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<document id="DA8646E7F30D85661A72E6AA549BAC4D" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.179332" ID-GBIF-Dataset="fda1599d-74e1-4b04-8783-217c0d1968b7" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="179332" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459966099030" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Justine, Jean-Lou" docDate="2007" docId="0E7374055155FFB6D5FDFB3CFAA814C2" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01628p041.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1628" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleId="6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Huffmanela longa Justine, 2007, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="35" masterDocId="F24A0C7D515DFFBAD56AFFA1FFFF1009" masterDocTitle="Huffmanela spp. (Nematoda, Trichosomoididae) parasites in coral reef fishes off New Caledonia, with descriptions of H. balista n. sp. and H. longa n. sp." masterLastPageNumber="41" masterPageNumber="23" pageNumber="31" updateTime="1698231100346" updateUser="plazi">
<mods:mods id="4ADACFD138F852BF58A7F2743892388B" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="3FAD310EB2230EE270323A1E36401B39">
<mods:title id="CA2CF7223A5BEBDADD20900013D4D401">Huffmanela spp. (Nematoda, Trichosomoididae) parasites in coral reef fishes off New Caledonia, with descriptions of H. balista n. sp. and H. longa n. sp.</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="1AA64D2398C59EC4436C88711EA0C39B" type="personal">
<mods:role id="6D6CC653C9FCA7D84A8CA835160B4357">
<mods:roleTerm id="9A62E19F308E1F510DD8A49EBFF9C9B6">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="08EB11A817E6D11023075707EB7F6206">Justine, Jean-Lou</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="A2FB141291270B23653CC9A3B5DFBB46">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="236D2B41748825884862CFD79D2B98D5" type="host">
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<mods:title id="E86F36FF88B003ADD82C04D2093E0135">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="C1E8A50F3E8E450D0AF3D31681A75ACB">
<mods:date id="7E4977A9C77F7BF654C917CBC0D257C1">2007</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="9B31B49C4742A4EFF425E55C73E21D5B" type="volume">
<mods:number id="5D186E527F4B486588A1FD9BFFD4CEE2">1628</mods:number>
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</mods:extent>
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<mods:classification id="A6723DBF015C73C2B95BF237C8E70E57">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="4C0A2A6D7BEA0B7C524F8018C9226E1B" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.179332</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="B8379E8F9DCAB08020D77F852B0E463E" type="GBIF-Dataset">fda1599d-74e1-4b04-8783-217c0d1968b7</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="F2E89B72D0BE2685FCB62F2DC4032785" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="6511D427A200C54541AA950D3C11D41F" type="Zenodo-Dep">179332</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="0E7374055155FFB6D5FDFB3CFAA814C2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6247500" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119377289" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6247500" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C4CDD42F-EF73-4495-815F-9C574249DE3C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0E7374055155FFB6D5FDFB3CFAA814C2" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="8" pageNumber="31">
<subSubSection id="CEC096985155FFB2D5FDFB3CFEEE14D3" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8665C5135155FFB2D5FDFB3CFE3F14BE" blockId="8.[151,448,1181,1242]" box="[151,448,1181,1207]" pageId="8" pageNumber="31">
<heading id="DD2D727F5155FFB2D5FDFB3CFE3F14BE" bold="true" box="[151,448,1181,1207]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B4AE19015155FFB2D5FDFB3CFE3F14BE" bold="true" box="[151,448,1181,1207]" pageId="8" pageNumber="31">
<taxonomicName id="41DABE905155FFB2D5FDFB3CFE8914BE" box="[151,374,1181,1207]" class="Enoplea" family="Trichosomoididae" genus="Huffmanela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichocephalida" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="longa" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B4AE19015155FFB2D5FDFB3CFE8914BE" bold="true" box="[151,374,1181,1207]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="31">Huffmanela longa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="AF9DA47A5155FFB2D417FB3CFE3F14BE" box="[381,448,1181,1207]" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8665C5135155FFB2D5FDFB61FEEE14D3" blockId="8.[151,448,1181,1242]" box="[151,273,1216,1242]" pageId="8" pageNumber="31">
(
<figureCitation id="1EE1D9965155FFB2D5F5FB61FEF814D3" box="[159,263,1216,1242]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 4" captionStart-1="FIGURE 5" captionStartId-0="12.[151,254,151,175]" captionStartId-1="12.[151,254,937,961]" captionTargetBox-1="[314,1245,488,896]" captionTargetId-1="figure@12.[313,1275,423,934]" captionTargetPageId-1="12" captionText-0="FIGURE 4. Adult female and eggs of Huffmanela longa n. sp. from Gymnocranius grandoculis. A – D. Holotype female. A. Anterior end. B. Long stichocyte. C. Vulva and oesophago-intestinal junction. D. Bacillary band. E – M. Eggs. E – G. Eggs from mesentery, fish JNC 1726. E. Unembryonated egg with superficial longitudinal folds. H – I. Eggs from body wall, fish JNC 2166. J – M. Eggs from outer layer of swimbladder, fish JNC 2166. L. Shell of aborted egg with longitudinal folds." captionText-1="FIGURE 5. Histogram of egg length of the two Huffmanela species parasitic in Gymnocranius grandoculis. JNC 892: eggs from the gills, syntypes of H. filamentosa Justine, 2004. JNC 1726, JNC 2166, JNC 2174, eggs of H. lata n. sp. JNC 1726: eggs from the mesentery. JNC 2166 and JNC 2174: eggs from the swimbladder." httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/179335/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="31">Figs 4–5</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CEC096985155FFB2D5FDFAABFCCC15CD" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" type="description">
<paragraph id="8665C5135155FFB2D5FDFAABFC45152D" blockId="8.[151,1437,1290,2036]" box="[151,954,1290,1316]" pageId="8" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis id="B4AE19015155FFB2D5FDFAABFEE4152D" bold="true" box="[151,283,1290,1316]" pageId="8" pageNumber="31">Type-host:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="41DABE905155FFB2D449FAAAFC45152D" authority="Valenciennes" authorityName="Valenciennes" box="[291,954,1290,1316]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Lethrinidae" genus="Gymnocranius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grandoculis">
<emphasis id="B4AE19015155FFB2D449FAAAFD9C152D" box="[291,611,1291,1316]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="31">Gymnocranius grandoculis</emphasis>
(Valenciennes) (Lethrinidae)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8665C5135155FFB2D5ADFA93FE311595" blockId="8.[151,1437,1290,2036]" pageId="8" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis id="B4AE19015155FFB2D5ADFA93FEE91545" bold="true" box="[199,278,1330,1356]" pageId="8" pageNumber="31">Hosts:</emphasis>
Three infected hosts were found: JNC1726,
<date id="F264E3D35155FFB2D642FA93FC661545" box="[808,921,1330,1356]" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" value="2006-01-24">24.i.2006</date>
, FL 570, W 3500; JNC2166,
<date id="F264E3D35155FFB2D19DFA93FA921545" box="[1271,1389,1330,1356]" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" value="2007-05-15">15.v.2007</date>
, FL 595, W 3800; JNC2174,
<date id="F264E3D35155FFB2D4A8FAFBFDCB157D" box="[450,564,1370,1396]" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" value="2007-06-05">5.vi.2007</date>
, FL 365, W 1050. All from near Récif Toombo, off Nouméa,
<collectingCountry id="FECD85835155FFB2D076FAFBFF241595" name="New Caledonia" pageId="8" pageNumber="31">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
,
<geoCoordinate id="E3EEA3D45155FFB2D58CFA23FEB61595" box="[230,329,1410,1436]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" precision="925" value="-22.533333">22°32’S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="E3EEA3D45155FFB2D43FFA23FE351595" box="[341,458,1410,1436]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" precision="925" value="166.46666">166°28’E</geoCoordinate>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8665C5135155FFB2D5ADFA0BFCCC15CD" blockId="8.[151,1437,1290,2036]" box="[199,819,1450,1476]" pageId="8" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis id="B4AE19015155FFB2D5ADFA0BFE8C15CD" bold="true" box="[199,371,1450,1476]" pageId="8" pageNumber="31">Type-locality:</emphasis>
Lagoon off Nouméa,
<collectingCountry id="FECD85835155FFB2D71CFA0BFCD015CD" box="[630,815,1450,1476]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="8" pageNumber="31">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CEC096985155FFB2D5ADFA73FE3616BD" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8665C5135155FFB2D5ADFA73FBFF15E5" blockId="8.[151,1437,1290,2036]" box="[199,1024,1490,1516]" pageId="8" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis id="B4AE19015155FFB2D5ADFA73FE4215E5" bold="true" box="[199,445,1490,1516]" pageId="8" pageNumber="31">Material examined:</emphasis>
a single incomplete female (
<typeStatus id="59617BB15155FFB2D664FA73FC8415E5" box="[782,891,1490,1516]" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
); laid eggs.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8665C5135155FFB2D5ADFA5BFED2166D" blockId="8.[151,1437,1290,2036]" pageId="8" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis id="B4AE19015155FFB2D5ADFA5BFE14161D" bold="true" box="[199,491,1530,1556]" pageId="8" pageNumber="31">Deposition of material:</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="59617BB15155FFB2D49FFA5BFD9A161D" box="[501,613,1530,1556]" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
,
<collectionCode id="E0CB5DD65155FFB2D71EFA5BFD2E161D" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" box="[628,721,1530,1556]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="8" pageNumber="31">MNHN</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="E0CB5DD65155FFB2D7B5FA5BFCEA161D" box="[735,789,1530,1556]" pageId="8" pageNumber="31">JNC</collectionCode>
2174; vouchers of eggs,
<collectionCode id="E0CB5DD65155FFB2D151FA5BFB67161D" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" box="[1083,1176,1530,1556]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="8" pageNumber="31">MNHN</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="E0CB5DD65155FFB2D1CCFA5BFB22161D" box="[1190,1245,1530,1556]" pageId="8" pageNumber="31">JNC</collectionCode>
1726,
<collectionCode id="E0CB5DD65155FFB2D04CFA5BFAA3161D" box="[1318,1372,1530,1556]" pageId="8" pageNumber="31">JNC</collectionCode>
2166,
<collectionCode id="E0CB5DD65155FFB2D5FDF983FF321635" box="[151,205,1570,1596]" pageId="8" pageNumber="31">JNC</collectionCode>
2174; vouchers of eggs from fish
<collectionCode id="E0CB5DD65155FFB2D73EF983FD751635" box="[596,650,1570,1596]" pageId="8" pageNumber="31">JNC</collectionCode>
2166,
<collectionCode id="E0CB5DD65155FFB2D7B8F983FCEA1635" box="[722,789,1570,1596]" pageId="8" pageNumber="31">HCIP</collectionCode>
, N-881;
<collectionCode id="E0CB5DD65155FFB2D613F983FC2B1635" box="[889,980,1570,1596]" pageId="8" pageNumber="31">BMNH</collectionCode>
, 2007.7.12.2;
<collectionCode id="E0CB5DD65155FFB2D110F983FB231635" box="[1146,1244,1570,1596]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ppqr-es1r" name="United States National Parasite Collection" pageId="8" pageNumber="31">USNPC</collectionCode>
, 99978;
<collectionCode id="E0CB5DD65155FFB2D02AF983FA671635" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34982" box="[1344,1432,1570,1596]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34982" name="South Australia Museum" pageId="8" pageNumber="31">SAMA</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="E0CB5DD65155FFB2D5FDF9EBFF2A166D" box="[151,213,1610,1636]" pageId="8" pageNumber="31">AHC</collectionCode>
34776.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8665C5135155FFB2D5ADF9D3FE3616BD" blockId="8.[151,1437,1290,2036]" pageId="8" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis id="B4AE19015155FFB2D5ADF9D3FE6D1685" bold="true" box="[199,402,1650,1676]" pageId="8" pageNumber="31">Site of infection:</emphasis>
Eggs laid within mesentery, external mucosa of swimbladder, and mucosa of dorsal wall of abdominal body cavity.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CEC096985155FFB2D5ADF963FB1F175D" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8665C5135155FFB2D5ADF963FB1F175D" blockId="8.[151,1437,1290,2036]" pageId="8" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis id="B4AE19015155FFB2D5ADF963FD5216D5" bold="true" box="[199,685,1730,1756]" pageId="8" pageNumber="31">Remarks on infection and prevalence:</emphasis>
In fish JNC1726, the eggs formed a dark spot, about
<quantity id="412268F65155FFB2D054F963FA8416D5" box="[1342,1403,1730,1756]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" unit="cm" value="1.0">1 cm</quantity>
in diameter, on the mesentery attached to the gonad; no other organ was infected. In fish JNC2166 and JNC2174, the eggs were found on the surface of two organs: the outer mucosa of the swimbladder and the mucosa of the dorsal wall of the abdominal cavity; no other organ was infected. Prevalence was 3/12 (25%).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CEC096985155FFB2D5ADF8C3FCA31775" box="[199,860,1890,1916]" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8665C5135155FFB2D5ADF8C3FCA31775" blockId="8.[151,1437,1290,2036]" box="[199,860,1890,1916]" pageId="8" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis id="B4AE19015155FFB2D5ADF8C3FEA81775" bold="true" box="[199,343,1890,1916]" pageId="8" pageNumber="31">Etymology:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="41DABE905155FFB2D435F8C2FE5D1775" box="[351,418,1891,1916]" class="Enoplea" family="Trichosomoididae" genus="Huffmanela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichocephalida" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="longa">
<emphasis id="B4AE19015155FFB2D435F8C2FE5D1775" box="[351,418,1891,1916]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="31">longa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, long in Latin, for the length of body.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CEC096985155FFB2D5ADF82BFA7117FD" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8665C5135155FFB2D5ADF82BFA7117FD" blockId="8.[151,1437,1290,2036]" pageId="8" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis id="B4AE19015155FFB2D5ADF82BFD9B17AD" bold="true" box="[199,612,1930,1956]" pageId="8" pageNumber="31">Comparative material examined:</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="59617BB15155FFB2D701F82BFD2D17AD" box="[619,722,1930,1956]" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="41DABE905155FFB2D79DF82AFB4B17AD" authority="Justine, 2004" authorityName="Justine" authorityYear="2004" box="[759,1204,1930,1956]" class="Enoplea" family="Trichosomoididae" genus="Huffmanela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichocephalida" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="filamentosa">
<emphasis id="B4AE19015155FFB2D79DF82AFBEE17AD" box="[759,1041,1931,1956]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="31">Huffmanela filamentosa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="E24BB8E25155FFB2D17DF82BFB4B17AD" author="Justine" box="[1047,1204,1930,1956]" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" refString="Justine, J. - L. (2004) Three new species of Huffmanela Moravec, 1987 (Nematoda, Trichosomoididae) from the gills of marine fish off New Caledonia. Systematic Parasitology, 59, 29 - 37." type="journal article" year="2004">Justine, 2004</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<collectionCode id="E0CB5DD65155FFB2D1D5F82BFAE717AD" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" box="[1215,1304,1930,1956]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="8" pageNumber="31">MNHN</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="E0CB5DD65155FFB2D075F82BFAA917AD" box="[1311,1366,1930,1956]" pageId="8" pageNumber="31">JNC</collectionCode>
892A. A slide with eggs kept in lactophenol for more than 3 years was examined using the same methods and microscope as the new species, and measurements were consistent with those of the original publication (
<tableCitation id="CB58F0A85155FFB2D04FF87BFA7E17FD" box="[1317,1409,2010,2036]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="10.[151,239,351,375]" captionTargetBox="[159,1423,442,849]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="TABLE 4. Measurements of eggs of Huffmanela filamentosa and H. longa, both from Gymnocranius grandoculis. See also histogram in Figure 5." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/D2A5959B5157FFB0D5FDFEFEFE4A1190" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" tableUuid="D2A5959B5157FFB0D5FDFEFEFE4A1190">Table 4</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CEC096985154FFB6D5ADFF36FAA814C2" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" type="description">
<paragraph id="8665C5135154FFB3D5ADFF36FAA91173" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,738]" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">
<emphasis id="B4AE19015154FFB3D5ADFF36FEDD10B8" bold="true" box="[199,290,151,177]" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">Female</emphasis>
[from
<typeStatus id="59617BB15154FFB3D419FF39FE2310BB" box="[371,476,152,178]" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, immature]. Body length (incomplete) 20730, maximum width 32, width of cephalic end 11. Length of entire oesophagus 6720, length of muscular oesophagus 181, length of posterior part (broken) 14010. Muscular oesophagus without differentiation between cuticularised and non-cuticularised part. Length of stichosome 6510, approximately 35 stichocytes; long stichocytes
<quantity id="412268F65154FFB3D112FEB1FB391123" box="[1144,1222,272,298]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5118" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" unit="in" value="217.0">217 in</quantity>
length and
<quantity id="412268F65154FFB3D036FEB1FA631123" box="[1372,1436,272,298]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.588" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" unit="in" value="22.0">22 in</quantity>
width. Lateral bacillary bands
<quantity id="412268F65154FFB3D496FE99FDB9115B" box="[508,582,312,338]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.397" metricValueMax="1.524" metricValueMin="1.27" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" unit="in" value="5.5" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="5.0">5–6 in</quantity>
width. Vulva situated slightly posterior to oesophago-intestinal junction, 40 from end of oesophagus; vulva not elevated, no vulvar appendage. No immature eggs seen in uterus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8665C5135154FFB3D5ADFE26FE2E12EB" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,738]" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">
<emphasis id="B4AE19015154FFB3D5ADFE26FE8311A8" bold="true" box="[199,380,391,417]" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">Eggs in tissue.</emphasis>
Mature eggs yellow or yellow-brown, with visible larvae; no dark-brown or black eggs found. Eggs elongate, with slightly protruding plugs. Size of eggs including polar plug, from swimbladder, JNC2166, 66.0 ± 2.6 (58–72) × 26.6 ± 1.7 (23–32) (n = 121); egg wall 2–4. For measurements of eggs from other fish and organs, see
<tableCitation id="CB58F0A85154FFB3D4BAFDA1FDD51213" box="[464,554,512,538]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="9.[151,239,791,815]" captionTargetBox="[159,1400,848,1084]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="TABLE 3. Egg measurements of Huffmanela longa, JNC 2166, from swimbladder and body wall." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/D2A5959B5154FFB3D5FDFCB6FB581326" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" tableUuid="D2A5959B5154FFB3D5FDFCB6FB581326">Table 3</tableCitation>
. Fully developed larvae in most eggs. Surface of eggs apparently smooth. Superficial envelope of eggs: presence of filaments at both extremities; filaments often tightly packed at the level of plugs; when released, filaments form groups at both extremities and along length of eggs. Few unembryonated eggs, yellow-brown, showed strong longitudinal folds on egg surface; considered as aborted eggs. Aborted eggs, in which extremities do not show plugs, also showed longitudinal folds. Eggs after 24h did not change in length (
<tableCitation id="CB58F0A85154FFB3D40DFD69FE3E12EB" box="[359,449,712,738]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="9.[151,239,791,815]" captionTargetBox="[159,1400,848,1084]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="TABLE 3. Egg measurements of Huffmanela longa, JNC 2166, from swimbladder and body wall." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/D2A5959B5154FFB3D5FDFCB6FB581326" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" tableUuid="D2A5959B5154FFB3D5FDFCB6FB581326">Table 3</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="D2A5959B5154FFB3D5FDFCB6FB581326" ID-Table-UUID="D2A5959B5154FFB3D5FDFCB6FB581326" box="[151,1191,791,815]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/D2A5959B5154FFB3D5FDFCB6FB581326" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" targetBox="[159,1400,848,1084]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph id="8665C5135154FFB3D5FDFCB6FB581326" blockId="9.[151,1191,791,815]" box="[151,1191,791,815]" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">
<emphasis id="B4AE19015154FFB3D5FDFCB6FEF61326" bold="true" box="[151,265,791,815]" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">TABLE 3.</emphasis>
Egg measurements of
<emphasis id="B4AE19015154FFB3D497FCB9FD3A1326" box="[509,709,792,815]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">
<taxonomicName id="41DABE905154FFB3D497FCB9FD3E1326" box="[509,705,792,815]" class="Enoplea" family="Trichosomoididae" genus="Huffmanela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichocephalida" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="longa">Huffmanela longa</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
JNC2166, from swimbladder and body wall.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8665C5135154FFB3D5F5FCF1FA941435" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">
<table id="F4DA37B351540045D5F5FCF1FA871435" box="[159,1400,848,1084]" gridcols="4" gridrows="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">
<tr id="38EAC75151540045D5F5FCF1FA87136E" box="[159,1400,848,871]" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">
<th id="7B3BAE2D51540045D5F5FCF1FDC3136E" box="[159,572,848,871]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">Methods and characteristics of eggs</th>
<th id="7B3BAE2D51540045D66DFCF1FC30136E" box="[775,975,848,871]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">Length</th>
<th id="7B3BAE2D51540045D150FCF1FAFD136E" box="[1082,1282,848,871]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">Width</th>
<th id="7B3BAE2D51540045D03AFCF1FA87136E" box="[1360,1400,848,871]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">n</th>
</tr>
<tr id="38EAC75151540045D5F5FCDBFA871398" box="[159,1400,890,913]" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">
<th id="7B3BAE2D51540045D5F5FCDBFDC31398" box="[159,572,890,913]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">Swimbladder ‘fresh eggs’</th>
<td id="7B3BAE2D51540045D66DFCDBFC301398" box="[775,975,890,913]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">66.0 ± 2.6 (58–72)</td>
<td id="7B3BAE2D51540045D150FCDBFAFD1398" box="[1082,1282,890,913]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">26.6 ± 1.7 (23–32)</td>
<td id="7B3BAE2D51540045D03AFCDBFA871398" box="[1360,1400,890,913]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">121</td>
</tr>
<tr id="38EAC75151540045D5F5FC04FA8713B5" box="[159,1400,933,956]" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">
<th id="7B3BAE2D51540045D5F5FC04FDC313B5" box="[159,572,933,956]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">Body wall ‘fresh eggs’</th>
<td id="7B3BAE2D51540045D66DFC04FC3013B5" box="[775,975,933,956]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">65.4 ± 2.8 (58–72)</td>
<td id="7B3BAE2D51540045D150FC04FAFD13B5" box="[1082,1282,933,956]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">25.5 ± 1.7 (22–29)</td>
<td id="7B3BAE2D51540045D03AFC04FA8713B5" box="[1360,1400,933,956]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">58</td>
</tr>
<tr id="38EAC75151540045D5F5FC71FA8713EE" box="[159,1400,976,999]" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">
<th id="7B3BAE2D51540045D5F5FC71FDC313EE" box="[159,572,976,999]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">Swimbladder ‘ethanol-preserved eggs’</th>
<td id="7B3BAE2D51540045D66DFC71FC3013EE" box="[775,975,976,999]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">64.8 ± 1.8 (62–69)</td>
<td id="7B3BAE2D51540045D150FC71FAFD13EE" box="[1082,1282,976,999]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">27.7 ± 1.9 (24–33)</td>
<td id="7B3BAE2D51540045D03AFC71FA8713EE" box="[1360,1400,976,999]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">44</td>
</tr>
<tr id="38EAC75151540045D5F5FC5BFA871418" box="[159,1400,1018,1041]" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">
<th id="7B3BAE2D51540045D5F5FC5BFDC31418" box="[159,572,1018,1041]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">Body wall ‘ethanol-preserved eggs’</th>
<td id="7B3BAE2D51540045D66DFC5BFC301418" box="[775,975,1018,1041]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">64.3 ± 1.6 (61–68)</td>
<td id="7B3BAE2D51540045D150FC5BFAFD1418" box="[1082,1282,1018,1041]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">28.5 ± 2.4 (24–32)</td>
<td id="7B3BAE2D51540045D03AFC5BFA871418" box="[1360,1400,1018,1041]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">36</td>
</tr>
<tr id="38EAC75151540045D5F5FB84FA871435" box="[159,1400,1061,1084]" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">
<th id="7B3BAE2D51540045D5F5FB84FDC31435" box="[159,572,1061,1084]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">24h saline body wall ‘fresh eggs’</th>
<td id="7B3BAE2D51540045D66DFB84FC301435" box="[775,975,1061,1084]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">65.3 ± 2.6 (60–71)</td>
<td id="7B3BAE2D51540045D150FB84FAFD1435" box="[1082,1282,1061,1084]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">27.3 ± 2.1 (24–34)</td>
<td id="7B3BAE2D51540045D03AFB84FA871435" box="[1360,1400,1061,1084]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">97</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8665C5135154FFB3D5ADFB2CFB8B14AE" blockId="9.[151,1437,1165,1991]" box="[199,1140,1165,1191]" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">
<emphasis id="B4AE19015154FFB3D5ADFB2CFEB614AE" bold="true" box="[199,329,1165,1191]" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">
L
<specimenCount id="90DC0E9A5154FFB3D5B6FB2CFEB614AE" box="[220,329,1165,1191]" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" type="larva">1 Larvae</specimenCount>
</emphasis>
. Larvae in eggs, length 151 (140–168, n = 11), maximum width 4–5.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8665C5135154FFB3D5ADFB14FDF015B6" blockId="9.[151,1437,1165,1991]" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">
<emphasis id="B4AE19015154FFB3D5ADFB14FD9D14C6" bold="true" box="[199,610,1205,1231]" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">Mobility of larvae and hatching.</emphasis>
Larvae in fresh laid eggs were immobile in JNC1726 and JNC2166; eggs kept in saline or seawater for four weeks (fish JNC2166) had immobile larvae and no hatching was detected. By contrast, in fish JNC2174, a few mobile larvae were seen within fresh eggs observed in saline; 24h later, the same slides kept in a humid chamber at room temperature showed 10–20% of eggs with motile larvae. Motile larvae were seen in eggs of various colours, i.e. darker eggs did not have more motile larvae than lighter eggs. These experiments show that differences existed between eggs from different individual fish. No hatching was observed.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8665C5135154FFB3D5ADFA6CFD12163E" blockId="9.[151,1437,1165,1991]" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">
<emphasis id="B4AE19015154FFB3D5ADFA6CFDB315EE" bold="true" box="[199,588,1485,1511]" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">Differential diagnosis of adults.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="41DABE905154FFB3D73EFA6CFD4515EF" box="[596,698,1485,1510]" class="Enoplea" family="Trichosomoididae" genus="Huffmanela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichocephalida" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="longa">
<emphasis id="B4AE19015154FFB3D73EFA6CFD4515EF" box="[596,698,1485,1510]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">H. longa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is characterised by the longest body of all species in which the adult is known (incomplete body of immature specimen
<quantity id="412268F65154FFB3D62BFA54FC521606" box="[833,941,1525,1551]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.07" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" unit="mm" value="20.7">20.7 mm</quantity>
vs adult females
<quantity id="412268F65154FFB3D1EEFA54FB021606" box="[1156,1277,1525,1551]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5748" metricValueMax="1.905" metricValueMin="1.2446" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" unit="in" value="6.2" valueMax="7.5" valueMin="4.9">4.9–7.5 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="41DABE905154FFB3D06CFA54FA6A1607" box="[1286,1429,1525,1550]" class="Enoplea" family="Trichosomoididae" genus="Huffmanela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichocephalida" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="huffmani">
<emphasis id="B4AE19015154FFB3D06CFA54FA6A1607" box="[1286,1429,1525,1550]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">H. huffmani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<quantity id="412268F65154FFB3D5FDF9BCFEF2163E" box="[151,269,1565,1591]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0193" metricValueMax="2.0827999999999998" metricValueMin="1.9558" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" unit="in" value="7.949999999999999" valueMax="8.2" valueMin="7.7">7.7–8.2 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="41DABE905154FFB3D47EF9BCFE45163F" box="[276,442,1565,1590]" class="Enoplea" family="Trichosomoididae" genus="Huffmanela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichocephalida" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="canadensis">
<emphasis id="B4AE19015154FFB3D47EF9BCFE45163F" box="[276,442,1565,1590]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">H. canadensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<quantity id="412268F65154FFB3D499F9BCFDBC163E" box="[499,579,1565,1591]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8194" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" unit="in" value="11.1">11.1 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="41DABE905154FFB3D721F9BCFD24163F" box="[587,731,1565,1590]" class="Enoplea" family="Trichosomoididae" genus="Huffmanela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichocephalida" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="moraveci">
<emphasis id="B4AE19015154FFB3D721F9BCFD24163F" box="[587,731,1565,1590]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">H. moraveci</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8665C5135154FFB3D5ADF9E4FB8C16A6" blockId="9.[151,1437,1165,1991]" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">
<emphasis id="B4AE19015154FFB3D5ADF9E4FDBE1656" bold="true" box="[199,577,1605,1631]" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">Differential diagnosis of eggs.</emphasis>
Eggs of
<taxonomicName id="41DABE905154FFB3D7DCF9E4FCDF1657" box="[694,800,1605,1630]" class="Enoplea" family="Trichosomoididae" genus="Huffmanela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichocephalida" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="longa">
<emphasis id="B4AE19015154FFB3D7DCF9E4FCDF1657" box="[694,800,1605,1630]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">H. longa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are distinctly lighter (yellow to yellow-brown) than other species, in which darker eggs are dark-brown or black. Three species have egg measurements comparable to that of
<taxonomicName id="41DABE905154FFB3D459F934FE6516A7" box="[307,410,1685,1710]" class="Enoplea" family="Trichosomoididae" genus="Huffmanela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichocephalida" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="longa">
<emphasis id="B4AE19015154FFB3D459F934FE6516A7" box="[307,410,1685,1710]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">H. longa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<tableCitation id="CB58F0A85154FFB3D4C3F934FDFE16A6" box="[425,513,1685,1711]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,239,666,690]" captionText="TABLE 1. Egg size and characteristics, host, tissue and locality of Huffmanela spp. Species in alphabetical order, with new species at the end. New information in bold." pageId="9" pageNumber="32">Table 1</tableCitation>
): these are
<taxonomicName id="41DABE905154FFB3D7E3F934FCE116A7" box="[649,798,1685,1710]" class="Enoplea" family="Trichosomoididae" genus="Huffmanela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichocephalida" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="mexicana">
<emphasis id="B4AE19015154FFB3D7E3F934FCE116A7" box="[649,798,1685,1710]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">H. mexicana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="41DABE905154FFB3D646F934FC3F16A7" box="[812,960,1685,1710]" class="Enoplea" family="Trichosomoididae" genus="Huffmanela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichocephalida" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="schouteni">
<emphasis id="B4AE19015154FFB3D646F934FC3F16A7" box="[812,960,1685,1710]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">H. schouteni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="41DABE905154FFB3D693F934FB9216A7" box="[1017,1133,1685,1710]" class="Enoplea" family="Trichosomoididae" genus="Huffmanela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichocephalida" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="balista">
<emphasis id="B4AE19015154FFB3D693F934FB9216A7" box="[1017,1133,1685,1710]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">H. balista</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8665C5135154FFB3D5ADF91CFDAA16F6" blockId="9.[151,1437,1165,1991]" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">
<taxonomicName id="41DABE905154FFB3D5ADF91CFEA316DF" box="[199,348,1725,1750]" class="Enoplea" family="Trichosomoididae" genus="Huffmanela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichocephalida" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="schouteni">
<emphasis id="B4AE19015154FFB3D5ADF91CFEA316DF" box="[199,348,1725,1750]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">H. schouteni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has eggs of similar size (69–75 × 27–30 vs 66 × 27) but the eggs have superficial protuberances and no filaments as in
<taxonomicName id="41DABE905154FFB3D482F944FDB116F7" box="[488,590,1765,1790]" class="Enoplea" family="Trichosomoididae" genus="Huffmanela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichocephalida" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="longa">
<emphasis id="B4AE19015154FFB3D482F944FDB116F7" box="[488,590,1765,1790]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">H. longa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8665C5135154FFB3D5ADF8ACFA84172E" blockId="9.[151,1437,1165,1991]" box="[199,1403,1805,1831]" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">
<taxonomicName id="41DABE905154FFB3D5ADF8ACFEA4172F" box="[199,347,1805,1830]" class="Enoplea" family="Trichosomoididae" genus="Huffmanela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichocephalida" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="mexicana">
<emphasis id="B4AE19015154FFB3D5ADF8ACFEA4172F" box="[199,347,1805,1830]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">H. mexicana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has eggs with filaments as in
<taxonomicName id="41DABE905154FFB3D7D1F8ACFCDD172F" box="[699,802,1805,1830]" class="Enoplea" family="Trichosomoididae" genus="Huffmanela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichocephalida" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="longa">
<emphasis id="B4AE19015154FFB3D7D1F8ACFCDD172F" box="[699,802,1805,1830]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">H. longa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but the eggs are shorter (57 × 30, this publication).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8665C5135154FFB3D5ADF894FEF4177E" blockId="9.[151,1437,1165,1991]" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">
<taxonomicName id="41DABE905154FFB3D5ADF894FEC51747" box="[199,314,1845,1870]" class="Enoplea" family="Trichosomoididae" genus="Huffmanela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichocephalida" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="balista">
<emphasis id="B4AE19015154FFB3D5ADF894FEC51747" box="[199,314,1845,1870]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">H. balista</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has eggs slightly longer and wider (70 × 34), the eggs have no filaments, the wall is thicker (5– 6 vs 2–4).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8665C5135154FFB3D5ADF824FD1B17CE" blockId="9.[151,1437,1165,1991]" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">
<taxonomicName id="41DABE905154FFB3D5ADF824FEA41797" box="[199,347,1925,1950]" class="Enoplea" family="Trichosomoididae" genus="Huffmanela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichocephalida" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="schouteni">
<emphasis id="B4AE19015154FFB3D5ADF824FEA41797" box="[199,347,1925,1950]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">H. schouteni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="41DABE905154FFB3D4FCF824FDD41797" box="[406,555,1925,1950]" class="Enoplea" family="Trichosomoididae" genus="Huffmanela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichocephalida" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="mexicana">
<emphasis id="B4AE19015154FFB3D4FCF824FDD41797" box="[406,555,1925,1950]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">H. mexicana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have been reported from the inner layer of the swimbladder, in contrast to
<taxonomicName id="41DABE905154FFB3D5FDF80CFEF417CF" box="[151,267,1965,1990]" class="Enoplea" family="Trichosomoididae" genus="Huffmanela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichocephalida" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="balista">
<emphasis id="B4AE19015154FFB3D5FDF80CFEF417CF" box="[151,267,1965,1990]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">H. balista</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="41DABE905154FFB3D429F80CFE5517CF" box="[323,426,1965,1990]" class="Enoplea" family="Trichosomoididae" genus="Huffmanela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichocephalida" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="longa">
<emphasis id="B4AE19015154FFB3D429F80CFE5517CF" box="[323,426,1965,1990]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="32">H. longa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, both from the outer layer.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8665C5135157FFB0D5ACFF39FD091123" blockId="10.[151,1436,152,298]" pageId="10" pageNumber="33">
<taxonomicName id="41DABE905157FFB0D5ACFF39FE8A10B8" box="[198,373,152,177]" class="Enoplea" family="Trichosomoididae" genus="Huffmanela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichocephalida" pageId="10" pageNumber="33" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="filamentosa">
<emphasis id="B4AE19015157FFB0D5ACFF39FE8A10B8" box="[198,373,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="33">H. filamentosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, another species from the same host, is known only from eggs.
<taxonomicName id="41DABE905157FFB0D11BFF39FB2610B8" box="[1137,1241,152,177]" class="Enoplea" family="Trichosomoididae" genus="Huffmanela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichocephalida" pageId="10" pageNumber="33" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="longa">
<emphasis id="B4AE19015157FFB0D11BFF39FB2610B8" box="[1137,1241,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="33">H. longa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="41DABE905157FFB0D07FFF39FF3710D0" class="Enoplea" family="Trichosomoididae" genus="Huffmanela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichocephalida" pageId="10" pageNumber="33" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="filamentosa">
<emphasis id="B4AE19015157FFB0D07FFF39FF3710D0" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="33">H. filamentosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
share a common morphological characteristic, the presence of thin filaments on the eggs, but have very different measurements (
<tableCitation id="CB58F0A85157FFB0D4D2FF49FDED110B" box="[440,530,232,258]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="10.[151,239,351,375]" captionTargetBox="[159,1423,442,849]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="TABLE 4. Measurements of eggs of Huffmanela filamentosa and H. longa, both from Gymnocranius grandoculis. See also histogram in Figure 5." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/D2A5959B5157FFB0D5FDFEFEFE4A1190" pageId="10" pageNumber="33" tableUuid="D2A5959B5157FFB0D5FDFEFEFE4A1190">Table 4</tableCitation>
) and were not found in the same organ. For this reason, the author considered several hypotheses concerning these two infections.
</paragraph>
<caption id="D2A5959B5157FFB0D5FDFEFEFE4A1190" ID-Table-UUID="D2A5959B5157FFB0D5FDFEFEFE4A1190" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/D2A5959B5157FFB0D5FDFEFEFE4A1190" pageId="10" pageNumber="33" targetBox="[159,1423,442,849]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="10">
<paragraph id="8665C5135157FFB0D5FDFEFEFE4A1190" blockId="10.[151,1435,351,409]" pageId="10" pageNumber="33">
<emphasis id="B4AE19015157FFB0D5FDFEFEFEF5117E" bold="true" box="[151,266,351,375]" pageId="10" pageNumber="33">TABLE 4.</emphasis>
Measurements of eggs of
<taxonomicName id="41DABE905157FFB0D741FEC1FCD3117E" box="[555,812,352,375]" class="Enoplea" family="Trichosomoididae" genus="Huffmanela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichocephalida" pageId="10" pageNumber="33" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="filamentosa">
<emphasis id="B4AE19015157FFB0D741FEC1FCD3117E" box="[555,812,352,375]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="33">Huffmanela filamentosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="41DABE905157FFB0D609FEC1FC3E117E" box="[867,961,352,375]" class="Enoplea" family="Trichosomoididae" genus="Huffmanela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichocephalida" pageId="10" pageNumber="33" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="longa">
<emphasis id="B4AE19015157FFB0D609FEC1FC3E117E" box="[867,961,352,375]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="33">H. longa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, both from
<taxonomicName id="41DABE905157FFB0D129FEC1FA99117E" box="[1091,1382,352,375]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Lethrinidae" genus="Gymnocranius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grandoculis">
<emphasis id="B4AE19015157FFB0D129FEC1FA99117E" box="[1091,1382,352,375]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="33">Gymnocranius grandoculis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. See also histogram in Figure 5.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8665C5135157FFB0D5F5FE1BFA701358" pageId="10" pageNumber="33">
<table id="F4DA37B351570045D5F5FE1BFA701358" box="[159,1423,442,849]" gridcols="4" gridrows="10" pageId="10" pageNumber="33">
<tr id="38EAC75151570045D5F5FE1BFA7011D8" box="[159,1423,442,465]" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="33">
<th id="7B3BAE2D51570045D5F5FE1BFCF811D8" box="[159,775,442,465]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="33">Fish, organ and methods</th>
<th id="7B3BAE2D51570045D635FE1BFBD811D8" box="[863,1063,442,465]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="33">Length</th>
<th id="7B3BAE2D51570045D109FE1BFACF11D8" box="[1123,1328,442,465]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="33">Width</th>
<th id="7B3BAE2D51570045D00DFE1BFA7011D8" box="[1383,1423,442,465]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="33">n</th>
</tr>
<tr id="38EAC75151570045D5F5FE44FA7011F5" box="[159,1423,485,508]" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="33" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="7B3BAE2D51570045D5F5FE44FCF811F5" box="[159,775,485,508]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="33">
<taxonomicName id="41DABE905157FFB0D5F5FE44FE6011F5" box="[159,415,485,508]" class="Enoplea" family="Trichosomoididae" genus="Huffmanela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichocephalida" pageId="10" pageNumber="33" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="filamentosa">
<emphasis id="B4AE19015157FFB0D5F5FE44FE6011F5" box="[159,415,485,508]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="33">Huffmanela filamentosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="38EAC75151570045D5F5FDB1FA70122E" box="[159,1423,528,551]" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="33">
<th id="7B3BAE2D51570045D5F5FDB1FCF8122E" box="[159,775,528,551]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="33">JNC892, gills, original publication, ‘fresh eggs’, syntypes</th>
<td id="7B3BAE2D51570045D635FDB1FBD8122E" box="[863,1063,528,551]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="33">49.8 ± 1.3 (48–53)</td>
<td id="7B3BAE2D51570045D109FDB1FACF122E" box="[1123,1328,528,551]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="33">27.3 ± 1.5 (25–30)</td>
<td id="7B3BAE2D51570045D00DFDB1FA70122E" box="[1383,1423,528,551]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="33">54</td>
</tr>
<tr id="38EAC75151570045D5F5FD9BFA701258" box="[159,1423,570,593]" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="33">
<th id="7B3BAE2D51570045D5F5FD9BFCF81258" box="[159,775,570,593]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="33">JNC892, gills, old slide, ‘fresh eggs’, syntypes</th>
<td id="7B3BAE2D51570045D635FD9BFBD81258" box="[863,1063,570,593]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="33">48.9 ± 1.6 (45–52)</td>
<td id="7B3BAE2D51570045D109FD9BFACF1258" box="[1123,1328,570,593]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="33">25.3 ± 1.3 (23–27)</td>
<td id="7B3BAE2D51570045D00DFD9BFA701258" box="[1383,1423,570,593]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="33">20</td>
</tr>
<tr id="38EAC75151570045D5F5FDC4FA701275" box="[159,1423,613,636]" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="33" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="7B3BAE2D51570045D5F5FDC4FCF81275" box="[159,775,613,636]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="33">
<taxonomicName id="41DABE905157FFB0D5F5FDC4FE9F1275" box="[159,352,613,636]" class="Enoplea" family="Trichosomoididae" genus="Huffmanela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichocephalida" pageId="10" pageNumber="33" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="longa">
<emphasis id="B4AE19015157FFB0D5F5FDC4FE9F1275" box="[159,352,613,636]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="33">Huffmanela longa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="38EAC75151570045D5F5FD31FA7012AE" box="[159,1423,656,679]" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="33">
<th id="7B3BAE2D51570045D5F5FD31FCF812AE" box="[159,775,656,679]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="33">JNC2166, swimbladder, ‘fresh eggs’</th>
<td id="7B3BAE2D51570045D635FD31FBD812AE" box="[863,1063,656,679]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="33">66.0 ± 2.6 (58–72)</td>
<td id="7B3BAE2D51570045D109FD31FACF12AE" box="[1123,1328,656,679]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="33">26.6 ± 1.7 (23–32)</td>
<td id="7B3BAE2D51570045D00DFD31FA7012AE" box="[1383,1423,656,679]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="33">121</td>
</tr>
<tr id="38EAC75151570045D5F5FD1BFA7012D8" box="[159,1423,698,721]" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="33">
<th id="7B3BAE2D51570045D5F5FD1BFCF812D8" box="[159,775,698,721]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="33">JNC2166, body wall, ‘fresh eggs’</th>
<td id="7B3BAE2D51570045D635FD1BFBD812D8" box="[863,1063,698,721]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="33">65.4 ± 2.8 (58–72)</td>
<td id="7B3BAE2D51570045D109FD1BFACF12D8" box="[1123,1328,698,721]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="33">25.5 ± 1.7 (22–29)</td>
<td id="7B3BAE2D51570045D00DFD1BFA7012D8" box="[1383,1423,698,721]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="33">58</td>
</tr>
<tr id="38EAC75151570045D5F5FD44FA7012F5" box="[159,1423,741,764]" gridrow="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="33">
<th id="7B3BAE2D51570045D5F5FD44FCF812F5" box="[159,775,741,764]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="33">JNC2174, Swimbladder ‘fresh eggs’</th>
<td id="7B3BAE2D51570045D635FD44FBD812F5" box="[863,1063,741,764]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="33">64.7 ± 2.2 (61–73)</td>
<td id="7B3BAE2D51570045D109FD44FACF12F5" box="[1123,1328,741,764]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="33">24.1 ± 1.3 (22–27)</td>
<td id="7B3BAE2D51570045D00DFD44FA7012F5" box="[1383,1423,741,764]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="33">75</td>
</tr>
<tr id="38EAC75151570045D5F5FCB1FA70132E" box="[159,1423,784,807]" gridrow="8" pageId="10" pageNumber="33">
<th id="7B3BAE2D51570045D5F5FCB1FCF8132E" box="[159,775,784,807]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="10" pageNumber="33">JNC2174, Body wall ‘fresh eggs’</th>
<td id="7B3BAE2D51570045D635FCB1FBD8132E" box="[863,1063,784,807]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="10" pageNumber="33">66.1 ± 2.4 (62–73)</td>
<td id="7B3BAE2D51570045D109FCB1FACF132E" box="[1123,1328,784,807]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="10" pageNumber="33">25.4 ± 1.3 (22–28)</td>
<td id="7B3BAE2D51570045D00DFCB1FA70132E" box="[1383,1423,784,807]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="10" pageNumber="33">52</td>
</tr>
<tr id="38EAC75151570045D5F5FC9BFA701358" box="[159,1423,826,849]" gridrow="9" pageId="10" pageNumber="33">
<th id="7B3BAE2D51570045D5F5FC9BFCF81358" box="[159,775,826,849]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="10" pageNumber="33">JNC1726, mesentery, ‘fresh eggs’</th>
<td id="7B3BAE2D51570045D635FC9BFBD81358" box="[863,1063,826,849]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="10" pageNumber="33">62.8 ± 2.4 (56–69)</td>
<td id="7B3BAE2D51570045D109FC9BFACF1358" box="[1123,1328,826,849]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="10" pageNumber="33">28 ± 2.2 (23–34)</td>
<td id="7B3BAE2D51570045D00DFC9BFA701358" box="[1383,1423,826,849]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="10" pageNumber="33">105</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8665C5135157FFB0D5ACFCDBFC2813ED" blockId="10.[151,1437,890,2036]" pageId="10" pageNumber="33">
—Hypothesis 1. There is a single species of
<taxonomicName id="41DABE905157FFB0D7A7FCDBFCA7139A" box="[717,856,890,915]" class="Enoplea" family="Trichosomoididae" genus="Huffmanela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichocephalida" pageId="10" pageNumber="33" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B4AE19015157FFB0D7A7FCDBFCA7139A" box="[717,856,890,915]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="33">Huffmanela</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in
<taxonomicName id="41DABE905157FFB0D616FCDBFBD7139A" box="[892,1064,890,915]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Lethrinidae" genus="Gymnocranius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grandoculis">
<emphasis id="B4AE19015157FFB0D616FCDBFBD7139A" box="[892,1064,890,915]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="33">G. grandoculis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which inhabits the gills, on the one hand, and the internal abdominal organs, in the other hand. Differences of eggs measurements can be attributed to different trophic sites, with much smaller eggs in the gills.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8665C5135157FFB0D5ACFC53FE8314DD" blockId="10.[151,1437,890,2036]" pageId="10" pageNumber="33">
—Hypothesis 2. Similar to hypothesis 1 with a single species of
<taxonomicName id="41DABE905157FFB0D6DEFC53FBC01402" box="[948,1087,1010,1035]" class="Enoplea" family="Trichosomoididae" genus="Huffmanela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichocephalida" pageId="10" pageNumber="33" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B4AE19015157FFB0D6DEFC53FBC01402" box="[948,1087,1010,1035]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="33">Huffmanela</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in various organs, but the difference in egg size is related to the parasite life-cycle. Eggs from the gill mucosa are constantly dispersed in the external milieu through natural renewal of the gill mucosa, and thus have a short life-cycle; this is consistent with the presence of small eggs. In contrast, eggs from the internal organs are available for continuation of the life-cycle only at the death of the fish, and thus are longer-lasting eggs; this is consistent with the occurrence of large eggs.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8665C5135157FFB0D5ADFB43FE571545" blockId="10.[151,1437,890,2036]" pageId="10" pageNumber="33">
—Hypothesis 3. Two different species are present, one in the gills,
<taxonomicName id="41DABE905157FFB0D6B0FB42FB7914F5" box="[986,1158,1251,1276]" class="Enoplea" family="Trichosomoididae" genus="Huffmanela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichocephalida" pageId="10" pageNumber="33" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="filamentosa">
<emphasis id="B4AE19015157FFB0D6B0FB42FB7914F5" box="[986,1158,1251,1276]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="33">H. filamentosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and one in the internal abdominal organs,
<taxonomicName id="41DABE905157FFB0D410FAAAFE1D152D" box="[378,482,1291,1316]" class="Enoplea" family="Trichosomoididae" genus="Huffmanela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichocephalida" pageId="10" pageNumber="33" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="longa">
<emphasis id="B4AE19015157FFB0D410FAAAFE1D152D" box="[378,482,1291,1316]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="33">H. longa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The species are differentiated by distinct eggs measurements, with lengths not overlapping (
<figureCitation id="1EE1D9965157FFB0D458FA93FE661545" box="[306,409,1330,1356]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,254,937,961]" captionTargetBox="[314,1245,488,896]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[313,1275,423,934]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. Histogram of egg length of the two Huffmanela species parasitic in Gymnocranius grandoculis. JNC 892: eggs from the gills, syntypes of H. filamentosa Justine, 2004. JNC 1726, JNC 2166, JNC 2174, eggs of H. lata n. sp. JNC 1726: eggs from the mesentery. JNC 2166 and JNC 2174: eggs from the swimbladder." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179335/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="33">Figure 5</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8665C5135157FFB0D5ACFAFBFF1315E5" blockId="10.[151,1437,890,2036]" pageId="10" pageNumber="33">
Hypothesis 1 is contradicted by observations on
<taxonomicName id="41DABE905157FFB0D67CFAFAFC62157D" box="[790,925,1371,1396]" class="Enoplea" family="Trichosomoididae" genus="Huffmanela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichocephalida" pageId="10" pageNumber="33" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="ossicola">
<emphasis id="B4AE19015157FFB0D67CFAFAFC62157D" box="[790,925,1371,1396]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="33">H. ossicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which show that egg measurements vary only subtly in various parts of the skeletal system (
<bibRefCitation id="E24BB8E25157FFB0D787FA23FBF51595" author="Justine" box="[749,1034,1410,1436]" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" refString="Justine, J. - L. (2004) Three new species of Huffmanela Moravec, 1987 (Nematoda, Trichosomoididae) from the gills of marine fish off New Caledonia. Systematic Parasitology, 59, 29 - 37." type="journal article" year="2004">Justine 2004; this paper</bibRefCitation>
); however, it might be argued that the different parts of the skeletal system are not as different as between the gills and the internal abdominal organs.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8665C5135157FFB0D5ACFA5BFD9B1685" blockId="10.[151,1437,890,2036]" pageId="10" pageNumber="33">
Hypothesis 2 is supported by comparison with other trichinelloid nematodes in which two life cycles are possible, i.e.
<taxonomicName id="41DABE905157FFB0D456F982FD411635" authority="Bancroft" authorityName="Bancroft" box="[316,702,1570,1596]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lauraceae" genus="Calodium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Laurales" pageId="10" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hepaticum">
<emphasis id="B4AE19015157FFB0D456F982FDC81635" box="[316,567,1571,1596]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="33">Calodium hepaticum</emphasis>
(Bancroft)
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="41DABE905157FFB0D669F982FF08166D" authority="Chitwood, Velasquez &amp; Salazar" authorityName="Chitwood, Velasquez &amp; Salazar" class="Adenophorea" family="Trichuridae" genus="Paracapillaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichocephalida" pageId="10" pageNumber="33" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="philippinensis">
<emphasis id="B4AE19015157FFB0D669F982FB9C1635" box="[771,1123,1571,1596]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="33">Paracapillaria philippinensis</emphasis>
(Chitwood, Velasquez &amp; Salazar)
</taxonomicName>
(see
<bibRefCitation id="E24BB8E25157FFB0D45CF9EBFE19166D" author="Moravec" box="[310,486,1610,1636]" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" refString="Moravec, F. (2001) Trichinelloid Nematodes parasitic in cold-blooded vertebrates. Academia, Praha, 432 pp." type="book" year="2001">Moravec 2001</bibRefCitation>
). However, the absence of observations on the adults of the species studied here precludes the choice of this hypothesis.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8665C5135157FFB0D5ACF93BFBAC17FD" blockId="10.[151,1437,890,2036]" pageId="10" pageNumber="33">
Hypothesis 3 would have been chosen without hesitation had the two species been found in two different fish species, because the eggs are extremely different. A possible argument against Hypothesis 3 is the presence in both species of thin filaments on the eggs, apparently a shared character. However, observation of similar thin filaments on eggs of
<taxonomicName id="41DABE905157FFB0D764F8B2FD581725" box="[526,679,1811,1836]" class="Enoplea" family="Trichosomoididae" genus="Huffmanela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichocephalida" pageId="10" pageNumber="33" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="mexicana">
<emphasis id="B4AE19015157FFB0D764F8B2FD581725" box="[526,679,1811,1836]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="33">H. mexicana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and on
<taxonomicName id="41DABE905157FFB0D676F8B2FC5B1725" box="[796,932,1811,1836]" class="Enoplea" family="Trichosomoididae" genus="Huffmanela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichocephalida" pageId="10" pageNumber="33" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="ossicola">
<emphasis id="B4AE19015157FFB0D676F8B2FC5B1725" box="[796,932,1811,1836]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="33">H. ossicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, probably means that such filaments are widespread in
<taxonomicName id="41DABE905157FFB0D42CF89AFE2F175D" box="[326,464,1851,1876]" class="Enoplea" family="Trichosomoididae" genus="Huffmanela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichocephalida" pageId="10" pageNumber="33" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B4AE19015157FFB0D42CF89AFE2F175D" box="[326,464,1851,1876]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="33">Huffmanela</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
eggs and cannot be considered of great differential importance. This hypothesis, the presence of two distinct species, was finally preferred as the most probable, and the one which does not imply speculations on the life cycle which cannot be verified. A consequence is that
<taxonomicName id="41DABE905157FFB0D11EF82AFADF17AD" box="[1140,1312,1931,1956]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Lethrinidae" genus="Gymnocranius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grandoculis">
<emphasis id="B4AE19015157FFB0D11EF82AFADF17AD" box="[1140,1312,1931,1956]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="33">G. grandoculis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the first fish in which two different species of
<taxonomicName id="41DABE905157FFB0D733F812FD1B17C5" box="[601,740,1971,1996]" class="Enoplea" family="Trichosomoididae" genus="Huffmanela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichocephalida" pageId="10" pageNumber="33" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B4AE19015157FFB0D733F812FD1B17C5" box="[601,740,1971,1996]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="33">Huffmanela</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have been found.
<taxonomicName id="41DABE905157FFB0D6AAF812FB9217C5" box="[960,1133,1971,1996]" class="Enoplea" family="Trichosomoididae" genus="Huffmanela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichocephalida" pageId="10" pageNumber="33" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="filamentosa">
<emphasis id="B4AE19015157FFB0D6AAF812FB9217C5" box="[960,1133,1971,1996]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="33">H. filamentosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has not been found since its description, meaning that it is possibly rarer than H.
<taxonomicName id="41DABE905157FFB0D648F87AFC9A17FD" box="[802,869,2011,2036]" class="Enoplea" family="Trichosomoididae" genus="Huffmanela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichocephalida" pageId="10" pageNumber="33" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="longa">
<emphasis id="B4AE19015157FFB0D648F87AFC9A17FD" box="[802,869,2011,2036]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="33">longa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, found in three fish.
</paragraph>
<caption id="D2A5959B5151FFB6D5FDFF36FF041130" pageId="12" pageNumber="35">
<paragraph id="8665C5135151FFB6D5FDFF36FF041130" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,313]" pageId="12" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis id="B4AE19015151FFB6D5FDFF36FEE710A6" bold="true" box="[151,280,151,175]" pageId="12" pageNumber="35">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
Adult female and eggs of
<taxonomicName id="41DABE905151FFB6D75AFF39FD0E10A6" box="[560,753,152,175]" class="Enoplea" family="Trichosomoididae" genus="Huffmanela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichocephalida" pageId="12" pageNumber="35" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="longa" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B4AE19015151FFB6D75AFF39FD0E10A6" box="[560,753,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="35">Huffmanela longa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="AF9DA47A5151FFB6D79DFF36FCCC10A6" box="[759,819,151,175]" pageId="12" pageNumber="35" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B4AE19015151FFB6D79DFF36FCCC10A6" bold="true" box="[759,819,151,175]" pageId="12" pageNumber="35">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
from
<taxonomicName id="41DABE905151FFB6D619FF39FB6A10A6" box="[883,1173,152,175]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Lethrinidae" genus="Gymnocranius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grandoculis">
<emphasis id="B4AE19015151FFB6D619FF39FB6A10A6" box="[883,1173,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="35">Gymnocranius grandoculis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="B4AE19015151FFB6D1C9FF36FB2210A6" bold="true" box="[1187,1245,151,175]" pageId="12" pageNumber="35">A–D.</emphasis>
Holotype female.
<emphasis id="B4AE19015151FFB6D5FDFF1BFF4F10DB" bold="true" box="[151,176,186,210]" pageId="12" pageNumber="35">A.</emphasis>
Anterior end.
<emphasis id="B4AE19015151FFB6D43AFF1BFE9710DB" bold="true" box="[336,360,186,210]" pageId="12" pageNumber="35">B.</emphasis>
Long stichocyte.
<emphasis id="B4AE19015151FFB6D741FF1BFDBB10DB" bold="true" box="[555,580,186,210]" pageId="12" pageNumber="35">C.</emphasis>
Vulva and oesophago-intestinal junction.
<emphasis id="B4AE19015151FFB6D166FF1BFBD910DB" bold="true" box="[1036,1062,186,210]" pageId="12" pageNumber="35">D.</emphasis>
Bacillary band.
<emphasis id="B4AE19015151FFB6D1B0FF1BFAE610DB" bold="true" box="[1242,1305,186,210]" pageId="12" pageNumber="35">E–M.</emphasis>
Eggs.
<emphasis id="B4AE19015151FFB6D00EFF1BFA6310DB" bold="true" box="[1380,1436,186,210]" pageId="12" pageNumber="35">E–G.</emphasis>
Eggs from mesentery, fish JNC1726.
<emphasis id="B4AE19015151FFB6D745FF7DFDB710FD" bold="true" box="[559,584,220,244]" pageId="12" pageNumber="35">E.</emphasis>
Unembryonated egg with superficial longitudinal folds.
<emphasis id="B4AE19015151FFB6D1DBFF7DFB1A10FD" bold="true" box="[1201,1253,220,244]" pageId="12" pageNumber="35">H–I.</emphasis>
Eggs from body wall, fish JNC2166.
<emphasis id="B4AE19015151FFB6D41EFF5EFE50111E" bold="true" box="[372,431,255,279]" pageId="12" pageNumber="35">J–M.</emphasis>
Eggs from outer layer of swimbladder, fish JNC2166.
<emphasis id="B4AE19015151FFB6D697FF5EFBEA111E" bold="true" box="[1021,1045,255,279]" pageId="12" pageNumber="35">L.</emphasis>
Shell of aborted egg with longitudinal folds.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="D2A5959B5151FFB6D5FDFC08FBAF140C" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179335/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="35" targetBox="[314,1245,488,896]" targetPageId="12">
<paragraph id="8665C5135151FFB6D5FDFC08FBAF140C" blockId="12.[151,1437,937,1029]" pageId="12" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis id="B4AE19015151FFB6D5FDFC08FEE413C8" bold="true" box="[151,283,937,961]" pageId="12" pageNumber="35">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
Histogram of egg length of the two
<taxonomicName id="41DABE905151FFB6D7C7FC08FCD413C9" box="[685,811,937,960]" class="Enoplea" family="Trichosomoididae" genus="Huffmanela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichocephalida" pageId="12" pageNumber="35" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B4AE19015151FFB6D7C7FC08FCD413C9" box="[685,811,937,960]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="35">Huffmanela</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species parasitic in
<taxonomicName id="41DABE905151FFB6D163FC08FAD213C9" box="[1033,1325,937,960]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Lethrinidae" genus="Gymnocranius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grandoculis">
<emphasis id="B4AE19015151FFB6D163FC08FAD213C9" box="[1033,1325,937,960]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="35">Gymnocranius grandoculis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. JNC892: eggs from the gills, syntypes of
<taxonomicName id="41DABE905151FFB6D496FC6DFCC613EA" authority="Justine, 2004" authorityName="Justine" authorityYear="2004" box="[508,825,972,995]" class="Enoplea" family="Trichosomoididae" genus="Huffmanela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichocephalida" pageId="12" pageNumber="35" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="filamentosa">
<emphasis id="B4AE19015151FFB6D496FC6DFD6313EA" box="[508,668,972,995]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="35">H. filamentosa</emphasis>
Justine, 2004
</taxonomicName>
. JNC1726, JNC 2166, JNC2174, eggs of
<taxonomicName id="41DABE905151FFB6D06DFC6DFAAC13EA" box="[1287,1363,972,995]" class="Enoplea" family="Trichosomoididae" genus="Huffmanela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichocephalida" pageId="12" pageNumber="35" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="lata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B4AE19015151FFB6D06DFC6DFAAC13EA" box="[1287,1363,972,995]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="35">H. lata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="AF9DA47A5151FFB6D037FC6AFA6313EA" box="[1373,1436,971,995]" pageId="12" pageNumber="35" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B4AE19015151FFB6D037FC6AFA6313EA" bold="true" box="[1373,1436,971,995]" pageId="12" pageNumber="35">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
JNC1726: eggs from the mesentery. JNC2166 and JNC2174: eggs from the swimbladder.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8665C5135151FFB6D5ACFBC0FAA814C2" blockId="12.[151,1436,1121,1227]" pageId="12" pageNumber="35">
More than
<specimenCount id="90DC0E9A5151FFB6D426FBC0FE121472" box="[332,493,1121,1147]" pageId="12" pageNumber="35" type="generic">15 specimens</specimenCount>
of the closely related species
<taxonomicName id="41DABE905151FFB6D636FBC0FB991473" box="[860,1126,1121,1146]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Lethrinidae" genus="Gymnocranius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="euanus">
<emphasis id="B4AE19015151FFB6D636FBC0FB991473" box="[860,1126,1121,1146]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="35">Gymnocranius euanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were examined and none had
<taxonomicName id="41DABE905151FFB6D5A2FB28FEAD14AB" box="[200,338,1161,1186]" class="Enoplea" family="Trichosomoididae" genus="Huffmanela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichocephalida" pageId="12" pageNumber="35" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B4AE19015151FFB6D5A2FB28FEAD14AB" box="[200,338,1161,1186]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="35">Huffmanela</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
infection. Several species of
<taxonomicName id="41DABE905151FFB6D7C1FB28FCE414AB" box="[683,795,1161,1186]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Lethrinidae" genus="Lethrinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B4AE19015151FFB6D7C1FB28FCE414AB" box="[683,795,1161,1186]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="35">Lethrinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were examined (lists in Justine 2007;
<bibRefCitation id="E24BB8E25151FFB6D1B6FB28FEF914C2" author="Rascalou" pageId="12" pageNumber="41" refString="Rascalou, G. &amp; Justine, J. - L. (2007) Three species of Calydiscoides (Monogenea: Diplectanidae) from five Lethrinus spp. (Lethrinidae: Perciformes) off New Caledonia, with a description of Calydiscoides terpsichore sp. n. Folia Parasitologica, 54, 191 - 202." type="journal article" year="2007">Rascalou &amp; Justine 2007</bibRefCitation>
) and none had
<taxonomicName id="41DABE905151FFB6D4D3FB10FDBB14C3" box="[441,580,1201,1226]" class="Enoplea" family="Trichosomoididae" genus="Huffmanela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichocephalida" pageId="12" pageNumber="35" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B4AE19015151FFB6D4D3FB10FDBB14C3" box="[441,580,1201,1226]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="35">Huffmanela</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
infection. This suggests that
<taxonomicName id="41DABE905151FFB6D6F1FB10FBFD14C3" box="[923,1026,1201,1226]" class="Enoplea" family="Trichosomoididae" genus="Huffmanela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichocephalida" pageId="12" pageNumber="35" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="longa">
<emphasis id="B4AE19015151FFB6D6F1FB10FBFD14C3" box="[923,1026,1201,1226]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="35">H. longa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is specific to
<taxonomicName id="41DABE905151FFB6D1CEFB10FAAF14C3" box="[1188,1360,1201,1226]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Lethrinidae" genus="Gymnocranius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grandoculis">
<emphasis id="B4AE19015151FFB6D1CEFB10FAAF14C3" box="[1188,1360,1201,1226]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="35">G. grandoculis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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