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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.225.98247" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-225-99" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FA08765F67B85E7A8E4A988D3C83090F" ModsDocID="1314-2003-225-99" checkinTime="1682545347651" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Yang, Feng, Wang, Ting-Ting, Wang, Yue-Hua &amp; Wang, Huan-Chong" docDate="2023" docId="51F0024F3E3357C996C09A4D025BA253" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 225: 99-113" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 225" docPubDate="2023-04-26" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.225.98247" docTitle="Silene ophioglossa Huan C. Wang &amp; Feng Yang 2023, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" id="FA08765F67B85E7A8E4A988D3C83090F" lastPageNumber="99" masterDocId="FA08765F67B85E7A8E4A988D3C83090F" masterDocTitle="Silene ophioglossa (Caryophyllaceae, Sileneae), a new species from southwest China" masterLastPageNumber="113" masterPageNumber="99" pageNumber="99" updateTime="1682545648546" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Silene ophioglossa (Caryophyllaceae, Sileneae), a new species from southwest China</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Yang, Feng</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Wang, Ting-Ting</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Wang, Yue-Hua</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">wangyh58212@126.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Wang, Huan-Chong</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8562-8849</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">hchwang@ynu.edu.cn</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
<mods:date>2023</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2023-04-26</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>225</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>99</mods:start>
<mods:end>113</mods:end>
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<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.225.98247</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.225.98247</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-225-99</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">FA08765F67B85E7A8E4A988D3C83090F</mods:identifier>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:51F0024F3E3357C996C09A4D025BA253" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/51F0024F3E3357C996C09A4D025BA253" lastPageNumber="99" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
<taxonomicName LSID="51F0024F-3E33-57C9-96C0-9A4D025BA253" authority="Huan C. Wang &amp; Feng Yang" authorityName="Huan C. Wang &amp; Feng Yang" authorityYear="2023" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Silene" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Silene ophioglossa" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ophioglossa" status="sp. nov.">Silene ophioglossa Huan C. Wang &amp; Feng Yang</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="99">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Silene ophioglossa sp. nov. (Drawn by Tingting Wang) A habit B flower (front view) C adaxial surface of leaf D petal E pistil and androgynophore F seed." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.225.98247.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/842810" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Figs 1</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Silene ophioglossa sp. nov. (Photographed by F. Yang) A habit B abaxial surface of leaf C adaxial surface of leaf D roots E dichasial cymes F flower (side view, showing the calyx) G flower (front view) H dissected flower (showing the androgynophore and claws) I pistil and androgynophore J petal (showing the claw, auricles and coronal scales) K immature capsule L seeds." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.225.98247.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/842811" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">, 2</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
<typeStatus>Type</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2022-06-17" collectorName="F. Yang" country="China" county="Binchuan County" elevation="2198" latitude="25.970446" location="Maojiaoshan Mountain" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="100.70229" municipality="Pingchuan Town" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Yunnan Province" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingCountry name="China">China</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion country="China" name="Yunnan">Yunnan Province</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingCounty>Binchuan County</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality>Pingchuan Town</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:51F0024F3E3357C996C09A4D025BA253:DD5068A776CD6FBDAEAE0EE90DF4F3D1" country="China" county="Binchuan County" latitude="25.970446" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="100.70229" municipality="Pingchuan Town" name="Maojiaoshan Mountain" stateProvince="Yunnan Province">Maojiaoshan Mountain</location>
, alt.
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.198" unit="m" value="2198.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.198" unit="m" value="2198.0">2198 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="25" direction="north" minutes="58" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="13.6" value="25.970446">25°58'13.6&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="100" direction="east" minutes="42" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="8.28" value="100.70229">100°42'8.28&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, under a walnut forest by a ravine stream,
<collectingDate value="2022-06-17">17 June 2022</collectingDate>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
<collectorName>F. Yang</collectorName>
et al. BC17342
</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus>holotype</typeStatus>
YUKU-02074705!; isotypes YUKU-02074706!, PE!, HITBC!)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.225.98247.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/842810" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" start="Figure 1" startId="F1">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Figure 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Huan C. Wang &amp; Feng Yang" authorityYear="2023" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Silene" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Silene ophioglossa" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ophioglossa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Silene ophioglossa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. (Drawn by Tingting Wang)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">A</emphasis>
habit
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">B</emphasis>
flower (front view)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">C</emphasis>
adaxial surface of leaf
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">D</emphasis>
petal
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">E</emphasis>
pistil and androgynophore
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">F</emphasis>
seed.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.225.98247.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/842811" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Figure 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Huan C. Wang &amp; Feng Yang" authorityYear="2023" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Silene" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Silene ophioglossa" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ophioglossa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Silene ophioglossa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. (Photographed by F. Yang)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">A</emphasis>
habit
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">B</emphasis>
abaxial surface of leaf
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">C</emphasis>
adaxial surface of leaf
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">D</emphasis>
roots
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">E</emphasis>
dichasial cymes
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">F</emphasis>
flower (side view, showing the calyx)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">G</emphasis>
flower (front view)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">H</emphasis>
dissected flower (showing the androgynophore and claws)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">I</emphasis>
pistil and androgynophore
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">J</emphasis>
petal (showing the claw, auricles and coronal scales)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">K</emphasis>
immature capsule
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">L</emphasis>
seeds.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Huan C. Wang &amp; Feng Yang" authorityYear="2023" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Silene" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Silene ophioglossa" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ophioglossa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Silene ophioglossa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is morphologically similar to
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. phoenicodonta" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="species" species="phoenicodonta">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">S. phoenicodonta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Silene phoenicodonta (Photographed by F. Yang and H. C. Wang) A habit B adaxial surface of leaf C abaxial surface of leaf D dissected flower (showing the androgynophore and claws) E roots F flower (side view, showing the calyx and pedicel) G flower (front view) H petal (showing the claw, auricles and coronal scales) I styles and immature capsule J calyx after anthesis K seeds." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.225.98247.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/842812" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">3</figureCitation>
), but clearly differs from the latter in having 5-7 mm (vs. 6-8 mm) long calyces sparsely hirtellous and short glandular hairs (vs. densely hirtellous and with short glandular hairs), white (vs. dark violet) petals, linear (vs. obovate) limbs and linear (vs. ovate or nearly band-shaped) lobes, absent or oblong-linear (vs. orbicular-linear) coronal scales.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.225.98247.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/842812" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Figure 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Silene" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Silene phoenicodonta" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="phoenicodonta">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Silene phoenicodonta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Photographed by F. Yang and H. C. Wang)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">A</emphasis>
habit
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">B</emphasis>
adaxial surface of leaf
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">C</emphasis>
abaxial surface of leaf
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">D</emphasis>
dissected flower (showing the androgynophore and claws)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">E</emphasis>
roots
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">F</emphasis>
flower (side view, showing the calyx and pedicel)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">G</emphasis>
flower (front view)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">H</emphasis>
petal (showing the claw, auricles and coronal scales)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">I</emphasis>
styles and immature capsule
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">J</emphasis>
calyx after anthesis
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">K</emphasis>
seeds.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
The specific epithet &quot;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">ophioglossa</emphasis>
&quot; is derived from the Greek words &quot;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">ophis</emphasis>
&quot; (meaning snake) and &quot;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">glossa</emphasis>
&quot; (meaning tongue), which refer to the petal lobes of this new species which resemble the tongue of a snake.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Herbs perennial. Roots numerous, clustered, cylindric, fleshy. Stems sparsely caespitose, ascending to sprawling, 30-80 cm long, slender, multibranched, with sparsely pubescent. Leaves ovate-elliptic or obovate-elliptic, 3-9 (-15) cm long, 1-4 cm wide, base cuneate or attenuate into petiole, apex acute, both surfaces puberulent to subglabrous, margin entire, minutely ciliate, lateral veins 2 pairs, midrib and lateral veins prominent abaxially. Dichasial cymes terminal, diffuse; peduncle 1-15 cm long, densely glandular-pilose. Pedicels densely glandular-pilose and sparsely eglandular villous, subequaling or longer than calyx; bracts ovate-lanceolate, apex acuminate. Calyx tubular-campanulate, 5-7 mm long, 2-3 mm in diameter, longitudinal veins green or violet, cohering at apex, sparsely hirtellous and with short glandular hairs, inflated after anthesis, 6-7 mm long, 4-5 mm in diameter in fruit stage; calyx teeth ovate-triangular, green or violet, ca. 1 mm long, apex acute, margin ciliate. Androgynophore ca. 1 mm long, glabrous. Petals white, 1.0-1.2 cm long; claws equaling to calyx, oblanceolate, glabrous, inflated above, margin erose; limbs linear, deeply bifid to middle, lobes linear, apex usually curly, without side lobe; coronal scales absent or oblong-linear, small, entire or emarginated at apex. Stamens 10, included in calyx tube; filaments glabrous, 5-7 mm long. Styles 3, included or slightly exserted beyond calyx. Capsule broadly ovoid, 7-9 mm long, 4-5 mm in diameter, slightly longer than calyx. Seeds dark brown, globose-reniform, ca. 1 mm long, tuberculate.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="molecular phylogenetics">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Molecular phylogenetics.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
The ITS sequence region of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Huan C. Wang &amp; Feng Yang" authorityYear="2023" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Silene" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Silene ophioglossa" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ophioglossa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Silene ophioglossa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
comprises 687 and 821 base pairs with a GC content of 53.3% and 54.4%. The alignment of 73 ITS sequences resulted in a matrix of 582 total characters, 350 of which are constant, 58 of the variable characters are singleton sites and 174 characters are parsimony-informative sites.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
Phylogenetic analyses using ITS sequences uncovered that the new species,
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. ophioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="species" species="ophioglossa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">S. ophioglossa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, belongs to a clade A representing
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. subsp. sect." pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="section" section="Cucubaloides">S. sect. Cucubaloides</taxonomicName>
Edgeworth &amp; Hook. f. which was recircumscribed by
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.12230" author="Jafari, F" journalOrPublisher="Taxon" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" pagination="337 - 368" refId="B9" refString="Jafari, F, Zarre, S, Gholipour, A, Eggens, F, Richard, KR, Oxelman, B, 2020. A new taxonomic backbone for the infrageneric classification of the species rich genus Silene (Caryophyllaceae). Taxon 69 (2): 337 - 368, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.12230" title="A new taxonomic backbone for the infrageneric classification of the species rich genus Silene (Caryophyllaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.12230" volume="69" year="2020">Jafari et al. (2020)</bibRefCitation>
in their recent studies (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Bayesian inference tree of Silene based on ITS sequences showing phylogenetic placements of S. ophioglossa. Bayesian posterior probabilities are shown near the nodes. Silene ophioglossa, S. viscidula and S. phoenicodonta are marked in bold type, and S. ophioglossa is highlighted by using red colored text." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.225.98247.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/842813" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">4</figureCitation>
). This placement is also supported by its morphological characters, such as the ascending to sprawling, multibranched stems, ovate-elliptic or obovate-elliptic leaves, lax dichasial cymes and tubular-campanulate calyces. In the phylogenetic tree (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Bayesian inference tree of Silene based on ITS sequences showing phylogenetic placements of S. ophioglossa. Bayesian posterior probabilities are shown near the nodes. Silene ophioglossa, S. viscidula and S. phoenicodonta are marked in bold type, and S. ophioglossa is highlighted by using red colored text." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.225.98247.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/842813" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">4</figureCitation>
), two sequences from
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. ophioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="species" species="ophioglossa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">S. ophioglossa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
constituted a monophyletic lineage with maximum support, and it is sister to a small subclade B that includes
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. phoenicodonta" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="species" species="phoenicodonta">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">S. phoenicodonta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. viscidula" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="species" species="viscidula">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">S. viscidula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. This close relationship is also supported by their morphological similarity.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.225.98247.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/842813" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Figure 4.</emphasis>
Bayesian inference tree of
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Silene" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Silene" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Silene</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on ITS sequences showing phylogenetic placements of
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. ophioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="species" species="ophioglossa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">S. ophioglossa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Bayesian posterior probabilities are shown near the nodes.
<taxonomicName authorityName="Huan C. Wang &amp; Feng Yang" authorityYear="2023" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Silene" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Silene ophioglossa" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ophioglossa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Silene ophioglossa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. viscidula" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="species" species="viscidula">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">S. viscidula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. phoenicodonta" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="species" species="phoenicodonta">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">S. phoenicodonta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are marked in bold type, and
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. ophioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="species" species="ophioglossa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">S. ophioglossa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is highlighted by using red colored text.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="seed micromorphology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Seed micromorphology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
Seeds of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Huan C. Wang &amp; Feng Yang" authorityYear="2023" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Silene" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Silene ophioglossa" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ophioglossa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Silene ophioglossa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are dark brown when mature, globose-reniform in shape, 0.94-1.12 mm long, 0.79-0.94 mm wide. The lateral surface of seed is concave. The dorsal surface is flat, ca. 0.57 mm wide. Its seed coat is formed by elongate epidermis cells with S-undulate and V-undulate anticlinal walls. The periclinal walls are convex and have granulate-papillate ornamentation (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. SEM micrographs of seed morphology in Silene ophioglossa (voucher specimen: Q. P. Wang et al. XY 7908, A-C) and S. phoenicodonta (voucher specimen: D. Qiao DC 2575, D-F). A, D lateral surface B, E dorsal surface C, F ventral surface." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.225.98247.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/842814" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">5A-C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.225.98247.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/842814" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" start="Figure 5" startId="F5">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Figure 5.</emphasis>
SEM micrographs of seed morphology in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Huan C. Wang &amp; Feng Yang" authorityYear="2023" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Silene" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Silene ophioglossa" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ophioglossa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Silene ophioglossa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(voucher specimen: Q. P. Wang et al. XY7908,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">A-C</emphasis>
) and
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. phoenicodonta" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="species" species="phoenicodonta">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">S. phoenicodonta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(voucher specimen: D. Qiao DC2575,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">D-F</emphasis>
).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">A, D</emphasis>
lateral surface
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">B, E</emphasis>
dorsal surface
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">C, F</emphasis>
ventral surface.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="phenology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Phenology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Flowering and fruiting from June to September.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Distribution and habitat.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Huan C. Wang &amp; Feng Yang" authorityYear="2023" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Silene" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Silene ophioglossa" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ophioglossa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Silene ophioglossa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is endemic to southwest China, where it has been collected from western Sichuan and north Yunnan (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Distribution of Silene ophioglossa and S. phoenicodonta in southwest China." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.225.98247.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/842815" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">6</figureCitation>
). Currently, it seems to be restricted to the Jinsha River basin.
<taxonomicName authorityName="Huan C. Wang &amp; Feng Yang" authorityYear="2023" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Silene" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Silene ophioglossa" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ophioglossa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Silene ophioglossa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
usually occurs at elevations ranging from 2000-3000 meters and grows in thickets or at forest margins, and its association includes
<taxonomicName authorityName="C.F.Zhao, R.Wei &amp; X.C.Zhang" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Baker" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Polypodiaceae" genus="Lepisorus" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lepisorus palmatopedatus" order="Polypodiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="palmatopedatus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Lepisorus palmatopedatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Baker) C. F. Zhao, R. Wei et X. C. Zhang,
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Primulaceae" genus="Lysimachia" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lysimachia christiniae" order="Ericales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="christiniae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Lysimachia christiniae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Hance,
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Papaveraceae" genus="Corydalis" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Corydalis triternatifolia" order="Ranunculales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="triternatifolia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Corydalis triternatifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
C. Y. Wu,
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Indigofera" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Indigofera pendula" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pendula">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Indigofera pendula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Franch.,
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Primulaceae" genus="Lysimachia" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lysimachia stenosepala subsp. var. var. flavescens" order="Ericales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="stenosepala" subSpecies="var." variety="flavescens">Lysimachia stenosepala Hemsl. var. flavescens</taxonomicName>
Chen et C. M. Hu,
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Onagraceae" genus="Circaea" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Circaea cordata" order="Myrtales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cordata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Circaea cordata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Royle,
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Quercus acutissima" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="acutissima">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Quercus acutissima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Carr. and
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Campylotropis" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Campylotropis teretiracemosa" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="teretiracemosa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Campylotropis teretiracemosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
P. C. Li et C. J. Chen.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.225.98247.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/842815" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" start="Figure 6" startId="F6">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Figure 6.</emphasis>
Distribution of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Huan C. Wang &amp; Feng Yang" authorityYear="2023" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Silene" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Silene ophioglossa" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ophioglossa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Silene ophioglossa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. phoenicodonta" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="species" species="phoenicodonta">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">S. phoenicodonta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in southwest China.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="conservation status">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Conservation status.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Huan C. Wang &amp; Feng Yang" authorityYear="2023" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Silene" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Silene ophioglossa" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ophioglossa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Silene ophioglossa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known from five localities and has been found in thickets or at forest margins. However, we actually only investigated two points, and
<normalizedToken originalValue="didnt">didn't</normalizedToken>
have enough information about its distribution, abundance, or threats to this species. More information is needed for assignment of its conservation status. Therefore, we choose to assign this new species to the category data deficient (DD) following the IUCN guidelines (
<bibRefCitation author="Greuter, W" journalOrPublisher="Taxon" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" refId="B7" refString="IUCN (2012) IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 3.1. (2nd Ed.).IUCN, Gland, Switzerland &amp; Cambridge, 32 pp." year="1995">IUCN 2012</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Greuter, W" journalOrPublisher="Taxon" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" refId="B8" refString="IUCN (2022) Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 15. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Committee." year="1995">2022</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="taxonomic notes">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Taxonomic notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
Morphologically and seed micromorphologically,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Huan C. Wang &amp; Feng Yang" authorityYear="2023" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Silene" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Silene ophioglossa" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ophioglossa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Silene ophioglossa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is most similar to
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. phoenicodonta" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="species" species="phoenicodonta">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">S. phoenicodonta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Silene phoenicodonta (Photographed by F. Yang and H. C. Wang) A habit B adaxial surface of leaf C abaxial surface of leaf D dissected flower (showing the androgynophore and claws) E roots F flower (side view, showing the calyx and pedicel) G flower (front view) H petal (showing the claw, auricles and coronal scales) I styles and immature capsule J calyx after anthesis K seeds." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.225.98247.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/842812" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">3</figureCitation>
), a species also distributed in southwest China (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Distribution of Silene ophioglossa and S. phoenicodonta in southwest China." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.225.98247.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/842815" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">6</figureCitation>
). They share ascending to sprawling, multibranched stems, ovate-elliptic or obovate-elliptic leaves, dichasial cymes, 3 styles and globose-reniform seeds (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. SEM micrographs of seed morphology in Silene ophioglossa (voucher specimen: Q. P. Wang et al. XY 7908, A-C) and S. phoenicodonta (voucher specimen: D. Qiao DC 2575, D-F). A, D lateral surface B, E dorsal surface C, F ventral surface." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.225.98247.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/842814" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">5</figureCitation>
), but the new species is distinguishable from the latter by its calyces 5-7 mm (vs. 6-8 mm) long, sparsely (vs. densely) hirtellous and with short glandular hairs, petals white (vs. dark violet), limbs linear (vs. obovate), lobes linear (vs. ovate or nearly band-shaped) and coronal scales absent or oblong-linear (vs. orbicular-linear).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Huan C. Wang &amp; Feng Yang" authorityYear="2023" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Silene" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Silene ophioglossa" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ophioglossa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Silene ophioglossa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is somewhat close to
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. viscidula" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="species" species="viscidula">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">S. viscidula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, an endemic species found from southwestern China. Nevertheless,
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. ophioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="species" species="ophioglossa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">S. ophioglossa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. viscidula" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="species" species="viscidula">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">S. viscidula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having ovate-elliptic or obovate-elliptic (vs. elliptic or elliptic-oblanceolate) leaves, diffuse (vs. compact, 3-7 (-15)-flowered) dichasia, 5-7 mm long (vs. 7-10 mm long) calyces, sparsely hirtellous and with short glandular hairs (vs. densely glandular hairs), white (vs. pale pink or white) petals, linear (vs. broadly obovate) limbs, linear (vs. ovate or square) lobes, absent or oblong-linear (vs. flabellate) coronal scales. A detailed morphological comparison between these three species is summarized in Table
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Morphological comparison of Silene ophioglossa, S. phoenicodonta and S. viscidula." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/87A96072BE97C7307838C5A02FB187C2" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" tableUuid="87A96072BE97C7307838C5A02FB187C2">1</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Table-UUID="87A96072BE97C7307838C5A02FB187C2" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/87A96072BE97C7307838C5A02FB187C2" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" start="Table 1" startId="T1">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Table 1.</emphasis>
Morphological comparison of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Huan C. Wang &amp; Feng Yang" authorityYear="2023" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Silene" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Silene ophioglossa" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ophioglossa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Silene ophioglossa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. phoenicodonta" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="species" species="phoenicodonta">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">S. phoenicodonta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. viscidula" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="species" species="viscidula">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">S. viscidula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
<table pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rowspan="2">Characters</th>
<th colspan="3" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rowspan="1">Species</th>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. ophioglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="species" species="ophioglossa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">S. ophioglossa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. phoenicodonta" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="species" species="phoenicodonta">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">S. phoenicodonta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. viscidula" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="species" species="viscidula">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">S. viscidula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Roots</emphasis>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rowspan="1">clustered, cylindric</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rowspan="1">clustered, cylindric</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rowspan="1">clustered, fusiform</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Leaves</emphasis>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rowspan="1">ovate-elliptic or obovate-elliptic</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rowspan="1">ovate-elliptic or obovate-elliptic</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rowspan="1">elliptic or elliptic-oblanceolate</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Inflorescence</emphasis>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rowspan="1">dichasial cymes, diffuse</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rowspan="1">dichasia diffuse, few flowered</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rowspan="1">dichasial cymes, 3-7 (-15)-flowered, compact</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Calyces</emphasis>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rowspan="1">5-7 mm long, outside sparsely hirtellous and with short glandular hairs</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rowspan="1">6-8 mm long, outside densely hirtellous and with short glandular hairs</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rowspan="1">7-10 mm long, outside with dense glandular hairs</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Petals</emphasis>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rowspan="1">white</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rowspan="1">dark violet</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rowspan="1">pale pink or white</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Limbs</emphasis>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rowspan="1">linear, deeply bifid to middle</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rowspan="1">obovate, deeply bifid to middle</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rowspan="1">broadly obovate, shallowly 2-lobed</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Lobes of petals</emphasis>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rowspan="1">linear, apex usually curly, without side lobe</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rowspan="1">ovate or nearly band-shaped, sometimes with one inconspicuous tooth on each lateral side</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rowspan="1">ovate or square, entire, sometimes with one inconspicuous tooth on each lateral side</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Coronal scales</emphasis>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rowspan="1">absent or oblong-linear, entire or emarginated at apex</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rowspan="1">Present, orbicular-linear, laciniate at apex</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rowspan="1">Present, flabellate, laciniate at apex</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
<typeStatus isOtherTypeStatus="true">Additional specimens examined</typeStatus>
(
<typeStatus>Paratypes</typeStatus>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1978-06-28" collectingDateMax="1983-09-25" collectingDateMin="1978-06-28" collectorName="Y. B. Yang, Qinghai-Tibet Expedition" country="China" county="Muli County" elevation="2600" location="Chutouwan village" municipality="Qiaowa Town" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sichaun">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
<collectingCountry name="China">China</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion country="China" name="Sichaun">Sichaun</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
:
<collectingCounty>Muli County</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality>Qiaowa Town</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:51F0024F3E3357C996C09A4D025BA253:DF98BAB4DB725AB2250E19DC4A596DA8" country="China" county="Muli County" municipality="Qiaowa Town" name="Chutouwan village" stateProvince="Sichaun">Chutouwan village</location>
, under the shady and moist thickets by the river, alt.
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" unit="m" value="2600.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" unit="m" value="2600.0">2600 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<collectingDate value="1978-06-28">28 June 1978</collectingDate>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
<collectorName>Y. B. Yang</collectorName>
7097
</emphasis>
(CDBI-0020627, CDBI-0020628);
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:51F0024F3E3357C996C09A4D025BA253:02CD65098FF578A17F8A047F1748878C" country="China" county="Muli County" municipality="Qiaowa Town" name="Muli County" stateProvince="Sichaun">Muli County</location>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:51F0024F3E3357C996C09A4D025BA253:FF4AD77CBCDD33484999EB19FD887BCB" country="China" county="Muli County" municipality="Qiaowa Town" name="Ninglang village" stateProvince="Sichaun">Ninglang village</location>
, under
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Tsuga" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Tsuga" order="Pinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Tsuga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
forest on the mountain slope, alt.
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" unit="m" value="3000.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" unit="m" value="3000.0">3000 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<collectingDate value="1983-09-25">25 September 1983</collectingDate>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
<collectorName>Qinghai-Tibet Expedition</collectorName>
14350
</emphasis>
(KUN-0514408, KUN-0514409)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1965-06-21" collectingDateMax="2019-08-26" collectingDateMin="1965-06-21" collectorName="W. M. Zhu, Y. M. Feng, Xiangyun Medicinal Plant Investigation Team, F. Yang, Q. P. Wang" country="China" county="Luquan County" elevation="2400" latitude="25.697811" location="Sayongshan Mountain" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="100.82408" municipality="Sayingpan Town" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Yunnan">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
<collectingRegion country="China" name="Yunnan">Yunnan</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
:
<collectingCounty>Luquan County</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality>Sayingpan Town</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:51F0024F3E3357C996C09A4D025BA253:EFDBC664614E0F05F376DA84F02DF3D7" country="China" county="Luquan County" latitude="25.697811" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="100.82408" municipality="Sayingpan Town" name="Sayongshan Mountain" stateProvince="Yunnan">Sayongshan Mountain</location>
, at evergreen broad-leaved forest margins, alt.
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" unit="m" value="2400.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" unit="m" value="2400.0">2400 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<collectingDate value="1965-06-21">21 June 1965</collectingDate>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
<collectorName>W. M. Zhu</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName>Y. M. Feng</collectorName>
00584
</emphasis>
(YUKU-02006723);
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:51F0024F3E3357C996C09A4D025BA253:86527F7E985876BF7DACE6AD9AFA439C" country="China" county="Luquan County" latitude="25.697811" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="100.82408" municipality="Sayingpan Town" name="Xiangyun County" stateProvince="Yunnan">Xiangyun County</location>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:51F0024F3E3357C996C09A4D025BA253:306379FB081DE5BEAD25CD8161A43D21" country="China" county="Luquan County" latitude="25.697811" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="100.82408" municipality="Sayingpan Town" name="Midian Town" stateProvince="Yunnan">Midian Town</location>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:51F0024F3E3357C996C09A4D025BA253:CEF7A00CA157571C7F561C2373265CE0" country="China" county="Luquan County" latitude="25.697811" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="100.82408" municipality="Sayingpan Town" name="Yemaoshan Mountain" stateProvince="Yunnan">Yemaoshan Mountain</location>
, alt.
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" unit="m" value="2300.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" unit="m" value="2300.0">2300 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="25" direction="north" minutes="41" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="52.12" value="25.697811">25°41'52.12&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="100" direction="east" minutes="49" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="26.69" value="100.82408">100°49'26.69&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
,
<collectingDate value="2018-07-24">24 July 2018</collectingDate>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
<collectorName>Xiangyun Medicinal Plant Investigation Team</collectorName>
5329230617
</emphasis>
(YUKU-02074711, YUKU-02074712, YUKU-02074713) and
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
<collectorName>F. Yang</collectorName>
et al. XY8075
</emphasis>
(YUKU-02074710); same location,
<collectingDate value="2019-08-26">26 August 2019</collectingDate>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
<collectorName>Q. P. Wang</collectorName>
et al. XY7908
</emphasis>
(YUKU-02074714, YUKU-02074715)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Silene" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Silene phoenicodonta" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="phoenicodonta">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Silene phoenicodonta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1938-07-22" collectingDateMax="2018-08-05" collectingDateMin="1938-07-22" collectorName="H. Tang, D. Qiao, Chamujing, Zhulinkou, S. Y. Bao, Snow Range, T. T. Yu" country="China" county="Zhaojue County" elevation="2400" latitude="26.38405" location="Vegetation Team" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="100.13158" municipality="Sikai Town" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sichuan">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
<collectingCountry name="China">China</collectingCountry>
. Sichaun
</emphasis>
:
<collectingCounty>Zhaojue County</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality>Sikai Town</collectingMunicipality>
, thickets, alt.
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" unit="m" value="2400.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" unit="m" value="2400.0">2400 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<collectingDate value="1976-06-30">30 June 1976</collectingDate>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
<collectingRegion country="China" name="Sichuan">Sichuan</collectingRegion>
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:51F0024F3E3357C996C09A4D025BA253:0B98D7D1D795A06AFB96100C6125D763" country="China" county="Zhaojue County" latitude="26.38405" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="100.13158" municipality="Sikai Town" name="Vegetation Team" stateProvince="Sichuan">Vegetation Team</location>
12763
</emphasis>
(PE-00580695, CDBI-0020501).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
<collectingRegion country="China" name="Yunnan">Yunnan</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
:
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:51F0024F3E3357C996C09A4D025BA253:5022B9D689B0B5DCD435810FBCCF953F" country="China" county="Zhaojue County" latitude="26.38405" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="100.13158" municipality="Sikai Town" name="Huizhe County" stateProvince="Sichuan">Huizhe County</location>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:51F0024F3E3357C996C09A4D025BA253:D1E7E3C5B9E408FE99F6C60ABA19C5C6" country="China" county="Zhaojue County" latitude="26.38405" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="100.13158" municipality="Sikai Town" name="Dahai village" stateProvince="Sichuan">Dahai village</location>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:51F0024F3E3357C996C09A4D025BA253:70BA799FA22EC367DC48996AFCEC4231" country="China" county="Zhaojue County" latitude="26.38405" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="100.13158" municipality="Sikai Town" name="Dahaicaoshan" stateProvince="Sichuan">Dahaicaoshan</location>
, ca.
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" unit="km" value="2.0">2 km</quantity>
from
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:51F0024F3E3357C996C09A4D025BA253:7753C6BC15401E56DEF257E6E2094933" country="China" county="Zhaojue County" latitude="26.38405" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="100.13158" municipality="Sikai Town" name="Xiaoxiniu" stateProvince="Sichuan">Xiaoxiniu</location>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:51F0024F3E3357C996C09A4D025BA253:71B24DE71756292F3AC8842B9E5CF2B4" country="China" county="Zhaojue County" latitude="26.38405" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="100.13158" municipality="Sikai Town" name="Dabaping" stateProvince="Sichuan">Dabaping</location>
, alpine meadows,
<geoCoordinate degrees="103" direction="east" minutes="16" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="10.50" value="103.269585">103°16'10.50&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="26" direction="north" minutes="12" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="6.19" value="26.20172">26°12'6.19&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
, alt.
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.433" unit="m" value="3433.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.433" unit="m" value="3433.0">3433 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<collectingDate value="2018-07-24">24 July 2018</collectingDate>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
<collectorName>H. Tang</collectorName>
TH2018046
</emphasis>
(KUN-1481546);
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:51F0024F3E3357C996C09A4D025BA253:39CE0819058D4476F42268783284A41E" country="China" county="Zhaojue County" latitude="26.38405" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="100.13158" municipality="Sikai Town" name="Dongchuan District" stateProvince="Sichuan">Dongchuan District</location>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:51F0024F3E3357C996C09A4D025BA253:D52C67918F3E755EF50F2BFD687A1C2D" country="China" county="Zhaojue County" latitude="26.38405" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="100.13158" municipality="Sikai Town" name="Xueling Scenic Area" stateProvince="Sichuan">Xueling Scenic Area</location>
,
<collectingDate value="2017-08-29">29 August 2017</collectingDate>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
<collectorName>D. Qiao</collectorName>
DC2575
</emphasis>
(YUKU-02074716);
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:51F0024F3E3357C996C09A4D025BA253:193C0F82B22B3A30A86B6FE89278356E" country="China" county="Zhaojue County" latitude="26.38405" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="100.13158" municipality="Sikai Town" name="Heqing County" stateProvince="Sichuan">Heqing County</location>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:51F0024F3E3357C996C09A4D025BA253:3F8882A86F79C4279A5FBE625B863ED8" country="China" county="Zhaojue County" latitude="26.38405" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="100.13158" municipality="Sikai Town" name="Songgui Town" stateProvince="Sichuan">Songgui Town</location>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:51F0024F3E3357C996C09A4D025BA253:9E0D55650CC46F7C81FAC400AB54C233" country="China" county="Zhaojue County" latitude="26.38405" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="100.13158" municipality="Sikai Town" name="Maershan Mountain" stateProvince="Sichuan">Maershan Mountain</location>
, on the path from
<collectorName>Chamujing</collectorName>
to
<collectorName>Zhulinkou</collectorName>
, under forest, roadsides,
<geoCoordinate degrees="100" direction="east" minutes="7" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="53.68" value="100.13158">100°7'53.68&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="26" direction="north" minutes="23" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="2.58" value="26.38405">26°23'2.58&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
, alt.
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.578" unit="m" value="2578.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.578" unit="m" value="2578.0">2578 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<collectingDate value="2018-08-05">5 August 2018</collectingDate>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
<collectorName>H. Tang</collectorName>
TH2018087
</emphasis>
(KUN-1481543);
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:51F0024F3E3357C996C09A4D025BA253:9B5EB24069D0FEC6EED272686849C039" country="China" county="Zhaojue County" latitude="26.38405" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="100.13158" municipality="Sikai Town" name="Jianchuan County" stateProvince="Sichuan">Jianchuan County</location>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:51F0024F3E3357C996C09A4D025BA253:B15539ED40A282E004F5C913C3EFD29B" country="China" county="Zhaojue County" latitude="26.38405" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="100.13158" municipality="Sikai Town" name="Shizhongshan Mountain" stateProvince="Sichuan">Shizhongshan Mountain</location>
,
<collectingDate value="1987-07">July 1987</collectingDate>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
<collectorName>S. Y. Bao</collectorName>
401
</emphasis>
(KUN-0531671);
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:51F0024F3E3357C996C09A4D025BA253:E4747A330B01F5033887178FB712445C" country="China" county="Zhaojue County" latitude="26.38405" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="100.13158" municipality="Sikai Town" name="Zhengkang County" stateProvince="Sichuan">Zhengkang County</location>
,
<collectorName>Snow Range</collectorName>
, in grassy slope, alt.
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" unit="m" value="2600.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" unit="m" value="2600.0">2600 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<collectingDate value="1938-07-22">22 July 1938</collectingDate>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
<collectorName>T. T. Yu</collectorName>
16881
</emphasis>
(PE-00558309, KUN-0514405)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Silene" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Silene viscidula" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="viscidula">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Silene viscidula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1983-06-29" collectorName="Qinghai-Tibet Team" country="China" county="Yanbian County" elevation="2700" location="Baoshishan" municipality="Dapingzi District" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sichaun">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
<collectingCountry name="China">China</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion country="China" name="Sichaun">Sichaun</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
:
<collectingCounty>Yanbian County</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality>Dapingzi District</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:51F0024F3E3357C996C09A4D025BA253:BAE65213342FE752BFEDE979FEC5C884" country="China" county="Yanbian County" municipality="Dapingzi District" name="Baoshishan" stateProvince="Sichaun">Baoshishan</location>
, limestone mountainous region, at
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" unit="m" value="2700.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" unit="m" value="2700.0">2700 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<collectingDate value="1983-06-29">29 June 1983</collectingDate>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
<collectorName>Qinghai-Tibet Team</collectorName>
11677
</emphasis>
(KUN-0514407)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1959-07-12" collectorName="Bijie Team" country="China" county="Weining County" location="Gali village" municipality="Mazha Town" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Guizhou">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
<collectingRegion country="China" name="Guizhou">Guizhou</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
:
<collectingCounty>Weining County</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality>Mazha Town</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:51F0024F3E3357C996C09A4D025BA253:08AC79653B720BD324889B0E30A8CAE7" country="China" county="Weining County" municipality="Mazha Town" name="Gali village" stateProvince="Guizhou">Gali village</location>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:51F0024F3E3357C996C09A4D025BA253:29D4ECF6F99F3D3B1A092C21BD35ADCF" country="China" county="Weining County" municipality="Mazha Town" name="Mabaidashan" stateProvince="Guizhou">Mabaidashan</location>
,
<collectingDate value="1959-07-12">12 July 1959</collectingDate>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
<collectorName>Bijie Team</collectorName>
191
</emphasis>
(PE-00581476)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1906-11" collectingDateMax="1958-07-30" collectingDateMin="1906-11" collectorName="Y. B Chang, E. E. Maire, Mengzi, Y. Y. Hu, S. K. Wen" country="China" county="Luquan County" elevation="2500" location="Dianwei village" municipality="Kedu Town" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Yunnan">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
<collectingRegion country="China" name="Yunnan">Yunnan</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
:
<collectingCounty>Luquan County</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality>Kedu Town</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:51F0024F3E3357C996C09A4D025BA253:220C5980FA6F0563491289D239846150" country="China" county="Luquan County" municipality="Kedu Town" name="Dianwei village" stateProvince="Yunnan">Dianwei village</location>
, grassy slope, at
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" unit="m" value="2500.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" unit="m" value="2500.0">2500 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<collectingDate value="1940-10-25">25 October 1940</collectingDate>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
<collectorName>Y. B Chang</collectorName>
347
</emphasis>
(IBSC-0149532);
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:51F0024F3E3357C996C09A4D025BA253:BCFE4A239D89EDCF0BD94BCCC32BD659" country="China" county="Luquan County" municipality="Kedu Town" name="Dongchuan District" stateProvince="Yunnan">Dongchuan District</location>
,
<collectingDate value="1906-11">November 1906</collectingDate>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
<collectorName>E. E. Maire</collectorName>
87
</emphasis>
(E-00109656);
<collectorName>Mengzi</collectorName>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:51F0024F3E3357C996C09A4D025BA253:F83BB51B29E01A2AD949402A97104F1A" country="China" county="Luquan County" municipality="Kedu Town" name="Yangliuhe village" stateProvince="Yunnan">Yangliuhe village</location>
, sparse forest, at
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.72" unit="m" value="1720.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.72" unit="m" value="1720.0">1720 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<collectingDate value="1958-07-30">30 July 1958</collectingDate>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
<collectorName>Y. Y. Hu</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName>S. K. Wen</collectorName>
580546
</emphasis>
(KUN-0514415)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>