fishes. Nature 559: 392 - 395." type="journal article" year="2018">2018</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFAEFFC6916816CC9026F8A6" author="Lobato, F. L. &amp; D. R. Barneche &amp; A. C. Siqueira &amp; A. M. R. Liedke &amp; A. Lindner &amp; M. R. Pie &amp; D. R. Bellwood &amp; S. R. Floeter" box="[531,769,1766,1788]" pageId="14" pageNumber="272" pagination="102094" refId="ref72399" refString="Lobato, F. L., D. R. Barneche, A. C. Siqueira, A. M. R. Liedke, A. Lindner, M. R. Pie, D. R. Bellwood, and S. R. Floeter. 2014. Diet and diversification in the evolution of coral reef fishes. PLoS ONE 9: e 102094." type="journal article" year="2014">Lobato et al., 2014</bibRefCitation>
; DiBattista et al., 2016; 
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFAEFFC692FC17299112F944" author="Mirande, J. M." box="[391,565,1795,1817]" pageId="14" pageNumber="272" pagination="333 - 350" refId="ref73614" refString="Mirande, J. M. 2016. Combined phylogeny of ray-finned fishes (Actinopterygii) and the use of morphological characters in large-scale analyses. Cladistics 33: 333 - 350." type="journal article" year="2016">Mirande, 2016</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFAEFFC6913217299387F96B" author="Gaboriau, T. &amp; F. Leprieur &amp; D. Mouillot &amp; N. Hubert" pageId="14" pageNumber="272" pagination="1295 - 1306" refId="ref67249" refString="Gaboriau, T., F. Leprieur, D. Mouillot, and N. Hubert. 2018. Influence of the geography of speciation on current patterns of coral reef fish biodiversity across the Indo-Pacific. Ecography 41: 1295 - 1306." type="journal article" year="2018">Gaboriau et al., 2018</bibRefCitation>
; Delrieu-Trottin et al., 2019). Cowman and Bellwood (2011: figs. 2b, S6) included 
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<emphasis id="1A88E177FFAEFFC692D517159127F909" box="[430,512,1855,1876]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="272">Azurina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in a group they called ‘‘ 
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<emphasis id="1A88E177FFAEFFC69308177193EDF92C" box="[115,202,1883,1905]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="272">Chromis</emphasis>
EP
</taxonomicName>
/WA.’’ Cooper et al. (2009) placed 
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<emphasis id="1A88E177FFAEFFC691121776919CF92C" box="[617,699,1884,1905]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="272">Azurina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the synonymy of 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFAEFFC6926A1753924FF9D2" box="[273,360,1913,1935]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="272" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFAEFFC6926A1753924FF9D2" box="[273,360,1913,1935]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="272">Chromis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, a change that was supported by Aguilar-Medrano (2013) but largely ignored by others (e.g., Cowman and Bellwood, 2011; 
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFAEFFC692B1179E918DF994" author="Litsios, G. &amp; C. A. Sims &amp; R. O. Wuest &amp; P. B. Pearman &amp; N. E. Zimmermann &amp; N. Salamin" box="[458,682,1972,1994]" pageId="14" pageNumber="272" pagination="212" refId="ref72166" refString="Litsios, G., C. A. Sims, R. O. Wuest, P. B. Pearman, N. E. Zimmermann, and N. Salamin. 2012 a. Mutualism with sea anemones triggered the adaptive radiation of clownfishes. BMC Evolutionary Biology 12: 212." type="journal article" year="2012">Litsios et al., 2012a</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFAEFFC691C2179E9026F997" author="Litsios, G. &amp; L. Pellissier &amp; F. Forest &amp; C. Lexer &amp; P. B. Pearman &amp; N. E. Zimmermann &amp; N. Salamin" box="[697,769,1972,1994]" pageId="14" pageNumber="272" pagination="3662 - 3669" refId="ref72070" refString="Litsios, G., L. Pellissier, F. Forest, C. Lexer, P. B. Pearman, N. E. Zimmermann, and N. Salamin. 2012 b. Trophic specialization influences the rate of environmental niche evolution in damselfishes (Pomacentridae). Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 279: 3662 - 3669." type="journal article" year="2012">2012b</bibRefCitation>
; Betancur-R. et al., 2013a, 2015, 2017; 
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFAEFFC6916917F89027F9BA" author="Frederich, B. &amp; L. Sorenson &amp; F. Santini &amp; G. J. Slater &amp; M. E. Alfaro" box="[530,768,2002,2024]" pageId="14" pageNumber="272" pagination="94 - 113" refId="ref66743" refString="Frederich, B., L. Sorenson, F. Santini, G. J. Slater, and M. E. Alfaro. 2013. Iterative ecological radiation and convergence during the evolutionary history of damselfishes (Pomacentridae). The American Naturalist 181: 94 - 113." type="journal article" year="2013">Frédérich et al., 2013</bibRefCitation>
, 2014; Cooper et al., 2014; 
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFAEFFC697FB1099964FFE95" author="Lobato, F. L. &amp; D. R. Barneche &amp; A. C. Siqueira &amp; A. M. R. Liedke &amp; A. Lindner &amp; M. R. Pie &amp; D. R. Bellwood &amp; S. R. Floeter" box="[1152,1384,179,201]" pageId="14" pageNumber="272" pagination="102094" refId="ref72399" refString="Lobato, F. L., D. R. Barneche, A. C. Siqueira, A. M. R. Liedke, A. Lindner, M. R. Pie, D. R. Bellwood, and S. R. Floeter. 2014. Diet and diversification in the evolution of coral reef fishes. PLoS ONE 9: e 102094." type="journal article" year="2014">Lobato et al., 2014</bibRefCitation>
; Aguilar-Medrano et al., 2015; DiBattista et al., 2016). Cooper and Santini (2016) formally reversed this decision and resumed treating 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFAEFFC690EA112190C4FF7D" authorityName="Jordan &amp; McGregor" authorityYear="1898" box="[913,995,267,288]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Azurina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="272" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFAEFFC690EA112190C4FF7D" box="[913,995,267,288]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="272">Azurina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a distinct genus. In studies with sufficient sampling, 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFAEFFC690D71103977EFF63" authorityName="Jordan &amp; McGregor" authorityYear="1898" box="[940,1113,296,318]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Azurina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="272" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hirundo">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFAEFFC690D71103977EFF63" box="[940,1113,296,318]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="272">Azurina hirundo</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is always found in a clade with some combination of 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFAEFFC6973B116C97EDFF01" authorityName="Gill" authorityYear="1862" box="[1088,1226,326,348]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="272" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atrilobata">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFAEFFC6973B116C97EDFF01" box="[1088,1226,326,348]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="272">A. atrilobata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFAEFFC6979B116C966BFF01" box="[1248,1356,326,348]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chrysiptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="272" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cyanea">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFAEFFC6979B116C966BFF01" box="[1248,1356,326,348]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="272">A. cyanea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and/or 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFAEFFC696C0116C9095FF24" baseAuthorityName="Holland" baseAuthorityYear="1920" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Azurina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="272" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="multilineata">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFAEFFC696C0116C9095FF24" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="272">A. multilineata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Cooper et al., 2009; Cowman and Bellwood, 2011; 
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFAEFFC6900411AB9740FFCB" author="Litsios, G. &amp; C. A. Sims &amp; R. O. Wuest &amp; P. B. Pearman &amp; N. E. Zimmermann &amp; N. Salamin" box="[895,1127,385,407]" pageId="14" pageNumber="272" pagination="212" refId="ref72166" refString="Litsios, G., C. A. Sims, R. O. Wuest, P. B. Pearman, N. E. Zimmermann, and N. Salamin. 2012 a. Mutualism with sea anemones triggered the adaptive radiation of clownfishes. BMC Evolutionary Biology 12: 212." type="journal article" year="2012">Litsios et al., 2012a</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFAEFFC6970211AB97E7FFCA" author="Litsios, G. &amp; L. Pellissier &amp; F. Forest &amp; C. Lexer &amp; P. B. Pearman &amp; N. E. Zimmermann &amp; N. Salamin" box="[1145,1216,385,407]" pageId="14" pageNumber="272" pagination="3662 - 3669" refId="ref72070" refString="Litsios, G., L. Pellissier, F. Forest, C. Lexer, P. B. Pearman, N. E. Zimmermann, and N. Salamin. 2012 b. Trophic specialization influences the rate of environmental niche evolution in damselfishes (Pomacentridae). Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 279: 3662 - 3669." type="journal article" year="2012">2012b</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFAEFFC697AA11AB96EAFFCB" author="Frederich, B. &amp; L. Sorenson &amp; F. Santini &amp; G. J. Slater &amp; M. E. Alfaro" box="[1233,1485,385,407]" pageId="14" pageNumber="272" pagination="94 - 113" refId="ref66743" refString="Frederich, B., L. Sorenson, F. Santini, G. J. Slater, and M. E. Alfaro. 2013. Iterative ecological radiation and convergence during the evolutionary history of damselfishes (Pomacentridae). The American Naturalist 181: 94 - 113." type="journal article" year="2013">Frédérich et al., 2013</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFAEFFC6904F11B49731FFEE" author="Rabosky, D. L. &amp; F. Santini &amp; J. Eastman &amp; S. A. Smith &amp; B. Sidlauskas &amp; J. Chang &amp; M. E. Alfaro" box="[820,1046,414,436]" pageId="14" pageNumber="272" pagination="1958" refId="ref76375" refString="Rabosky, D. L., F. Santini, J. Eastman, S. A. Smith, B. Sidlauskas, J. Chang, and M. E. Alfaro. 2013. Rates of speciation and morphological evolution are correlated across the largest vertebrate radiation. Nature Communications 4: 1958." type="journal article" year="2013">Rabosky et al., 2013</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFAEFFC6975811B4977BFFEE" author="Rabosky, D. L. &amp; J. Chang &amp; P. O. Title &amp; P. F. Cowman &amp; L. Sallan &amp; M. Friedman &amp; K. Kaschner &amp; C. Garilao &amp; T. J. Near &amp; M. Coll &amp; M. E. Alfaro" box="[1059,1116,414,435]" pageId="14" pageNumber="272" pagination="392 - 395" refId="ref76299" refString="Rabosky, D. L., J. Chang, P. O. Title, P. F. Cowman, L. Sallan, M. Friedman, K. Kaschner, C. Garilao, T. J. Near, M. Coll, and M. E. Alfaro. 2018. An inverse latitudinal gradient in speciation rate for marine fishes. Nature 559: 392 - 395." type="journal article" year="2018">2018</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFAEFFC6971211B4961AFFEE" author="Lobato, F. L. &amp; D. R. Barneche &amp; A. C. Siqueira &amp; A. M. R. Liedke &amp; A. Lindner &amp; M. R. Pie &amp; D. R. Bellwood &amp; S. R. Floeter" box="[1129,1341,414,436]" pageId="14" pageNumber="272" pagination="102094" refId="ref72399" refString="Lobato, F. L., D. R. Barneche, A. C. Siqueira, A. M. R. Liedke, A. Lindner, M. R. Pie, D. R. Bellwood, and S. R. Floeter. 2014. Diet and diversification in the evolution of coral reef fishes. PLoS ONE 9: e 102094." type="journal article" year="2014">Lobato et al., 2014</bibRefCitation>
; DiBattista et al., 2016; 
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFAEFFC690D51191977FFF8C" author="Mirande, J. M." box="[942,1112,443,465]" pageId="14" pageNumber="272" pagination="333 - 350" refId="ref73614" refString="Mirande, J. M. 2016. Combined phylogeny of ray-finned fishes (Actinopterygii) and the use of morphological characters in large-scale analyses. Cladistics 33: 333 - 350." type="journal article" year="2016">Mirande, 2016</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFAEFFC697101191964FFF8C" author="Gaboriau, T. &amp; F. Leprieur &amp; D. Mouillot &amp; N. Hubert" box="[1131,1384,443,465]" pageId="14" pageNumber="272" pagination="1295 - 1306" refId="ref67249" refString="Gaboriau, T., F. Leprieur, D. Mouillot, and N. Hubert. 2018. Influence of the geography of speciation on current patterns of coral reef fish biodiversity across the Indo-Pacific. Ecography 41: 1295 - 1306." type="journal article" year="2018">Gaboriau et al., 2018</bibRefCitation>
; Delrieu-Trottin et al., 2019), which is usually apart from 
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFAEFFC6960011F29096FC51" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="272">
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFAEFFC6960011F2904BFC51" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="272" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sensu">
Chromis 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="01BB5C0CFFAEFFC6904F11DD904BFC51" box="[820,876,503,524]" pageId="14" pageNumber="272" sensu="stricto">sensu</taxonomicNameLabel>
</taxonomicName>
stricto
</emphasis>
. The sister-group relationship of 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFAEFFC6966411DD9686FC51" authorityName="Gill" authorityYear="1862" box="[1311,1441,502,524]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="272" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atrilobata">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFAEFFC6966411DD9686FC51" box="[1311,1441,502,524]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="272">A. atrilobata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFAEFFC6904F123E90FFFC74" baseAuthorityName="Holland" baseAuthorityYear="1920" box="[820,984,531,553]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Azurina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="272" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="multilineata">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFAEFFC6904F123E90FFFC74" box="[820,984,531,553]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="272">A. multilineata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
shown herein corroborates some previous studies (
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFAEFFC690F5121B97ABFC1B" author="Quenouille, B. &amp; E. Bermingham &amp; S. Planes" box="[910,1164,561,583]" pageId="14" pageNumber="272" pagination="66 - 88" refId="ref76154" refString="Quenouille, B., E. Bermingham, and S. Planes. 2004. Molecular systematics of the damselfishes (Teleostei: Pomacentridae): Bayesian phylogenetic analyses of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 31: 66 - 88." type="journal article" year="2004">Quenouille et al., 2004</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFAEFFC697EC121B967AFC15" author="Rocha, L. A. &amp; C. R. Rocha &amp; D. R. Robertson &amp; B. W. Bowen" box="[1175,1373,561,584]" pageId="14" pageNumber="272" pagination="157" refId="ref78275" refString="Rocha, L. A., C. R. Rocha, D. R. Robertson, and B. W. Bowen. 2008. Comparative phylogeography of Atlantic reef fishes indicates both origin and accumulation of diversity in the Caribbean. BMC Evolutionary Biology 8: 157." type="journal article" year="2008">Rocha et al., 2008</bibRefCitation>
) but those did not include 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFAEFFC6908712659755FC39" authorityName="Jordan &amp; McGregor" authorityYear="1898" box="[1020,1138,590,612]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Azurina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="272" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hirundo">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFAEFFC6908712659755FC39" box="[1020,1138,590,612]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="272">A. hirundo</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Others that did examine 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFAEFFC696C0126590A3FCDC" authorityName="Jordan &amp; McGregor" authorityYear="1898" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Azurina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="272" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hirundo">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFAEFFC696C0126590A3FCDC" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="272">A. hirundo</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
found it more closely related to either 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFAEFFC69636124696F5FCDC" authorityName="Gill" authorityYear="1862" box="[1357,1490,619,641]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="272" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atrilobata">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFAEFFC69636124696F5FCDC" box="[1357,1490,619,641]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="272">A. atrilobata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFAEFFC6904012A39705FCC3" author="Frederich, B. &amp; L. Sorenson &amp; F. Santini &amp; G. J. Slater &amp; M. E. Alfaro" box="[827,1058,649,671]" pageId="14" pageNumber="272" pagination="94 - 113" refId="ref66743" refString="Frederich, B., L. Sorenson, F. Santini, G. J. Slater, and M. E. Alfaro. 2013. Iterative ecological radiation and convergence during the evolutionary history of damselfishes (Pomacentridae). The American Naturalist 181: 94 - 113." type="journal article" year="2013">Frédérich et al., 2013</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFAEFFC6975712A39622FCC3" author="Rabosky, D. L. &amp; F. Santini &amp; J. Eastman &amp; S. A. Smith &amp; B. Sidlauskas &amp; J. Chang &amp; M. E. Alfaro" box="[1068,1285,649,671]" pageId="14" pageNumber="272" pagination="1958" refId="ref76375" refString="Rabosky, D. L., F. Santini, J. Eastman, S. A. Smith, B. Sidlauskas, J. Chang, and M. E. Alfaro. 2013. Rates of speciation and morphological evolution are correlated across the largest vertebrate radiation. Nature Communications 4: 1958." type="journal article" year="2013">Rabosky et al., 2013</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFAEFFC6967412A3966FFCC3" author="Rabosky, D. L. &amp; J. Chang &amp; P. O. Title &amp; P. F. Cowman &amp; L. Sallan &amp; M. Friedman &amp; K. Kaschner &amp; C. Garilao &amp; T. J. Near &amp; M. Coll &amp; M. E. Alfaro" box="[1295,1352,649,670]" pageId="14" pageNumber="272" pagination="392 - 395" refId="ref76299" refString="Rabosky, D. L., J. Chang, P. O. Title, P. F. Cowman, L. Sallan, M. Friedman, K. Kaschner, C. Garilao, T. J. Near, M. Coll, and M. E. Alfaro. 2018. An inverse latitudinal gradient in speciation rate for marine fishes. Nature 559: 392 - 395." type="journal article" year="2018">2018</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFAEFFC6962912A390BAFCE1" author="Gaboriau, T. &amp; F. Leprieur &amp; D. Mouillot &amp; N. Hubert" pageId="14" pageNumber="272" pagination="1295 - 1306" refId="ref67249" refString="Gaboriau, T., F. Leprieur, D. Mouillot, and N. Hubert. 2018. Influence of the geography of speciation on current patterns of coral reef fish biodiversity across the Indo-Pacific. Ecography 41: 1295 - 1306." type="journal article" year="2018">Gaboriau et al., 2018</bibRefCitation>
; Delrieu-Trottin et al., 2019) or 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFAEFFC69655128D96F5FCE1" baseAuthorityName="Holland" baseAuthorityYear="1920" box="[1326,1490,678,700]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Azurina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="272" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="multilineata">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFAEFFC69655128D96F5FCE1" box="[1326,1490,678,700]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="272">A. multilineata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Cowman and Bellwood, 2011; DiBattista et al., 2016). The two species of 
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFAEFFC690A712C89791FCAA" box="[988,1206,738,759]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="272">
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFAEFFC690A712C89748FCAA" box="[988,1135,738,759]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Azurina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="272" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sensu">
Azurina 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="01BB5C0CFFAEFFC6974C12C89748FCAA" box="[1079,1135,738,759]" pageId="14" pageNumber="272" sensu="stricto">sensu</taxonomicNameLabel>
</taxonomicName>
stricto
</emphasis>
plus 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFAEFFC6978C12C8965CFCAA" authorityName="Gill" authorityYear="1862" box="[1271,1403,737,759]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="272" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atrilobata">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFAEFFC6978C12C8965CFCAA" box="[1271,1403,737,759]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="272">A. atrilobata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are the only three species in 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFAEFFC6975A12D597B9FD48" baseAuthorityName="sensu Allen" baseAuthorityYear="1975" box="[1057,1182,767,789]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="300" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Chrominae">Chrominae</taxonomicName>
with no exposed spiniform procurrent rays (
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFAEFFC6977913369643FD6C" author="Greenfield, D. W. &amp; L. P. Woods" box="[1026,1380,796,818]" pageId="14" pageNumber="272" pagination="626 - 641" refId="ref68102" refString="Greenfield, D. W., and L. P. Woods. 1980. Review of the deep-bodied species of Chromis (Pisces: Pomacentridae) from the eastern Pacific, with descriptions of three new species. Copeia 1980: 626 - 641." type="journal article" year="1980">Greenfield and Woods, 1980</bibRefCitation>
; Aguilar-Medrano, 2013). Those three species also lack gill rakers on the upper branchial limb, though that character is also observed in a few other species (
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFAEFFC697EA135F960AFDD7" baseAuthorityName="Cooper" baseAuthorityYear="1863" box="[1169,1325,885,906]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="272" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="punctipinnis">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFAEFFC697EA135F960AFDD7" box="[1169,1325,885,906]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="272">C. punctipinnis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFAEFFC69619135F9692FDD7" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1968" box="[1378,1461,885,906]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="272" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scotti">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFAEFFC69619135F9692FDD7" box="[1378,1461,885,906]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="272">C. scotti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFAEFFC6904F13B89093FDF5" baseAuthorityName="sensu Allen" baseAuthorityYear="1975" box="[820,948,914,936]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="300" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Chrominae">Chrominae</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFAEFFC690B913BB97EBFDFA" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1970" box="[962,1228,913,935]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Microspathodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="272" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="frontatus">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFAEFFC690B913BB97EBFDFA" box="[962,1228,913,935]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="272">Microspathodon frontatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFAEFFC6967013B896F5FDFA" baseAuthorityName="Jordan &amp; Rutter" baseAuthorityYear="1897" box="[1291,1490,913,935]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Stegastes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="272" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="diencaeus">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFAEFFC6967013B896F5FDFA" box="[1291,1490,913,935]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="272">Stegastes diencaeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFAEFFC6902913859764FD98" box="[850,1091,943,965]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="300" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Microspathodontinae">Microspathodontinae</taxonomicName>
; Allen, 1991). 
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFAEFFC6979A139A9687FD98" box="[1249,1440,943,965]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="272">
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFAEFFC6979A139A9655FD98" box="[1249,1394,944,965]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Azurina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="272" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sensu">
Azurina 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="01BB5C0CFFAEFFC69641139A9655FD98" box="[1338,1394,944,965]" pageId="14" pageNumber="272" sensu="lato">sensu</taxonomicNameLabel>
</taxonomicName>
lato
</emphasis>
also includes 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFAEFFC690E713E790DDFDBF" authorityName="Fowler &amp; Bean" authorityYear="1928" box="[924,1018,972,994]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="272" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elerae">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFAEFFC690E713E790DDFDBF" box="[924,1018,972,994]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="272">A. elerae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFAEFFC6974713E797EDFDBF" baseAuthorityName="Bleeker" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[1084,1226,972,994]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Azurina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="272" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lepidolepis">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFAEFFC6974713E797EDFDBF" box="[1084,1226,972,994]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="272">A. lepidolepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, two species from the Indo-Pacific. This relationship was also recorded in other phylogenies (
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFAEFFC690B5142D97EBFA41" author="Frederich, B. &amp; L. Sorenson &amp; F. Santini &amp; G. J. Slater &amp; M. E. Alfaro" box="[974,1228,1031,1053]" pageId="14" pageNumber="272" pagination="94 - 113" refId="ref66743" refString="Frederich, B., L. Sorenson, F. Santini, G. J. Slater, and M. E. Alfaro. 2013. Iterative ecological radiation and convergence during the evolutionary history of damselfishes (Pomacentridae). The American Naturalist 181: 94 - 113." type="journal article" year="2013">Frédérich et al., 2013</bibRefCitation>
; Delrieu-Trottin et al., 2019). However, some alternate hypotheses more closely affiliate 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFAEFFC690ED14689701FA05" baseAuthorityName="Bleeker" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[918,1062,1090,1112]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Azurina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="272" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lepidolepis">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFAEFFC690ED14689701FA05" box="[918,1062,1090,1112]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="272">A. lepidolepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFAEFFC6970D1468962CFA05" baseAuthorityName="Bleeker" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[1142,1291,1090,1112]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="272" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ternatensis">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFAEFFC6970D1468962CFA05" box="[1142,1291,1090,1112]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="272">C. ternatensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFAEFFC6965A146896EAFA05" author="Mirande, J. M." box="[1313,1485,1090,1112]" pageId="14" pageNumber="272" pagination="333 - 350" refId="ref73614" refString="Mirande, J. M. 2016. Combined phylogeny of ray-finned fishes (Actinopterygii) and the use of morphological characters in large-scale analyses. Cladistics 33: 333 - 350." type="journal article" year="2016">Mirande, 2016</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFAEFFC6904F144A9701FA28" author="Gaboriau, T. &amp; F. Leprieur &amp; D. Mouillot &amp; N. Hubert" box="[820,1062,1120,1142]" pageId="14" pageNumber="272" pagination="1295 - 1306" refId="ref67249" refString="Gaboriau, T., F. Leprieur, D. Mouillot, and N. Hubert. 2018. Influence of the geography of speciation on current patterns of coral reef fish biodiversity across the Indo-Pacific. Ecography 41: 1295 - 1306." type="journal article" year="2018">Gaboriau et al., 2018</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFAEFFC6974F144A963BFA2B" author="Rabosky, D. L. &amp; J. Chang &amp; P. O. Title &amp; P. F. Cowman &amp; L. Sallan &amp; M. Friedman &amp; K. Kaschner &amp; C. Garilao &amp; T. J. Near &amp; M. Coll &amp; M. E. Alfaro" box="[1076,1308,1119,1142]" pageId="14" pageNumber="272" pagination="392 - 395" refId="ref76299" refString="Rabosky, D. L., J. Chang, P. O. Title, P. F. Cowman, L. Sallan, M. Friedman, K. Kaschner, C. Garilao, T. J. Near, M. Coll, and M. E. Alfaro. 2018. An inverse latitudinal gradient in speciation rate for marine fishes. Nature 559: 392 - 395." type="journal article" year="2018">Rabosky et al., 2018</bibRefCitation>
). Our expanded 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFAEFFC6904F145790A1FACF" authorityName="Jordan &amp; McGregor" authorityYear="1898" box="[820,902,1149,1170]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Azurina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="272" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFAEFFC6904F145790A1FACF" box="[820,902,1149,1170]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="272">Azurina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
includes all species of ‘‘ 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFAEFFC697E4145797D1FACE" box="[1183,1270,1149,1171]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="272" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFAEFFC697E4145797D1FACE" box="[1183,1270,1149,1171]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="272">Chromis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’’ from the Atlantic and eastern Pacific with XII dorsal-fin spines (viz., 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFAEFFC696C014B190BFFA90" authorityName="Gill" authorityYear="1862" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="272" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atrilobata">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFAEFFC696C014B190BFFA90" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="272">A. atrilobata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFAEFFC690D51492973DFA90" box="[942,1050,1208,1229]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chrysiptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="272" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cyanea">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFAEFFC690D51492973DFA90" box="[942,1050,1208,1229]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="272">A. cyanea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFAEFFC6974B149297F3FA90" baseAuthorityName="Holland" baseAuthorityYear="1920" box="[1072,1236,1207,1229]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Azurina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="272" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="multilineata">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFAEFFC6974B149297F3FA90" box="[1072,1236,1207,1229]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="272">A. multilineata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) plus two Indo-West Pacific species (
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFAEFFC6909B14FC971FFAB6" authorityName="Fowler &amp; Bean" authorityYear="1928" box="[992,1080,1237,1259]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="272" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elerae">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFAEFFC6909B14FC971FFAB6" box="[992,1080,1237,1259]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="272">A. elerae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFAEFFC6970914FC97DCFAB6" baseAuthorityName="Bleeker" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[1138,1275,1237,1259]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Azurina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="272" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lepidolepis">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFAEFFC6970914FC97DCFAB6" box="[1138,1275,1237,1259]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="272">A. lepidolepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) that also have XII dorsal-fin spines.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="28433D65FFAEFFC69037153A970DF92F" blockId="14.[820,1492,179,2024]" pageId="14" pageNumber="272">
The inclusion of 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFAEFFC69770153A97BEFB7B" box="[1035,1177,1296,1318]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="272" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFAEFFC69770153A97BEFB7B" box="[1035,1177,1296,1318]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="272">A. brevirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in this clade is unexpected, although 
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFAEFFC690D9150497B5FB1E" author="Gaboriau, T. &amp; F. Leprieur &amp; D. Mouillot &amp; N. Hubert" box="[930,1170,1326,1348]" pageId="14" pageNumber="272" pagination="1295 - 1306" refId="ref67249" refString="Gaboriau, T., F. Leprieur, D. Mouillot, and N. Hubert. 2018. Influence of the geography of speciation on current patterns of coral reef fish biodiversity across the Indo-Pacific. Ecography 41: 1295 - 1306." type="journal article" year="2018">Gaboriau et al. (2018</bibRefCitation>
: fig. A5) did report a similar relationship. Some key meristic counts differ from the rest of 
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFAEFFC6904F154290D3FB23" box="[820,1012,1384,1406]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="272">
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFAEFFC6904F154290E2FB23" box="[820,965,1384,1406]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Azurina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="272" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sensu">
Azurina 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="01BB5C0CFFAEFFC690F6154390E2FB23" box="[909,965,1385,1406]" pageId="14" pageNumber="272" sensu="lato">sensu</taxonomicNameLabel>
</taxonomicName>
lato
</emphasis>
: 14 (rarely 13) dorsal-fin rays versus 10–13; 15–16 anal-fin rays versus 10–13; XIII dorsal-fin spines versus XII (Allen, 1991; 
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFAEFFC690861589979EFBE7" author="Pyle, R. L. &amp; J. L. Earle &amp; B. D. Greene" box="[1021,1209,1443,1466]" pageId="14" pageNumber="272" pagination="3 - 31" refId="ref76100" refString="Pyle, R. L., J. L. Earle, and B. D. Greene. 2008. Five new species of the damselfish genus Chromis (Perciformes: Labroidei: Pomacentridae) from deep coral reefs in the tropical western Pacific. Zootaxa 1671: 3 - 31." type="journal article" year="2008">Pyle et al., 2008</bibRefCitation>
), except for 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFAEFFC69630158996F5FBE4" authorityName="Heller &amp; Snodgrass" authorityYear="1903" box="[1355,1490,1443,1465]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Azurina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="272" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eupalama">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFAEFFC69630158996F5FBE4" box="[1355,1490,1443,1465]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="272">A. eupalama</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(XIII, occasionally XIV; 
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFAEFFC6974115EA9640FB8A" author="Heller, E. &amp; R. E. Snodgrass" box="[1082,1383,1472,1495]" pageId="14" pageNumber="272" pagination="189 - 229" refId="ref68889" refString="Heller, E., and R. E. Snodgrass. 1903. Papers from the Hopkins Stanford Galapagos Expedition, 1898 - 1899. XV. New fishes. Proceedings of the Washington Academy of Sciences 5: 189 - 229." type="journal article" year="1903">Heller and Snodgrass, 1903</bibRefCitation>
). Furthermore, its placement is highly unstable. There is no consensus for its phylogenetic position in past studies, with differing hypotheses placing it sister to: 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFAEFFC697D416339633F873" authorityName="Randall &amp; Swerdloff" authorityYear="1973" box="[1199,1300,1561,1582]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="272" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acares">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFAEFFC697D416339633F873" box="[1199,1300,1561,1582]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="272">C. acares</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFAEFFC6965B163D9615F873" bold="true" box="[1312,1330,1559,1582]" pageId="14" pageNumber="272">þ</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFAEFFC6964516339701F810" authority="(Litsios et al., 2012 a)" baseAuthorityName="Litsios" baseAuthorityYear="2012" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Pycnochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="272" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vanderbilti">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFAEFFC69645163396F5F873" box="[1342,1490,1560,1582]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="272">C. vanderbilti</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFAEFFC69040161C9739F810" author="Litsios, G. &amp; C. A. Sims &amp; R. O. Wuest &amp; P. B. Pearman &amp; N. E. Zimmermann &amp; N. Salamin" box="[827,1054,1590,1613]" pageId="14" pageNumber="272" pagination="212" refId="ref72166" refString="Litsios, G., C. A. Sims, R. O. Wuest, P. B. Pearman, N. E. Zimmermann, and N. Salamin. 2012 a. Mutualism with sea anemones triggered the adaptive radiation of clownfishes. BMC Evolutionary Biology 12: 212." type="journal article" year="2012">Litsios et al., 2012a</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFAEFFC6974F161C968BF810" authority="(Gaboriau et al., 2018)" baseAuthorityName="Gaboriau" baseAuthorityYear="2018" box="[1076,1452,1590,1613]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chrysiptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="272" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cyanea">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFAEFFC6974F161C97BBF811" box="[1076,1180,1590,1612]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="272">C. cyanea</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFAEFFC697D4161C9683F810" author="Gaboriau, T. &amp; F. Leprieur &amp; D. Mouillot &amp; N. Hubert" box="[1199,1444,1590,1613]" pageId="14" pageNumber="272" pagination="1295 - 1306" refId="ref67249" refString="Gaboriau, T., F. Leprieur, D. Mouillot, and N. Hubert. 2018. Influence of the geography of speciation on current patterns of coral reef fish biodiversity across the Indo-Pacific. Ecography 41: 1295 - 1306." type="journal article" year="2018">Gaboriau et al., 2018</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFAEFFC696C1161C978BF837" authority="(Frederich et al., 2013)" baseAuthorityName="Frederich" baseAuthorityYear="2013" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="272" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="notata">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFAEFFC696C1161C905EF834" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="272">C. notata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFAEFFC690E916799783F837" author="Frederich, B. &amp; L. Sorenson &amp; F. Santini &amp; G. J. Slater &amp; M. E. Alfaro" box="[914,1188,1619,1642]" pageId="14" pageNumber="272" pagination="94 - 113" refId="ref66743" refString="Frederich, B., L. Sorenson, F. Santini, G. J. Slater, and M. E. Alfaro. 2013. Iterative ecological radiation and convergence during the evolutionary history of damselfishes (Pomacentridae). The American Naturalist 181: 94 - 113." type="journal article" year="2013">Frédérich et al., 2013</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFAEFFC697B91679963AF834" box="[1218,1309,1619,1641]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="272" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFAEFFC697B91679963AF834" box="[1218,1309,1619,1641]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="272">Chromis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFAEFFC6964C167996ECF834" box="[1335,1483,1619,1641]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="274" phylum="Chordata" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Hoplochromis">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFAEFFC6964C167996ECF834" box="[1335,1483,1619,1641]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="272">Hoplochromis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; DiBattista et al., 2016); 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFAEFFC6973E165B960CF8DB" box="[1093,1323,1649,1670]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Azurina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="272" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="sensu" subSpecies="novum">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFAEFFC6973E165B960CF8DB" box="[1093,1323,1649,1670]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="272">Azurina sensu novum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFAEFFC6964F165A9661F8DA" bold="true" box="[1332,1350,1648,1671]" pageId="14" pageNumber="272">þ</emphasis>
(
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFAEFFC6962C165A969DF8DB" authorityName="Cuvier" authorityYear="1829" box="[1367,1466,1648,1670]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Dascyllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="272" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFAEFFC6962C165A969DF8DB" box="[1367,1466,1648,1670]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="272">Dascyllus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFAEFFC696B9165A96F3F8DA" bold="true" box="[1474,1492,1648,1671]" pageId="14" pageNumber="272">þ</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFAEFFC6904F16A490E6F8F9" authorityName="Fowler" authorityYear="1941" box="[820,961,1678,1700]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Pycnochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="272" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFAEFFC6904F16A490E6F8F9" box="[820,961,1678,1700]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="272">Pycnochromis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; Delrieu-Trottin et al., 2019). 
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFAEFFC6965616A4905FF89C" author="Rabosky, D. L. &amp; J. Chang &amp; P. O. Title &amp; P. F. Cowman &amp; L. Sallan &amp; M. Friedman &amp; K. Kaschner &amp; C. Garilao &amp; T. J. Near &amp; M. Coll &amp; M. E. Alfaro" pageId="14" pageNumber="272" pagination="392 - 395" refId="ref76299" refString="Rabosky, D. L., J. Chang, P. O. Title, P. F. Cowman, L. Sallan, M. Friedman, K. Kaschner, C. Garilao, T. J. Near, M. Coll, and M. E. Alfaro. 2018. An inverse latitudinal gradient in speciation rate for marine fishes. Nature 559: 392 - 395." type="journal article" year="2018">Rabosky et al. (2018</bibRefCitation>
: Dryad file ‘‘dropped_rogues.csv’’) identified this species as a rogue taxon (
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFAEFFC6971216E3960EF882" author="Wilkinson, M." box="[1129,1321,1737,1759]" pageId="14" pageNumber="272" pagination="437 - 444" refId="ref82685" refString="Wilkinson, M. 1996. Majority-rule reduced consensus trees and their use in bootstrapping. Molecular Biology and Evolution 13: 437 - 444." type="journal article" year="1996">Wilkinson, 1996</bibRefCitation>
; Aberer et al., 2013) and pruned it from their analyses. All studies that have examined it, including this one, are based on the same COI sequences from 
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFAEFFC6909C170B9785F965" author="Pyle, R. L. &amp; J. L. Earle &amp; B. D. Greene" box="[999,1186,1825,1848]" pageId="14" pageNumber="272" pagination="3 - 31" refId="ref76100" refString="Pyle, R. L., J. L. Earle, and B. D. Greene. 2008. Five new species of the damselfish genus Chromis (Perciformes: Labroidei: Pomacentridae) from deep coral reefs in the tropical western Pacific. Zootaxa 1671: 3 - 31." type="journal article" year="2008">Pyle et al. (2008)</bibRefCitation>
; additional data are needed to improve its resolution. The placement of 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFAEFFC6964417149689F909" box="[1343,1454,1854,1876]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="272" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFAEFFC6964417149689F909" box="[1343,1454,1854,1876]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="272">brevirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFAEFFC6904F177690A1F92C" authorityName="Jordan &amp; McGregor" authorityYear="1898" box="[820,902,1884,1905]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Azurina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="272" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFAEFFC6904F177690A1F92C" box="[820,902,1884,1905]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="272">Azurina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is provisional.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="60E66EEEFFAEFFC79037175392FAF80C" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="273" pageId="14" pageNumber="272" type="description">
<paragraph id="28433D65FFAEFFC79037175391DCFCE2" blockId="14.[820,1492,179,2024]" lastBlockId="15.[142,812,178,1617]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="273" pageId="14" pageNumber="272">
Of the species not examined herein, 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFAEFFC697981753969EF9D2" authorityName="Evermann &amp; Radcliffe" authorityYear="1917" box="[1251,1465,1913,1935]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="272" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="intercrusma">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFAEFFC697981753969EF9D2" box="[1251,1465,1913,1935]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="272">Chromis intercrusma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is likely a member of 
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFAEFFC6976A17BD97F2F9F0" box="[1041,1237,1943,1965]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="272">
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFAEFFC6976A17BD9782F9F0" box="[1041,1189,1943,1965]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Azurina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="272" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sensu">
Azurina 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="01BB5C0CFFAEFFC6971617B29782F9F0" box="[1133,1189,1944,1965]" pageId="14" pageNumber="272" sensu="lato">sensu</taxonomicNameLabel>
</taxonomicName>
lato
</emphasis>
considering it has XII dorsal-fin spines and an eastern Pacific distribution, a combination of traits it shares only with 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFAEFFC6966C17F896BAF9BA" authorityName="Gill" authorityYear="1862" box="[1303,1437,2001,2023]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="272" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atrilobata">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFAEFFC6966C17F896BAF9BA" box="[1303,1437,2001,2023]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="272">A. atrilobata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFAFFFC793F5109993DAFE95" authorityName="Jordan &amp; McGregor" authorityYear="1898" box="[142,253,178,200]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Azurina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="273" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hirundo">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFAFFFC793F5109993DAFE95" box="[142,253,178,200]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="273">A. hirundo</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
among chromines. If we expand the criteria to all New World chromines with XII dorsal-fin spines, that would include 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFAFFFC7939010C49274FF5E" box="[235,339,238,259]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chrysiptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="273" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cyanea">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFAFFFC7939010C49274FF5E" box="[235,339,238,259]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="273">A. cyanea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFAFFFC792EF10C49113FF5E" baseAuthorityName="Holland" baseAuthorityYear="1920" box="[404,564,237,259]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Azurina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="273" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="multilineata">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFAFFFC792EF10C49113FF5E" box="[404,564,237,259]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="273">A. multilineata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, both of which have been reclassified herein as members of 
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFAFFFC7912011269002FF7C" box="[603,805,267,289]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="273">
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFAFFFC79120112691D6FF7C" box="[603,753,268,289]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Azurina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="273" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sensu">
Azurina 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="01BB5C0CFFAFFFC791C2112691D6FF7C" box="[697,753,268,289]" pageId="15" pageNumber="273" sensu="lato">sensu</taxonomicNameLabel>
</taxonomicName>
lato
</emphasis>
. Moreover, its combination of a New World distribution and two exposed spiniform procurrent caudal-fin rays on each caudal lobe is shared with only 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFAFFFC79294114E9174FF27" box="[495,595,356,378]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chrysiptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="273" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cyanea">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFAFFFC79294114E9174FF27" box="[495,595,356,378]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="273">A. cyanea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(variably 2–3 rays), 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFAFFFC793F511A8920AFFCA" baseAuthorityName="Holland" baseAuthorityYear="1920" box="[142,301,385,407]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Azurina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="273" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="multilineata">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFAFFFC793F511A8920AFFCA" box="[142,301,385,407]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="273">A. multilineata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFAFFFC7920A11A892DDFFCA" authorityName="Greenfield &amp; Woods" authorityYear="1980" box="[369,506,385,407]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="273" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="meridiana">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFAFFFC7920A11A892DDFFCA" box="[369,506,385,407]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="273">C. meridiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
among chromines (
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFAFFFC7919B11AB92BFFFE9" author="Greenfield, D. W. &amp; L. P. Woods" pageId="15" pageNumber="273" pagination="626 - 641" refId="ref68102" refString="Greenfield, D. W., and L. P. Woods. 1980. Review of the deep-bodied species of Chromis (Pisces: Pomacentridae) from the eastern Pacific, with descriptions of three new species. Copeia 1980: 626 - 641." type="journal article" year="1980">Greenfield and Woods, 1980</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFAFFFC792D211B59007FFE8" author="McEachran, J. D. &amp; J. D. Fechhelm" box="[425,800,414,437]" pageId="15" pageNumber="273" refId="ref73306" refString="McEachran, J. D., and J. D. Fechhelm. 2005. Fishes of the Gulf of Mexico, Volume 2: Scorpaeniformes to Tetraodontiformes. University of Texas Press, Austin, Texas." type="book" year="2005">McEachran and Fechhelm, 2005</bibRefCitation>
). Except for 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFAFFFC79271119792B4FF8F" authorityName="Greenfield &amp; Woods" authorityYear="1980" box="[266,403,444,466]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="273" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="meridiana">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFAFFFC79271119792B4FF8F" box="[266,403,444,466]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="273">C. meridiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which we were unable to examine (see below), the only chromine species with this combination of features were all recovered in 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFAFFFC7913A11D291B4FC50" authorityName="Jordan &amp; McGregor" authorityYear="1898" box="[577,659,504,525]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Azurina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="273" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFAFFFC7913A11D291B4FC50" box="[577,659,504,525]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="273">Azurina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. A neighbor-joining (NJ) tree (
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFAFFFC79228123F9118FC76" author="Saitou, N. &amp; M. Nei" box="[339,575,532,555]" pageId="15" pageNumber="273" pagination="406 - 425" refId="ref78594" refString="Saitou, N., and M. Nei. 1987. The neighbor-joining method: a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees. Molecular Biology and Evolution 4: 406 - 425." type="journal article" year="1987">Saitou and Nei, 1987</bibRefCitation>
) generated by a tree-based search using the Identification System in BOLD v.4 (
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFAFFFC793EE127A92DBFC3B" author="Ratnasingham, S. &amp; P. D. N. Hebert" box="[149,508,591,614]" pageId="15" pageNumber="273" refId="ref77575" refString="Ratnasingham, S., and P. D. N. Hebert. 2007. BOLD: the Barcode of Life Data System (http: // www. barcodinglife. org). Molecular Ecology Notes 7: 355 - 364." type="url" year="2007">Ratnasingham and Hebert, 2007</bibRefCitation>
) appears to confirm this by placing unreleased sequences of 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFAFFFC79165124491E7FCDE" authorityName="Evermann &amp; Radcliffe" authorityYear="1917" box="[542,704,622,643]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="273" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="intercrusma">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFAFFFC79165124491E7FCDE" box="[542,704,622,643]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="273">C. intercrusma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFAFFFC7906E124493D5FCFD" authorityName="Gill" authorityYear="1862" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="273" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atrilobata">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFAFFFC7906E124493D5FCFD" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="273">A. atrilobata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFAFFFC7927F12A19250FCFD" authorityName="Jordan &amp; McGregor" authorityYear="1898" box="[260,375,650,672]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Azurina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="273" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hirundo">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFAFFFC7927F12A19250FCFD" box="[260,375,650,672]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="273">A. hirundo</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFAFFFC792C512A19178FCFD" baseAuthorityName="Holland" baseAuthorityYear="1920" box="[446,607,650,672]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Azurina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="273" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="multilineata">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFAFFFC792C512A19178FCFD" box="[446,607,650,672]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="273">A. multilineata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(not shown). We hereby assign 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFAFFFC7925712839283FCE3" authorityName="Evermann &amp; Radcliffe" authorityYear="1917" box="[300,420,681,702]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="273" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="intercrusma">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFAFFFC7925712839283FCE3" box="[300,420,681,702]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="273">intercrusma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to 
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFAFFFC792B0128291AAFCE3" box="[459,653,680,702]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="273">
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFAFFFC792B012829179FCE3" box="[459,606,680,702]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Azurina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="273" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sensu">
Azurina 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="01BB5C0CFFAFFFC7915D12839179FCE3" box="[550,606,681,702]" pageId="15" pageNumber="273" sensu="lato">sensu</taxonomicNameLabel>
</taxonomicName>
lato
</emphasis>
(
<tableCitation id="657E08DEFFAFFFC791E7128291C8FCE2" box="[668,751,680,703]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="16.[103,151,178,198]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Table 2. Provisional classification of species previously assigned to Chromis sensu lato and not examined herein." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/7C836DEDFFB0FFD8931C10989785FE9B" pageId="15" pageNumber="273" tableUuid="7C836DEDFFB0FFD8931C10989785FE9B">Table 2</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="28433D65FFAFFFC793DD12EF92FAF80C" blockId="15.[142,812,178,1617]" pageId="15" pageNumber="273">
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFAFFFC793DD12EF924CFC86" authorityName="Greenfield &amp; Woods" authorityYear="1980" box="[166,363,709,731]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="273" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="meridiana">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFAFFFC793DD12EF924CFC86" box="[166,363,709,731]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="273">Chromis meridiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is likely a member of 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFAFFFC7912212EC918CFC86" authorityName="Jordan &amp; McGregor" authorityYear="1898" box="[601,683,710,731]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Azurina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="273" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFAFFFC7912212EC918CFC86" box="[601,683,710,731]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="273">Azurina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFAFFFC791C312EC9241FCA7" author="Greenfield, D. W. &amp; L. P. Woods" pageId="15" pageNumber="273" pagination="626 - 641" refId="ref68102" refString="Greenfield, D. W., and L. P. Woods. 1980. Review of the deep-bodied species of Chromis (Pisces: Pomacentridae) from the eastern Pacific, with descriptions of three new species. Copeia 1980: 626 - 641." type="journal article" year="1980">Greenfield and Woods (1980)</bibRefCitation>
originally suggested that 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFAFFFC791E512CE900CFCA4" authorityName="Greenfield &amp; Woods" authorityYear="1980" box="[670,811,739,761]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="273" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="meridiana">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFAFFFC791E512CE900CFCA4" box="[670,811,739,761]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="273">C. meridiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
might have closer affinities to Indo-Pacific species based on the number of exposed spiniform procurrent rays on the upper and lower caudal peduncle (2 vs. 
<quantity id="EF049080FFAFFFC79110131691BBFD0F" box="[619,668,828,850]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" pageId="15" pageNumber="273" unit="in" value="3.0">3 in</quantity>
other deep-bodied 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFAFFFC793981373921DFD32" box="[227,314,857,879]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="273" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFAFFFC793981373921DFD32" box="[227,314,857,879]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="273">Chromis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the eastern Pacific except 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFAFFFC791D013709388FDD1" authorityName="Evermann &amp; Radcliffe" authorityYear="1917" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="273" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="intercrusma">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFAFFFC791D013709388FDD1" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="273">C. intercrusma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). They proposed 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFAFFFC79206135D92D6FDD1" authorityName="Greenfield &amp; Hensley" authorityYear="1970" box="[381,497,886,908]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="273" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="randalli">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFAFFFC79206135D92D6FDD1" box="[381,497,886,908]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="273">C. randalli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a possible close relative because it also has a high dorsal-fin spine count (XV in 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFAFFFC7906F13BF93F8FD9A" authorityName="Greenfield &amp; Hensley" authorityYear="1970" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="273" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="randalli">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFAFFFC7906F13BF93F8FD9A" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="273">C. randalli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; XIV, occasionally XIII, in 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFAFFFC79179139891AFFD9A" authorityName="Greenfield &amp; Woods" authorityYear="1980" box="[514,648,945,967]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="273" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="meridiana">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFAFFFC79179139891AFFD9A" box="[514,648,945,967]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="273">C. meridiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). 
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFAFFFC791E513989218FDBB" author="Lecchini, D. &amp; J. T. Williams" pageId="15" pageNumber="273" pagination="97 - 102" refId="ref71315" refString="Lecchini, D., and J. T. Williams. 2004. Description of a new species of damselfish (Pomacentridae: Chromis) from Rapa Island, French Polynesia. Aqua, Journal of Ichthyology and Aquatic Biology 8: 97 - 102." type="journal article" year="2004">Lecchini and Williams (2004)</bibRefCitation>
compared it to 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFAFFFC7928C13E59178FDB8" authorityName="Lecchini &amp; Williams" authorityYear="2004" box="[503,607,975,997]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="273" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="planesi">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFAFFFC7928C13E59178FDB8" box="[503,607,975,997]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="273">C. planesi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFAFFFC791E013E5900BFDB8" authorityName="Randall &amp; Swerdloff" authorityYear="1973" box="[667,812,975,997]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="273" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="struhsakeri">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFAFFFC791E013E5900BFDB8" box="[667,812,975,997]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="273">C. struhsakeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on similarities in coloration. 
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFAFFFC7915113C7900CFA5E" author="Shepherd, B. &amp; H. T. Pinheiro &amp; T. A. Y. Phelps &amp; E. E. Easton &amp; A. Perez-Matus &amp; L. A. Rocha" box="[554,811,1004,1027]" pageId="15" pageNumber="273" pagination="326 - 332" refId="ref79248" refString="Shepherd, B., H. T. Pinheiro, T. A. Y. Phelps, E. E. Easton, A. Perez-Matus, and L. A. Rocha. 2020. A new species of Chromis (Teleostei: Pomacentridae) from mesophotic coral ecosystems of Rapa Nui (Easter Island) and Salas y Gomez, Chile. Copeia 108: 326 - 332." type="journal article" year="2020">Shepherd et al. (2020)</bibRefCitation>
stated that it shares a white spot at the junction of the dorsal-fin base and the caudal peduncle with 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFAFFFC7912114029026FA60" box="[602,769,1064,1085]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="273" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mamatapara">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFAFFFC7912114029026FA60" box="[602,769,1064,1085]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="273">C. mamatapara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFAFFFC7906F140293F7FA06" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="273" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="notata">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFAFFFC7906F140293F7FA06" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="273">C. notata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFAFFFC7926B146F9250FA06" authorityName="Lecchini &amp; Williams" authorityYear="2004" box="[272,375,1093,1115]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="273" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="planesi">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFAFFFC7926B146F9250FA06" box="[272,375,1093,1115]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="273">C. planesi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; they noted that it also shares an array of meristic characters, including XIV dorsal-fin spines, with 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFAFFFC793F514AA9217FACB" box="[142,304,1152,1174]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="273" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mamatapara">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFAFFFC793F514AA9217FACB" box="[142,304,1152,1174]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="273">C. mamatapara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFAFFFC7924514AA92E2FACB" box="[318,453,1152,1174]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="273" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mirationis">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFAFFFC7924514AA92E2FACB" box="[318,453,1152,1174]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="273">C. mirationis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFAFFFC7917F14AA9143FACB" baseAuthorityName="Senou and Kudo" baseAuthorityYear="2007" box="[516,612,1152,1174]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="273" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="verater">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFAFFFC7917F14AA9143FACB" box="[516,612,1152,1174]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="273">C. verater</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Aguilar-Medrano (2013: fig. 6) found it sister to 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFAFFFC7929314B4914BFAEE" authorityName="Gill" authorityYear="1862" box="[488,620,1181,1203]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="273" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atrilobata">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFAFFFC7929314B4914BFAEE" box="[488,620,1181,1203]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="273">A. atrilobata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
whereas Aguilar-Medrano et al. (2013: fig. 9) found it sister to 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFAFFFC791EC14919026FA8C" baseAuthorityName="Valenciennes" baseAuthorityYear="1833" box="[663,769,1211,1233]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="273" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crusma">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFAFFFC791EC14919026FA8C" box="[663,769,1211,1233]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="273">C. crusma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Its eastern Pacific distribution is consistent with either 
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFAFFFC791A214F393D3FB51" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="273">
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFAFFFC791A214F393E1FB51" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Azurina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="273" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sensu">
Azurina 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="01BB5C0CFFAFFFC793F514DD93E1FB51" box="[142,198,1271,1292]" pageId="15" pageNumber="273" sensu="lato">sensu</taxonomicNameLabel>
</taxonomicName>
lato
</emphasis>
or the 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFAFFFC7923F14DC9292FB51" baseAuthorityName="Cuvier" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[324,437,1270,1292]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="273" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="insolata">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFAFFFC7923F14DC9292FB51" box="[324,437,1270,1292]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="273">C. insolata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
clade of 
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFAFFFC7916214DC91D3FB51" box="[537,756,1270,1292]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="273">
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFAFFFC7916214DC9188FB51" box="[537,687,1270,1292]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="273" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sensu">
Chromis 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="01BB5C0CFFAFFFC7910C14DD9188FB51" box="[631,687,1271,1292]" pageId="15" pageNumber="273" sensu="stricto">sensu</taxonomicNameLabel>
</taxonomicName>
stricto
</emphasis>
. The number of dorsal spines (XIII or XIV) observed in 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFAFFFC7906F153E93D1FB1A" authorityName="Greenfield &amp; Woods" authorityYear="1980" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="273" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="meridiana">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFAFFFC7906F153E93D1FB1A" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="273">C. meridiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is seen in species from both of those groups. However, among chromines, only three other species have a New World distribution and two spiniform rays: 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFAFFFC791DF15469020FBDF" box="[676,775,1388,1410]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chrysiptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="273" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cyanea">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFAFFFC791DF15469020FBDF" box="[676,775,1388,1410]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="273">A. cyanea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFAFFFC7906E15469221FBC2" authorityName="Evermann &amp; Radcliffe" authorityYear="1917" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="273" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="intercrusma">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFAFFFC7906E15469221FBC2" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="273">A. intercrusma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFAFFFC7923815A092F9FBC2" baseAuthorityName="Holland" baseAuthorityYear="1920" box="[323,478,1417,1439]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Azurina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="273" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="multilineata">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFAFFFC7923815A092F9FBC2" box="[323,478,1417,1439]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="273">A. multilineata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFAFFFC7929015A39000FBC2" author="Greenfield, D. W. &amp; L. P. Woods" box="[491,807,1417,1439]" pageId="15" pageNumber="273" pagination="626 - 641" refId="ref68102" refString="Greenfield, D. W., and L. P. Woods. 1980. Review of the deep-bodied species of Chromis (Pisces: Pomacentridae) from the eastern Pacific, with descriptions of three new species. Copeia 1980: 626 - 641." type="journal article" year="1980">Greenfield and Woods, 1980</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFAFFFC793F5158D912EFBE3" author="McEachran, J. D. &amp; J. D. Fechhelm" box="[142,521,1447,1470]" pageId="15" pageNumber="273" refId="ref73306" refString="McEachran, J. D., and J. D. Fechhelm. 2005. Fishes of the Gulf of Mexico, Volume 2: Scorpaeniformes to Tetraodontiformes. University of Texas Press, Austin, Texas." type="book" year="2005">McEachran and Fechhelm, 2005</bibRefCitation>
). Both 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFAFFFC7911E158D91E8FBE0" box="[613,719,1447,1469]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chrysiptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="273" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cyanea">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFAFFFC7911E158D91E8FBE0" box="[613,719,1447,1469]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="273">A. cyanea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFAFFFC7906E158D922BFB87" baseAuthorityName="Holland" baseAuthorityYear="1920" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Azurina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="273" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="multilineata">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFAFFFC7906E158D922BFB87" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="273">A. multilineata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are part of 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFAFFFC792EA15EF92C4FB87" authorityName="Jordan &amp; McGregor" authorityYear="1898" box="[401,483,1477,1498]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Azurina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="273" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFAFFFC792EA15EF92C4FB87" box="[401,483,1477,1498]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="273">Azurina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. We were unable to examine 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFAFFFC793F515C8920CFBA5" authorityName="Evermann &amp; Radcliffe" authorityYear="1917" box="[142,299,1506,1528]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="273" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="intercrusma">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFAFFFC793F515C8920CFBA5" box="[142,299,1506,1528]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="273">A. intercrusma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but provisionally classified that species in 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFAFFFC793F5162A93C7F848" authorityName="Jordan &amp; McGregor" authorityYear="1898" box="[142,224,1536,1557]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Azurina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="273" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFAFFFC793F5162A93C7F848" box="[142,224,1536,1557]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="273">Azurina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
partially on the basis of the same combination of traits (see above). Therefore, we tentatively assign 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFAFFFC791B81636900CF86F" authorityName="Greenfield &amp; Woods" authorityYear="1980" box="[707,811,1564,1586]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="273" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="meridiana">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFAFFFC791B81636900CF86F" box="[707,811,1564,1586]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="273">meridiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to 
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFAFFFC793D616119249F80D" box="[173,366,1594,1616]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="273">
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFAFFFC793D616119218F80D" box="[173,319,1595,1616]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Azurina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="273" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sensu">
Azurina 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="01BB5C0CFFAFFFC7927C16119218F80D" box="[263,319,1595,1616]" pageId="15" pageNumber="273" sensu="lato">sensu</taxonomicNameLabel>
</taxonomicName>
lato
</emphasis>
(
<tableCitation id="657E08DEFFAFFFC79206161092F7F80C" box="[381,464,1594,1617]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="16.[103,151,178,198]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Table 2. Provisional classification of species previously assigned to Chromis sensu lato and not examined herein." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/7C836DEDFFB0FFD8931C10989785FE9B" pageId="15" pageNumber="273" tableUuid="7C836DEDFFB0FFD8931C10989785FE9B">Table 2</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>