165 lines
12 KiB
XML
165 lines
12 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.68.729" ID-GBIF-Dataset="84c8a2ac-d7b8-46f3-9888-ce6c1485ac65" ID-PMC="PMC3088436" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-68-1" ID-PubMed="21594036" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2010" ModsDocID="1313-2970-68-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 68" ModsDocTitle="Skeletons in confusion: a review of astrophorid sponges with (dicho–)calthrops as structural megascleres (Porifera, Demospongiae, Astrophorida)" checkinTime="1451250894870" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Van Soest, Rob W. M., Beglinger, Elly J. & De Voogd, Nicole J." docDate="2010" docId="58838BF0112FCB2290F36F058FB1CAFE" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 68: 1-88" docOrigin="ZooKeys 68" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.68.729" docTitle="Dercitus (Stoeba) berau Soest, Beglinger & Voogd, 2010, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="35" masterDocId="5D0AFFB7C87613675E79FFF7DA38AE2E" masterDocTitle="Skeletons in confusion: a review of astrophorid sponges with (dicho-) calthrops as structural megascleres (Porifera, Demospongiae, Astrophorida)" masterLastPageNumber="88" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="33" updateTime="1668164561298" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>Skeletons in confusion: a review of astrophorid sponges with (dicho-) calthrops as structural megascleres (Porifera, Demospongiae, Astrophorida)</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Van Soest, Rob W. M.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Beglinger, Elly J.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>De Voogd, Nicole J.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part>
|
||
<mods:date>2010</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number>68</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end>88</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:location>
|
||
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.68.729</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.68.729</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-68-1</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="159360716" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:6960CBF1-D287-4513-A1C9-1777580A67F2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/58838BF0112FCB2290F36F058FB1CAFE" lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
|
||
<taxonomicName LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:6960CBF1-D287-4513-A1C9-1777580A67F2" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Dercitus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dercitus (Stoeba) berau" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="berau" subGenus="Stoeba">Dercitus Stoeba berau</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="32" pageNumber="33">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Figs 15
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–B16A–D">A-B16A-D</normalizedToken>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="material examined">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Material examined.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Holotype RMNH 4256, Indonesia, Kalimantan, Berau region, Derawan Islands, depth 10 m, coll. N.J. De Voogd, field nr. BER105/140808/055, SCUBA, 14 August 2008.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="33" lastPageNumber="34" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Description.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
|
||
Blackish grey lobate mass (Fig. 15A), approx. 20
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×15×">x15x</normalizedToken>
|
||
10 cm in size, surface in places speckled white by?coral sand and at the base the specimen is encrusted by a bluish sponge (
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Haliclona" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Haliclona" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Haliclona</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Oscules prominent on the summit of lobes, approx. 0.5 cm in diameter. Consistency firm, compressible. The preserved specimen is broken into two similar sized masses (Figs 15B, 16A). The black colour is maintained in alcohol and has strongly darkened the fluid and the labels.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Skeleton: difficult to study in the preserved condition due to the intense black colour, but structure is dense and unorganized, with a dense cover of microscleres at the surface.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
|
||
Spicules: calthrops, sanidasters and compressed spheraster-like microscleres (pseudasters); a few oxeas are present, but these belong to the encrusting
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Haliclona" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Haliclona" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Haliclona</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
|
||
Calthrops (Fig. 16B), generally regular in shape and cladi number, occasionally three-claded or five-claded; size highly variable, cladi 25
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–151.4–">-151.4-</normalizedToken>
|
||
280
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
5
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–17.2–">-17.2-</normalizedToken>
|
||
35
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="33" pageNumber="34" start="start">Sanidasters</pageBreakToken>
|
||
(Fig. 16C) of extreme variability in shape, long thin with short spines, thicker with prominent stubby spines and squat warty ones, with many intermediates; size 19
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–29.1–">-29.1-</normalizedToken>
|
||
42
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
1
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–5.1–">-5.1-</normalizedToken>
|
||
10 (spines 0.5
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–2.2–">-2.2-</normalizedToken>
|
||
4.5
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
|
||
Compressed sanidasters (pseudasters) (Fig. 16D), globular or oval with very short rays (usually less than 0.5
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
), diameter 8
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–11.4–">-11.4-</normalizedToken>
|
||
15
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
|
||
Figure 15.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Dercitus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dercitus (Halinastra) berau" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="berau" subGenus="Halinastra">Dercitus (Halinastra) berau</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n., holotype RMNH 4256, from Indonesia, Kalimantan, A photographed in situ B photographed just after collection (photos N.J. De Voogd).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
|
||
Figure 16.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Dercitus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dercitus (Halinastra) berau" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="berau" subGenus="Halinastra">Dercitus (Halinastra) berau</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n., holotype RMNH 4256, A Habit after preservation B calthrops C various sanidasters D various aster-like compressed sanidasters.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Named after the Berau region, East Kalimantan.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="habitat">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Habitat.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Shallow open reef localities.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="33" pageNumber="34">So far known only from the type locality E of Kalimantan.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
|
||
Despite the long distance between the locality of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Dercitus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dercitus (Halinastra) exostoticus" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="exostoticus" subGenus="Halinastra">Dercitus (Halinastra) exostoticus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Red Sea) and the present locality, there are compelling similarities in shape, colour and spicule sizes between the new species and exostoticus. The major difference between the two is the length and robustness of the sanidasters (up to 42
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Dercitus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dercitus (Halinastra) berau" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="berau" subGenus="Halinastra">Dercitus (Halinastra) berau</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. against max. 27.5
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Dercitus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dercitus (Halinastra) exostoticus" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="exostoticus" subGenus="Halinastra">Dercitus (Halinastra) exostoticus</taxonomicName>
|
||
). We also believe that the habit and the choanosome pigmentation will prove to be distinct in the
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="34" pageNumber="35" start="start">two</pageBreakToken>
|
||
, but the absence of observations of living
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Dercitus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dercitus (Halinastra) exostoticus" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="exostoticus" subGenus="Halinastra">Dercitus (Halinastra) exostoticus</taxonomicName>
|
||
precludes definite conclusions.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Dercitus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dercitus (Halinastra) berau" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="berau" subGenus="Halinastra">Dercitus (Halinastra) berau</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Dercitus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dercitus (Halinastra) japonensis" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="japonensis" subGenus="Halinastra">Dercitus (Halinastra) japonensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. (see below) in the more robust condition of the sanidasters, the more oval, not completely euaster-like condition of the compressed sanidasters of the Japanese specimens. Also the length of the calthrops cladi appears less in the
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Dercitus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dercitus (Halinastra) japonensis" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="japonensis" subGenus="Halinastra">Dercitus (Halinastra) japonensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. See also Table 3.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |