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<mods:title id="005FDDE186E5B0D06409336894FA14BB">Systematics of Damselfishes</mods:title>
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Subfamily 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFACFFC490CD1460971CFA3C" authority="Bonaparte, 1831" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1831" box="[950,1083,1098,1121]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="270" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Chrominae">Chrominae</taxonomicName>
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<paragraph id="28433D65FFACFFC590371452923EFFCA" blockId="12.[820,1490,1144,2024]" lastBlockId="13.[142,812,179,2024]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="271" pageId="12" pageNumber="270">
The subfamily 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFACFFC4908F14529756FAD3" baseAuthorityName="sensu Allen" baseAuthorityYear="1975" box="[1012,1137,1144,1166]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="270" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Chrominae">Chrominae</taxonomicName>
is recovered as the sister group of the subfamily 
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, a phylogenetic position that corroborates some earlier studies (
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFACFFC497CC1499961FFA95" author="Tang, K. L." box="[1207,1336,1203,1224]" pageId="12" pageNumber="270" pagination="591 - 601" refId="ref80814" refString="Tang, K. L. 2001. Phylogenetic relationships among damselfishes (Teleostei: Pomacentridae) as determined by mitochondrial DNA data. Copeia 2001: 591 - 601." type="journal article" year="2001">Tang, 2001</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFACFFC4963C149990B3FABB" author="Jang-Liaw, N. - H. &amp; K. L. Tang &amp; C. - F. Hui &amp; K. - T. Shao" pageId="12" pageNumber="270" pagination="445 - 454" refId="ref70023" refString="Jang-Liaw, N. - H., K. L. Tang, C. - F. Hui, and K. - T. Shao. 2002. Molecular phylogeny of 48 species of damselfishes (Perciformes: Pomacentridae) using 12 S mtDNA sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 25: 445 - 454." type="journal article" year="2002">Jang-Liaw et al., 2002</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFACFFC490E414FB97BCFABB" author="Quenouille, B. &amp; E. Bermingham &amp; S. Planes" box="[927,1179,1233,1255]" pageId="12" pageNumber="270" pagination="66 - 88" refId="ref76154" refString="Quenouille, B., E. Bermingham, and S. Planes. 2004. Molecular systematics of the damselfishes (Teleostei: Pomacentridae): Bayesian phylogenetic analyses of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 31: 66 - 88." type="journal article" year="2004">Quenouille et al., 2004</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFACFFC497DD14FB967BFABB" author="Tang, K. L. &amp; K. M. McNyset &amp; N. I. Holcroft" box="[1190,1372,1233,1255]" pageId="12" pageNumber="270" pagination="823 - 828" refId="ref80984" refString="Tang, K. L., K. M. McNyset, and N. I. Holcroft. 2004. The phylogenetic position of five genera (Acanthochromis, Azurina, Chrysiptera, Dischistodus, and Neopomacentrus) of damselfishes (Perciformes: Pomacentridae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 30: 823 - 828." type="journal article" year="2004">Tang et al., 2004</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFACFFC4961C14FB9090FB5E" author="Hofmann, C. M. &amp; N. J. Marshall &amp; K. Abdilleh &amp; Z. Patel &amp; U. E. Siebeck &amp; K. L. Carleton" pageId="12" pageNumber="270" pagination="79 - 91" refId="ref69319" refString="Hofmann, C. M., N. J. Marshall, K. Abdilleh, Z. Patel, U. E. Siebeck, and K. L. Carleton. 2012. Opsin evolution in damselfish: convergence, reversal, and parallel evolution across tuning sites. Journal of Molecular Evolution 75: 79 - 91." type="journal article" year="2012">Hofmann et al., 2012</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFACFFC490BD14C49780FB59" author="Litsios, G. &amp; L. Pellissier &amp; F. Forest &amp; C. Lexer &amp; P. B. Pearman &amp; N. E. Zimmermann &amp; N. Salamin" box="[966,1191,1262,1284]" pageId="12" pageNumber="270" pagination="3662 - 3669" refId="ref72070" refString="Litsios, G., L. Pellissier, F. Forest, C. Lexer, P. B. Pearman, N. E. Zimmermann, and N. Salamin. 2012 b. Trophic specialization influences the rate of environmental niche evolution in damselfishes (Pomacentridae). Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 279: 3662 - 3669." type="journal article" year="2012">Litsios et al., 2012b</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFACFFC497CE14C496BBFB58" author="Rabosky, D. L. &amp; J. Chang &amp; P. O. Title &amp; P. F. Cowman &amp; L. Sallan &amp; M. Friedman &amp; K. Kaschner &amp; C. Garilao &amp; T. J. Near &amp; M. Coll &amp; M. E. Alfaro" box="[1205,1436,1262,1285]" pageId="12" pageNumber="270" pagination="392 - 395" refId="ref76299" refString="Rabosky, D. L., J. Chang, P. O. Title, P. F. Cowman, L. Sallan, M. Friedman, K. Kaschner, C. Garilao, T. J. Near, M. Coll, and M. E. Alfaro. 2018. An inverse latitudinal gradient in speciation rate for marine fishes. Nature 559: 392 - 395." type="journal article" year="2018">Rabosky et al., 2018</bibRefCitation>
) but contradicts others (Cooper et al., 2009; Cowman and Bellwood, 2011; 
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFACFFC4908C150397F0FB62" author="Hubert, N. &amp; E. Paradis &amp; H. Bruggemann &amp; S. Planes" box="[1015,1239,1321,1343]" pageId="12" pageNumber="270" pagination="229 - 277" refId="ref69585" refString="Hubert, N., E. Paradis, H. Bruggemann, and S. Planes. 2011. Community assembly and diversification in Indo-Pacific coral reef fishes: evolution of coral reef fish communities. Ecology and Evolution 1: 229 - 277." type="journal article" year="2011">Hubert et al., 2011</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFACFFC49793150396E9FB62" author="Litsios, G. &amp; C. A. Sims &amp; R. O. Wuest &amp; P. B. Pearman &amp; N. E. Zimmermann &amp; N. Salamin" box="[1256,1486,1321,1343]" pageId="12" pageNumber="270" pagination="212" refId="ref72166" refString="Litsios, G., C. A. Sims, R. O. Wuest, P. B. Pearman, N. E. Zimmermann, and N. Salamin. 2012 a. Mutualism with sea anemones triggered the adaptive radiation of clownfishes. BMC Evolutionary Biology 12: 212." type="journal article" year="2012">Litsios et al., 2012a</bibRefCitation>
; Betancur-R. et al., 2013a, 2015, 2017; 
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFACFFC4979B156D96EAFB01" author="Frederich, B. &amp; L. Sorenson &amp; F. Santini &amp; G. J. Slater &amp; M. E. Alfaro" box="[1248,1485,1351,1373]" pageId="12" pageNumber="270" pagination="94 - 113" refId="ref66743" refString="Frederich, B., L. Sorenson, F. Santini, G. J. Slater, and M. E. Alfaro. 2013. Iterative ecological radiation and convergence during the evolutionary history of damselfishes (Pomacentridae). The American Naturalist 181: 94 - 113." type="journal article" year="2013">Frédérich et al., 2013</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFACFFC4904F154F9729FB27" author="Lobato, F. L. &amp; D. R. Barneche &amp; A. C. Siqueira &amp; A. M. R. Liedke &amp; A. Lindner &amp; M. R. Pie &amp; D. R. Bellwood &amp; S. R. Floeter" box="[820,1038,1381,1403]" pageId="12" pageNumber="270" pagination="102094" refId="ref72399" refString="Lobato, F. L., D. R. Barneche, A. C. Siqueira, A. M. R. Liedke, A. Lindner, M. R. Pie, D. R. Bellwood, and S. R. Floeter. 2014. Diet and diversification in the evolution of coral reef fishes. PLoS ONE 9: e 102094." type="journal article" year="2014">Lobato et al., 2014</bibRefCitation>
; DiBattista et al., 2016; 
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFACFFC4965D154F96EAFB26" author="Mirande, J. M." box="[1318,1485,1381,1403]" pageId="12" pageNumber="270" pagination="333 - 350" refId="ref73614" refString="Mirande, J. M. 2016. Combined phylogeny of ray-finned fishes (Actinopterygii) and the use of morphological characters in large-scale analyses. Cladistics 33: 333 - 350." type="journal article" year="2016">Mirande, 2016</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFACFFC4904F15A89715FBC5" author="Sanciangco, M. D. &amp; K. E. Carpenter &amp; R. Betancur-R." box="[820,1074,1410,1432]" pageId="12" pageNumber="270" pagination="565 - 576" refId="ref78759" refString="Sanciangco, M. D., K. E. Carpenter, and R. Betancur-R. 2016. Phylogenetic placement of enigmatic percomorph families (Teleostei: Percomorphaceae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 94: 565 - 576." type="journal article" year="2016">Sanciangco et al., 2016</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFACFFC4974715A89604FBCA" author="Gaboriau, T. &amp; F. Leprieur &amp; D. Mouillot &amp; N. Hubert" box="[1084,1315,1410,1432]" pageId="12" pageNumber="270" pagination="1295 - 1306" refId="ref67249" refString="Gaboriau, T., F. Leprieur, D. Mouillot, and N. Hubert. 2018. Influence of the geography of speciation on current patterns of coral reef fish biodiversity across the Indo-Pacific. Ecography 41: 1295 - 1306." type="journal article" year="2018">Gaboriau et al., 2018</bibRefCitation>
; Delrieu-Trottin et al., 2019). The generic composition of the group has been stable since Cooper et al. (2009) restricted 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFACFFC4964A15979689FB8E" baseAuthorityName="sensu Allen" baseAuthorityYear="1975" box="[1329,1454,1469,1491]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="300" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Chrominae">Chrominae</taxonomicName>
to include only 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFACFFC490B515F19702FBAC" box="[974,1061,1499,1521]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="270" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFACFFC490B515F19702FBAC" box="[974,1061,1499,1521]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="270">Chromis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFACFFC4974C15F197BDFBAC" authorityName="Cuvier" authorityYear="1829" box="[1079,1178,1499,1521]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Dascyllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="270" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFACFFC4974C15F197BDFBAC" box="[1079,1178,1499,1521]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="270">Dascyllus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFACFFC4979B15F19615FBAD" authorityName="Jordan &amp; McGregor" authorityYear="1898" box="[1248,1330,1499,1520]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Azurina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="270" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFACFFC4979B15F19615FBAD" box="[1248,1330,1499,1520]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="270">Azurina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, a taxonomic change supported by a host of other studies that have found the other putative chromine genera (
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFACFFC497AB163C9651F871" authorityName=", Allen" authorityYear="1999" box="[1232,1398,1558,1580]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Acanthochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="270" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFACFFC497AB163C9651F871" box="[1232,1398,1558,1580]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="270">Acanthochromis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFACFFC496FF163C9078F814" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Altrichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="270" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFACFFC496FF163C9078F814" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="270">Altrichthys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFACFFC490DF1619971DF814" authorityName="Whitley" authorityYear="1929" box="[932,1082,1587,1609]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Mecaenichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="270" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFACFFC490DF1619971DF814" box="[932,1082,1587,1609]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="270">Mecaenichthys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) elsewhere in the pomacentrid tree (e.g., 
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFACFFC4900F167890D3F83B" author="Tang, K. L." box="[884,1012,1617,1639]" pageId="12" pageNumber="270" pagination="591 - 601" refId="ref80814" refString="Tang, K. L. 2001. Phylogenetic relationships among damselfishes (Teleostei: Pomacentridae) as determined by mitochondrial DNA data. Copeia 2001: 591 - 601." type="journal article" year="2001">Tang, 2001</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFACFFC49778167B97DAF83B" author="Jang-Liaw, N. - H. &amp; K. L. Tang &amp; C. - F. Hui &amp; K. - T. Shao" box="[1027,1277,1617,1639]" pageId="12" pageNumber="270" pagination="445 - 454" refId="ref70023" refString="Jang-Liaw, N. - H., K. L. Tang, C. - F. Hui, and K. - T. Shao. 2002. Molecular phylogeny of 48 species of damselfishes (Perciformes: Pomacentridae) using 12 S mtDNA sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 25: 445 - 454." type="journal article" year="2002">Jang-Liaw et al., 2002</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFACFFC49677167B904AF8D9" author="Quenouille, B. &amp; E. Bermingham &amp; S. Planes" pageId="12" pageNumber="270" pagination="66 - 88" refId="ref76154" refString="Quenouille, B., E. Bermingham, and S. Planes. 2004. Molecular systematics of the damselfishes (Teleostei: Pomacentridae): Bayesian phylogenetic analyses of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 31: 66 - 88." type="journal article" year="2004">Quenouille et al., 2004</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFACFFC490F916459772F8D9" author="Tang, K. L. &amp; K. M. McNyset &amp; N. I. Holcroft" box="[898,1109,1647,1669]" pageId="12" pageNumber="270" pagination="823 - 828" refId="ref80984" refString="Tang, K. L., K. M. McNyset, and N. I. Holcroft. 2004. The phylogenetic position of five genera (Acanthochromis, Azurina, Chrysiptera, Dischistodus, and Neopomacentrus) of damselfishes (Perciformes: Pomacentridae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 30: 823 - 828." type="journal article" year="2004">Tang et al., 2004</bibRefCitation>
; Cowman and Bellwood, 2011; 
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFACFFC4904F16A69717F8FC" author="Hofmann, C. M. &amp; N. J. Marshall &amp; K. Abdilleh &amp; Z. Patel &amp; U. E. Siebeck &amp; K. L. Carleton" box="[820,1072,1676,1698]" pageId="12" pageNumber="270" pagination="79 - 91" refId="ref69319" refString="Hofmann, C. M., N. J. Marshall, K. Abdilleh, Z. Patel, U. E. Siebeck, and K. L. Carleton. 2012. Opsin evolution in damselfish: convergence, reversal, and parallel evolution across tuning sites. Journal of Molecular Evolution 75: 79 - 91." type="journal article" year="2012">Hofmann et al., 2012</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFACFFC4973A16A69603F8FC" author="Litsios, G. &amp; C. A. Sims &amp; R. O. Wuest &amp; P. B. Pearman &amp; N. E. Zimmermann &amp; N. Salamin" box="[1089,1316,1676,1698]" pageId="12" pageNumber="270" pagination="212" refId="ref72166" refString="Litsios, G., C. A. Sims, R. O. Wuest, P. B. Pearman, N. E. Zimmermann, and N. Salamin. 2012 a. Mutualism with sea anemones triggered the adaptive radiation of clownfishes. BMC Evolutionary Biology 12: 212." type="journal article" year="2012">Litsios et al., 2012a</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFACFFC4964F16A6965BF8FF" author="Litsios, G. &amp; L. Pellissier &amp; F. Forest &amp; C. Lexer &amp; P. B. Pearman &amp; N. E. Zimmermann &amp; N. Salamin" box="[1332,1404,1676,1698]" pageId="12" pageNumber="270" pagination="3662 - 3669" refId="ref72070" refString="Litsios, G., L. Pellissier, F. Forest, C. Lexer, P. B. Pearman, N. E. Zimmermann, and N. Salamin. 2012 b. Trophic specialization influences the rate of environmental niche evolution in damselfishes (Pomacentridae). Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 279: 3662 - 3669." type="journal article" year="2012">2012b</bibRefCitation>
; Betancur-R. et al., 2013a, 2015, 2017; 
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFACFFC497B0168096EAF8E2" author="Frederich, B. &amp; L. Sorenson &amp; F. Santini &amp; G. J. Slater &amp; M. E. Alfaro" box="[1227,1485,1706,1728]" pageId="12" pageNumber="270" pagination="94 - 113" refId="ref66743" refString="Frederich, B., L. Sorenson, F. Santini, G. J. Slater, and M. E. Alfaro. 2013. Iterative ecological radiation and convergence during the evolutionary history of damselfishes (Pomacentridae). The American Naturalist 181: 94 - 113." type="journal article" year="2013">Frédérich et al., 2013</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFACFFC4904F16E29731F880" author="Rabosky, D. L. &amp; F. Santini &amp; J. Eastman &amp; S. A. Smith &amp; B. Sidlauskas &amp; J. Chang &amp; M. E. Alfaro" box="[820,1046,1736,1758]" pageId="12" pageNumber="270" pagination="1958" refId="ref76375" refString="Rabosky, D. L., F. Santini, J. Eastman, S. A. Smith, B. Sidlauskas, J. Chang, and M. E. Alfaro. 2013. Rates of speciation and morphological evolution are correlated across the largest vertebrate radiation. Nature Communications 4: 1958." type="journal article" year="2013">Rabosky et al., 2013</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFACFFC4975816E2977BF880" author="Rabosky, D. L. &amp; J. Chang &amp; P. O. Title &amp; P. F. Cowman &amp; L. Sallan &amp; M. Friedman &amp; K. Kaschner &amp; C. Garilao &amp; T. J. Near &amp; M. Coll &amp; M. E. Alfaro" box="[1059,1116,1736,1757]" pageId="12" pageNumber="270" pagination="392 - 395" refId="ref76299" refString="Rabosky, D. L., J. Chang, P. O. Title, P. F. Cowman, L. Sallan, M. Friedman, K. Kaschner, C. Garilao, T. J. Near, M. Coll, and M. E. Alfaro. 2018. An inverse latitudinal gradient in speciation rate for marine fishes. Nature 559: 392 - 395." type="journal article" year="2018">2018</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFACFFC4971216E2961AF880" author="Lobato, F. L. &amp; D. R. Barneche &amp; A. C. Siqueira &amp; A. M. R. Liedke &amp; A. Lindner &amp; M. R. Pie &amp; D. R. Bellwood &amp; S. R. Floeter" box="[1129,1341,1736,1758]" pageId="12" pageNumber="270" pagination="102094" refId="ref72399" refString="Lobato, F. L., D. R. Barneche, A. C. Siqueira, A. M. R. Liedke, A. Lindner, M. R. Pie, D. R. Bellwood, and S. R. Floeter. 2014. Diet and diversification in the evolution of coral reef fishes. PLoS ONE 9: e 102094." type="journal article" year="2014">Lobato et al., 2014</bibRefCitation>
; DiBattista et al., 2016; 
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFACFFC490E416CF9766F8A6" author="Mirande, J. M." box="[927,1089,1765,1787]" pageId="12" pageNumber="270" pagination="333 - 350" refId="ref73614" refString="Mirande, J. M. 2016. Combined phylogeny of ray-finned fishes (Actinopterygii) and the use of morphological characters in large-scale analyses. Cladistics 33: 333 - 350." type="journal article" year="2016">Mirande, 2016</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFACFFC4973016CF966FF8A6" author="Sanciangco, M. D. &amp; K. E. Carpenter &amp; R. Betancur-R." box="[1099,1352,1765,1787]" pageId="12" pageNumber="270" pagination="565 - 576" refId="ref78759" refString="Sanciangco, M. D., K. E. Carpenter, and R. Betancur-R. 2016. Phylogenetic placement of enigmatic percomorph families (Teleostei: Percomorphaceae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 94: 565 - 576." type="journal article" year="2016">Sanciangco et al., 2016</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFACFFC4962916CF90BAF945" author="Gaboriau, T. &amp; F. Leprieur &amp; D. Mouillot &amp; N. Hubert" pageId="12" pageNumber="270" pagination="1295 - 1306" refId="ref67249" refString="Gaboriau, T., F. Leprieur, D. Mouillot, and N. Hubert. 2018. Influence of the geography of speciation on current patterns of coral reef fish biodiversity across the Indo-Pacific. Ecography 41: 1295 - 1306." type="journal article" year="2018">Gaboriau et al., 2018</bibRefCitation>
; Delrieu-Trottin et al., 2019). The subfamily is dominated by a single genus, 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFACFFC497FC170A97F9F96B" box="[1159,1246,1824,1846]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="270" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFACFFC497FC170A97F9F96B" box="[1159,1246,1824,1846]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="270">Chromis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. As the most species-rich genus in the family, 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFACFFC4972D1717978AF90E" box="[1110,1197,1853,1875]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="270" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFACFFC4972D1717978AF90E" box="[1110,1197,1853,1875]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="270">Chromis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has always been a broad, expansive taxon, though it was generally considered to be a natural assemblage (e.g., 
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFACFFC49711175396E1F9CD" author="Randall, J. E. &amp; S. N. Swerdloff" box="[1130,1478,1913,1936]" pageId="12" pageNumber="270" pagination="327 - 349" refId="ref77532" refString="Randall, J. E., and S. N. Swerdloff. 1973. A review of the damselfish genus Chromis from the Hawaiian Islands, with descriptions of three new species. Pacific Science 27: 327 - 349." type="journal article" year="1973">Randall and Swerdloff, 1973</bibRefCitation>
). However, no study with sufficient taxon sampling has inferred a monophyletic 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFACFFC49730179E9785F997" box="[1099,1186,1972,1994]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="270" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFACFFC49730179E9785F997" box="[1099,1186,1972,1994]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="270">Chromis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. It is always rendered non-monophyletic by the placement of 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFACFFC497A217F8960CF9BA" authorityName="Jordan &amp; McGregor" authorityYear="1898" box="[1241,1323,2002,2023]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Azurina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="270" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFACFFC497A217F8960CF9BA" box="[1241,1323,2002,2023]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="270">Azurina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFACFFC4961417FB96F5F9BA" authorityName="Cuvier" authorityYear="1829" box="[1391,1490,2001,2023]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Dascyllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="270" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFACFFC4961417FB96F5F9BA" box="[1391,1490,2001,2023]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="270">Dascyllus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFADFFC593EE10999233FE95" author="Tang, K. L." box="[149,276,179,200]" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" pagination="591 - 601" refId="ref80814" refString="Tang, K. L. 2001. Phylogenetic relationships among damselfishes (Teleostei: Pomacentridae) as determined by mitochondrial DNA data. Copeia 2001: 591 - 601." type="journal article" year="2001">Tang, 2001</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFADFFC5925910999131FE95" author="Jang-Liaw, N. - H. &amp; K. L. Tang &amp; C. - F. Hui &amp; K. - T. Shao" box="[290,534,179,201]" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" pagination="445 - 454" refId="ref70023" refString="Jang-Liaw, N. - H., K. L. Tang, C. - F. Hui, and K. - T. Shao. 2002. Molecular phylogeny of 48 species of damselfishes (Perciformes: Pomacentridae) using 12 S mtDNA sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 25: 445 - 454." type="journal article" year="2002">Jang-Liaw et al., 2002</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFADFFC5915F10999000FE95" author="Quenouille, B. &amp; E. Bermingham &amp; S. Planes" box="[548,807,179,201]" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" pagination="66 - 88" refId="ref76154" refString="Quenouille, B., E. Bermingham, and S. Planes. 2004. Molecular systematics of the damselfishes (Teleostei: Pomacentridae): Bayesian phylogenetic analyses of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 31: 66 - 88." type="journal article" year="2004">Quenouille et al., 2004</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFADFFC593F510FB924EFEB8" author="Tang, K. L. &amp; K. M. McNyset &amp; N. I. Holcroft" box="[142,361,208,230]" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" pagination="823 - 828" refId="ref80984" refString="Tang, K. L., K. M. McNyset, and N. I. Holcroft. 2004. The phylogenetic position of five genera (Acanthochromis, Azurina, Chrysiptera, Dischistodus, and Neopomacentrus) of damselfishes (Perciformes: Pomacentridae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 30: 823 - 828." type="journal article" year="2004">Tang et al., 2004</bibRefCitation>
; Cooper et al., 2009; Cowman and Bellwood, 2011; 
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFADFFC5923710C49104FF5E" author="Hubert, N. &amp; E. Paradis &amp; H. Bruggemann &amp; S. Planes" box="[332,547,238,260]" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" pagination="229 - 277" refId="ref69585" refString="Hubert, N., E. Paradis, H. Bruggemann, and S. Planes. 2011. Community assembly and diversification in Indo-Pacific coral reef fishes: evolution of coral reef fish communities. Ecology and Evolution 1: 229 - 277." type="journal article" year="2011">Hubert et al., 2011</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFADFFC5914A10C49000FF5E" author="Hofmann, C. M. &amp; N. J. Marshall &amp; K. Abdilleh &amp; Z. Patel &amp; U. E. Siebeck &amp; K. L. Carleton" box="[561,807,238,260]" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" pagination="79 - 91" refId="ref69319" refString="Hofmann, C. M., N. J. Marshall, K. Abdilleh, Z. Patel, U. E. Siebeck, and K. L. Carleton. 2012. Opsin evolution in damselfish: convergence, reversal, and parallel evolution across tuning sites. Journal of Molecular Evolution 75: 79 - 91." type="journal article" year="2012">Hofmann et al., 2012</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFADFFC593F51121924DFF7D" author="Litsios, G. &amp; C. A. Sims &amp; R. O. Wuest &amp; P. B. Pearman &amp; N. E. Zimmermann &amp; N. Salamin" box="[142,362,267,289]" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" pagination="212" refId="ref72166" refString="Litsios, G., C. A. Sims, R. O. Wuest, P. B. Pearman, N. E. Zimmermann, and N. Salamin. 2012 a. Mutualism with sea anemones triggered the adaptive radiation of clownfishes. BMC Evolutionary Biology 12: 212." type="journal article" year="2012">Litsios et al., 2012a</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFADFFC5920C11219298FF7C" author="Litsios, G. &amp; L. Pellissier &amp; F. Forest &amp; C. Lexer &amp; P. B. Pearman &amp; N. E. Zimmermann &amp; N. Salamin" box="[375,447,267,289]" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" pagination="3662 - 3669" refId="ref72070" refString="Litsios, G., L. Pellissier, F. Forest, C. Lexer, P. B. Pearman, N. E. Zimmermann, and N. Salamin. 2012 b. Trophic specialization influences the rate of environmental niche evolution in damselfishes (Pomacentridae). Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 279: 3662 - 3669." type="journal article" year="2012">2012b</bibRefCitation>
; Betancur-R. et al., 2013a, 2015, 2017; 
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFADFFC593A1110292F0FF63" author="Frederich, B. &amp; L. Sorenson &amp; F. Santini &amp; G. J. Slater &amp; M. E. Alfaro" box="[218,471,296,318]" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" pagination="94 - 113" refId="ref66743" refString="Frederich, B., L. Sorenson, F. Santini, G. J. Slater, and M. E. Alfaro. 2013. Iterative ecological radiation and convergence during the evolutionary history of damselfishes (Pomacentridae). The American Naturalist 181: 94 - 113." type="journal article" year="2013">Frédérich et al., 2013</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFADFFC59291110291FBFF63" author="Rabosky, D. L. &amp; F. Santini &amp; J. Eastman &amp; S. A. Smith &amp; B. Sidlauskas &amp; J. Chang &amp; M. E. Alfaro" box="[490,732,296,318]" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" pagination="1958" refId="ref76375" refString="Rabosky, D. L., F. Santini, J. Eastman, S. A. Smith, B. Sidlauskas, J. Chang, and M. E. Alfaro. 2013. Rates of speciation and morphological evolution are correlated across the largest vertebrate radiation. Nature Communications 4: 1958." type="journal article" year="2013">Rabosky et al., 2013</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFADFFC5919511039000FF63" author="Rabosky, D. L. &amp; J. Chang &amp; P. O. Title &amp; P. F. Cowman &amp; L. Sallan &amp; M. Friedman &amp; K. Kaschner &amp; C. Garilao &amp; T. J. Near &amp; M. Coll &amp; M. E. Alfaro" box="[750,807,297,318]" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" pagination="392 - 395" refId="ref76299" refString="Rabosky, D. L., J. Chang, P. O. Title, P. F. Cowman, L. Sallan, M. Friedman, K. Kaschner, C. Garilao, T. J. Near, M. Coll, and M. E. Alfaro. 2018. An inverse latitudinal gradient in speciation rate for marine fishes. Nature 559: 392 - 395." type="journal article" year="2018">2018</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFADFFC593F5116C924FFF06" author="Lobato, F. L. &amp; D. R. Barneche &amp; A. C. Siqueira &amp; A. M. R. Liedke &amp; A. Lindner &amp; M. R. Pie &amp; D. R. Bellwood &amp; S. R. Floeter" box="[142,360,326,348]" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" pagination="102094" refId="ref72399" refString="Lobato, F. L., D. R. Barneche, A. C. Siqueira, A. M. R. Liedke, A. Lindner, M. R. Pie, D. R. Bellwood, and S. R. Floeter. 2014. Diet and diversification in the evolution of coral reef fishes. PLoS ONE 9: e 102094." type="journal article" year="2014">Lobato et al., 2014</bibRefCitation>
; DiBattista et al., 2016; 
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFADFFC591FB116C9000FF01" author="Mirande, J. M." box="[640,807,326,348]" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" pagination="333 - 350" refId="ref73614" refString="Mirande, J. M. 2016. Combined phylogeny of ray-finned fishes (Actinopterygii) and the use of morphological characters in large-scale analyses. Cladistics 33: 333 - 350." type="journal article" year="2016">Mirande, 2016</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFADFFC593F5114992ACFF24" author="Sanciangco, M. D. &amp; K. E. Carpenter &amp; R. Betancur-R." box="[142,395,355,377]" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" pagination="565 - 576" refId="ref78759" refString="Sanciangco, M. D., K. E. Carpenter, and R. Betancur-R. 2016. Phylogenetic placement of enigmatic percomorph families (Teleostei: Percomorphaceae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 94: 565 - 576." type="journal article" year="2016">Sanciangco et al., 2016</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFADFFC592ED1149915AFF25" author="Gaboriau, T. &amp; F. Leprieur &amp; D. Mouillot &amp; N. Hubert" box="[406,637,355,377]" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" pagination="1295 - 1306" refId="ref67249" refString="Gaboriau, T., F. Leprieur, D. Mouillot, and N. Hubert. 2018. Influence of the geography of speciation on current patterns of coral reef fish biodiversity across the Indo-Pacific. Ecography 41: 1295 - 1306." type="journal article" year="2018">Gaboriau et al., 2018</bibRefCitation>
; Delrieu-Trottin et al., 2019).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="28433D65FFADFFC593DD11B493F8FBC1" blockId="13.[142,812,179,2024]" pageId="13" pageNumber="271">
Based on the extent of taxon sampling herein, it is feasible to address the polyphyly of 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFADFFC592B711919104FF8C" box="[460,547,443,465]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFADFFC592B711919104FF8C" box="[460,547,443,465]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="271">Chromis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The 
<typeStatus id="F74783C7FFADFFC5911E119691B2FF8C" box="[613,661,444,465]" pageId="13" pageNumber="271">type</typeStatus>
species of all genus-group names in the synonymy of 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFADFFC5913311F291B8FFB3" box="[584,671,472,494]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFADFFC5913311F291B8FFB3" box="[584,671,472,494]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="271">Chromis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are included in this analysis except for 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFADFFC592B511DD91B4FC51" authorityName="Heller &amp; Snodgrass" authorityYear="1903" box="[462,659,502,524]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Azurina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eupalama">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFADFFC592B511DD91B4FC51" box="[462,659,502,524]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="271">Azurina eupalama</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the 
<typeStatus id="F74783C7FFADFFC591A311DD902FFC51" box="[728,776,503,524]" pageId="13" pageNumber="271">type</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFADFFC593F51239922DFC74" authorityName="Fowler" authorityYear="1944" box="[142,266,531,553]" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Belochromis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFADFFC593F51239922DFC74" box="[142,266,531,553]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="271">Belochromis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which may be extinct (
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFADFFC59155123E93E0FC1B" author="Grove, J. S. &amp; R. J. Lavenberg" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" refId="ref68178" refString="Grove, J. S., and R. J. Lavenberg. 1997. The Fishes of the Galapagos Islands. Stanford University Press, Stanford, California." type="book" year="1997">Grove and Lavenberg, 1997</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFADFFC593A9121B92D9FC1B" author="Roberts, C. M. &amp; J. P. Hawkins" box="[210,510,561,583]" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" pagination="241 - 246" refId="ref77891" refString="Roberts, C. M., and J. P. Hawkins. 1999. Extinction risk in the sea. Trends in Ecology &amp; Evolution 14: 241 - 246." type="journal article" year="1999">Roberts and Hawkins, 1999</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFADFFC59173121B91C0FC1B" author="Hawkins, J. P. &amp; C. M. Roberts &amp; V. Clark" box="[520,743,561,583]" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" pagination="81 - 88" refId="ref68575" refString="Hawkins, J. P., C. M. Roberts, and V. Clark. 2000. The threatened status of restricted-range coral reef fish species. Animal Conservation 3: 81 - 88." type="journal article" year="2000">Hawkins et al., 2000</bibRefCitation>
; Allen et al., 2010c; 
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFADFFC5925D126491AEFC38" author="McCosker, J. E. &amp; R. H. Rosenblatt" box="[294,649,590,613]" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" pagination="167 - 195" refId="ref73234" refString="McCosker, J. E., and R. H. Rosenblatt. 2010. The fishes of the Galapagos Archipelago: an update. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (Series 4) 61: 167 - 195." type="journal article" year="2010">McCosker and Rosenblatt, 2010</bibRefCitation>
) though more extensive surveying is needed for confirmation (
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFADFFC591CF12469217FCC3" author="Dulvy, N. K. &amp; N. V. C. Polunin" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" pagination="365 - 374" refId="ref65466" refString="Dulvy, N. K., and N. V. C. Polunin. 2004. Using informal knowledge to infer human-induced rarity of a conspicuous reef fish. Animal Conservation 7: 365 - 374." type="journal article" year="2004">Dulvy and Polunin, 2004</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFADFFC5924412A39169FCFD" author="Russell, B. C. &amp; M. T. Craig" box="[319,590,649,672]" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" pagination="83 - 91" refId="ref78489" refString="Russell, B. C., and M. T. Craig. 2013. Anampses viridis Valenciennes 1840 (Pisces: Labridae) - a case of taxonomic confusion and mistaken extinction. Zootaxa 3722: 83 - 91." type="journal article" year="2013">Russell and Craig, 2013</bibRefCitation>
). Eighty-one of the 108 currently recognized species of 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFADFFC59166128C9153FCE1" box="[541,628,678,700]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFADFFC59166128C9153FCE1" box="[541,628,678,700]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="271">Chromis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were examined; 
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFADFFC593F512EE9256FC86" author="Fricke, R. &amp; W. N. Eschmeyer &amp; R. van der Laan" box="[142,369,708,731]" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" refId="ref66923" refString="Fricke, R., W. N. Eschmeyer, and R. van der Laan (Eds.). 2020. Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes: Genera, Species, References. http: // researcharchive. calacademy. org / research / Ichthyology / catalog / fishcatmain. asp (Electronic version accessed 6 October 2020)." type="url" year="2020">Fricke et al. (2020)</bibRefCitation>
recognizes 109 species, including 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFADFFC5906F12EE9206FCAA" authorityName="Kamohara" authorityYear="1960" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flavomaculata">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFADFFC5906F12EE9206FCAA" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="271">C. flavomaculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which we treat as a synonym of 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFADFFC591E212C891DDFCAA" box="[665,762,738,759]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="notata">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFADFFC591E212C891DDFCAA" box="[665,762,738,759]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="271">C. notata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see below), following 
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFADFFC5921012D591C9FD4B" author="Iwatsubo, H. &amp; H. Motomura" box="[363,750,767,790]" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" pagination="193 - 213" refId="ref69880" refString="Iwatsubo, H., and H. Motomura. 2013. Redescriptions of Chromis notata (Temminck and Schlegel, 1843) and C. kennensis Whitley, 1964 with the description of a new species of Chromis (Perciformes: Pomacentridae). Species Diversity 18: 193 - 213." type="journal article" year="2013">Iwatsubo and Motomura (2013)</bibRefCitation>
. The results of this study corroborate earlier findings which consistently demonstrated that 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFADFFC5928B13139160FD12" box="[496,583,825,847]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFADFFC5928B13139160FD12" box="[496,583,825,847]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="271">Chromis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as currently constituted, is broadly polyphyletic. Based on the phylogeny (
<figureCitation id="B0C721E0FFADFFC5907F137D93BBFDD7" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[142,170,1900,1920]" captionTargetBox="[194,1477,178,1870]" captionTargetId="figure-1@7.[194,1477,178,1870]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIG. 1. The phylogenetic relationships of damselfishes (Teleostei: Pomacentridae): (A) outgroup taxa; (B) subfamilies Microspathodontinae and Glyphisodontinae; (C) subfamily Chrominae; (D) subfamily Pomacentrinae (part I); (E) subfamily Pomacentrinae (part II). The phylogeny is based on the maximum-likelihood topology with the best log likelihood score (ln L ¼ –45,4518.728) recovered from ten independent maximum-likelihood analyses of a data matrix composed of 462 taxa and 6,865 nucleotides. Bootstrap values from 1,000 ultrafast replicates are displayed for each node" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7846740" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7846740/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="271">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
; Supplemental 
<figureCitation id="B0C721E0FFADFFC59235135F92ABFDD7" box="[334,396,885,907]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[142,170,1900,1920]" captionTargetBox="[194,1477,178,1870]" captionTargetId="figure-1@7.[194,1477,178,1870]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIG. 1. The phylogenetic relationships of damselfishes (Teleostei: Pomacentridae): (A) outgroup taxa; (B) subfamilies Microspathodontinae and Glyphisodontinae; (C) subfamily Chrominae; (D) subfamily Pomacentrinae (part I); (E) subfamily Pomacentrinae (part II). The phylogeny is based on the maximum-likelihood topology with the best log likelihood score (ln L ¼ –45,4518.728) recovered from ten independent maximum-likelihood analyses of a data matrix composed of 462 taxa and 6,865 nucleotides. Bootstrap values from 1,000 ultrafast replicates are displayed for each node" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7846740" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7846740/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="271">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
; see Data Accessibility), the putative species of 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFADFFC5927A13BB927FFDFA" box="[257,344,913,935]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFADFFC5927A13BB927FFDFA" box="[257,344,913,935]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="271">Chromis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
fall into three disjunct clades. The crown clade includes the 
<typeStatus id="F74783C7FFADFFC5921C139A92B0FD98" box="[359,407,944,965]" pageId="13" pageNumber="271">type</typeStatus>
species, 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFADFFC5928413859194FD98" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[511,691,943,965]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chromis">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFADFFC5928413859194FD98" box="[511,691,943,965]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="271">Chromis chromis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. A second clade is sister to a monophyletic 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFADFFC5914F13E691BFFDBF" authorityName="Cuvier" authorityYear="1829" box="[564,664,972,994]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Dascyllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFADFFC5914F13E691BFFDBF" box="[564,664,972,994]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="271">Dascyllus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; this group includes various two-tone species (e.g., 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFADFFC5912B13C19183FA5D" baseAuthorityName="Randall &amp; DiBattista" baseAuthorityYear="2013" box="[592,676,1002,1024]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Pycnochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fieldi">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFADFFC5912B13C19183FA5D" box="[592,676,1002,1024]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="271">C. fieldi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFADFFC591CE13C19003FA5D" authorityName="Jordan &amp; Seale" authorityYear="1906" box="[693,804,1002,1024]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="iomelas">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFADFFC591CE13C19003FA5D" box="[693,804,1002,1024]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="271">C. iomelas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFADFFC593F514229200FA40" baseAuthorityName="Fowler" baseAuthorityYear="1946" box="[142,295,1031,1053]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Pycnochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="margaritifer">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFADFFC593F514229200FA40" box="[142,295,1031,1053]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="271">C. margaritifer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) as well as the miniature species (
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFADFFC591DD14229022FA40" authorityName="Randall &amp; Swerdloff" authorityYear="1973" box="[678,773,1032,1053]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acares">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFADFFC591DD14229022FA40" box="[678,773,1032,1053]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="271">C. acares</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFADFFC5906F142293FFFA67" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1960" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigrura">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFADFFC5906F142293FFFA67" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="271">C. nigrura</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFADFFC5939C140F9253FA67" box="[231,372,1060,1082]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Pycnochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vanderbilti">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFADFFC5939C140F9253FA67" box="[231,372,1060,1082]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="271">C. vanderbilti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). The third clade includes 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFADFFC591DA140F91D4FA67" authorityName="Jordan &amp; McGregor" authorityYear="1898" box="[673,755,1061,1082]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Azurina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFADFFC591DA140F91D4FA67" box="[673,755,1061,1082]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="271">Azurina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The two most obvious solutions for the polyphyly of 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFADFFC591DD146891DAFA05" box="[678,765,1090,1112]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFADFFC591DD146891DAFA05" box="[678,765,1090,1112]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="271">Chromis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are: 1) place 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFADFFC59395144A9267FA28" authorityName="Jordan &amp; McGregor" authorityYear="1898" box="[238,320,1120,1141]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Azurina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFADFFC59395144A9267FA28" box="[238,320,1120,1141]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="271">Azurina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFADFFC59201147592FAFA28" authorityName="Cuvier" authorityYear="1829" box="[378,477,1119,1141]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Dascyllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFADFFC59201147592FAFA28" box="[378,477,1119,1141]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="271">Dascyllus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the synonymy of 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFADFFC591B514759002FA28" box="[718,805,1119,1141]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFADFFC591B514759002FA28" box="[718,805,1119,1141]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="271">Chromis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; or 2) assign those species currently classified as 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFADFFC591DA145791DFFACE" box="[673,760,1149,1171]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFADFFC591DA145791DFFACE" box="[673,760,1149,1171]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="271">Chromis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but not most closely related to 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFADFFC592A614B091B3FAED" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[477,660,1178,1200]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chromis">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFADFFC592A614B091B3FAED" box="[477,660,1178,1200]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="271">Chromis chromis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, to different genera. The first choice would result in the reclassification of two species of 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFADFFC5924114FC92ABFAB6" authorityName="Jordan &amp; McGregor" authorityYear="1898" box="[314,396,1238,1259]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Azurina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFADFFC5924114FC92ABFAB6" box="[314,396,1238,1259]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="271">Azurina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 11 species of 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFADFFC5911114FF91EAFAB6" authorityName="Cuvier" authorityYear="1829" box="[618,717,1237,1259]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Dascyllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFADFFC5911114FF91EAFAB6" box="[618,717,1237,1259]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="271">Dascyllus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
into an already sprawling 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFADFFC5922714D89294FB55" box="[348,435,1266,1288]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFADFFC5922714D89294FB55" box="[348,435,1266,1288]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="271">Chromis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which would cause at least one instance of secondary homonymy (
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFADFFC5914B153A9027FB7B" baseAuthorityName="Gunther" baseAuthorityYear="1880" box="[560,768,1296,1318]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flavicauda">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFADFFC5914B153A9027FB7B" box="[560,768,1296,1318]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="271">Chromis flavicauda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
vs. 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFADFFC593F515079256FB1E" authorityName="Randall &amp; Allen" authorityYear="1977" box="[142,369,1325,1347]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Dascyllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flavicaudus">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFADFFC593F515079256FB1E" box="[142,369,1325,1347]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="271">Dascyllus flavicaudus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFADFFC592F81504912DFB1E" author="ICZN &amp; International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature" box="[387,522,1326,1347]" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" refId="ref69852" refString="ICZN (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature). 1999. International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Fourth edition. International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London." type="book" year="1999">ICZN, 1999</bibRefCitation>
: Art. 57.3.1). The second choice would retain both 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFADFFC592DD156192DFFB3D" authorityName="Jordan &amp; McGregor" authorityYear="1898" box="[422,504,1355,1376]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Azurina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFADFFC592DD156192DFFB3D" box="[422,504,1355,1376]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="271">Azurina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFADFFC59155156091B6FB3D" authorityName="Cuvier" authorityYear="1829" box="[558,657,1354,1376]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Dascyllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFADFFC59155156091B6FB3D" box="[558,657,1354,1376]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="271">Dascyllus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and break up 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFADFFC593F5154293C2FB23" box="[142,229,1384,1406]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFADFFC593F5154293C2FB23" box="[142,229,1384,1406]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="271">Chromis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
into multiple genera. We have chosen the latter option.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="28433D65FFADFFC593DD158E9605FFCB" blockId="13.[142,812,179,2024]" lastBlockId="13.[859,1530,178,2024]" pageId="13" pageNumber="271">
Because the crown group includes the 
<typeStatus id="F74783C7FFADFFC59130158E915CFBE4" box="[587,635,1444,1465]" pageId="13" pageNumber="271">type</typeStatus>
species 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFADFFC591AF158993F8FB8B" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chromis">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFADFFC591AF158993F8FB8B" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="271">Chromis chromis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, it remains 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFADFFC5920D15EA92EAFB8B" box="[374,461,1472,1494]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFADFFC5920D15EA92EAFB8B" box="[374,461,1472,1494]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="271">Chromis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The clade sister to 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFADFFC591B215EA900BFB8B" authorityName="Cuvier" authorityYear="1829" box="[713,812,1472,1494]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Dascyllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFADFFC591B215EA900BFB8B" box="[713,812,1472,1494]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="271">Dascyllus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
includes 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFADFFC5938215F492A9FBA9" box="[249,398,1502,1524]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Pycnochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vanderbilti">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFADFFC5938215F492A9FBA9" box="[249,398,1502,1524]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="271">C. vanderbilti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the 
<typeStatus id="F74783C7FFADFFC592A315F4912FFBAE" box="[472,520,1502,1523]" pageId="13" pageNumber="271">type</typeStatus>
species of 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFADFFC591E315F49002FBA9" authorityName="Fowler" authorityYear="1941" box="[664,805,1502,1524]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Pycnochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFADFFC591E315F49002FBA9" box="[664,805,1502,1524]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="271">Pycnochromis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Therefore, we hereby refer all species of 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFADFFC5913F15D191BCF84C" box="[580,667,1531,1553]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFADFFC5913F15D191BCF84C" box="[580,667,1531,1553]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="271">Chromis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in that clade (
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFADFFC593ED163293C2F873" box="[150,229,1560,1582]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="271">abrupta</emphasis>
, 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFADFFC593801633921DF873" authorityName="Randall &amp; Swerdloff" authorityYear="1973" box="[251,314,1561,1582]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acares">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFADFFC593801633921DF873" box="[251,314,1561,1582]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="271">acares</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFADFFC59235163292A0F873" baseAuthorityName="Randall, Ida &amp; Moyer" baseAuthorityYear="1981" box="[334,391,1560,1582]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Pycnochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alleni">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFADFFC59235163292A0F873" box="[334,391,1560,1582]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="271">alleni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFADFFC592E71632913BF873" authorityName="Bleeker" authorityYear="1868" box="[412,540,1560,1582]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Pomacentrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="amboinensis">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFADFFC592E71632913BF873" box="[412,540,1560,1582]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="271">amboinensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFADFFC5914A16339153F873" baseAuthorityName="Fowler &amp; Bean" baseAuthorityYear="1928" box="[561,628,1561,1582]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Pycnochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atripes">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFADFFC5914A16339153F873" box="[561,628,1561,1582]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="271">atripes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFADFFC591F2163291F9F873" box="[649,734,1560,1582]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="271">caudalis</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFADFFC5918816329002F873" box="[755,805,1560,1582]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="271">delta</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFADFFC593F5161C93D5F811" box="[142,242,1590,1612]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="271">dimidiata</emphasis>
, 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFADFFC5927D161C9241F811" authorityName=", Randall" authorityYear="2001" box="[262,358,1590,1612]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fatuhivae">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFADFFC5927D161C9241F811" box="[262,358,1590,1612]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="271">fatuhivae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFADFFC59202161C928BF811" baseAuthorityName="Randall &amp; DiBattista" baseAuthorityYear="2013" box="[377,428,1590,1612]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Pycnochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fieldi">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFADFFC59202161C928BF811" box="[377,428,1590,1612]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="271">fieldi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFADFFC592BB161C92DBF811" baseAuthorityName="Randall &amp; Swerdloff" baseAuthorityYear="1973" box="[448,508,1590,1612]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Pycnochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hanui">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFADFFC592BB161C92DBF811" box="[448,508,1590,1612]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="271">hanui</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFADFFC5916B161C9142F811" baseAuthorityName="Allen &amp; Erdmann" baseAuthorityYear="2014" box="[528,613,1590,1612]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Pycnochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="howsoni">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFADFFC5916B161C9142F811" box="[528,613,1590,1612]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="271">howsoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFADFFC59102161C91E0F811" authorityName="Jordan &amp; Seale" authorityYear="1906" box="[633,711,1590,1612]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="iomelas">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFADFFC59102161C91E0F811" box="[633,711,1590,1612]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="271">iomelas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFADFFC591A0161C9002F811" box="[731,805,1590,1612]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="271">leucura</emphasis>
, 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFADFFC593F516799221F834" baseAuthorityName="Fowler" baseAuthorityYear="1946" box="[142,262,1619,1641]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Pycnochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="margaritifer">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFADFFC593F516799221F834" box="[142,262,1619,1641]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="271">margaritifer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFADFFC59266167E9240F834" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1960" box="[285,359,1620,1641]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigrura">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFADFFC59266167E9240F834" box="[285,359,1620,1641]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="271">nigrura</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFADFFC59206167992D7F834" baseAuthorityName="Randall" baseAuthorityYear="1988" box="[381,496,1619,1641]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Pycnochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ovatiformis">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFADFFC59206167992D7F834" box="[381,496,1619,1641]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="271">ovatiformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFADFFC5917C16799171F834" authorityName="Allen &amp; Erdmann" authorityYear="2020" box="[519,598,1619,1641]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pacifica">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFADFFC5917C16799171F834" box="[519,598,1619,1641]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="271">pacifica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFADFFC59116167991CCF834" box="[621,747,1619,1641]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="271">retrofasciata</emphasis>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFADFFC593F5165B93DBF8DA" box="[142,252,1649,1671]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Pycnochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vanderbilti">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFADFFC593F5165B93DBF8DA" box="[142,252,1649,1671]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="271">vanderbilti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) to 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFADFFC5925C165B9293F8DA" authorityName="Fowler" authorityYear="1941" box="[295,436,1649,1671]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Pycnochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFADFFC5925C165B9293F8DA" box="[295,436,1649,1671]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="271">Pycnochromis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The genus is masculine so several specific epithets must change to agree in gender (e.g., 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFADFFC593F5168193CFF89C" baseAuthorityName="Randall" baseAuthorityYear="2001" box="[142,232,1707,1729]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Pycnochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="abruptus">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFADFFC593F5168193CFF89C" box="[142,232,1707,1729]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="271">abruptus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFADFFC5938D16819243F89C" baseAuthorityName="Klunzinger" baseAuthorityYear="1871" box="[246,356,1707,1729]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Pycnochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dimidiatus">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFADFFC5938D16819243F89C" box="[246,356,1707,1729]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="271">dimidiatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFADFFC59208168192DCF89C" box="[371,507,1707,1729]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="271">retrofasciatus</emphasis>
). The species name 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFADFFC591A71681900CF89C" authorityName="Allen &amp; Erdmann" authorityYear="2020" box="[732,811,1707,1729]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pacifica">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFADFFC591A71681900CF89C" box="[732,811,1707,1729]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="271">pacifica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is treated as a noun in apposition (Allen and Erdmann, 2020: 109), so the suffix does not change to match the masculine gender of 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFADFFC5927A172992A9F944" authorityName="Fowler" authorityYear="1941" box="[257,398,1795,1817]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Pycnochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFADFFC5927A172992A9F944" box="[257,398,1795,1817]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="271">Pycnochromis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. This usage of 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFADFFC59141172991E0F944" authorityName="Fowler" authorityYear="1941" box="[570,711,1795,1817]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Pycnochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFADFFC59141172991E0F944" box="[570,711,1795,1817]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="271">Pycnochromis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
expands the original limits of the genus, initially established for small, elongate species typified by 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFADFFC59295171591A1F909" box="[494,646,1854,1876]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Pycnochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vanderbilti">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFADFFC59295171591A1F909" box="[494,646,1854,1876]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="271">C. vanderbilti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, to absorb a grouping equivalent to Allen’s (1975a: 38) 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFADFFC591D51776900BF92F" baseAuthorityName="Fowler" baseAuthorityYear="1946" box="[686,812,1884,1906]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Pycnochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="margaritifer">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFADFFC591D51776900BF92F" box="[686,812,1884,1906]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="271">margaritifer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
complex [
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFADFFC5938417529236F9D2" bold="true" box="[255,273,1912,1935]" pageId="13" pageNumber="271">¼</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFADFFC59260175392D8F9D2" baseAuthorityName="Bleeker" baseAuthorityYear="1871" box="[283,511,1913,1935]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="amboinensis">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFADFFC59260175392D8F9D2" box="[283,511,1913,1935]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="271">Chromis amboinensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
complex 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFADFFC5910C1750921AF9F1" authority="Allen and Erdmann, 2020" authorityName="Allen and Erdmann" authorityYear="2020" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Abudefduf" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sensu">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFADFFC5910C17509188F9D2" box="[631,687,1914,1935]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="271">sensu</emphasis>
Allen and Erdmann, 2020
</taxonomicName>
], which was characterized by the presence of XII dorsal spines, exposed suborbital [
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFADFFC5914917999163F997" bold="true" box="[562,580,1971,1994]" pageId="13" pageNumber="271">¼</emphasis>
infraorbital] margin, and bifurcate (occasionally trifurcate) filaments at the margin of each caudal-fin lobe. Those species of 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFADFFC5966E1098964BFE95" box="[1301,1388,178,200]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFADFFC5966E1098964BFE95" box="[1301,1388,178,200]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="271">Chromis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
most closely related to 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFADFFC590AC10FB97A0FEBB" authorityName="Jordan &amp; McGregor" authorityYear="1898" box="[983,1159,208,230]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Azurina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hirundo">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFADFFC590AC10FB97A0FEBB" box="[983,1159,208,230]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="271">Azurina hirundo</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFADFFC597E710FB9602FEBB" authorityName="Gill" authorityYear="1862" box="[1180,1317,208,230]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atrilobata">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFADFFC597E710FB9602FEBB" box="[1180,1317,208,230]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="271">C. atrilobata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFADFFC5964210FB96EAFEBB" box="[1337,1485,208,230]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFADFFC5964210FB96EAFEBB" box="[1337,1485,208,230]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="271">C. brevirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFADFFC5969A10FB9086FF5E" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chrysiptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cyanea">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFADFFC5969A10FB9086FF5E" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="271">C. cyanea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFADFFC590D510C49722FF5E" authorityName="Fowler &amp; Bean" authorityYear="1928" box="[942,1029,237,259]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elerae">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFADFFC590D510C49722FF5E" box="[942,1029,237,259]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="271">C. elerae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFADFFC5976910C497BEFF5E" baseAuthorityName="Bleeker" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[1042,1177,237,259]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Azurina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lepidolepis">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFADFFC5976910C497BEFF5E" box="[1042,1177,237,259]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="271">C. lepidolepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFADFFC597AE10C49657FF5E" baseAuthorityName="Holland" baseAuthorityYear="1920" box="[1237,1392,237,259]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Azurina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="multilineata">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFADFFC597AE10C49657FF5E" box="[1237,1392,237,259]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="271">C. multilineata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) are referred to 
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFADFFC5900411219710FF7D" box="[895,1079,267,288]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="271">
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFADFFC59004112190F2FF7D" authorityName="Jordan &amp; McGregor" authorityYear="1898" box="[895,981,267,288]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Azurina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Azurina</taxonomicName>
. 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFADFFC5909E11219710FF7D" authorityName="Jordan &amp; McGregor" authorityYear="1898" box="[997,1079,267,288]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Azurina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Azurina</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
is feminine, so no name changes are necessary for gender agreement. Following this reorganization within the 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFADFFC59761116C97BDFF01" baseAuthorityName="sensu Allen" baseAuthorityYear="1975" box="[1050,1178,326,348]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="300" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Chrominae">Chrominae</taxonomicName>
, the subfamily is divided into four genera: 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFADFFC59082114E97CBFF24" box="[1017,1260,356,377]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Azurina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="sensu" subSpecies="novum">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFADFFC59082114E97CBFF24" box="[1017,1260,356,377]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="271">Azurina sensu novum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFADFFC59678114996D5FF24" box="[1283,1522,355,377]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="271">
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFADFFC5967811499683FF24" box="[1283,1444,355,377]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sensu">
Chromis 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="01BB5C0CFFADFFC59610114E9683FF24" box="[1387,1444,356,377]" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" sensu="stricto">sensu</taxonomicNameLabel>
</taxonomicName>
stricto
</emphasis>
, 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFADFFC5902011AA9099FFCB" authorityName="Cuvier" authorityYear="1829" box="[859,958,384,406]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Dascyllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFADFFC5902011AA9099FFCB" box="[859,958,384,406]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="271">Dascyllus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFADFFC5908411AA963DFFCB" box="[1023,1306,384,406]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Pycnochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="sensu" subSpecies="novum">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFADFFC5908411AA963DFFCB" box="[1023,1306,384,406]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="271">Pycnochromis sensu novum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="28433D65FFADFFC6900811B49228FF59" blockId="13.[859,1530,178,2024]" lastBlockId="14.[103,774,179,1470]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="272" pageId="13" pageNumber="271">
The total number of procurrent rays on each edge of the caudal peduncle is variable across the 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFADFFC596691196969FFF8F" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1831" box="[1298,1464,444,466]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Pomacentridae</taxonomicName>
, with species of 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFADFFC590B611F39703FFB2" box="[973,1060,473,495]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFADFFC590B611F39703FFB2" box="[973,1060,473,495]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="271">Chromis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(5–6) and 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFADFFC597E611F39627FFB2" authorityName="Cuvier" authorityYear="1829" box="[1181,1280,473,495]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Dascyllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFADFFC597E611F39627FFB2" box="[1181,1280,473,495]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="271">Dascyllus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(5) having fewer than other genera in the family (
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFADFFC597EF11DC9655FC50" author="Randall, J. E. &amp; H. Ida &amp; J. T. Moyer" box="[1172,1394,502,525]" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" pagination="203 - 242" refId="ref77301" refString="Randall, J. E., H. Ida, and J. T. Moyer. 1981. A review of the damselfishes of the genus Chromis from Japan and Taiwan, with description of a new species. Japanese Journal of Ichthyology 28: 203 - 242." type="journal article" year="1981">Randall et al., 1981</bibRefCitation>
). Without a comprehensive survey of this character, it is impossible to know if the number of procurrent caudal rays is phylogenetically informative at this level. However, the presence and numbers of a subset of these rays, the protruding spiniform rays (occasionally called caudal spinules; e.g., 
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFADFFC5962412A390B3FCE1" author="Randall, J. E. &amp; H. Ida &amp; J. T. Moyer" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" pagination="203 - 242" refId="ref77301" refString="Randall, J. E., H. Ida, and J. T. Moyer. 1981. A review of the damselfishes of the genus Chromis from Japan and Taiwan, with description of a new species. Japanese Journal of Ichthyology 28: 203 - 242." type="journal article" year="1981">Randall et al., 1981</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFADFFC590DA128D977BFCE0" author="Shao, K. - T. &amp; K. - H. Chang &amp; W. Chang" box="[929,1116,679,701]" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" pagination="39 - 46" refId="ref79153" refString="Shao, K. - T., K. - H. Chang, and W. Chang. 1985. Notes on the six new records of damselfishes (Pisces: Pomacentridae) from Taiwan. Journal of Taiwan Museum 38: 39 - 46." type="journal article" year="1985">Shao et al., 1985</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFADFFC59713128D9697FCE0" author="Yamakawa, T. &amp; J. E. Randall" box="[1128,1456,678,701]" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" pagination="299 - 302" refId="ref83000" refString="Yamakawa, T., and J. E. Randall. 1989. Chromis okamurai, a new damselfish from the Okinawa Trough, Japan. Japanese Journal of Ichthyology 36: 299 - 302." type="journal article" year="1989">Yamakawa and Randall, 1989</bibRefCitation>
), have played a role in the classification of the subfamily (e.g., Allen, 1975a, 1999a; 
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFADFFC5977A12C8979DFCAA" author="Koh, J. R. &amp; J. G. Myoung &amp; Y. U. Kim" box="[1025,1210,738,760]" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" pagination="173 - 192" refId="ref70966" refString="Koh, J. R., J. G. Myoung, and Y. U. Kim. 1997. Morphological study on the fishes of the family Pomacentridae I. A taxonomical revision of the family Pomacentridae (Pisces; Perciformes) from Korea. Korean Journal of Systematic Zoology 13: 173 - 192." type="journal article" year="1997">Koh et al., 1997</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFADFFC597B312C89698FCA5" author="Kavanagh, K. D. &amp; J. M. Leis &amp; D. S. Rennis" box="[1224,1471,737,760]" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" pagination="526 - 535" refId="ref70630" refString="Kavanagh, K. D., J. M. Leis, and D. S. Rennis. 2000. Pomacentridae, p. 526 - 535. In: The Larvae of Indo-Pacific Coastal Fishes: An Identification Guide to Marine Fish Larvae. Fauna Malesiana Handbook 2. J. M. Leis and B. M. Carson-Ewart (eds.). Brill, Leiden, The Netherlands." type="journal article" year="2000">Kavanagh et al., 2000</bibRefCitation>
) and within 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFADFFC590D512D59722FD48" box="[942,1029,767,789]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFADFFC590D512D59722FD48" box="[942,1029,767,789]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="271">Chromis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFADFFC5976D12D59670FD49" author="Randall, J. E. &amp; S. N. Swerdloff" box="[1046,1367,767,789]" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" pagination="327 - 349" refId="ref77532" refString="Randall, J. E., and S. N. Swerdloff. 1973. A review of the damselfish genus Chromis from the Hawaiian Islands, with descriptions of three new species. Pacific Science 27: 327 - 349." type="journal article" year="1973">Randall and Swerdloff, 1973</bibRefCitation>
; Allen, 1975a; 
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFADFFC59020133697BFFD6E" author="Greenfield, D. W. &amp; L. P. Woods" box="[859,1176,796,819]" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" pagination="626 - 641" refId="ref68102" refString="Greenfield, D. W., and L. P. Woods. 1980. Review of the deep-bodied species of Chromis (Pisces: Pomacentridae) from the eastern Pacific, with descriptions of three new species. Copeia 1980: 626 - 641." type="journal article" year="1980">Greenfield and Woods, 1980</bibRefCitation>
). Since its prominent role in the classification proposed by Allen (1975a), the presence of spiniform procurrent rays has been regarded as a diagnostic character for the 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFADFFC5975F135F9782FDD6" baseAuthorityName="sensu Allen" baseAuthorityYear="1975" box="[1060,1189,885,907]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="300" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Chrominae">Chrominae</taxonomicName>
. However, it is now apparent that some non-chromine taxa also possess this feature. 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFADFFC5902013859726FD98" authorityName=", Allen" authorityYear="1999" box="[859,1025,943,965]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Acanthochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFADFFC5902013859726FD98" box="[859,1025,943,965]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="271">Acanthochromis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFADFFC59769138597A5FD98" box="[1042,1154,943,965]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Altrichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFADFFC59769138597A5FD98" box="[1042,1154,943,965]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="271">Altrichthys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFADFFC597BC1385967AFD98" authorityName="Whitley" authorityYear="1929" box="[1223,1373,943,965]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Mecaenichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFADFFC597BC1385967AFD98" box="[1223,1373,943,965]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="271">Mecaenichthys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, three genera previously classified in 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFADFFC5971913E797C5FDBE" baseAuthorityName="sensu Allen" baseAuthorityYear="1975" box="[1122,1250,973,995]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="300" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Chrominae">Chrominae</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFADFFC5965A13E79643FDBF" authorityName="Günther" authorityYear="1862" box="[1313,1380,973,994]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Parma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFADFFC5965A13E79643FDBF" box="[1313,1380,973,994]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="271">Parma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, a genus not historically associated with 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFADFFC597EB13C09637FA5D" baseAuthorityName="sensu Allen" baseAuthorityYear="1975" box="[1168,1296,1002,1024]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="300" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Chrominae">Chrominae</taxonomicName>
, all possess this 
<typeStatus id="F74783C7FFADFFC596B213C196DEFA5D" box="[1481,1529,1003,1024]" pageId="13" pageNumber="271">type</typeStatus>
of ray (Allen, 1975a, 1991; 
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFADFFC597E3142D961DFA43" author="Hensley, D. A." box="[1176,1338,1031,1054]" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" pagination="857 - 863" refId="ref68973" refString="Hensley, D. A. 1986. A new damselfish genus from the Cape Verde Archipelago based on Glyphidodon (Parma) hermani Steindachner, 1887 (Pisces: Pomacentridae). Copeia 1986: 857 - 863." type="journal article" year="1986">Hensley, 1986</bibRefCitation>
). 
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFADFFC5962B142D90AAFA61" author="Hensley, D. A." pageId="13" pageNumber="271" pagination="857 - 863" refId="ref68973" refString="Hensley, D. A. 1986. A new damselfish genus from the Cape Verde Archipelago based on Glyphidodon (Parma) hermani Steindachner, 1887 (Pisces: Pomacentridae). Copeia 1986: 857 - 863." type="journal article" year="1986">Hensley (1986: 861)</bibRefCitation>
reported the presence of protruding procurrent caudal-fin rays in 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFADFFC5909D1469970EFA05" authorityName="Günther" authorityYear="1862" box="[998,1065,1091,1112]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Parma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFADFFC5909D1469970EFA05" box="[998,1065,1091,1112]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="271">Parma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, noting its significance as a diagnostic feature for the subfamily 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFADFFC597FD144A96D2FA2B" authority="(sensu Allen, 1975 a)" baseAuthorityName="sensu Allen" baseAuthorityYear="1975" box="[1158,1525,1119,1142]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Chrominae">
Chrominae (
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFADFFC5966C144A9668FA28" box="[1303,1359,1120,1141]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="271">sensu</emphasis>
Allen, 1975a)
</taxonomicName>
. Cooper et al. (2009) discouraged the use of this character for taxonomic purposes because of its appearance in species outside of 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFADFFC590B61492976DFA93" baseAuthorityName="sensu Allen" baseAuthorityYear="1975" box="[973,1098,1208,1230]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="300" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Chrominae">Chrominae</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFADFFC5972B149397EBFA93" box="[1104,1228,1209,1230]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="271">
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFADFFC5972B149397AFFA93" authorityName="Allen" authorityYear="1975" box="[1104,1160,1209,1230]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Pycnochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sensu">sensu</taxonomicName>
stricto
</emphasis>
. Cooper and Santini (2016) considered it unreliable as a diagnostic character. Although their presence does not characterize 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFADFFC5979514D9964CFB54" baseAuthorityName="sensu Allen" baseAuthorityYear="1975" box="[1262,1387,1267,1289]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="300" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Chrominae">Chrominae</taxonomicName>
as originally constituted, the number of exposed spiniform rays appears to have phylogenetic signal within the subfamily. The character state varies between 0 and 3 rays across the 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFADFFC5963F156196E3FB3C" baseAuthorityName="sensu Allen" baseAuthorityYear="1975" box="[1348,1476,1355,1377]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="300" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Chrominae">Chrominae</taxonomicName>
; this condition has not been reviewed for the entire subfamily and its state is not available for all species so data were compiled from the following: 
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFADFFC5973E158E97F8FBE7" author="Emery, A. R." box="[1093,1247,1443,1466]" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" pagination="49 - 55" refId="ref65699" refString="Emery, A. R. 1968. A new species of Chromis (Pisces: Pomacentridae) from the western North Atlantic. Copeia 1968: 49 - 55." type="journal article" year="1968">Emery (1968)</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFADFFC5979515899082FB8A" author="Greenfield, D. W. &amp; D. A. Hensley" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" pagination="689 - 695" refId="ref68024" refString="Greenfield, D. W., and D. A. Hensley. 1970. Damselfishes (Pomacentridae) of Easter Island, with descriptions of two new species. Copeia 1970: 689 - 695." type="journal article" year="1970">Greenfield and Hensley (1970)</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFADFFC590CB15EA97D3FB8A" author="Randall, J. E. &amp; S. N. Swerdloff" box="[944,1268,1472,1495]" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" pagination="327 - 349" refId="ref77532" refString="Randall, J. E., and S. N. Swerdloff. 1973. A review of the damselfish genus Chromis from the Hawaiian Islands, with descriptions of three new species. Pacific Science 27: 327 - 349." type="journal article" year="1973">Randall and Swerdloff (1973)</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFADFFC5978415EA9082FBA8" author="Randall, J. E. &amp; L. J. McCarthy" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" pagination="133 - 136" refId="ref77352" refString="Randall, J. E., and L. J. McCarthy. 1988. A new damselfish of the genus Chromis (Perciformes: Pomacentridae) from the Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman. Revue Francaise d'Aquariologie Herpetologie 14: 133 - 136." type="journal article" year="1988">Randall and McCarthy (1988)</bibRefCitation>
; Allen (1976, 2018); 
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFADFFC597E815F49681FBAE" author="Randall, H. A. &amp; G. R. Allen" box="[1171,1446,1502,1524]" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" pagination="349 - 385" refId="ref76485" refString="Randall, H. A., and G. R. Allen. 1977. A revision of the damselfish genus Dascyllus (Pomacentridae) with the description of a new species. Records of the Australian Museum 31: 349 - 385." type="journal article" year="1977">Randall and Allen (1977</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFADFFC596C815F496CBFBA8" author="Randall, J. E. &amp; G. R. Allen" box="[1459,1516,1502,1525]" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" pagination="15 - 19" refId="ref76895" refString="Randall, J. E., and G. R. Allen. 1982. Chromis pelloura, a new species of damselfish from the northern Red Sea. Freshwater and Marine Aquarium 5: 15 - 19." type="journal article" year="1982">1982</bibRefCitation>
); Bruner and Arnam (1979); 
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFADFFC597E715D196D2F84F" author="Greenfield, D. W. &amp; L. P. Woods" box="[1180,1525,1531,1554]" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" pagination="626 - 641" refId="ref68102" refString="Greenfield, D. W., and L. P. Woods. 1980. Review of the deep-bodied species of Chromis (Pisces: Pomacentridae) from the eastern Pacific, with descriptions of three new species. Copeia 1980: 626 - 641." type="journal article" year="1980">Greenfield and Woods (1980)</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFADFFC59020163397E3F872" author="Smith-Vaniz, W. F. &amp; A. R. Emery" box="[859,1220,1560,1583]" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" pagination="204 - 212" refId="ref79865" refString="Smith-Vaniz, W. F., and A. R. Emery. 1980. Redescription and synonymy of the western Atlantic damselfish Chromis flavicauda (Gunther). Bulletin of Marine Science 30: 204 - 212." type="journal article" year="1980">Smith-Vaniz and Emery (1980)</bibRefCitation>
; Allen and Randall (1981, 1985, 2004a); 
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFADFFC59087161C97C5F810" author="Randall, J. E. &amp; H. Ida &amp; J. T. Moyer" box="[1020,1250,1590,1613]" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" pagination="203 - 242" refId="ref77301" refString="Randall, J. E., H. Ida, and J. T. Moyer. 1981. A review of the damselfishes of the genus Chromis from Japan and Taiwan, with description of a new species. Japanese Journal of Ichthyology 28: 203 - 242." type="journal article" year="1981">Randall et al. (1981)</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFADFFC59794161D9082F837" author="Emery, A. R. &amp; W. F. Smith-Vaniz" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" pagination="151 - 162" refId="ref65960" refString="Emery, A. R., and W. F. Smith-Vaniz. 1982. Geographic variation and redescription of the western Atlantic damselfish Chromis enchrysura Jordan and Gilbert (Pisces: Pomacentridae). Bulletin of Marine Science 32: 151 - 162." type="journal article" year="1982">Emery and Smith-Vaniz (1982)</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFADFFC590C8167E9759F837" author="Shao, K. - T. &amp; K. - H. Chang &amp; W. Chang" box="[947,1150,1619,1642]" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" pagination="39 - 46" refId="ref79153" refString="Shao, K. - T., K. - H. Chang, and W. Chang. 1985. Notes on the six new records of damselfishes (Pisces: Pomacentridae) from Taiwan. Journal of Taiwan Museum 38: 39 - 46." type="journal article" year="1985">Shao et al. (1985)</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFADFFC597F6167E961BF837" author="Edwards, A." box="[1165,1340,1619,1642]" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" pagination="181 - 207" refId="ref65505" refString="Edwards, A. 1986. A new damselfish, Chromis lubbocki (Teleostei: Pomacentridae) from the Cape Verde Archipelago, with notes on other Eastern Atlantic pomacentrids. Zoologische Mededelingen 60: 181 - 207." type="journal article" year="1986">Edwards (1986)</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFADFFC59631167E96D2F834" author="Randall, J. E." box="[1354,1525,1620,1642]" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" pagination="49 - 56" refId="ref76618" refString="Randall, J. E. 1988 a. Three new damselfishes of the genus Chromis (Perciformes: Pomacentridae) from the Indian Ocean. Revue Francaise d'Aquariologie Herpetologie 15: 49 - 56." type="journal article" year="1988">Randall (1988a</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFADFFC59020165B9085F8DA" author="Randall, J. E." box="[859,930,1649,1671]" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" pagination="73 - 81" refId="ref76654" refString="Randall, J. E. 1988 b. Three new Indo-Pacific damselfishes of the genus Chromis (Pomacentridae). Memoirs of the Museum of Victoria 49: 73 - 81." type="journal article" year="1988">1988b</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFADFFC590CA165B90CDF8DB" author="Randall, J. E." box="[945,1002,1649,1670]" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" pagination="39 - 48" refId="ref76687" refString="Randall, J. E. 1994. Two new damselfishes (Perciformes: Pomacentridae) from Arabian waters. Revue Francaise d'Aquariologie Herpetologie 21: 39 - 48." type="journal article" year="1994">1994</bibRefCitation>
, 2001); 
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFADFFC59731165B9651F8D5" author="Randall, J. E. &amp; W. I. Follett" box="[1098,1398,1649,1672]" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" pagination="847 - 849" refId="ref77257" refString="Randall, J. E., and W. I. Follett. 1989. Diagnosis of the Hawaiian pomacentrid fish Chromis ovalis and its juvenile stages, with discussion of its challenged specific name. Copeia 1989: 847 - 849." type="journal article" year="1989">Randall and Follett (1989)</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFADFFC596FE165B971EF8F8" author="Yamakawa, T. &amp; J. E. Randall" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" pagination="299 - 302" refId="ref83000" refString="Yamakawa, T., and J. E. Randall. 1989. Chromis okamurai, a new damselfish from the Okinawa Trough, Japan. Japanese Journal of Ichthyology 36: 299 - 302." type="journal article" year="1989">Yamakawa and Randall (1989)</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFADFFC5973116A49686F8F8" author="Randall, J. E. &amp; J. E. McCosker" box="[1098,1441,1678,1701]" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" pagination="329 - 337" refId="ref77399" refString="Randall, J. E., and J. E. McCosker. 1992. Two new damselfishes of the genus Chromis (Perciformes: Pomacentridae) from the South Pacific. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (Series 4) 47: 329 - 337." type="journal article" year="1992">Randall and McCosker (1992)</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFADFFC596CA16A59082F89F" author="Moura, R. L." pageId="13" pageNumber="271" pagination="91 - 96" refId="ref74180" refString="Moura, R. L. 1995 [1994]. A new species of Chromis (Perciformes: Pomacentridae) from the southeastern coast of Brazil, with comments on other species of the genus. Revue Francaise d'Aquariologie Herpetologie 21: 91 - 96." type="journal article" year="1995">Moura (1995)</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFADFFC590CF168697CBF89F" author="Randall, J. E. &amp; H. A. Randall" box="[948,1260,1707,1730]" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" pagination="61 - 67" refId="ref77449" refString="Randall, J. E., and H. A. Randall. 2001. Dascyllus auripinnis, a new pomacentrid fish from atolls of the Central Pacific Ocean. Zoological Studies 40: 61 - 67." type="journal article" year="2001">Randall and Randall (2001)</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFADFFC5978016869082F8BD" author="Lecchini, D. &amp; J. T. Williams" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" pagination="97 - 102" refId="ref71315" refString="Lecchini, D., and J. T. Williams. 2004. Description of a new species of damselfish (Pomacentridae: Chromis) from Rapa Island, French Polynesia. Aqua, Journal of Ichthyology and Aquatic Biology 8: 97 - 102." type="journal article" year="2004">Lecchini and Williams (2004)</bibRefCitation>
; Allen and Erdmann (2005, 2008a, 2009a, 2014); 
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFADFFC5902016CD97F1F8A0" author="McEachran, J. D. &amp; J. D. Fechhelm" box="[859,1238,1766,1789]" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" refId="ref73306" refString="McEachran, J. D., and J. D. Fechhelm. 2005. Fishes of the Gulf of Mexico, Volume 2: Scorpaeniformes to Tetraodontiformes. University of Texas Press, Austin, Texas." type="book" year="2005">McEachran and Fechhelm (2005)</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFADFFC5979F16CD96D2F8A0" author="Senou, H. &amp; T. Kudo" box="[1252,1525,1766,1789]" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" pagination="51 - 57" refId="ref79029" refString="Senou, H., and T. Kudo. 2007. A new species of the genus Chromis (Perciformes: Pomacentridae) from Taiwan and Japan. Bulletin of the National Museum of Natural Science, Series A, Supplement 1: 51 - 57." type="journal article" year="2007">Senou and Kudo (2007)</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFADFFC59020172E9708F947" author="Pyle, R. L. &amp; J. L. Earle &amp; B. D. Greene" box="[859,1071,1795,1818]" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" pagination="3 - 31" refId="ref76100" refString="Pyle, R. L., J. L. Earle, and B. D. Greene. 2008. Five new species of the damselfish genus Chromis (Perciformes: Labroidei: Pomacentridae) from deep coral reefs in the tropical western Pacific. Zootaxa 1671: 3 - 31." type="journal article" year="2008">Pyle et al. (2008)</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFADFFC59739172E960BF947" author="Quero, J. - C. &amp; J. Spitz &amp; J. - J. Vayne" box="[1090,1324,1795,1818]" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" pagination="321 - 326" refId="ref76242" refString="Quero, J. - C., J. Spitz, and J. - J. Vayne. 2010. Chromis durvillei: une nouvelle espece de Pomacentridae de l'ile de la Reunion (France, ocean Indien) et premier signalement pour l'ile de Chromis axillaris. Cybium 33: 321 - 326." type="journal article" year="2010">Quéro et al. (2010)</bibRefCitation>
; Aguilar-Medrano (2013); 
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFADFFC590C9170B963EF965" author="Iwatsubo, H. &amp; H. Motomura" box="[946,1305,1825,1848]" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" pagination="193 - 213" refId="ref69880" refString="Iwatsubo, H., and H. Motomura. 2013. Redescriptions of Chromis notata (Temminck and Schlegel, 1843) and C. kennensis Whitley, 1964 with the description of a new species of Chromis (Perciformes: Pomacentridae). Species Diversity 18: 193 - 213." type="journal article" year="2013">Iwatsubo and Motomura (2013)</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFADFFC5965D170B90FEF908" author="Randall, J. E. &amp; J. D. DiBattista" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" pagination="1 - 16" refId="ref77176" refString="Randall, J. E., and J. D. DiBattista. 2013. A new species of damselfish (Pomacentridae) from the Indian Ocean. Aqua, International Journal of Ichthyology 19: 1 - 16." type="journal article" year="2013">Randall and DiBattista (2013)</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFADFFC59098171597C6F908" author="Motomura, H. &amp; H. Nishiyama &amp; S. N. Chiba" box="[995,1249,1854,1877]" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" pagination="177 - 191" refId="ref74134" refString="Motomura, H., H. Nishiyama, and S. N. Chiba. 2017. Review of the Chromis xanthura species group (Perciformes: Pomacentridae), with description of a new species. Ichthyological Research 65: 177 - 191." type="journal article" year="2017">Motomura et al. (2017)</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFADFFC5979017159687F908" author="Yoshigou, H." box="[1259,1440,1854,1877]" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" pagination="55 - 153" refId="ref83037" refString="Yoshigou, H. 2017. The pomacentrid fishes preserved in the Hiwa Museum for Natural History (Osteichthyes: Acanthopterygii: Pomacentridae). Miscellaneous Reports of the Hiwa Museum for Natural History 58: 55 - 153." type="journal article" year="2017">Yoshigou (2017)</bibRefCitation>
; Arango et al. (2019); 
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFADFFC5908C17779794F92E" author="Tea, Y. - K. &amp; A. C. Gill &amp; H. Senou" box="[1015,1203,1884,1907]" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" pagination="249 - 260" refId="ref81264" refString="Tea, Y. - K., A. C. Gill, and H. Senou. 2019. Chromis tingting, a new species of damselfish from mesophotic coral ecosystems of southern Japan, with notes on C. mirationis Tanaka (Teleostei: Pomacentridae). Zootaxa 4586: 249 - 260." type="journal article" year="2019">Tea et al. (2019)</bibRefCitation>
; Allen and Erdmann (2020); 
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFADFFC5902017539775F9CD" author="Shepherd, B. &amp; H. T. Pinheiro &amp; T. A. Y. Phelps &amp; E. E. Easton &amp; A. Perez-Matus &amp; L. A. Rocha" box="[859,1106,1913,1936]" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" pagination="326 - 332" refId="ref79248" refString="Shepherd, B., H. T. Pinheiro, T. A. Y. Phelps, E. E. Easton, A. Perez-Matus, and L. A. Rocha. 2020. A new species of Chromis (Teleostei: Pomacentridae) from mesophotic coral ecosystems of Rapa Nui (Easter Island) and Salas y Gomez, Chile. Copeia 108: 326 - 332." type="journal article" year="2020">Shepherd et al. (2020)</bibRefCitation>
. The presence of two spiniform rays is widespread across the subfamily, whereas the presence of three spiniform rays appears mostly confined to the subgenus 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFADFFC590B617FB9703F9BA" box="[973,1060,2001,2023]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFADFFC590B617FB9703F9BA" box="[973,1060,2001,2023]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="271">Chromis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see below) within 
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFADFFC5967517FB96D5F9BA" box="[1294,1522,2001,2023]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="271">
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFADFFC5967517FB968EF9BA" box="[1294,1449,2001,2023]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sensu">
Chromis 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="01BB5C0CFFADFFC5960A17F8968EF9BA" box="[1393,1449,2002,2023]" pageId="13" pageNumber="271" sensu="stricto">sensu</taxonomicNameLabel>
</taxonomicName>
stricto
</emphasis>
. However, three spiniform rays are also observed elsewhere (e.g., 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFAEFFC693D710FB9270FEBB" authorityName="Welander &amp; Schultz" authorityYear="1951" box="[172,343,208,230]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="272" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atripectoralis">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFAEFFC693D710FB9270FEBB" box="[172,343,208,230]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="272">C. atripectoralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFAEFFC6921510FB92DFFEBB" authorityName="Randall" authorityYear="1994" box="[366,504,208,230]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="272" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flavaxilla">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFAEFFC6921510FB92DFFEBB" box="[366,504,208,230]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="272">C. flavaxilla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFAEFFC6917510FA9027FEB8" author="Randall, J. E. &amp; H. Ida &amp; J. T. Moyer" box="[526,768,208,230]" pageId="14" pageNumber="272" pagination="203 - 242" refId="ref77301" refString="Randall, J. E., H. Ida, and J. T. Moyer. 1981. A review of the damselfishes of the genus Chromis from Japan and Taiwan, with description of a new species. Japanese Journal of Ichthyology 28: 203 - 242." type="journal article" year="1981">Randall et al., 1981</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFAEFFC6931C10C49224FF59" author="Randall, J. E." box="[103,259,237,260]" pageId="14" pageNumber="272" pagination="39 - 48" refId="ref76687" refString="Randall, J. E. 1994. Two new damselfishes (Perciformes: Pomacentridae) from Arabian waters. Revue Francaise d'Aquariologie Herpetologie 21: 39 - 48." type="journal article" year="1994">Randall, 1994</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="28433D65FFAEFFC69304112192F6FD2D" blockId="14.[103,774,179,1470]" pageId="14" pageNumber="272">
The majority of the species within the subfamily possess XII dorsal-fin spines. Except for 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFAEFFC692A211039188FF1D" authority="(XIII)" baseAuthorityName="XIII" box="[473,687,297,320]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="272" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFAEFFC692A21103914DFF62" box="[473,618,297,319]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="272">A. brevirostris</emphasis>
(XIII)
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFAEFFC69195110393EBFF01" authorityName="Heller &amp; Snodgrass" authorityYear="1903" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Azurina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="272" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eupalama">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFAEFFC69195110393EBFF01" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="272">A. eupalama</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(XIII–XIV), species of 
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFAEFFC692A9116D91BFFF01" box="[466,664,326,348]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="272">
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFAEFFC692A9116D9141FF01" box="[466,614,327,348]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Azurina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="272" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sensu">
Azurina 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="01BB5C0CFFAEFFC69155116D9141FF01" box="[558,614,327,348]" pageId="14" pageNumber="272" sensu="lato">sensu</taxonomicNameLabel>
</taxonomicName>
lato
</emphasis>
have XII dorsal spines (Allen, 1991; 
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFAEFFC692E6114E917EFF27" author="Pyle, R. L. &amp; J. L. Earle &amp; B. D. Greene" box="[413,601,355,378]" pageId="14" pageNumber="272" pagination="3 - 31" refId="ref76100" refString="Pyle, R. L., J. L. Earle, and B. D. Greene. 2008. Five new species of the damselfish genus Chromis (Perciformes: Labroidei: Pomacentridae) from deep coral reefs in the tropical western Pacific. Zootaxa 1671: 3 - 31." type="journal article" year="2008">Pyle et al., 2008</bibRefCitation>
). All species of 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFAEFFC6931C11AB93EDFFCA" authorityName="Cuvier" authorityYear="1829" box="[103,202,385,407]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Dascyllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="272" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFAEFFC6931C11AB93EDFFCA" box="[103,202,385,407]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="272">Dascyllus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
exhibit XII spines (Allen, 1991). All species of 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFAEFFC6931C11B493D3FFE9" authorityName="Fowler" authorityYear="1941" box="[103,244,414,436]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Pycnochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="272" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFAEFFC6931C11B493D3FFE9" box="[103,244,414,436]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="272">Pycnochromis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
display XII spines, at least modally (sometimes XI in 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFAEFFC693D71197923BFF8F" baseAuthorityName="Allen &amp; Erdmann" baseAuthorityYear="2014" box="[172,284,444,466]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Pycnochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="272" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="howsoni">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFAEFFC693D71197923BFF8F" box="[172,284,444,466]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="272">P. howsoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, sometimes XIII in 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFAEFFC691791197915FFF8F" baseAuthorityName="Randall" baseAuthorityYear="2001" box="[514,632,444,466]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Pycnochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="272" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="abruptus">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFAEFFC691791197915FFF8F" box="[514,632,444,466]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="272">P. abruptus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFAEFFC691F3119791C5FF8F" authorityName="Randall &amp; Swerdloff" authorityYear="1973" box="[648,738,445,466]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="272" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acares">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFAEFFC691F3119791C5FF8F" box="[648,738,445,466]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="272">P. acares</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFAEFFC6918811979387FFB2" baseAuthorityName="Randall, Ida &amp; Moyer" baseAuthorityYear="1981" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Pycnochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="272" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alleni">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFAEFFC6918811979387FFB2" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="272">P. alleni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFAEFFC693CE11F0926FFFB2" baseAuthorityName="Randall" baseAuthorityYear="1988" box="[181,328,473,495]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Pycnochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="272" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ovatiformis">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFAEFFC693CE11F0926FFFB2" box="[181,328,473,495]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="272">P. ovatiformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; Allen, 1991; 
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFAEFFC6928311F09387FC50" author="Randall, J. E. &amp; J. E. McCosker" pageId="14" pageNumber="272" pagination="329 - 337" refId="ref77399" refString="Randall, J. E., and J. E. McCosker. 1992. Two new damselfishes of the genus Chromis (Perciformes: Pomacentridae) from the South Pacific. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (Series 4) 47: 329 - 337." type="journal article" year="1992">Randall and McCosker, 1992</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFAEFFC693D711DD9262FC50" author="Randall, J. E. &amp; H. A. Randall" box="[172,325,503,525]" pageId="14" pageNumber="272" pagination="61 - 67" refId="ref77449" refString="Randall, J. E., and H. A. Randall. 2001. Dascyllus auripinnis, a new pomacentrid fish from atolls of the Central Pacific Ocean. Zoological Studies 40: 61 - 67." type="journal article" year="2001">Randall, 2001</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFAEFFC6922A11DD91A9FC50" author="Randall, J. E. &amp; J. D. DiBattista" box="[337,654,503,525]" pageId="14" pageNumber="272" pagination="1 - 16" refId="ref77176" refString="Randall, J. E., and J. D. DiBattista. 2013. A new species of damselfish (Pomacentridae) from the Indian Ocean. Aqua, International Journal of Ichthyology 19: 1 - 16." type="journal article" year="2013">Randall and DiBattista, 2013</bibRefCitation>
; Allen and Erdmann, 2014). The species of 
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFAEFFC692B9123F91BCFC76" box="[450,667,533,555]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="272">
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFAEFFC692B9123F9170FC76" box="[450,599,533,555]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="272" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sensu">
Chromis 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="01BB5C0CFFAEFFC69164123C9170FC76" box="[543,599,534,555]" pageId="14" pageNumber="272" sensu="stricto">sensu</taxonomicNameLabel>
</taxonomicName>
stricto
</emphasis>
show the most variation, ranging from XII to XV. The species of the subgenus 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFAEFFC693AF12659246FC38" box="[212,353,591,613]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="272" phylum="Chordata" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Hoplochromis">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFAEFFC693AF12659246FC38" box="[212,353,591,613]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="272">Hoplochromis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see below) modally have XII (
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFAEFFC691CB127A93D5FCDF" author="Randall, J. E. &amp; H. Ida &amp; J. T. Moyer" pageId="14" pageNumber="272" pagination="203 - 242" refId="ref77301" refString="Randall, J. E., H. Ida, and J. T. Moyer. 1981. A review of the damselfishes of the genus Chromis from Japan and Taiwan, with description of a new species. Japanese Journal of Ichthyology 28: 203 - 242." type="journal article" year="1981">Randall et al., 1981</bibRefCitation>
; Allen, 1991; 
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFAEFFC692E412479166FCD9" author="Randall, J. E." box="[415,577,621,644]" pageId="14" pageNumber="272" pagination="39 - 48" refId="ref76687" refString="Randall, J. E. 1994. Two new damselfishes (Perciformes: Pomacentridae) from Arabian waters. Revue Francaise d'Aquariologie Herpetologie 21: 39 - 48." type="journal article" year="1994">Randall, 1994</bibRefCitation>
). The remaining members of 
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFAEFFC6938A12A092EAFCFD" box="[241,461,650,673]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="272">
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFAEFFC6938A12A092A0FCFC" box="[241,391,650,673]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Chromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="272" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sensu">
Chromis 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="01BB5C0CFFAEFFC6923412A692A0FCFC" box="[335,391,652,673]" pageId="14" pageNumber="272" sensu="stricto">sensu</taxonomicNameLabel>
</taxonomicName>
stricto
</emphasis>
generally have XIII or more dorsal spines (
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFAEFFC6927D128292BCFCE0" author="Griffin, L. T." box="[262,411,680,702]" pageId="14" pageNumber="272" pagination="245 - 256" refId="ref68149" refString="Griffin, L. T. 1923. Additions to the fish fauna of New Zealand. Transactions of the New Zealand Institute 54: 245 - 256." type="journal article" year="1923">Griffin, 1923</bibRefCitation>
; Allen, 1991, 2018; 
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFAEFFC6910412829205FC86" author="Randall, J. E. &amp; J. E. McCosker" pageId="14" pageNumber="272" pagination="329 - 337" refId="ref77399" refString="Randall, J. E., and J. E. McCosker. 1992. Two new damselfishes of the genus Chromis (Perciformes: Pomacentridae) from the South Pacific. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (Series 4) 47: 329 - 337." type="journal article" year="1992">Randall and McCosker, 1992</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFAEFFC6924E12EC92ECFC81" author="Moura, R. L." box="[309,459,710,732]" pageId="14" pageNumber="272" pagination="91 - 96" refId="ref74180" refString="Moura, R. L. 1995 [1994]. A new species of Chromis (Perciformes: Pomacentridae) from the southeastern coast of Brazil, with comments on other species of the genus. Revue Francaise d'Aquariologie Herpetologie 21: 91 - 96." type="journal article" year="1995">Moura, 1995</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFAEFFC692A512EC9158FC86" author="Randall, J. E. &amp; H. A. Randall" box="[478,639,710,732]" pageId="14" pageNumber="272" pagination="61 - 67" refId="ref77449" refString="Randall, J. E., and H. A. Randall. 2001. Dascyllus auripinnis, a new pomacentrid fish from atolls of the Central Pacific Ocean. Zoological Studies 40: 61 - 67." type="journal article" year="2001">Randall, 2001</bibRefCitation>
; Allen and Randall, 2004a; 
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFAEFFC6925312C99159FCA5" author="Lecchini, D. &amp; J. T. Williams" box="[296,638,739,761]" pageId="14" pageNumber="272" pagination="97 - 102" refId="ref71315" refString="Lecchini, D., and J. T. Williams. 2004. Description of a new species of damselfish (Pomacentridae: Chromis) from Rapa Island, French Polynesia. Aqua, Journal of Ichthyology and Aquatic Biology 8: 97 - 102." type="journal article" year="2004">Lecchini and Williams, 2004</bibRefCitation>
; Allen and Erdmann, 2005, 2008a, 2009a; 
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFAEFFC692B3132B91EDFD4B" author="Senou, H. &amp; T. Kudo" box="[456,714,769,791]" pageId="14" pageNumber="272" pagination="51 - 57" refId="ref79029" refString="Senou, H., and T. Kudo. 2007. A new species of the genus Chromis (Perciformes: Pomacentridae) from Taiwan and Japan. Bulletin of the National Museum of Natural Science, Series A, Supplement 1: 51 - 57." type="journal article" year="2007">Senou and Kudo, 2007</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFAEFFC691AC132B93CAFD6E" author="Pyle, R. L. &amp; J. L. Earle &amp; B. D. Greene" pageId="14" pageNumber="272" pagination="3 - 31" refId="ref76100" refString="Pyle, R. L., J. L. Earle, and B. D. Greene. 2008. Five new species of the damselfish genus Chromis (Perciformes: Labroidei: Pomacentridae) from deep coral reefs in the tropical western Pacific. Zootaxa 1671: 3 - 31." type="journal article" year="2008">Pyle et al., 2008</bibRefCitation>
; 
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).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="28433D65FFAEFFC69304135D9197FBE3" blockId="14.[103,774,179,1470]" pageId="14" pageNumber="272">
Other morphological characters may be phylogenetically informative, but a thorough review of these characters will be necessary to assay their phylogenetic utility. The presence of the ceratomandibular ligament has been interpreted as a synapomorphy of the family as a whole (
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFAEFFC6912013C79027FA5F" author="Stiassny, M. L. J." box="[603,768,1005,1027]" pageId="14" pageNumber="272" pagination="275 - 314" refId="ref80302" refString="Stiassny, M. L. J. 1981. The phyletic status of the family Cichlidae (Pisces, Perciformes): a comparative anatomical investigation. Netherlands Journal of Zoology 31: 275 - 314." type="journal article" year="1981">Stiassny, 1981</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFAEFFC6931C14209240FA42" author="Frederich, B. &amp; D. Olivier &amp; G. Litsios &amp; M. E. Alfaro &amp; E. Parmentier" box="[103,359,1034,1056]" pageId="14" pageNumber="272" pagination="20141047" refId="ref66690" refString="Frederich, B., D. Olivier, G. Litsios, M. E. Alfaro, and E. Parmentier. 2014. Trait decoupling promotes evolutionary diversification of the trophic and acoustic system of damselfishes. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 281: 20141047." type="journal article" year="2014">Frédérich et al., 2014</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFAEFFC6920114209179FA7C" author="Olivier, D. &amp; B. Frederich &amp; E. Parmentier" box="[378,606,1034,1057]" pageId="14" pageNumber="272" pagination="295 - 313" refId="ref75401" refString="Olivier, D., B. Frederich, and E. Parmentier. 2016. Ceratomandibular ligament: a key trait in damselfishes?, p. 295 - 313. In: Biology of Damselfishes. B. Frederich and E. Parmentier (eds.). CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida." type="book chapter" year="2016">Olivier et al., 2016</bibRefCitation>
) and there is considerable variation in the condition within the subfamily 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFAEFFC6931C146F93C0FA06" baseAuthorityName="sensu Allen" baseAuthorityYear="1975" box="[103,231,1093,1115]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="272" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Chrominae">Chrominae</taxonomicName>
, but the ligament has been either lost and/or regained independently multiple times among chromines (
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFAEFFC6931514AA9246FAC8" author="Frederich, B. &amp; D. Olivier &amp; G. Litsios &amp; M. E. Alfaro &amp; E. Parmentier" box="[110,353,1152,1174]" pageId="14" pageNumber="272" pagination="20141047" refId="ref66690" refString="Frederich, B., D. Olivier, G. Litsios, M. E. Alfaro, and E. Parmentier. 2014. Trait decoupling promotes evolutionary diversification of the trophic and acoustic system of damselfishes. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 281: 20141047." type="journal article" year="2014">Frédérich et al., 2014</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 2). As a result, the phylogenetic significance of its loss is difficult to determine. Tooth shape is a trait with a long history in damselfish taxonomy, where putative chromines were diagnosed on the basis of conical teeth (e.g., Bleeker, 1877; 
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFAEFFC692D314DC9177FB56" author="Whitley, G. P." box="[424,592,1270,1292]" pageId="14" pageNumber="272" pagination="207 - 246" refId="ref82449" refString="Whitley, G. P. 1929. Some fishes of the order Amphiprioniformes. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 9: 207 - 246." type="journal article" year="1929">Whitley, 1929</bibRefCitation>
; Aoyagi, 1941; 
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<collectingRegion id="EA38F387FFAEFFC6931C153E938BFB77" box="[103,172,1300,1322]" country="Bermuda" name="Smith's" pageId="14" pageNumber="272">Smith</collectingRegion>
, 1949
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFAEFFC69277153E929FFB74" author="Norman, J. R." box="[268,440,1299,1321]" pageId="14" pageNumber="272" pagination="1944" refId="ref75040" refString="Norman, J. R. 1957. A Draft Synopsis of the Orders, Families and Genera of Recent Fishes and Fish-like Vertebrates (excluding Ostariophysi, Scleroparei, Ammodytidae and a Few Other Families, Notably Centrarchidae, Percidae and Cichlidae) Covering Literature up to 1938, and, as Far as It Was Available to the Author, from 1939 to 1944. British Museum (Natural History), London." type="journal article" year="1957">Norman, 1957</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFAEFFC692B7153E9027FB74" author="Woods, L. P. &amp; L. P. Schultz" box="[460,768,1299,1322]" pageId="14" pageNumber="272" pagination="47 - 120" refId="ref82838" refString="Woods, L. P., and L. P. Schultz. 1960. Pomacentridae, p. 47 - 120. In: Fishes of the Marshall and Marianas Islands. Volume 2. Families from Mullidae through Stromateidae. L. P. Schultz, W. M. Chapman, E. A. Lachner, and L. P. Woods (eds.). United States Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C." type="book chapter" year="1960">Woods and Schultz, 1960</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFAEFFC6931C151B922AFB1A" author="Marshall, T. C." box="[103,269,1329,1351]" pageId="14" pageNumber="272" refId="ref73009" refString="Marshall, T. C. 1964. Fishes of the Great Barrier Reef and Coastal Waters of Queensland. Angus and Robertson, Brisbane." type="book" year="1964">Marshall, 1964</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="4C6D4094FFAEFFC69263151B92C8FB15" author="Masuda, H. &amp; C. Araga &amp; T. Yoshino" box="[280,495,1329,1352]" pageId="14" pageNumber="272" refId="ref73120" refString="Masuda, H., C. Araga, and T. Yoshino. 1975. Coastal Fishes of Southern Japan. Tokai University Press, Tokyo." type="book" year="1975">Masuda et al., 1975</bibRefCitation>
). However, the condition of the teeth is highly variable within the subfamily and across the family. Several non-chromine taxa also possess similarly shaped teeth (e.g., 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFAEFFC692BF15A3914BFBC2" authorityName=", Allen" authorityYear="1999" box="[452,620,1417,1439]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Acanthochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="272" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFAEFFC692BF15A3914BFBC2" box="[452,620,1417,1439]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="272">Acanthochromis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFAEFFC691F815A391D9FBC2" box="[643,766,1417,1439]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Amphiprion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="272" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFAEFFC691F815A391D9FBC2" box="[643,766,1417,1439]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="272">Amphiprion</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="EFFC46E6FFAEFFC6931C158D93C4FBE0" authorityName="Günther" authorityYear="1862" box="[103,227,1447,1469]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Pomacentridae" genus="Lepidozygus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="272" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1A88E177FFAEFFC6931C158D93C4FBE0" box="[103,227,1447,1469]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="272">Lepidozygus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; Allen, 1972, 1975a, 1991; Emery, 1980).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>