399 lines
48 KiB
XML
399 lines
48 KiB
XML
<document id="88DE5CDF93305F5F01103676649A3BDD" ID-CLB-Dataset="29992" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.763.21252" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6162ab6f-6b50-40ee-b28e-c72eee01e99e" ID-PMC="PMC5996013" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-763-1" ID-PubMed="29896045" ID-ZooBank="90B772554C5E436CA793D924892B5B14" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2018" ModsDocID="1313-2970-763-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 763" ModsDocTitle="Integrative taxonomy of a new and highly-diverse genus of onchidiid slugs from the Coral Triangle (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Onchidiidae)" checkinTime="1528130281812" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Goulding, Tricia C., Khalil, Munawar, Tan, Shau Hwai & Dayrat, Benoit" docDate="2018" docId="993F17DC62C69D871247C97732964152" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 763: 1-111" docOrigin="ZooKeys 763" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.763.21252" docTitle="Wallaconchis nangkauriense Plate 1893, comb. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="FFF78434FFEAFFF5FFBBF264B1300C6B" masterDocTitle="Integrative taxonomy of a new and highly-diverse genus of onchidiid slugs from the Coral Triangle (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Onchidiidae)" masterLastPageNumber="111" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1701377276478" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="AB0BAA5E13E96F7C49491284409C262F">Integrative taxonomy of a new and highly-diverse genus of onchidiid slugs from the Coral Triangle (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Onchidiidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="CB3213A3DE3664C97AE611C9B34B86C0">Goulding, Tricia C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="CB50C3A872386627A0D366CA189266A6">Khalil, Munawar</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F40A27F938190FFEDEDC427F274E0714">Tan, Shau Hwai</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="18B0CCEFA076120EBF298B81BBD1CF4C">Dayrat, Benoit</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="A1883B2E40B81DB8572ED1A71FDF8E17">ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="A0E9BAD9F3D4C5C0627F295DEE5BAF9B">
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<mods:date id="0206C17D186FBF965A46DB93BDDAEB7A">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="D05A549F8A4227DA25EA7FDB24669F8B" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="8315BE2B246E6559298CBAABD7A45C2C">763</mods:number>
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<mods:end id="F875582935FAEBF0A55DD2A151AA67CB">111</mods:end>
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<mods:url id="6E76E6033564C6B2ABDDE097FBEFA795">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.763.21252</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="DCA1CCDECA5445188FC2298B08C867A4">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="C0461E10843C0FD2E66DADE31B30607D" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.763.21252</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="2651044A8E43E9B220585466E802B091" type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-763-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="E37332C5AF74CA72480FF4B03971579E" type="ZooBank">90B772554C5E436CA793D924892B5B14</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="993F17DC62C69D871247C97732964152" ID-GBIF-Taxon="144234919" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:993F17DC62C69D871247C97732964152" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/993F17DC62C69D871247C97732964152" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<subSubSection id="F0933AA3730791C1D24B22BAC391D808" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="ECFE5423C1444B5391733A49BC261096" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName id="F9F6AC58C5609CFB6F7F99AC46B07C72" ID-CoL="49GVV" authority="Plate, 1893" authorityName="Plate" authorityYear="1893" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Wallaconchis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Wallaconchis nangkauriense" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nangkauriense">Wallaconchis nangkauriense (Plate, 1893)</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="6AAC9C6472C4B8C4A6D54F00C19BADBD" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">comb. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figs 29, 30, 31, 32, 33
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="B349B95064C80B678B31070332962933" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="07128C424212CE51CE20ED5D9F920E2F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4234E9B02E52E8A8F7B9F1D5DA760528" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Onchidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onchidium nangkauriense" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nangkauriense">Onchidium nangkauriense</taxonomicName>
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Plate, 1893: 170-171, pl. 12, figs 84, 93-95 (as
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<taxonomicName id="5E482A2E483CE5BB1384D3A8C2C0C6EF" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Oncidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oncidium nangkauriense" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nangkauriense">Oncidium nangkauriense</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="EBC7116E439EDD54AC76A691BDF117DE" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName id="991A2E9A18B4C12517B99F0B46F1D250" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Paraoncidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paraoncidium nangkauriense" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nangkauriense">Paraoncidium nangkauriense</taxonomicName>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="F75EF57771ACA372431C53FBB4C03ED1" author="Labbe, A" journalOrPublisher="Annales de l'Institut Oceanographique de Monaco" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="173 - 246" title="Les Silicodermes (Labbe) du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris. Premiere partie: Classification, formes nouvelles ou peu connues." volume="14" year="1934">
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<normalizedToken id="E8A3C2B8F98E377B208D430B5857C470" originalValue="Labbé">Labbe</normalizedToken>
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1934
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 231.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="58AA8BB966D590B7FB7236B742CB1ACA" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type locality">
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<paragraph id="3172A6BDD644B373BD1239A9FE5F4FBA" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type locality.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2195E413ACB5C12D4DF3E8C6CA6FF587" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Nangkauri, eine Insel der Nicobaren [Nancowry, Nicobar Islands, Indian Ocean]. No fresh material was collected from the type locality (access to the Nicobar Islands is extremely restricted). However, fresh material was collected from the Andaman Islands, just north of the Nicobar Islands (see below, additional material).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="001733F0299E8A0F70C7191A973210D5" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type material">
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<paragraph id="DEB643284A3A3A441D837E0E1F4031C4" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="63A8A1F348F7E04D30924FE7618D742B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lectotype, 19/14 mm, designated here (ZMB 45659a). The lectotype was dissected prior to the present study but is well preserved, with all organs remaining except for the penis. The lectotype is designated because it still displays the diagnostic characters of the species (a retractor muscle inserted within the left side of the body wall). The paralectotype (22/15 mm) also was dissected prior to the present study (ZMB 45659b). A piece of the notum is missing, as well as the digestive glands, and a part of the female reproductive system.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="4A79607212458162819FDC92D94C4A5B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="1D1019FCCFCC44DA93141BAEB4BCBB64" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Additional material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="75DAA82AEB037F8D4B2C9EE08BCCFDDE" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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India, Andaman Islands, South Andaman, Burman Nala,
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<geoCoordinate id="CA04DB0F25D567CE1C62CFF84042A4C0" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="11.553833">11°33.23'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="E596873E8C50860F3978493C59D82759" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="92.73333">92°44.00'E</geoCoordinate>
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, 2 specimens 25/12 mm [1074] and 24/10 mm [1075], st 53, rocky shore with a patch of
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<taxonomicName id="8B2BB0D9BACE7E209D7BE9E1AC466F85" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rhizophoraceae" genus="Rhizophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Rhizophora" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Rhizophora</taxonomicName>
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, sand and coral rubble, but no mud. (BNHS 50). Indonesia, Sumatra, Lampung, Penegahan,
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<geoCoordinate id="06873B58D6063931697F79ADDECE2EC8" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="-5.673333">05°40.40'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="646A1AE2A570717950F5B0BDF20383F8" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="105.56267">105°33.76'E</geoCoordinate>
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, 4 specimens 42/25 mm, 28/15 mm [1787], 23/15 mm [1788], and 23/15 mm [1786], st 78, coral rubble on beach exposed to estuary (UMIZ 00012); North Sulawesi, Bahoi,
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<geoCoordinate id="DC13D84B7418C315571E34AB2EE07E41" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="1.7226667">01°43.36'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="B10CBFCAB97D764C786CB4ABBE4D6D05" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="125.0205">125°01.23'E</geoCoordinate>
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, 2 specimens 25/14 mm [2161] and 18/13 mm [2156], st 85, sand and small rocks outside a mangrove (UMIZ 00013); North Sulawesi, Tamperong,
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<geoCoordinate id="DD327702DE6554BEC792C443E095DACF" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="1.6918333">01°41.51'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="BF732A65DD8F7CA48E3138F9ED2712F2" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="125.013336">125°00.80'E</geoCoordinate>
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, 1 specimen 20/13 mm [2192], st 87, rocks behind mangrove of small
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<taxonomicName id="DDCCC6566EFA89000B3AD31839C477C3" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rhizophoraceae" genus="Rhizophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Rhizophora" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Rhizophora</taxonomicName>
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trees (UMIZ 00014); North Sulawesi, Wori,
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<geoCoordinate id="3AB52162B2BFC3123E30833F093E92B0" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="1.6010001">01°36.06'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="95DDF255F9446E3DA4B75B9F166B4EE1" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="124.86217">124°51.73'E</geoCoordinate>
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, 1 specimen 30/20 mm [2257], st 90, old mangrove forest with
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<taxonomicName id="5703B4EBAB53FE26320393E0DCC4303E" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Avicennia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Avicennia" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Avicennia</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="9E426168E7CC8D5F8B4FF4413823EC5D" class="Cephalopoda" family="Hoplitidae" genus="Sonneratia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sonneratia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Sonneratia</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName id="E9A8A4A0A4AB0108AA9EB865F08E6ED2" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rhizophoraceae" genus="Rhizophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Rhizophora" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Rhizophora</taxonomicName>
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, with rocks (UMIZ 00016); Ambon, Haruku Island,
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<geoCoordinate id="ADFACF345AC950CA0FCE5D369A03F725" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="-3.6086667">03°36.52'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="4B95A409AFA08F1B579B66679E769F94" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="128.41783">128°25.07'E</geoCoordinate>
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, 1 specimen 22/14 mm [2731], st 127, rocky
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<taxonomicName id="CA9A10F4B8A2EF48D07EEB553F62E01E" class="Cephalopoda" family="Hoplitidae" genus="Sonneratia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sonneratia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Sonneratia</taxonomicName>
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mangrove with coral rubble (UMIZ 00017); Lombok, Seriwe Bay,
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<geoCoordinate id="AC29002DF15F97A5FC4AD8DDCF8279EF" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="-8.909166">08°54.55'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="90B4034660EE1744C99B11C652508761" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="116.37033">116°22.22'E</geoCoordinate>
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, 1 specimen 39/28 mm [2972], st 148, rocks with
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<taxonomicName id="D9BC9EA76F20ED405C1D07171B0CAE89" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Avicennia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Avicennia" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Avicennia</taxonomicName>
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trees (UMIZ 00018); Bali, Pemuteran, Labuhan Lalang Harbor,
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<geoCoordinate id="627BC70A80F5F29AB109B35A1A736BB7" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="-8.1435">08°08.61'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="3EE2FEC2C5A68D6CCBA298A5BCCBCB24" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="114.53883">114°32.33'E</geoCoordinate>
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, 2 specimens 20/12 mm [3136] and 18/12 mm [3129], st 157, coral rubble, rocks and a few
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<taxonomicName id="D7A3EA259C62D7F6FE202315A53542D6" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Avicennia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Avicennia" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Avicennia</taxonomicName>
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(UMIZ 00020). Philippines, Luzon, Batangas, Lian,
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<geoCoordinate id="FB78C59A1AFAE908B4788C93014ADB85" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="13.996">13°59.76'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="731AD4AEA24862ACACC11D3DB4A4122F" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="120.62383">120°37.43'E</geoCoordinate>
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, 1 specimen 28/17 mm [3162], st 181, sandy, open
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<taxonomicName id="2F507213A57973C2A3707ADACAA8FD75" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Avicennia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Avicennia" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Avicennia</taxonomicName>
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forest (PNM 041204); Luzon, Batangas, Calatagan,
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<geoCoordinate id="AD3F99D7483D1AED3A9024837AD91734" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="13.922">13°55.32'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="B06AE84C14454F30333ADEE0A3AA673E" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="120.621">120°37.26'E</geoCoordinate>
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, 2 specimens 30/17 mm [3208] and 24/14 mm [3217], st 183, rocks in
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<taxonomicName id="67558842CEAEBBBC5216A8AE42D103F3" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Avicennia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Avicennia" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Avicennia</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="F499E7315A68F067DB5E9FB82FD65CAC" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rhizophoraceae" genus="Rhizophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Rhizophora" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Rhizophora</taxonomicName>
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mangrove (PNM 041205); Bohol, Maribojoc,
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<geoCoordinate id="10BE3BF352492E136259A98B41F04CDE" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="9.733666">09°44.02'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="8BB6C883F7DDEFEC3E79C0D206D91A69" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="123.79083">123°47.45'E</geoCoordinate>
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, 3 specimens 32/20 mm [3269], 32/23 mm [3268], and 28/20 mm [3276], st 191, coral rubble with sand (PNM 041206); Bohol, Loay,
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<geoCoordinate id="41FECD6AE5CA3C425C6797C4A203CD53" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="9.603833">09°36.23'N</geoCoordinate>
|
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="607AE76DE703254D921EA217A7828413" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="123.99533">123°59.72'E</geoCoordinate>
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, 1 specimen 21/14 mm [5763], st 198, mostly sand, and a few
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<taxonomicName id="590EE11F98A073B7BB6CC1645DF7594F" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Avicennia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Avicennia" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Avicennia</taxonomicName>
|
||
(PNM 041229); Bohol, Maribojoc,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="496159178DF34277FA62A9523CC86F88" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="9.733666">09°44.02'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="8E8D82E9513DB2EA49F806440D6B28E1" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="123.79083">123°47.45'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 2 specimens 28/16 mm [3396] and 18/12 mm [3401], st 200, coral rubble with sand at night (PNM 041207); Bohol, Maribojoc,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="4DE1044688D71112278557B348DA950C" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="9.738">09°44.28'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="C0E03E302C88A036770E8F56A9EEBEA8" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="123.823166">123°49.39'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 1 specimen 28/16 mm [3427], st 202, coral rubble with sand and algae, near
|
||
<taxonomicName id="844E0740C91356D8B5CB642F97F35C92" class="Cephalopoda" family="Hoplitidae" genus="Sonneratia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sonneratia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Sonneratia</taxonomicName>
|
||
(PNM 041208).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="DF04EB73E72C00AD87A3BD2D356E230A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="CD1546F47440324F78E6587B106750FF" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3ED50540828311F2604FCAFC7BFC687E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">India: Nicobar Islands (type locality) and Andaman Islands. Indonesia: Ambon, Bali, Lombok, Sulawesi, and southeastern Sumatra. Philippines: Bohol and Luzon. All records are new except for the type locality.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="4BDB34F799F2B3AE35293BB865164B45" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="habitat">
|
||
<paragraph id="B8DA40F69F8C597F3D31EFCF242E78B4" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Habitat</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E73C79A0E4E68065AA2DA006E7EF294E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
(Fig. 29, Table 3). In the Andaman Islands,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2CEBBCE77E23B4850021818D4EC18DC2" lsidName="W. nangkauriense" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="nangkauriense">W. nangkauriense</taxonomicName>
|
||
is found in rocky mangroves, on the roots of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7359279B1495AC64E9EEC49C2E9D755E" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rhizophoraceae" genus="Rhizophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Rhizophora" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Rhizophora</taxonomicName>
|
||
covered with algae (Fig. 29B). Throughout the rest of its range,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CA6865DAAF9CD22EACF27538A5915211" lsidName="W. nangkauriense" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="nangkauriense">W. nangkauriense</taxonomicName>
|
||
is found predominantly on coral rubble or small stones, which may be mixed with mangrove trees (Fig. 29C, -D), adjacent to a mangrove (Fig. 29A) or a few isolated mangrove trees (Fig. 29E), or completely without mangrove trees (Fig. 29F).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="517CDC42367B286B227C96E52D1C25BB" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Wallaconchis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Wallaconchis nangkauriense" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nangkauriense">Wallaconchis nangkauriense</taxonomicName>
|
||
frequently occurs with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="512A2734930256600F4E77CFD48C72ED" lsidName="W. ater" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ater">W. ater</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="816DF78C715ECD0595E4E6CB6BE89FC7" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<paragraph id="18331DA14851C31C077209C7D007B558" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Figure 29. Habitats,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="19EFE2EB5E230F4E82601953FB810C41" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Wallaconchis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Wallaconchis nangkauriense" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nangkauriense">Wallaconchis nangkauriense</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A Indonesia, Sulawesi, sand, rocks, pieces of wood behind narrow coastal mangrove (st 85) B India, Andaman Islands, Burman Nala, slugs were on the stilt roots (st 53) C Indonesia, Ambon, Haruku Island, narrow mangrove of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0C5C5D7DE24B37C0939D14005B9EE9D9" class="Cephalopoda" family="Hoplitidae" genus="Sonneratia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sonneratia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Sonneratia</taxonomicName>
|
||
trees on rocky beach (st 127) D Close up (same locality as C) E Indonesia, Bali, Pemuteran, Labuhan Lalang Harbor, coral rubble, rocks and a few
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E06D0DB2324D6E89115F6E146365596D" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Avicennia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Avicennia" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Avicennia</taxonomicName>
|
||
(st 157) F Philippines, Bohol, Maribojoc, coral rubble of uplifted coral reef (st 191).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="EAEDDF4480EEDA6A5B80F030B73764D9" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="7B1940069847CBB48AB19BF4FA12A35A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C010410DF903285F4F11D6C31508A007" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
(Table 5).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9E104A87430DA972D4B782A9945784A0" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Wallaconchis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Wallaconchis nangkauriense" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nangkauriense">Wallaconchis nangkauriense</taxonomicName>
|
||
cannot be distinguished from other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2BE5DB695C9591023048FB4C6C0BFEBD" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Wallaconchis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Wallaconchis" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Wallaconchis</taxonomicName>
|
||
species based on external features. Brightly-colored individuals (e.g., red, yellow, and orange) cannot be distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B413AD2E20125E459C9B5BE08C1FA658" lsidName="W. ater" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ater">W. ater</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="899E78B1AB05CE8C908F99500E36896A" lsidName="W. graniferum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="graniferum">W. graniferum</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Grey or brown specimens cannot be distinguished from any other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0028F9B1E73870B307D2E1FA551F61BD" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Wallaconchis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Wallaconchis" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Wallaconchis</taxonomicName>
|
||
species. Internally, however, the extremely long oviduct is a diagnostic feature of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="70367567E0DD07142955844B61C43E2D" lsidName="W. nangkauriense" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="nangkauriense">W. nangkauriense</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The long retractor muscle of the penis inside the posterior body wall is also distinctive (although it is not present in all individuals).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="AB508952FEA859DD807F55DCCC6EEE4E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="color and morphology of live animals">
|
||
<paragraph id="86EBC1B1D9217E8C91E678F2C579E783" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Color and morphology of live animals</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6E75B42A59368981C6604F489307EB43" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">(Fig. 30). In sandy habitats, sand grains may be stuck to the dorsal notum. The dorsal coloration is highly variable, often a mottling of two or three colors. The most common colors are grey, brown, black, and yellow; combinations of red, green and orange also occur. The colors of the hyponotum and foot are variable. The hyponotum is usually light grey or cream, occasionally dark grey or white. The foot is either cream, light grey or dark grey. The color of the ocular tentacles varies between yellow-orange, light brown and reddish brown.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="1BEFA8376732AED4B3191C964BE156F8" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<paragraph id="53179E6CEC38C00D69B43FE99D93DB9A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Figure 30. Live specimens,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FC7C67D7C9332009CA24DEA69D2E9F1" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Wallaconchis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Wallaconchis nangkauriense" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nangkauriense">Wallaconchis nangkauriense</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A Dorsal view, 28 mm long [3162], Philippines, Luzon (PNM 041204) B Dorsal view, 23 mm long [1786], Indonesia, Sumatra (UMIZ 00012) C Dorsal view, 18 mm long [2156], Indonesia, Sulawesi (UMIZ 00013) D Dorsal view, 23 mm long [1788], Indonesia, Sumatra (UMIZ 00012) E Dorsal view, 34 mm long [3269], Philippines, Bohol (PNM 041206) F Dorsal view, 24 mm long [2161], Indonesia, Sulawesi (UMIZ 00013) G Dorsal view, 32 mm long [3268], Philippines, Bohol (PNM 041206) H Dorsal view, 28 mm long [1787], Indonesia, Sumatra (UMIZ 00012) I Dorsal view, 24 mm long [3217], Philippines, Luzon (PNM 041205) J Ventral view, same as G K Ventral view, 28 mm long [3427], Philippines, Bohol (PNM 041208) L Ventral view, 22 mm long [2731], Indonesia, Ambon (UMIZ 00017).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="411E5DB87795F5E77834F6371F347FF1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="external morphology">
|
||
<paragraph id="E7C672832A600FA4DBA8B89B1C1DA6EE" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">External morphology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="71EB8F0AB5CCB4824F88A5AEB93E63BA" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">The number of dorsal papillae with eyes (three or four per papilla) is between five and 15, but, exceptionally, 25 papillae were observed in one specimen. There is a retractable papilla with eyes in the center of the dorsal notum, which may be slightly raised above the dorsal surface.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="A7D97D2915A0A7638F9DC89B0234823B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="digestive system">
|
||
<paragraph id="2A88057C43F2F40360AAED949D691E60" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Digestive system</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6F1F1781329AA8F8D5DD923B7C942883" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
(Fig. 31, Table 4). Examples of radular formulae are presented in Table 4. The length of the rachidian teeth is approximately 20
|
||
<normalizedToken id="89A4842A383195AFC8F976A542EA274C" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
, significantly smaller than that of the lateral teeth. The length of the hook of the lateral teeth gradually increases, from 40 to 65
|
||
<normalizedToken id="212BD06133A08A5A14070F87FE9BBC5C" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
, along the half row from the inner teeth to outer teeth (excluding the innermost and outermost lateral teeth, which are significantly smaller). The intestinal loops are of type I.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DA948887430750B816E50152F4240552" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<paragraph id="4E79A25A9D76F29D17AEF2A8BA893234" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Figure 31. Radula,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B7E6FAB60892A4F3F2BB484F9065173B" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Wallaconchis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Wallaconchis nangkauriense" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nangkauriense">Wallaconchis nangkauriense</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Indonesia, Bali [3129] (UMIZ 00020). A Rachidian and innermost lateral teeth, scale bar 20
|
||
<normalizedToken id="DB28BC86A04B2C90451DE7041F73856D" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
B Innermost lateral teeth, scale bar 20
|
||
<normalizedToken id="ACC3317C53E15D510C0C83A90506159B" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
C Outer lateral teeth, scale bar 20
|
||
<normalizedToken id="51B9AC163E2323ABCFC8314F07DA3B6C" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
D Outermost lateral teeth, scale bar 20
|
||
<normalizedToken id="CE9C53A11158575E0F1AC8653567665D" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="3E69AD3C57C4392145446E8C36A31E97" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reproductive system">
|
||
<paragraph id="3D77DB5E8D0BDB88993FF076E0B46659" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Reproductive system</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7E771007507E6AAE00C267BFA0FC0205" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">(Fig. 32A). Posteriorly, the oviduct is extremely long, convoluted, and slightly narrow. The spermatheca is spherical and joins the distal region of the oviduct through a thin, short duct.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="C2E0CDDA2313785B9981EE3B30FC34FD" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<paragraph id="1013F0FB686AF4087E4ADBDF3A9BD939" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Figure 32. Reproductive system,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B369D0A2E587890C1A87F2186B7F6157" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Wallaconchis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Wallaconchis nangkauriense" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nangkauriense">Wallaconchis nangkauriense</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A Hermaphroditic (female), posterior parts, Philippines, Bohol, scale bar 4 mm [3276] (PNM 041206) B Anterior, male copulatory parts, Indonesia, Sulawesi, scale bar 5 mm [2192] (UMIZ 00014) C Anterior, male copulatory parts (vestibule removed around the penis), Indonesia, Sumatra, scale bar 2 mm [1788] (UMIZ 00012). Abbreviations: bc body cavity bw lateral left body wall dd deferent duct fgm female gland mass hd hermaphroditic duct hg hermaphroditic gland ov oviduct p penis ps penial sheath rm retractor muscle rs receptaculum seminis sp spermatheca.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="F40353A847068D93CE5449EA3C58C662" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="copulatory apparatus">
|
||
<paragraph id="EE16212BEEFF338998981583C6C5B5D4" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Copulatory apparatus</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="29F0D028B9ED72979D7469FC94A1CFDE" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">(Figs 32B, C, 33). The distal end of the penis lies free within a long, narrow vestibule, and its proximal end is protected within the penial sheath (in Fig. 32C, distal part of penial sheath removed). The length of the penis varies between individuals and geographic localities and ranges from approximately 9-22 mm. In specimens from the Philippines, the penis tends to be longer and frequently folds back upon itself within the vestibule. The penis is elongated, narrow, and smooth with no hooks (Fig. 33). The length of the penial sheath varies from a few millimeters (in small individuals) to longer than the body length. In addition, the proximal end of the penial sheath may be partially hidden within the left posterior body wall (Fig. 32B). The deferent duct is highly convoluted with many loops; however, in immature specimens, the deferent duct is significantly less convoluted. The retractor muscle enters the body wall at the posterior end of the visceral cavity near the rectum and lies (partially or completely) hidden inside the body wall. The insertion of the retractor muscle varies. In large specimens, the retractor muscle may extend anteriorly inside the left side of the body wall and insert up to half way up the body; in smaller specimens, it inserts within the posterior region of the left body wall. Exceptionally, in large specimens from southeastern Sumatra and the Andaman Islands, the retractor muscle inserts on the posterior wall of the visceral cavity, near the rectum, and not within the body wall. Finally, in small specimens from the Andaman Islands, the retractor muscle inserts on the body wall, near the heart, on the right side of the visceral cavity.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="8F8C943A2E95FDBC7722845DAF4028F8" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<paragraph id="9B211081EB3B077396DB01E7D7C94B10" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Figure 33. Penis,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="164A03580B81AC02D170B98845A5A7B5" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Wallaconchis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Wallaconchis nangkauriense" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nangkauriense">Wallaconchis nangkauriense</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Philippines. A Luzon, scale bar 200
|
||
<normalizedToken id="DD4AE1B88FBDD22F5BA8CE4827BFF00E" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
[3208] (PNM 041205) B Bohol, scale bar 200
|
||
<normalizedToken id="FED3D8D445A6F237910EF05750FA8975" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
[3268] (PNM 041206).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="5EF3BA2938EEE1027F7C913F83263B34" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph id="617CAF801E6C04B89F3FEDB53C928F63" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="718D388270BD80EF8877017953BB04B7" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AFA9C5666AB64BBE206A08F1D48E7B25" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Onchidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onchidium nangkauriense" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nangkauriense">Onchidium nangkauriense</taxonomicName>
|
||
belongs to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AF71B4514A705B9C877C8EA3CEFF80BA" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Wallaconchis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Wallaconchis" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Wallaconchis</taxonomicName>
|
||
because it shares its unique combination of characters (intestinal loops of type I, no rectal gland, no dorsal gills, no penial accessory gland). Also, there is strong evidence that the name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9F66A0FF472C4A7B0FCBBE171F7F2DEC" lsidName="W. nangkauriense" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="nangkauriense">W. nangkauriense</taxonomicName>
|
||
applies to the species being described here. Indeed,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9F297C9E53C113084B5F1F36BE287FAD" author="Plate, LH" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Jahrbuecher" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="93 - 234" title="Studien ueber opisthopneumone Lungenschnecken, II, Die Oncidiidien." volume="7" year="1893">Plate (1893</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: pl. 12, fig. 84) illustrated an extremely long oviduct, a character which matches exactly the species described here and has not been found in any other onchidiid species, as well as a long retractor muscle entering the body wall at the posterior end of the body cavity and extending anteriorly inside the left side of body wall, a peculiar character only known in this onchidiid species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="046C4CBDBB0CE5B957B5A79B16A26367" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
In the same publication, Plate also described
|
||
<taxonomicName id="072F401B446B0C9538E6094CEBD60C4D" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Onchidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onchidium simrothi" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="simrothi">Onchidium simrothi</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the same type locality as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="676F86EDD79283CFA0B5D502527D06AA" lsidName="O. nangkauriense" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="nangkauriense">O. nangkauriense</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Nangkauri, Nicobar Islands, India).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EEE34EA965261204FB6C106DC8F40CF9" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Onchidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onchidium simrothi" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="simrothi">Onchidium simrothi</taxonomicName>
|
||
is transferred here to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8936311EE68F8600C55458C0896BF50B" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Wallaconchis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Wallaconchis" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Wallaconchis</taxonomicName>
|
||
but is regarded as a nomen dubium because important characters are not mentioned in the original description and could not be observed in the type material. The two syntypes of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0303F13C2415B193C613AD9511DDACD4" lsidName="O. simrothi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="simrothi">O. simrothi</taxonomicName>
|
||
are small (10/6 and 10/5 mm) and in very poor condition (they previously dried, and most of the organs are missing, with the exception of parts of the female reproductive system and of the digestive system). Plate does not indicate whether the rectal gland is present or absent, but the intestine of type I and the absence of an accessory penial gland indicate that the two syntypes of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C9591CFA178DCE0895C13DC197D43B8" lsidName="O. simrothi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="simrothi">O. simrothi</taxonomicName>
|
||
belong to a
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A14333B3B263C99FD0A200F405F5685A" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Wallaconchis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Wallaconchis" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Wallaconchis</taxonomicName>
|
||
species or a
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5FFDB3B7C2D12B218E213A668FFE4F13" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Platevindex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Platevindex" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Platevindex</taxonomicName>
|
||
species. However, the male opening of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B1CB0A6C551FA5EDDFC9264147A407BE" lsidName="O. simrothi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="simrothi">O. simrothi</taxonomicName>
|
||
(below the right tentacle) and its central dorsal tubercle with multiple eyes are inconsistent with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3216DD9C994530B5BC5E9D54F0BD0454" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Platevindex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Platevindex" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Platevindex</taxonomicName>
|
||
. We therefore consider that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="531A6C8059CEF50E6261B9BAD06EF639" lsidName="O. simrothi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="simrothi">O. simrothi</taxonomicName>
|
||
belongs to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7E73E71EF918AE9D0FE07F9B87D31BE2" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Wallaconchis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Wallaconchis" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Wallaconchis</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Given that both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AD6F10337D5684F8934018A906712AF4" lsidName="W. simrothi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="simrothi">W. simrothi</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CB91DF8E18C5516EF8233230F87DE1A3" lsidName="W. nangkauriense" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="nangkauriense">W. nangkauriense</taxonomicName>
|
||
were described from the Nicobar Islands, that the Nicobar Islands are within the geographic range of only one
|
||
<taxonomicName id="39063A8A2E57232B0D9C72C260461999" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Wallaconchis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Wallaconchis" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Wallaconchis</taxonomicName>
|
||
species (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="531BF2ACB82D53F8A7AF466DE30115EB" lsidName="W. nangkauriense" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="nangkauriense">W. nangkauriense</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and are very far from the limits of distribution of all other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F914B5290F6ADB3A768E7031D5D7693C" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Wallaconchis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Wallaconchis" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Wallaconchis</taxonomicName>
|
||
species, it is most likely that both names are synonyms. According to Plate, the difference between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="516E50435F3EEF13EF35BBDE8E949C17" lsidName="O. simrothi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="simrothi">O. simrothi</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D90B2C6B83B357C187F52DC597B0A8FF" lsidName="O. nangkauriense" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="nangkauriense">O. nangkauriense</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the length of their penis (4 mm long and 55 mm, respectively). However, our observations show that the small specimens (<20 mm long) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0E5FE56CD372D39099B2F515A26846E5" lsidName="W. nangkauriense" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="nangkauriense">W. nangkauriense</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Andaman Islands (which are very close to the Nicobar Islands) have a smaller penis with a retractor muscle inserted halfway down the body, which could explain the shorter penis described by Plate in the tiny (10 mm long) syntypes of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E8CB56F87E0B5AFF1B70C20DA36C391C" lsidName="O. simrothi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="simrothi">O. simrothi</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, strictly speaking, neither
|
||
<normalizedToken id="E5489271279867CEC04947D31E1DD0EE" originalValue="Plate’s">Plate's</normalizedToken>
|
||
original description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A2D34B0CF504E232C9766A9401D26D42" lsidName="O. simrothi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="simrothi">O. simrothi</taxonomicName>
|
||
nor the dried remains of its type material can be used to apply this name to any species. Therefore,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3F0187B655343E755856881E9C078D48" lsidName="O. simrothi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="simrothi">O. simrothi</taxonomicName>
|
||
is transferred to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BD406B0184EBD8206508C442D609065E" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Wallaconchis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Wallaconchis" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Wallaconchis</taxonomicName>
|
||
but is regarded as a nomen dubium.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="24B72EF805DE59CE8E957DFBFDE837AE" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3BBF4803F1D48BE3BD0066EFFBE247C3" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Onchidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onchidium nangkauriense" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nangkauriense">Onchidium nangkauriense</taxonomicName>
|
||
was transferred by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7E5AF80E199F5E71D94CF94083683C75" author="Labbe, A" journalOrPublisher="Annales de l'Institut Oceanographique de Monaco" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="173 - 246" title="Les Silicodermes (Labbe) du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris. Premiere partie: Classification, formes nouvelles ou peu connues." volume="14" year="1934">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="E661872698F72948BE71D1EFB8FCBE9A" originalValue="Labbé">Labbe</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1934)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
to his genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9C237AE84664349A8007D7DC67261A9" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Paraoncidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paraoncidium" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Paraoncidium</taxonomicName>
|
||
(because of the lack of penial accessory gland in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9785530B4873E593A7B70FFDF84442CF" lsidName="O. nangkauriense" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="nangkauriense">O. nangkauriense</taxonomicName>
|
||
), but he did not comment on the species itself.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="ADB981F0381A899DFCEC90BC9D362500" author="Labbe, A" journalOrPublisher="Annales de l'Institut Oceanographique de Monaco" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="173 - 246" title="Les Silicodermes (Labbe) du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris. Premiere partie: Classification, formes nouvelles ou peu connues." volume="14" year="1934">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="9137FF5650A1E8D38A2F90D41943CE81" originalValue="Labbé">Labbe</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1934)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
re-described
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5A9281295E3B060553A57E4B96490671" lsidName="O. simrothi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="simrothi">O. simrothi</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on new material from New Guinea, which is far from the type locality (Nangkauri, Nicobar Islands). However,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="458A9D19EA198C39E4EF55CC84B23AB7" originalValue="Labbé’s">Labbe's</normalizedToken>
|
||
specimens were not part of a
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9EB13978B71AA3D7A07B3902A6529B83" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Wallaconchis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Wallaconchis" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Wallaconchis</taxonomicName>
|
||
species (and thus could not be part of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4F7F5276DDDBB1F674BACBCB6A68F1F0" lsidName="O. simrothi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="simrothi">O. simrothi</taxonomicName>
|
||
) because their median male opening is incompatible with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68476B972B49C243E0934460DCEA5108" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Wallaconchis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Wallaconchis" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Wallaconchis</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Considering the lack of information about the reproductive anatomy in
|
||
<normalizedToken id="5B206CE26523539CDCB1A6AEE6474100" originalValue="Plate’s">Plate's</normalizedToken>
|
||
original description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2D5BCE263D11E291846DEAB68F422E4" lsidName="O. simrothi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="simrothi">O. simrothi</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="2A54B5F3F4B67849B78C178E7D495CFB" originalValue="Labbé">Labbe</normalizedToken>
|
||
likely applied
|
||
<taxonomicName id="29F1E9A00B9C50458A323A84FE1CBF49" lsidName="O. simrothi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="simrothi">O. simrothi</taxonomicName>
|
||
arbitrarily to his specimens from New Guinea, based mostly on the preserved color and the width of the foot in relation to the hyponotum, aspects which do not suffice to distinguish species.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="312155916BD0B0E03BE56DC1F885AA9C" author="Hoffmann, H" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Jahrbuecher (Jena)" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="29 - 118" title="Zur Kenntnis der Oncidiiden." volume="55" year="1928">Hoffmann (1928)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
included both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="52613E7D63073078DC6B2C71D0F2054A" lsidName="O. nangkauriense" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="nangkauriense">O. nangkauriense</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7ACEB6465247A8EF013FCF4549B9AE6E" lsidName="O. simrothi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="simrothi">O. simrothi</taxonomicName>
|
||
in his revision but did not examine any new material or add further comment.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |