218 lines
26 KiB
XML
218 lines
26 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.778.25775" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a051d02c-d2a6-48d8-9b52-243409f7735c" ID-PMC="PMC6082922" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-778-1" ID-PubMed="30104914" ID-ZBK="C61BB5E5A1DB483E83403DB71A69191F" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2018" ModsDocID="1313-2970-778-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 778" ModsDocTitle="Revision of the World species of the genus Chromoteleia Ashmead (Hymenoptera, Platygastridae, Scelioninae)" checkinTime="1533208250173" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Chen, Hua-yan, Talamas, Elijah J., Valerio, Alejandro A., Masner, Lubomir & Johnson, Norman F." docDate="2018" docId="45274C3E4506FCBE853E768CF3405FA3" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 778: 1-95" docOrigin="ZooKeys 778" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.778.25775" docTitle="Chromoteleia Ashmead" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="FF9C4529B34F3746FFDD5736FB20853F" masterDocTitle="Revision of the World species of the genus Chromoteleia Ashmead (Hymenoptera, Platygastridae, Scelioninae)" masterLastPageNumber="95" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1668166106366" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Revision of the World species of the genus Chromoteleia Ashmead (Hymenoptera, Platygastridae, Scelioninae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Chen, Hua-yan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Talamas, Elijah J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Valerio, Alejandro A.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Masner, Lubomir</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Johnson, Norman F.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2018</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>778</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>95</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.778.25775</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.778.25775</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-778-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">C61BB5E5A1DB483E83403DB71A69191F</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">C61BB5E5A1DB483E83403DB71A69191F</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="146770650" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:45274C3E4506FCBE853E768CF3405FA3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/45274C3E4506FCBE853E768CF3405FA3" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/25D9A544-B778-4365-9542-1E942D25AAF9" authority="Ashmead" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Chromoteleia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chromoteleia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Chromoteleia Ashmead</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Chromoteleia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chromoteleia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Chromoteleia</taxonomicName>
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Ashmead, 1893: 209, 211, 219 Type:
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Chromoteleia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chromoteleia semicyanea" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="semicyanea">Chromoteleia semicyanea</taxonomicName>
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Ashmead, by monotypy and original designation (keyed);
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<bibRefCitation author="Ashmead, WH" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society of London" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="188 - 254" title="Report on the parasitic Cynipidae, part of the Braconidae, the Ichneumonidae, the Proctotrypidae, and part of the Chalcidinae. Part III." volume="25" year="1894">Ashmead 1894</bibRefCitation>
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: 216 (keyed);
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<bibRefCitation author="Dalla Torre, CG de" journalOrPublisher="Sumptibus Guilelmi Engelmann, Lipsiae" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" title="Catalogus hymenopterorum hucusque descriptiorum systematicus et synonymicus. Vol. V: Chalcididae et Proctotrupidae." year="1898">Dalla Torre 1898</bibRefCitation>
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: 501 (catalog of species);
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<bibRefCitation author="Ashmead, WH" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="207 - 367" title="Report upon the aculeate Hymenoptera of the islands of St. Vincent and Grenada, with additions to the parasitic Hymenoptera and a list of the described Hymenoptera of the West Indies." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2311.1900.tb02379.x" volume="1900" year="1900">Ashmead 1900</bibRefCitation>
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: 327 (list of species of West Indies);
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<bibRefCitation author="Ashmead, WH" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the New York Entomological Society" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="86 - 99" title="Classification of the pointed-tailed wasps, or the superfamily Proctotrypoidea. - III." volume="11" year="1903">Ashmead, 1903</bibRefCitation>
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: 91, 93 (keyed);
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<bibRefCitation author="Kieffer, JJ" journalOrPublisher="Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="258 - 278" title="Beschreibung neuer im Naturhistorischen Museum zu Hamburg aufbewahrter Proctotrypiden und Evaniidae." volume="51" year="1907">Kieffer 1907</bibRefCitation>
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: 266 (key to species);
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<bibRefCitation author="Brues, CT" journalOrPublisher="Genera Insectorum" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 59" title="Hymenoptera. Fam. Scelionidae." volume="80" year="1908">Brues 1908</bibRefCitation>
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: 26, 27, 28, 35 (diagnosis, keyed, list of species);
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<bibRefCitation author="Kieffer, JJ" journalOrPublisher="Memoires" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="111 - 250" title="Revision des Scelionidae (Hymenopteres). Annales de la Societe Scientifique de Bruxelles." volume="32" year="1908 b">Kieffer 1908b</bibRefCitation>
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: 115 (keyed);
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<bibRefCitation author="Kieffer, JJ" journalOrPublisher="Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="287 - 348" title="Description de nouveaux microhymenopteres du Bresil." volume="78" year="1910 a">Kieffer 1910a</bibRefCitation>
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: 312 (key to species);
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<bibRefCitation author="Kieffer, JJ" journalOrPublisher="Genera Insectorum" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="61 - 112" title="Hymenoptera. Fam. Scelionidae. Addenda et corrigenda." volume="80" year="1910 b">Kieffer 1910b</bibRefCitation>
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: 62, 68 (description, list of species, keyed);
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<bibRefCitation author="Kieffer, JJ" journalOrPublisher="Species des Hymenopteres d'Europe et d'Algerie" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="161 - 304" title="Proctotrypidae (3 e partie)." volume="11" year="1913">Kieffer 1913</bibRefCitation>
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: 224 (description);
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<bibRefCitation author="Kieffer, JJ" journalOrPublisher="Walter de Gruyter & Co., Berlin" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" title="Scelionidae. Das Tierreich. Vol. 48." year="1926">Kieffer 1926</bibRefCitation>
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: 269, 406 (description, keyed);
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<bibRefCitation author="Muesebeck, CFW" journalOrPublisher="National Museum" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="319 - 419" title="Type species of the genera and subgenera of parasitic wasps comprising the superfamily Proctotrupoidea (order Hymenoptera). Proceedings of the U. S." url="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.3359.319" volume="105" year="1956">Muesebeck and Walkley 1956</bibRefCitation>
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: 342 (citation of type species);
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<bibRefCitation author="Masner, L" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 87" title="Revisionary notes and keys to world genera of Scelionidae (Hymenoptera: Proctotrupoidea)." url="https://doi.org/10.4039/entm10897fv" volume="97" year="1976">Masner 1976</bibRefCitation>
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: 23, 24 (description, synonymy; key to separate
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Baryconus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Baryconus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Baryconus</taxonomicName>
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Forster,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Bracalba" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bracalba" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Bracalba</taxonomicName>
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Dodd,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Chromoteleia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chromoteleia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Chromoteleia</taxonomicName>
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Ashmead,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Oxyscelio" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oxyscelio" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Oxyscelio</taxonomicName>
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Kieffer);
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<bibRefCitation author="Carpenter, FM" journalOrPublisher="The Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" title="Arthropoda 4. Superclass Hexopoda. Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part R." year="1992">Carpenter 1992</bibRefCitation>
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: 471 (fossil references);
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<bibRefCitation author="Johnson, NF" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 825" title="Catalog of world Proctotrupoidea excluding Platygastridae." volume="51" year="1992">Johnson 1992</bibRefCitation>
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: 363 (cataloged, catalog of world species);
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<bibRefCitation author="Loiacono, MS" journalOrPublisher="Neotropical Entomology" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="551 - 560" title="Ceraphronoidea, Platygastroidea and Proctotrupoidea from Brazil (Hymenoptera)." url="https://doi.org/10.1590/S1519-566X2002000400007" volume="31" year="2002">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Loiácono">Loiacono</normalizedToken>
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and
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Margaría">Margaria</normalizedToken>
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2002
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 557 (catalog of Brazilian species).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Petalosema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Petalosema" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Petalosema</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation author="Kieffer, JJ" journalOrPublisher="Walter de Gruyter & Co., Berlin" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" title="Scelionidae. Das Tierreich. Vol. 48." year="1926">Kieffer 1926</bibRefCitation>
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: 267, 358. Type:
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Chromoteleia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chromoteleia rufithorax" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufithorax">Chromoteleia rufithorax</taxonomicName>
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Kieffer, by original description (keyed, key to species), designated by
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<bibRefCitation author="Muesebeck, CFW" journalOrPublisher="National Museum" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="319 - 419" title="Type species of the genera and subgenera of parasitic wasps comprising the superfamily Proctotrupoidea (order Hymenoptera). Proceedings of the U. S." url="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.3359.319" volume="105" year="1956">Muesebeck and Walkley 1956</bibRefCitation>
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. Synonymized by
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<bibRefCitation author="Masner, L" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 87" title="Revisionary notes and keys to world genera of Scelionidae (Hymenoptera: Proctotrupoidea)." url="https://doi.org/10.4039/entm10897fv" volume="97" year="1976">Masner (1976)</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Muesebeck, CFW" journalOrPublisher="National Museum" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="319 - 419" title="Type species of the genera and subgenera of parasitic wasps comprising the superfamily Proctotrupoidea (order Hymenoptera). Proceedings of the U. S." url="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.3359.319" volume="105" year="1956">Muesebeck and Walkley 1956</bibRefCitation>
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: 336 (citation of type species);
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<bibRefCitation author="De Santis, L" journalOrPublisher="Editora da Universidade Federal do Parana, Curitiba, Brazil" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" title="Catalogo de los himenopteros brasilenos de la serie Parasitica incluyendo Bethyloidea." year="1980">De Santis 1980</bibRefCitation>
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: 310: (catalog of species of Brazil).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">http://zoobank.org/E5906ABF-3A4D-4005-BFEC-13B2AEBD6E81</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">http://bioguid.osu.edu/xbiod_concepts/8521</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Length 3.38-9.20 mm; body elongate, robust.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Head. Head shape in dorsal view: transverse. Vertex: densely punctate to punctate rugose. Hyperoccipital carina: absent. Occipital carina: present, complete or broadly interrupted medially. OOL: lateral ocellus nearly contiguous with inner orbits, OOL <0.5 OD; lateral ocellus contiguous with inner orbit. Upper frons: convex, without frontal shelf or carina, punctate rugose. Antennal scrobe: broadly convex to concave medially with distinct depression. Submedian carina: absent. Orbital carina: absent. Inner orbits: diverging ventrally. IOS/EH: IOS distinctly less than EH. Interantennal process: short, often excavate medially. Central keel: present or absent. Antennal foramen: oriented laterally on interantennal process. Facial striae: absent. Malar sulcus: present. Malar striae: absent. Setation of compound eye: absent. Gena: broad, convex, distinctly produced behind eye. Clypeus shape: narrow, slightly convex medially, lateral corners not produced. Anterior (or ventral) margin of clypeus: pointed; straight. Labrum: not visible in anterior view. Number of mandibular teeth: 3. Arrangement of mandibular teeth: transverse. Number of maxillary palpomeres: 4. Shape of maxillary palpomeres: cylindrical. Number of labial palpomeres: 2.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Antenna. Number of antennomeres in female: 12. Number of antennomeres in male: 12. Insertion of radicle into A1: parallel to longitudinal axis of A1. Shape of A1: more or less cylindrical, not flattened. Length of A3 of female: distinctly longer than A2. Number of antennomeres with basiconic sensilla in female: 5; 6. Number of antennomeres with basiconic sensilla in female: 5; 6. Arrangement of sensilla on female clava: in longitudinal pairs. Number of antennomeres bearing tyloids in male antenna: 1. Shape of male flagellum: filiform.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Mesosoma. Posterior apex of pronotum in dorsal view: straight, bifid apically to articulate with tegula. Epomial carina: present. Anterior face of pronotum: oblique, visible dorsally, short. Lateral face of pronotum: weakly concave below position of dorsal epomial carina. Netrion: present. Netrion shape: moderately wide, open ventrally. Anterior portion of mesoscutum: vertical, flexed ventrally to meet pronotum. Mesoscutum shape: pentagonal, excavate at base of wings. Skaphion: absent.
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<taxonomicName genus="Notauli" lsidName="Notauli" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="genus">Notauli</taxonomicName>
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: present, percurrent. Parapsidal lines: absent. Antero-admedian lines: absent. Transscutal articulation: well-developed, narrow. Shape of mesoscutellum: trapezoidal, without spines. Lateral mesoscutellar spine: absent. Median mesoscutellar spine: absent. Axillular spine: absent. Surface of mesoscutellum: convex throughout. Median longitudinal furrow on mesoscutellum: absent. Metascutellum: clearly differentiated. Shape of metascutellum: trapezoidal with broad posterior margin; elongate trapezoidal but with deeply incised apex, forming two spines laterally. Posterior margin of metascutellum: straight; concave; convex. Setation of metascutellum: present.
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<taxonomicName genus="Metapostnotum" lsidName="Metapostnotum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="genus">Metapostnotum</taxonomicName>
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: fused to propodeum. Lateral propodeal projection: absent. Medial propodeal projection: absent. Mesopleural carina: present. Mesal course of acetabular carina: not separating fore coxae. Setation of subalar pit: present. Mesopleural pit: present. Posterodorsal corner of mesopleuron: rounded anteriorly.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Legs. Number of mesotibial spurs: 1. Number of metatibial spurs: 1. Dorsal surface of metacoxa: smooth; punctate. Shape of metacoxa: cylindrical, ecarinate. Trochantellus: indicated by transverse sulcus on femur.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Wings. Wing development of female: macropterous. Wing development of male: macropterous. Tubular veins in fore wing: present. Bulla of fore wing R: absent. Length of marginal vein of fore wing: punctiform, R terminating at costal margin. Origin of r-rs in fore wing: basal of point at which R meets costal margin. Basal vein (Rs+M) in fore wing: spectral; nebulous. Development of R vein in hind wing: complete.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Metasoma. Number of external metasomal tergites in female: 6. Number of external metasoma sternites in female: 6. Number of external metasomal tergites in male: 7. Number of external metasomal sternites in male: 7. Shape of metasoma: lanceolate. Laterotergites: present, narrow. Laterosternites: present. T1 of female: flat; medially convex as a small hump anteriorly. Relative size of metasomal segments: T2-T3 subequal in length, remaining terga shorter. Metasomal tergites with basal crenulae: T2. Sublateral carinae on tergites: present. Median longitudinal carina on metasomal terga: absent. Shape of female T6: flattened; laterally compressed. Anterior margin of S1: not produced anteriorly, straight. Felt fields on S2: absent. Felt fields on S3: absent. Ovipositor:
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Scelio" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scelio" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Scelio</taxonomicName>
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-type (
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<bibRefCitation author="Austin, AD" journalOrPublisher="Invertebrate Taxonomy" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 87" title="The ovipositor system of scelionid and platygastrid wasps (Hymenoptera: Platygastroidea): comparative morphology and phylogenetic implications." url="https://doi.org/10.1071/IT95048" volume="11" year="1997">Austin and Field 1997</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="generic diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Generic diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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The large size and distinctive characters of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Chromoteleia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chromoteleia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Chromoteleia</taxonomicName>
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(metascutellum large and setose, propodeum without projections, marginal vein of fore wing punctiform) make it a relatively easy genus to identify. The setation of the metascutellum is found in relatively few scelionine genera, typically among the more robust genera, and is a useful diagnostic character.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Chromoteleia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chromoteleia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Chromoteleia</taxonomicName>
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appears closest to
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Bracalba" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bracalba" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Bracalba</taxonomicName>
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Dodd and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Romilius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Romilius" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Romilius</taxonomicName>
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Walker, from which it can be separated by the setation of the eyes (absent in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Chromoteleia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chromoteleia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Chromoteleia</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="comments">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Comments.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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The distribution of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Chromoteleia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chromoteleia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Chromoteleia</taxonomicName>
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in Africa and South America is a phenomenon of biogeographical interest. Dispersal from South America to Africa has been demonstrated in the parasitoid wasp genus
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eucharitidae" genus="Kapala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Kapala" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Kapala</taxonomicName>
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Cameron (
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<taxonomicName family="Eucharitidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="family">Eucharitidae</taxonomicName>
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) (
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<bibRefCitation author="Murray, EA" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Biogeography" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="1750 - 1761" title="Invading Africa: a novel transoceanic dispersal by a New World ant parasitoid." url="10.1111/jbi.12789" volume="43" year="2016">Murray and Heraty 2016</bibRefCitation>
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) and a similar event could explain the disjunct distribution of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Chromoteleia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chromoteleia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Chromoteleia</taxonomicName>
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. Alternatively, the dispersal event could have occurred in the opposite direction, followed by radiation in the New World tropics. While there is no direct evidence that the distribution of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Chromoteleia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chromoteleia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Chromoteleia</taxonomicName>
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represents relictual populations, this is likely the case with other scelionine taxa. For example,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Archaeoteleia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Archaeoteleia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Archaeoteleia</taxonomicName>
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Masner, which today is known from New Zealand and South America, has been documented from Burmese amber (Talamas et al. 2017), suggesting that the extant fauna of this genus is the remainder of a once widespread distribution.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Chromoteleia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chromoteleia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Chromoteleia</taxonomicName>
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is widespread in continental Mesoamerica, Central America, and South America. It is found as far north as the Mexican state of Jalisco, and in the south extends to
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Itapúa">Itapua</normalizedToken>
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Department in Paraguay and
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Paraná">Parana</normalizedToken>
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in southern Brazil. It is noteworthy, though, that it is entirely absent from the Greater Antilles. In the Lesser Antilles, one species,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. semicyanea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="semicyanea">C. semicyanea</taxonomicName>
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, apparently is endemic in St. Vincent, and a second,
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|
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. aequalis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="aequalis">C. aequalis</taxonomicName>
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, is known from Dominica (as well as Guyana). This is unusual for scelionines of comparable size and presumed biology: genera such as
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Scelio" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scelio" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Scelio</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Baryconus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Baryconus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Baryconus</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Macroteleia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Macroteleia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Macroteleia</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Triteleia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Triteleia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Triteleia</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Opisthacantha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Opisthacantha" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Opisthacantha</taxonomicName>
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are common and richly represented in species throughout the Caribbean.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |