605 lines
76 KiB
XML
605 lines
76 KiB
XML
<document id="FD23609434A621754CD87A05DBB5140F" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.657.1.1" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13217474" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="valdenar" checkinTime="1722603694281" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Masson, Didier, Magain, Nicolas & Sérusiaux, Emmanuël" docDate="2024" docId="03FA864EFFB52F45FF1AFF1AFBBFFE3C" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.657.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 657 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.657.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:F08184CE06D8A97EA3E6DE35D99648B0.4:Phytotaxa.2014-.monograph" docStyleId="F08184CE06D8A97EA3E6DE35D99648B0" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.monograph" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Parmotrema dilatatum Hale 1974" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="48" masterDocId="FFC3FE36FF982F6AFF92FF84FF9FFFE4" masterDocTitle="Small island but great diversity: thirty six species of Parmotrema (Parmeliaceae, lichenized Ascomycota), including sixteen new species, on Réunion (Mascarenes), with additional data from the Western Indian Ocean" masterLastPageNumber="138" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="46" updateTime="1726075871790" updateUser="valdenar">
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<mods:title id="058B5BF5B80199BA5E58918B61516C2B">Small island but great diversity: thirty six species of Parmotrema (Parmeliaceae, lichenized Ascomycota), including sixteen new species, on Réunion (Mascarenes), with additional data from the Western Indian Ocean</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="70E79FDE4E7D92D371C3D998D47C8B30">Masson, Didier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="19C985F75843E2EA40A57ACB0BD7773C">Vertevoye, 2860 route d’Irieu, F- 40390 Saint-Martin-de-Seignanx, France di. masson @ wanadoo. fr; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 3340 - 5472</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="C916B0EADFABDF1E5DFF361BE65EF5AA" type="email">di.masson@wanadoo.fr</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="475EF9EB11CFC5A5F2DCA4B4AC9C2E64">Magain, Nicolas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="CD6317BAAAE599BA00FD8431F42BA133">Evolution and Conservation Biology, InBios research centre, Sart Tilman B 22, Quartier Vallée 1, Chemin de la vallée 4, B- 4000 Liège, Belgium nicolas. magain @ uliege. be; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 5409 - 9518</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="BBD85F9EFBACCEDB1C8B227350A5A4C6" type="email">nicolas.magain@uliege.be</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="AFB059DD52E60E15596E51D7F7B39280">Sérusiaux, Emmanuël</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="4048E1A84E03BE635E80AA9418B9F70F">Vertevoye, 2860 route d’Irieu, F- 40390 Saint-Martin-de-Seignanx, France di. masson @ wanadoo. fr; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 3340 - 5472 & Evolution and Conservation Biology, InBios research centre, Sart Tilman B 22, Quartier Vallée 1, Chemin de la vallée 4, B- 4000 Liège, Belgium e. serusiaux @ uliege. be; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 0456 - 0131 * Corresponding author & Vertevoye, 2860 route d’Irieu, F- 40390 Saint-Martin-de-Seignanx, France di. masson @ wanadoo. fr; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 3340 - 5472</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="85CD6E7FB92B3D3847E4EE0A0858022C" type="email">di.masson@wanadoo.fr</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="7894B624A6AFF69F5D4AE55C9AFD0D19">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="69982CA033D67613A8A594B354A31ADB">
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<mods:date id="937C187A5DABDD35498278BF3EF86976">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="DEACE7E09F8F76F026F741316DCB4DA2">657</mods:number>
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<heading id="D0A48034FFB52F47FF1AFF1AFC53FF5C" box="[136,972,157,185]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" reason="5">
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<treatmentCitation id="0AF21149FFB52F47FF1AFF1AFCD8FF5C" author="Hale, M. E." box="[136,839,157,185]" page=")" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" year="1974">
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<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFB52F47FF1AFF1AFCD8FF5C" ID-CoL="4DPWC" authority="(Vainio) Hale (1974 a: 335) MycoBank" authorityName="Hale" authorityYear="1974" baseAuthorityName="Vainio" box="[136,839,157,185]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="dilatatum">
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||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB52F47FF1AFF1AFE11FF5C" bold="true" box="[136,398,157,184]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Parmotrema dilatatum</emphasis>
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||
(Vainio)
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFB52F47FE6AFF1AFD5BFF5D" author="Hale, M. E." box="[504,708,158,185]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="334 - 339" refId="ref122611" refString="Hale, M. E. (1974 a) New combinations in the lichen genus Parmotrema Massalongo. Phytologia 28: 334 - 339." type="journal article" year="1974">Hale (1974a: 335)</bibRefCitation>
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MycoBank
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</taxonomicName>
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no. 343038
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFB52F47FF1AFF41FD5BFF3E" blockId="45.[136,1451,157,328]" box="[136,708,197,219]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
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<treatmentCitation id="0AF21149FFB52F47FF1AFF41FDCDFF3F" author="Vainio, E. A." box="[136,594,197,219]" page=")" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" year="1890">
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<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFB52F47FF1AFF41FDCDFF3F" ID-CoL="4DNQY" authority="Vainio (1890: 32) MycoBank" authorityName="Vainio" authorityYear="1890" box="[136,594,197,219]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmelia" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="dilatata">
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<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB52F47FF1AFF41FEADFF3E" box="[136,306,197,218]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Parmelia dilatata</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFB52F47FEAAFF41FE7EFF3E" author="Vainio, E. A." box="[312,481,197,219]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="1 - 247" refId="ref131560" refString="Vainio, E. A. (1890) Etude sur la classification et la morphologie des lichens du Bresil. Pars prima. Acta Societatis pro Fauna et Flora Fennica 7: V - XXIX, 1 - 247." type="journal article" year="1890">Vainio (1890: 32)</bibRefCitation>
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MycoBank
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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no. 122344
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C34964D3FFB52F44FF1AFF6DFB68FBD8" lastPageId="46" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFB52F47FF1AFF6DFB3CFEC7" blockId="45.[136,1451,157,328]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
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<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB52F47FF1AFF6DFF25FF1A" bold="true" box="[136,186,233,254]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Type</emphasis>
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:—
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<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFB52F47FF45FF6EFEACFF1B" box="[215,307,234,255]" name="Brazil" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
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.
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||
<collectingRegion id="4997F9BAFFB52F47FEA9FF6DFE21FF1B" box="[315,446,233,255]" country="Brazil" name="Minas Gerais" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Minas Gerais</collectingRegion>
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||
: Sitio [now Antônio Carlos,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFB52F47FD5BFF6DFCB2FF1A" author="Ahti, T." box="[713,813,233,255]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="37 - 46" refId="ref115019" refString="Ahti, T. (1998) E. A. Vainio and his journey to Brazil, with notes on the Cladoniaceae. In: Marcelli, M. P. & Ahti, T. (Eds.) Recollecting Edvard August Vainio. CETESB, Sao Paulo, pp. 37 - 46." type="book chapter" year="1998">Ahti 1998</bibRefCitation>
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||
],
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||
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFB52F47FCA9FF6DFC1AFF1B" box="[827,901,233,255]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="m" value="1000.0">1000 m</quantity>
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, s.d.,
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||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB52F47FC28FF6EFBCCFF1B" box="[954,1107,234,255]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">E.A. Vainio s.n.,</emphasis>
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||
distributed as
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||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB52F47FB4EFF6DFEA0FEC6" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Lichenes Brasilienses Exsiccati 397</emphasis>
|
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(
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||
<collectionCode id="ED42AF9DFFB52F47FEDEFE89FE08FEC6" box="[332,407,269,290]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">TUR-V</collectionCode>
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2548 [image!],
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<typeStatus id="54E889FAFFB52F47FDA3FE89FD17FEC7" box="[561,648,269,291]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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; BM, FH, M [image!], UPS,
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||
<typeStatus id="54E889FAFFB52F47FC32FE89FC6DFEC7" box="[928,1010,269,291]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="isotype">isotypes</typeStatus>
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||
; fide
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFB52F47FBB4FE89FB07FEC7" author="Hale, M. E." box="[1062,1176,269,291]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="193 - 358" refId="ref122458" refString="Hale, M. E. (1965 a) A monograph of Parmelia subgenus Amphigymnia. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 36: 193 - 358." type="journal article" year="1965">
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<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFB52F47FBB4FE89FBCCFEC7" box="[1062,1107,269,291]" genus="Hale" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" rank="genus">Hale</taxonomicName>
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||
1965a
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFB52F47FF1AFEAAFF75FEAC" blockId="45.[136,1451,157,328]" box="[136,234,302,328]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFB52F47FF02FEAAFF7DFEAC" box="[144,226,302,328]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="45.[136,229,1909,1931]" captionTargetBox="[163,1433,1005,1881]" captionTargetId="figure-355@45.[150,1435,1004,1885]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="FIGURE 19. Parmotrema dilatatum. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection site (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 17–18); C: Gross morphology of thallus (Masson 974.4112); D: Eciliate sorediate lobes, with young linear interrupted to somewhat labriform soralia, and older, ± subcapitate soralia on short ascending laciniae, finally ± coalescing on arbuscular rising structures (Masson 974.4112). Scale bars: A = 10 km; C = 10 mm; D = 4 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217512" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217512/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFB52F47FF1AFEF2FDE5FCA4" blockId="45.[136,1452,374,976]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB52F47FF1AFEF2FF43FE74" box="[136,220,374,400]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Thallus</emphasis>
|
||
foliose, loosely to moderately adnate, subcoriaceous, up to 12 ×
|
||
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFB52F47FC2AFEF2FC6CFE74" box="[952,1011,374,400]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="cm" value="7.0">7 cm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB52F47FC6CFEF2FBDEFE74" box="[1022,1089,374,400]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Lobes</emphasis>
|
||
imbricate, irregularly branched,
|
||
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFB52F47FF1AFE1EFF6BFE50" box="[136,244,410,437]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="7.5" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="5.0">5–10 mm</quantity>
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||
wide, rarely plane, frequently ascending when sorediate, occasionally convolute; margins undulated, often crenate or shortly laciniate, occasionally lobulate, with black rim; apices rounded; eciliate or very sparsely ciliate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFB52F47FF02FE66FF67FE18" box="[144,248,482,508]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="45.[136,229,1909,1931]" captionTargetBox="[163,1433,1005,1881]" captionTargetId="figure-355@45.[150,1435,1004,1885]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="FIGURE 19. Parmotrema dilatatum. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection site (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 17–18); C: Gross morphology of thallus (Masson 974.4112); D: Eciliate sorediate lobes, with young linear interrupted to somewhat labriform soralia, and older, ± subcapitate soralia on short ascending laciniae, finally ± coalescing on arbuscular rising structures (Masson 974.4112). Scale bars: A = 10 km; C = 10 mm; D = 4 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217512" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217512/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Fig. 19C</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB52F47FE9FFE66FEDAFE18" box="[269,325,482,508]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Cilia</emphasis>
|
||
black, rare, simple or rarely once bifurcate, up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFB52F47FC11FE66FC45FE18" box="[899,986,482,508]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="1.6">1.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
long.
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB52F47FBB1FE67FB5AFE18" box="[1059,1221,482,508]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Upper surface</emphasis>
|
||
pale yellowish grey near lobe tips to pale yellowish centrally, emaculate or faintly punctiform white-maculate, smooth near lobe tips but reticulated cracked in older parts, sorediate, lacking schizidia, pustules, dactyls, phyllidia and isidia; marginal lobules occasionally present, up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFB52F47FE24FDCAFD94FD8C" box="[438,523,590,617]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide.
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB52F47FDC6FDCAFD39FD8C" box="[596,678,590,616]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Soralia</emphasis>
|
||
marginal at first, linear interrupted to somewhat labriform, then more or less subcapitate on short ascending laciniae, finally ± coalescing on arbuscular rising structures (up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFB52F47FA87FDF6FAF5FD68" box="[1301,1386,626,653]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="3.5">3.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
high) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFB52F47FF02FD12FF68FD54" box="[144,247,662,688]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="45.[136,229,1909,1931]" captionTargetBox="[163,1433,1005,1881]" captionTargetId="figure-355@45.[150,1435,1004,1885]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="FIGURE 19. Parmotrema dilatatum. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection site (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 17–18); C: Gross morphology of thallus (Masson 974.4112); D: Eciliate sorediate lobes, with young linear interrupted to somewhat labriform soralia, and older, ± subcapitate soralia on short ascending laciniae, finally ± coalescing on arbuscular rising structures (Masson 974.4112). Scale bars: A = 10 km; C = 10 mm; D = 4 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217512" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217512/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Fig. 19D</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB52F47FE98FD12FEFFFD54" box="[266,352,662,688]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Soredia</emphasis>
|
||
granulose, (40)–
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB52F47FD89FD12FDD3FD54" box="[539,588,662,688]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">54.3</emphasis>
|
||
–(70) µm in diameter (n = 30, SD = 8.4 µm).
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB52F47FBAEFD12FB06FD54" box="[1084,1177,662,688]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Medulla</emphasis>
|
||
white throughout, rarely with a yellowish tinge near the lower cortex.
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB52F47FD17FD3FFCB9FD30" box="[645,806,698,724]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Lower surface</emphasis>
|
||
smooth to verruculose, black and more or less mat to the margin or with a shiny, chestnut brown naked marginal zone (ca.
|
||
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFB52F47FCFFFD5AFC54FD1C" box="[877,971,734,760]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="4.0" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="2.0">2–6 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide).
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB52F47FB8DFD5AFBE1FD1C" box="[1055,1150,734,760]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Rhizines</emphasis>
|
||
black, in scattered groups, simple to furcate, short (up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFB52F47FE4BFC86FDB0FCF8" box="[473,559,770,797]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
long).
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB52F47FDECFC86FD6FFCF8" box="[638,752,770,796]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Apothecia</emphasis>
|
||
not present.
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB52F47FC12FC86FC7BFCF8" box="[896,996,770,796]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Pycnidia</emphasis>
|
||
rare, submarginal towards apices, black.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFB52F47FF1AFCA2FF7DFCA4" box="[136,226,806,832]" class="Arthoniomycetes" family="Arthoniaceae" genus="Conidia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Fungi" order="Arthoniales" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB52F47FF1AFCA2FF7DFCA4" box="[136,226,806,832]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Conidia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
not found (7 pycnidia investigated).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFB52F47FF2FFCCDFAF4FC34" blockId="45.[136,1452,374,976]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB52F47FF2FFCCDFEA4FC87" bold="true" box="[189,315,841,867]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Chemistry</emphasis>
|
||
:—
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB52F47FECDFCCEFD18FC80" box="[351,647,842,868]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Spot tests and fluorescence</emphasis>
|
||
: upper cortex K+ yellow, UV−; medulla K± yellowish,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED42AF9DFFB52F47FB77FCCEFA95FC80" box="[1253,1290,842,868]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">C−</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED42AF9DFFB52F47FA81FCCEFAA4FC80" box="[1299,1339,842,868]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">KC</collectionCode>
|
||
+ pink, P+ orange, UV−.
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB52F47FEB5FCEAFDBBFC6C" box="[295,548,878,904]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Secondary metabolites</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED42AF9DFFB52F47FDA0FCEAFDF2FC6C" box="[562,621,878,904]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">TLC</collectionCode>
|
||
): upper cortex with atranorin, chloroatranorin and usnic acid; medulla with protocetraric acid (major), echinocarpic acid (major), conechinocarpic acid, subechinocarpic acid and 3 undetermined substances. Mauritian collection with the same chemistry, except two undetermined substances instead of three.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF2C67D0FFB52F47FF1AF8F1FE41F7FF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217512" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13217512" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217512/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" startId="45.[136,229,1909,1931]" targetBox="[163,1433,1005,1881]" targetPageId="45" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFB52F47FF1AF8F1FE41F7FF" blockId="45.[136,1452,1909,2075]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB52F47FF1AF8F1FE96F86E" bold="true" box="[136,265,1909,1931]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">FIGURE 19.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFB52F47FE9CF8F2FE77F86E" box="[270,488,1909,1931]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="dilatatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB52F47FE9CF8F2FE77F86E" box="[270,488,1909,1931]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Parmotrema dilatatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB52F47FE66F8F1FD9AF86E" bold="true" box="[500,517,1909,1930]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">A</emphasis>
|
||
: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system);
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB52F47FB81F8F1FBBCF86E" bold="true" box="[1043,1059,1909,1930]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">B</emphasis>
|
||
: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection site (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFB52F47FC77F81DFAA2F84A" author="Rivas-Martinez, S. & Rivas-Saenz, S. & Penas, A." box="[997,1341,1945,1967]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="1 - 634" refId="ref129604" refString="Rivas-Martinez, S., Rivas-Saenz, S. & Penas, A. (2011) Worldwide bioclimatic classification system. Global Geobotany 1: 1 - 634 + 4 maps." type="book chapter" year="2011">
|
||
Rivas-Martínez
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB52F47FB11F81EFB2EF84A" box="[1155,1201,1945,1967]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2011: 17–18
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB52F47FAC0F81DFAFCF84B" bold="true" box="[1362,1379,1945,1967]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">C</emphasis>
|
||
: Gross morphology of thallus (
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB52F47FEFFF83AFD88F836" box="[365,535,1981,2003]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Masson 974.4112</emphasis>
|
||
);
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB52F47FDBEF839FDA2F836" bold="true" box="[556,573,1981,2002]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">D</emphasis>
|
||
: Eciliate sorediate lobes, with young linear interrupted to somewhat labriform soralia, and older, ± subcapitate soralia on short ascending laciniae, finally ± coalescing on arbuscular rising structures (
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB52F47FB1AF866FAAFF812" box="[1160,1328,2017,2039]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Masson 974.4112</emphasis>
|
||
). Scale bars: A = 10 km; C = 10 mm; D = 4 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFB62F44FF2FFF1AFB8CFE50" blockId="46.[136,1452,158,2093]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB62F44FF2FFF1AFE68FF5C" bold="true" box="[189,503,158,184]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Geographical distribution</emphasis>
|
||
:—Considered pantropical by several authors (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFB62F44FB9FFF1AFB5BFF5C" author="Louwhoff, S. H. J. J." box="[1037,1220,158,184]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="223 - 246" refId="ref125687" refString="Louwhoff, S. H. J. J. (2001) Biogeography of Hypotrachyna, Parmotrema and allied genera (Parmeliaceae) in the Pacific islands. Bibliotheca Lichenologica 78: 223 - 246." type="journal article" year="2001">Louwhoff 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFB62F44FB43FF1AFA38FF5C" author="Nash, T. H., III & Elix, J. A." box="[1233,1447,158,184]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" refId="ref128385" refString="Nash, T. H., III & Elix, J. A. (2002) Parmotrema. In: Nash, T. H., III, Ryan, B. D., Gries, C. & Bungartz, F. (Eds.) Lichen Flora of the Greater Sonoran Desert Region Vol. 1. Lichens Unlimited, Arizona State University, Tempe, pp. 318 - 329." type="book" year="2002">Nash & Elix 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFB62F44FF1AFF46FEA1FF38" author="Kurokawa, S." box="[136,318,194,220]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="721 - 738" refId="ref124620" refString="Kurokawa, S. (2006) Phytogeographical elements of the lichen flora of Japan. The Journal of the Hattori Botanical Laboratory 100: 721 - 738." type="journal article" year="2006">Kurokawa 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) but, given the divergent interpretations in the circumscription of the species (see Notes below), it is premature to have an accurate view of its distribution. Specimens with atranorin and usnic acid in the upper cortex and protocetraric and echinocarpic acids as main extrolites in the medulla are cited from:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFB62F44FBE4FE8FFB5DFEC1" box="[1142,1218,267,293]" name="Kenya" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Kenya</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFB62F44FB5FFE8EFAADFEC0" box="[1229,1330,266,292]" name="Tanzania" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFB62F44FAFAFE8EFF51FEAD" name="Sierra Leone" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Sierra Leone</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFB62F44FF4DFEAAFE63FEAC" author="Krog, H. & Swinscow, T. D. V." box="[223,508,302,328]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="143 - 231" refId="ref124129" refString="Krog, H. & Swinscow, T. D. V. (1981) Parmelia subgenus Amphigymnia (lichens) in East Africa. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Botany series 9: 143 - 231." type="book chapter" year="1981">Krog & Swinscow 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), NE
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFB62F44FDD3FEAAFD37FEAC" box="[577,680,302,328]" name="Australia" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFB62F44FD2BFEAAFCB0FEAC" author="Elix, J. A." box="[697,815,302,328]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="140 - 162" refId="ref120420" refString="Elix, J. A. (1994) Parmotrema. Flora of Australia 55: 140 - 162." type="journal article" year="1994">Elix 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFB62F44FCD7FEABFBBCFEAC" box="[837,1059,302,329]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFB62F44FBA6FEAAFADBFEAC" author="Louwhoff, S. H. J. J. & Elix, J. A." box="[1076,1348,302,328]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="1 - 152" refId="ref125819" refString="Louwhoff, S. H. J. J. & Elix, J. A. (1999) Parmotrema and allied lichen genera in Papua New Guinea. Bibliotheca Lichenologica 73: 1 - 152." type="journal article" year="1999">Louwhoff & Elix 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFB62F44FACBFEAAFA34FEAC" box="[1369,1451,302,328]" name="Taiwan" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFB62F44FF1DFED6FE09FE88" author="Kurokawa, S. & Lai, M. J." box="[143,406,338,364]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="225 - 284" refId="ref124649" refString="Kurokawa, S. & Lai, M. J. (2001) Parmelioid lichen genera and species in Taiwan. Mycotaxon 57: 225 - 284." type="journal article" year="2001">Kurokawa & Lai 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFB62F44FE38FED7FDC6FE88" box="[426,601,338,365]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Louwoff & Elix 2002),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFB62F44FCEBFED6FC50FE88" box="[889,975,338,364]" name="Mexico" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFB62F44FC4CFED6FB00FE88" author="Egan, R. S. & Perez-Perez, R. E. & Nash III, T. H." box="[990,1183,338,365]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="323 - 425" refId="ref120237" refString="Egan, R. S., Perez-Perez, R. E. & Nash III, T. H. (2016) Parmotrema in Mexico. Bibliotheca Lichenologica 110: 323 - 425." type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||
Egan
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB62F44FBB0FED7FBCBFE88" box="[1058,1108,338,364]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), SE
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFB62F44FB4EFED6FA8DFE88" box="[1244,1298,338,364]" name="United States of America" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFB62F44FAB0FED6FF5EFE74" author="Brodo, I. M. & Duran Sharnoff, S. & Sharnoff, S." pageId="46" pageNumber="47" refId="ref116774" refString="Brodo, I. M., Duran Sharnoff, S. & Sharnoff, S. (2001) Lichens of North America. Yale University Press, New Haven & London, 795 pp." type="book" year="2001">
|
||
Brodo
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB62F44FAE0FED7FA3AFE88" box="[1394,1445,338,364]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2001
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and South America, where the species seems to be widely distributed (see map in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFB62F44FBF7FEF2FAEAFE74" author="Michlig, A. & Ferraro, L. I." box="[1125,1397,374,401]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="323 - 331" refId="ref127598" refString="Michlig, A. & Ferraro, L. I. (2012) Nuevos registros de especies sorediadas de Parmotrema con acido protocetrarico (Ascomycota, Parmeliaceae) en el sur de Sudamerica. Darwiniana 50 (2): 323 - 331." type="journal article" year="2012">Michlig & Ferraro 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and locally frequent (e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFB62F44FEEAFE1EFD9AFE51" author="Donha, C. G." box="[376,517,410,437]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" refId="ref120106" refString="Donha, C. G. (2005) Os generos Canomaculina, Parmotrema e Rimelia (Ascomycota liquenizados, Parmeliaceae) na area de protecao ambiental de Guaraquecaba-Parana-Brasil. Dissertacao (mestrado) Universidade Federal do Parana, Setor de Ciencias Biologicas, Curitiba, 118 pp." type="book" year="2005">Donha 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFB62F44FD82FE1EFCAEFE50" author="Benatti, M. N. & Marcelli, M. P." box="[528,817,410,436]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="304 - 321" refId="ref116004" refString="Benatti, M. N. & Marcelli, M. P. (2010 a) Especies de Parmotrema (Parmeliaceae, Ascomycota) do litoral centro-sul do estado de Sao Paulo III. Grupos quimicos equinocarpico e stictico. Acta Botanica Brasilica 24 (2): 304 - 321." type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Benatti & Marcelli 2010
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFB62F44FCB7FE1EFCAEFE50" author="Butcher, B. A. & Smith, M. A. & Sharkey, M. J. & Quicke, D. L. J." box="[805,817,410,436]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="1 - 232" refId="ref116903" refString="Butcher, B. A., Smith, M. A., Sharkey, M. J. & Quicke, D. L. J. (2012) A turbo-taxonomic study of Thai Aleiodes (Aleiodes) and Aleiodes (Arcaleiodes) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Rogadinae) based largely on COI barcoded specimens, with rapid descriptions of 179 new species. Zootaxa 3457: 1 - 232." type="journal article" year="2012">a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Cunha-Dias 2012).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFB62F44FF2FFE3AFB68FBD8" blockId="46.[136,1452,158,2093]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
||
This species appears to be rare in the countries west and north of the Indian Ocean, as it has only been found at two locations, one in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFB62F44FE32FE67FE76FE19" box="[416,489,483,509]" name="Kenya" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Kenya</collectingCountry>
|
||
and one in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFB62F44FDE4FE66FD44FE18" box="[630,731,482,508]" name="Tanzania" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFB62F44FD79FE66FB97FE18" author="Krog, H. & Swinscow, T. D. V." box="[747,1032,482,508]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="143 - 231" refId="ref124129" refString="Krog, H. & Swinscow, T. D. V. (1981) Parmelia subgenus Amphigymnia (lichens) in East Africa. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Botany series 9: 143 - 231." type="book chapter" year="1981">Krog & Swinscow 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFB62F44FBADFE66FBE4FE18" box="[1087,1147,482,508]" name="India" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
, the status of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFB62F44FA8DFE67FF6CFDC4" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="dilatatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB62F44FA8DFE67FF6CFDC4" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Parmotrema dilatatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is still very confused. In their monograph on parmelioid lichens in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFB62F44FC7AFD82FBBBFDC4" box="[1000,1060,518,544]" name="India" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFB62F44FBBDFD82FAD8FDC5" author="Divakar, P. K. & Upreti, D. K." box="[1071,1351,518,545]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" refId="ref119200" refString="Divakar, P. K. & Upreti, D. K. (2005) Parmelioid Lichens in India (A revisionary study). Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehra Dun, 488 pp." type="book" year="2005">Divakar & Upreti (2005)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported this species, but with chemistry that mentions only atranorin and protocetraric acid. However, on the corresponding chromatographic profile on the plate-50A (No10), a yellow spot, with a Rf similar to that of salazinic acid, appears above the protocetraric acid spot; it could well be echinocarpic acid. The more recent reviews of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFB62F44FB5CFDF6FAE4FD68" author="Awasthi, D. D." box="[1230,1403,626,652]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" refId="ref115767" refString="Awasthi, D. D. (2007) A Compendium of the Macrolichens from India, Nepal and Sri Lanka. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehra Dun, 580 pp." type="book" year="2007">Awasthi (2007)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFB62F44FF1AFD12FE05FD54" author="Mishra, G. K. & Upreti, D. K." box="[136,410,662,688]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="18 - 40" refId="ref127702" refString="Mishra, G. K. & Upreti, D. K. (2017) The lichen genus Parmotrema A. Massal. (Lecanorales, Ascomycota) from India with addition distributional records. Crytogam Biodiversity and Assessment 2 (2): 18 - 40. https: // doi. org / 10.21756 / cab. v 2 i 02.11117" type="journal article" year="2017">Mishra & Upreti (2017)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
do not mention
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFB62F44FDCBFD13FD7EFD54" box="[601,737,662,688]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="dilatatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB62F44FDCBFD13FD7EFD54" box="[601,737,662,688]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">P. dilatatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFB62F44FC9BFD12FCD9FD54" box="[777,838,662,688]" name="India" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
. The only data for
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFB62F44FBB0FD12FB36FD54" box="[1058,1193,662,688]" name="Madagascar" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
are from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFB62F44FA8FFD12FF4AFD30" author="des Abbayes, H." pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="81 - 121" refId="ref118844" refString="des Abbayes, H. (1961) Lichens recoltes a Madagascar et a la Reunion (mission H. des Abbayes, 1956). I. Introduction, II. Parmeliacees. Memoires de l'Institut scientifique de Madagascar, Serie B 10 (2): 81 - 121." type="journal article" year="1961">des Abbayes (1961)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, who also reported the species from one locality in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFB62F44FC8AFD3EFCE4FD30" box="[792,891,698,724]" name="Réunion" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Réunion</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Initially, des Abbayes identified his specimens as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFB62F44FF1AFD5AFED1FD1C" box="[136,334,734,760]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmelia" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB62F44FF1AFD5AFED1FD1C" box="[136,334,734,760]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Parmelia robusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFB62F44FEE5FD5BFDEAFD1C" box="[375,629,734,760]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="robustum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB62F44FEE5FD5BFDEAFD1C" box="[375,629,734,760]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Parmotrema robustum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), but he followed Hale’s suggestion (
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB62F44FBB0FD5BFBFFFD1C" box="[1058,1120,734,760]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">in litt</emphasis>
|
||
.) that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFB62F44FB39FD5BFA34FD1C" box="[1195,1451,734,760]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="dilatatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB62F44FB39FD5BFA34FD1C" box="[1195,1451,734,760]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Parmotrema dilatatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFB62F44FF2AFC87FEA3FCF8" box="[184,316,770,796]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="robustum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB62F44FF2AFC87FEA3FCF8" box="[184,316,770,796]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">P. robustum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
might be conspecific. These two taxa were later recognized as distinct by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFB62F44FBEDFC86FA96FCF8" author="Hale, M. E." box="[1151,1289,770,796]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="432 - 448" refId="ref122725" refString="Hale, M. E. (1977) New species in the lichen genus Parmotrema Mass. Mycotaxon 5 (2): 432 - 448." type="journal article" year="1977">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFB62F44FBEDFC86FB2BFCF8" box="[1151,1204,770,796]" genus="Hale" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" rank="genus">Hale</taxonomicName>
|
||
(1977)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. We were able to examine the specimen collected by des Abbayes from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFB62F44FC8DFCA2FCE1FCA4" box="[799,894,806,832]" name="Réunion" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Réunion</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED42AF9DFFB62F44FC1DFCA2FC56FCA4" box="[911,969,806,832]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35038" name="Culture Scientifique et Technique (CST) Université de Rennes 1" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="Herbarium">REN</collectionCode>
|
||
000044). Its morphological and chemical characteristics (only protocetraric and several undetermined fatty acids in the medulla) show that it is indeed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFB62F44FA05FCCFFF6EFC6C" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="robustum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB62F44FA05FCCFFF6EFC6C" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">P. robustum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Malagasy specimens still need to be checked. On
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFB62F44FCA4FCEAFC0AFC6C" box="[822,917,878,904]" name="Réunion" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Réunion</collectingCountry>
|
||
this taxon is apparently rare, known from only one locality (present work,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFB62F44FE5BFC16FDABFC48" box="[457,564,914,940]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="45.[136,229,1909,1931]" captionTargetBox="[163,1433,1005,1881]" captionTargetId="figure-355@45.[150,1435,1004,1885]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="FIGURE 19. Parmotrema dilatatum. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection site (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 17–18); C: Gross morphology of thallus (Masson 974.4112); D: Eciliate sorediate lobes, with young linear interrupted to somewhat labriform soralia, and older, ± subcapitate soralia on short ascending laciniae, finally ± coalescing on arbuscular rising structures (Masson 974.4112). Scale bars: A = 10 km; C = 10 mm; D = 4 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217512" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217512/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Fig. 19A</figureCitation>
|
||
). There is also only one recent collection from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFB62F44FBF1FC16FB4FFC48" box="[1123,1232,914,940]" name="Mauritius" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Mauritius</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Diederich & Ertz 2020). The other old collections cited in that paper, from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFB62F44FC89FC32FC24FC35" author="Dodge, C. W." box="[795,955,950,977]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="39 - 193" refId="ref120071" refString="Dodge, C. W. (1959) Some lichens of Tropical Africa III. Parmeliaceae. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 46 (1 - 2): 39 - 193." type="journal article" year="1959">Dodge (1959)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, refer to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFB62F44FBB7FC32FAA7FC34" authority="Dodge" authorityName="Dodge" box="[1061,1336,950,976]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmelia" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="sieberi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB62F44FBB7FC32FB7DFC34" box="[1061,1250,950,976]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Parmelia sieberi</emphasis>
|
||
Dodge
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a species synonymized with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFB62F44FECFFC5FFDC3FC10" box="[349,604,986,1012]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="dilatatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB62F44FECFFC5FFDC3FC10" box="[349,604,986,1012]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Parmotrema dilatatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFB62F44FD15FC5EFC82FC11" author="Hale, M. E." box="[647,797,986,1013]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="193 - 358" refId="ref122458" refString="Hale, M. E. (1965 a) A monograph of Parmelia subgenus Amphigymnia. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 36: 193 - 358." type="journal article" year="1965">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFB62F44FD15FC5EFD23FC10" box="[647,700,986,1012]" genus="Hale" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" rank="genus">Hale</taxonomicName>
|
||
(1965a)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E889FAFFB62F44FCC8FC5FFC15FC11" box="[858,906,987,1013]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">type</typeStatus>
|
||
collection of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFB62F44FBB7FC5EFB7EFC10" box="[1061,1249,986,1012]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmelia" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="sieberi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB62F44FBB7FC5EFB7EFC10" box="[1061,1249,986,1012]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Parmelia sieberi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clearly refers to a different species as it contains salazinic acid instead of protocetraric and echinocarpic acids (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFB62F44FB06FC7AFA39FBFC" author="Krog, H. & Swinscow, T. D. V." box="[1172,1446,1022,1048]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="143 - 231" refId="ref124129" refString="Krog, H. & Swinscow, T. D. V. (1981) Parmelia subgenus Amphigymnia (lichens) in East Africa. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Botany series 9: 143 - 231." type="book chapter" year="1981">Krog & Swinscow 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFB62F44FF1AFBA6FE59FBD8" author="Spielmann, A. A. & Marcelli, M. P." box="[136,454,1058,1084]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="403 - 508" refId="ref130675" refString="Spielmann, A. A. & Marcelli, M. P. (2020) Type studies on Parmotrema (Parmeliaceae, Ascomycota) with salazinic acid. Plant and Fungal Systematics 65 (2): 403 - 508. https: // doi. org / 10.35535 / pfsyst- 2020 - 0028" type="journal article" year="2020">Spielmann & Marcelli 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); therefore, these old collections from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFB62F44FCE4FBA6FC7CFBD8" box="[886,995,1058,1084]" name="Mauritius" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Mauritius</collectingCountry>
|
||
need to be re-examined.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34964D3FFB62F45FF2FFBC2FBBFFE3C" lastPageId="47" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFB62F44FF2FFBC2FD3BFAF1" blockId="46.[136,1452,158,2093]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB62F44FF2FFBC2FE83FB84" bold="true" box="[189,284,1094,1120]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Ecology</emphasis>
|
||
:—The single thallus collected on
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFB62F44FD0FFBC2FD63FB84" box="[669,764,1094,1120]" name="Réunion" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Réunion</collectingCountry>
|
||
grew on the bark of a well-lit branch of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFB62F44FB53FBC2FA3BFB84" box="[1217,1444,1094,1120]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="montanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB62F44FB53FBC2FA3BFB84" box="[1217,1444,1094,1120]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Pandanus montanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in a
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFB62F44FF2CFBEEFEB1FB60" box="[190,302,1130,1156]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB62F44FF2CFBEEFEB1FB60" box="[190,302,1130,1156]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Pandanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
submontane wet thicket (
|
||
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFB62F44FDCBFBEEFD3AFB61" box="[601,677,1130,1157]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.25" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" unit="m" value="725.0">725 m</quantity>
|
||
elevation). The bioclimatic features of the locality are: bioclimate: pluvial tropical, thermotype belt: upper thermotropical (It = 495), ombrotype belt: ultrahyperhumid (Io = 26.1) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFB62F44FAECFB0AFF25FB28" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="45.[136,229,1909,1931]" captionTargetBox="[163,1433,1005,1881]" captionTargetId="figure-355@45.[150,1435,1004,1885]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="FIGURE 19. Parmotrema dilatatum. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection site (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 17–18); C: Gross morphology of thallus (Masson 974.4112); D: Eciliate sorediate lobes, with young linear interrupted to somewhat labriform soralia, and older, ± subcapitate soralia on short ascending laciniae, finally ± coalescing on arbuscular rising structures (Masson 974.4112). Scale bars: A = 10 km; C = 10 mm; D = 4 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217512" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217512/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Fig. 19B</figureCitation>
|
||
). According to the limited ecological data available in the literature,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFB62F44FC3FFB37FB34FB28" box="[941,1195,1202,1228]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="dilatatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB62F44FC3FFB37FB34FB28" box="[941,1195,1202,1228]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Parmotrema dilatatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a mainly corticolous species, occasionally lignicolous (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFB62F44FD9AFB52FD06FB15" author="Donha, C. G." box="[520,665,1238,1265]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" refId="ref120106" refString="Donha, C. G. (2005) Os generos Canomaculina, Parmotrema e Rimelia (Ascomycota liquenizados, Parmeliaceae) na area de protecao ambiental de Guaraquecaba-Parana-Brasil. Dissertacao (mestrado) Universidade Federal do Parana, Setor de Ciencias Biologicas, Curitiba, 118 pp." type="book" year="2005">Donha 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), which occurs at fairly low elevations (e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFB62F44FB00FB53FA39FB14" author="Krog, H. & Swinscow, T. D. V." box="[1170,1446,1238,1265]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="143 - 231" refId="ref124129" refString="Krog, H. & Swinscow, T. D. V. (1981) Parmelia subgenus Amphigymnia (lichens) in East Africa. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Botany series 9: 143 - 231." type="book chapter" year="1981">Krog & Swinscow 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFB62F44FF1AFB7EFE13FAF0" author="Louwhoff, S. H. J. J. & Elix, J. A." box="[136,396,1274,1300]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="1 - 152" refId="ref125819" refString="Louwhoff, S. H. J. J. & Elix, J. A. (1999) Parmotrema and allied lichen genera in Papua New Guinea. Bibliotheca Lichenologica 73: 1 - 152." type="journal article" year="1999">Louwhoff & Elix 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFB62F44FE05FB7EFE61FAF0" author="Lai, M. J." box="[407,510,1274,1300]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="39 - 46" refId="ref124839" refString="Lai, M. J. (2001) Parmelioid lichen biodiversity and distributional ecology in Taiwan. Fungal Science 16 (3, 4): 39 - 46." type="journal article" year="2001">Lai 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFB62F44FD9BFB7EFD07FAF1" author="Donha, C. G." box="[521,664,1274,1301]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" refId="ref120106" refString="Donha, C. G. (2005) Os generos Canomaculina, Parmotrema e Rimelia (Ascomycota liquenizados, Parmeliaceae) na area de protecao ambiental de Guaraquecaba-Parana-Brasil. Dissertacao (mestrado) Universidade Federal do Parana, Setor de Ciencias Biologicas, Curitiba, 118 pp." type="book" year="2005">Donha 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFB62F44FF55FA9AFB8FF944" blockId="46.[136,1452,158,2093]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB62F44FF55FA9AFE95FADC" bold="true" box="[199,266,1310,1336]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Notes</emphasis>
|
||
:—More than 130 years after its description, the delimitation of this species is still uncertain. It seems clear that phenotypic characters (morphology, secondary metabolites) alone are insufficient to clarify what
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFB62F44FAC8FAC6FEFBFA64" author="Benatti, M. N. & Marcelli, M. P." pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="304 - 321" refId="ref116004" refString="Benatti, M. N. & Marcelli, M. P. (2010 a) Especies de Parmotrema (Parmeliaceae, Ascomycota) do litoral centro-sul do estado de Sao Paulo III. Grupos quimicos equinocarpico e stictico. Acta Botanica Brasilica 24 (2): 304 - 321." type="journal article" year="2010">Benatti & Marcelli (2010a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
have called the ‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFB62F44FDBAFAE3FCB8FA64" box="[552,807,1382,1408]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="dilatatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB62F44FDBAFAE3FCB8FA64" box="[552,807,1382,1408]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Parmotrema dilatatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex’. The chemistry of the
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D55FCD1FFB62F44FB0EFAE3FADCFA64" box="[1180,1347,1382,1409]" count="2" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
from the Mascarene Islands examined corresponds to that of the type collection [
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E889FAFFB62F44FC32FA0EFC6BFA40" box="[928,1012,1418,1444]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="isotype">isotype</typeStatus>
|
||
in BM examined by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFB62F44FB4FFA0FFF49FA2C" author="Krog, H. & Swinscow, T. D. V." pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="143 - 231" refId="ref124129" refString="Krog, H. & Swinscow, T. D. V. (1981) Parmelia subgenus Amphigymnia (lichens) in East Africa. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Botany series 9: 143 - 231." type="book chapter" year="1981">Krog & Swinscow (1981)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E889FAFFB62F44FF72FA2AFEAEFA2C" box="[224,305,1454,1480]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="isotype">isotype</typeStatus>
|
||
in M examined by Aubel (label dated 1985)]: atranorin and usnic acid in the upper cortex, echinocarpic and protocetraric acids as main medullary substances with 4–6 others undetermined.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFB62F44FBEBFA57FA34FA08" author="Krog, H. & Swinscow, T. D. V." box="[1145,1451,1490,1517]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="143 - 231" refId="ref124129" refString="Krog, H. & Swinscow, T. D. V. (1981) Parmelia subgenus Amphigymnia (lichens) in East Africa. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Botany series 9: 143 - 231." type="book chapter" year="1981">Krog & Swinscow (1981)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
also pointed out traces of pigments in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E889FAFFB62F44FDFFFA72FD21F9F4" box="[621,702,1526,1552]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="isotype">isotype</typeStatus>
|
||
in BM and considered the medulla of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFB62F44FBECFA73FA98F9F4" box="[1150,1287,1526,1552]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="dilatatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB62F44FBECFA73FA98F9F4" box="[1150,1287,1526,1552]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">P. dilatatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as ‘inherently pigmented’, but with variable concentration of pigments.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFB62F44FC9EF99EFC13F9D0" author="Elix, J. A." box="[780,908,1562,1588]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="140 - 162" refId="ref120420" refString="Elix, J. A. (1994) Parmotrema. Flora of Australia 55: 140 - 162." type="journal article" year="1994">Elix (1994)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported secalonic acid A in the specimens from northeast
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFB62F44FF67F9BAFEC0F9BC" box="[245,351,1598,1624]" name="Australia" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, but no pigment was detected in the specimens from the nearby
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFB62F44FBA6F9BBFA91F9BC" box="[1076,1294,1598,1625]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFB62F44FA8EF9BAFF63F998" author="Louwhoff, S. H. J. J. & Elix, J. A." pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="1 - 152" refId="ref125819" refString="Louwhoff, S. H. J. J. & Elix, J. A. (1999) Parmotrema and allied lichen genera in Papua New Guinea. Bibliotheca Lichenologica 73: 1 - 152." type="journal article" year="1999">Louwhoff & Elix 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Specimens with medullary pigments are considered by some authors (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFB62F44FBA5F9E6FB5EF998" author="Hale, M. E." box="[1079,1217,1634,1660]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="105 - 116" refId="ref122637" refString="Hale, M. E. (1974 b) Notes on species of Parmotrema (Lichenes: Parmeliaceae) containing yellow pigments. Mycotaxon 1: 105 - 116." type="journal article" year="1974">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFB62F44FBA5F9E6FBF1F998" box="[1079,1134,1634,1660]" genus="Hale" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" rank="genus">Hale</taxonomicName>
|
||
1974
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFB62F44FB20F9E6FB5EF998" author="Butcher, B. A. & Smith, M. A. & Sharkey, M. J. & Quicke, D. L. J." box="[1202,1217,1634,1660]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="1 - 232" refId="ref116903" refString="Butcher, B. A., Smith, M. A., Sharkey, M. J. & Quicke, D. L. J. (2012) A turbo-taxonomic study of Thai Aleiodes (Aleiodes) and Aleiodes (Arcaleiodes) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Rogadinae) based largely on COI barcoded specimens, with rapid descriptions of 179 new species. Zootaxa 3457: 1 - 232." type="journal article" year="2012">b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Kukwa
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB62F44FABAF9E7FAC3F998" box="[1320,1372,1634,1660]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2012,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFB62F44FF1AF902FE06F944" author="Michlig, A. & Ferraro, L. I." box="[136,409,1670,1697]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="323 - 331" refId="ref127598" refString="Michlig, A. & Ferraro, L. I. (2012) Nuevos registros de especies sorediadas de Parmotrema con acido protocetrarico (Ascomycota, Parmeliaceae) en el sur de Sudamerica. Darwiniana 50 (2): 323 - 331." type="journal article" year="2012">Michlig & Ferraro 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFB62F44FE36F902FDF0F944" author="Flakus, A. & Sipman, H. J. M. & Rodriguez Flakus, P. & Schiefelbein, U. & Jablonska, A. & Oset, M. & Kukwa, M." box="[420,623,1670,1697]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="63 - 83" refId="ref121488" refString="Flakus, A., Sipman, H. J. M., Rodriguez Flakus, P., Schiefelbein, U., Jablonska, A., Oset, M. & Kukwa, M. (2014) Contribution to the knowledge of the lichen biota of Bolivia. 6. Polish Botanical Journal 59 (1): 63 - 83." type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Flakus
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB62F44FE64F903FDB8F944" box="[502,551,1670,1696]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) to belong to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFB62F44FC98F903FB8FF944" authority="(Hale) Hale." authorityName="Hale." baseAuthorityName="Hale" box="[778,1040,1670,1696]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="affluens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB62F44FC98F903FCE1F944" box="[778,894,1670,1696]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">P. affluens</emphasis>
|
||
(Hale) Hale.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFB62F44FF2FF92EFD84F8B0" blockId="46.[136,1452,158,2093]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
||
According to the protologue (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFB62F44FD9FF92EFD05F920" author="Vainio, E. A." box="[525,666,1706,1732]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="1 - 247" refId="ref131560" refString="Vainio, E. A. (1890) Etude sur la classification et la morphologie des lichens du Bresil. Pars prima. Acta Societatis pro Fauna et Flora Fennica 7: V - XXIX, 1 - 247." type="journal article" year="1890">Vainio 1890</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E889FAFFB62F44FC97F92FFCAAF921" box="[773,821,1707,1733]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">type</typeStatus>
|
||
collection,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFB62F44FC29F92FFBDCF920" box="[955,1091,1706,1732]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="dilatatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB62F44FC29F92FFBDCF920" box="[955,1091,1706,1732]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">P. dilatatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is eciliate. This is also the case for the Mauritian sample, whereas that from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFB62F44FD12F94AFD40F90C" box="[640,735,1742,1768]" name="Réunion" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Réunion</collectingCountry>
|
||
has a few short and sparse cilia. Some authors report American specimens densely ciliated at the margin of the lobes (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFB62F44FD76F976FCEDF8E9" author="Donha, C. G." box="[740,882,1778,1805]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" refId="ref120106" refString="Donha, C. G. (2005) Os generos Canomaculina, Parmotrema e Rimelia (Ascomycota liquenizados, Parmeliaceae) na area de protecao ambiental de Guaraquecaba-Parana-Brasil. Dissertacao (mestrado) Universidade Federal do Parana, Setor de Ciencias Biologicas, Curitiba, 118 pp." type="book" year="2005">Donha 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFB62F44FCEFF977FBA7F8E8" author="Egan, R. S. & Perez-Perez, R. E. & Nash III, T. H." box="[893,1080,1778,1805]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="323 - 425" refId="ref120237" refString="Egan, R. S., Perez-Perez, R. E. & Nash III, T. H. (2016) Parmotrema in Mexico. Bibliotheca Lichenologica 110: 323 - 425." type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||
Egan
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB62F44FC2CF977FC70F8E8" box="[958,1007,1778,1804]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), which led them to consider that the development of cilia was variable in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFB62F44FDDDF893FD49F8D4" box="[591,726,1814,1840]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="dilatatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB62F44FDDDF893FD49F8D4" box="[591,726,1814,1840]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">P. dilatatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. An alternative hypothesis is that their material is heterogeneous and includes more than one species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFB62F45FF2FF8DAFDD4FEC0" blockId="46.[136,1452,158,2093]" lastBlockId="47.[136,1452,158,473]" lastPageId="47" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
||
ITS sequences of
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D55FCD1FFB62F44FE1AF8DBFDAFF89C" box="[392,560,1886,1913]" count="2" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFB62F44FD58F8DBFCCDF89C" box="[714,850,1886,1912]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="dilatatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB62F44FD58F8DBFCCDF89C" box="[714,850,1886,1912]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">P. dilatatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are available on GenBank. They were generated and studied by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFB62F44FE97F806FE77F878" author="Stelate, A. & Del-Prado, R. & Alors, D. & Tahiri, H. & Divakar, P. K. & Crespo, A." box="[261,488,1922,1949]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="183 - 194" refId="ref130810" refString="Stelate, A., Del-Prado, R., Alors, D., Tahiri, H., Divakar, P. K. & Crespo, A. (2022) Resolving the phylogenetic relationship between Parmotrema crinitum and Parmotrema perlatum populations. The Lichenologist 54: 183 - 194. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0024282922000147" type="journal article" year="2022">
|
||
Stelate
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB62F44FECBF807FE14F878" box="[345,395,1922,1948]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2022)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. In their phylogenetic tree, both are associated with a Portuguese sequence identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFB62F44FF3BF823FEAFF824" box="[169,304,1958,1984]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="robustum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB62F44FF3BF823FEAFF824" box="[169,304,1958,1984]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">P. robustum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in a well-supported clade. Similarly, these
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D55FCD1FFB62F44FCBAF823FCEEF824" box="[808,881,1959,1985]" count="2" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="generic">
|
||
two
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFB62F44FCC9F823FCEEF824" box="[859,881,1959,1984]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="dilatatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB62F44FCC9F823FCEEF824" box="[859,881,1959,1984]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">P.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
dilatatum were recovered within the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFB62F44FAB6F823FA33F824" box="[1316,1452,1958,1984]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="robustum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB62F44FAB6F823FA33F824" box="[1316,1452,1958,1984]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">P. robustum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade in our phylogenetic tree based on ITS sequences (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFB62F44FD6DF84EFCD9F800" box="[767,838,1994,2020]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="17.[136,229,1553,1575]" captionTargetBox="[154,1434,216,1510]" captionTargetId="graphics-18@17.[149,1438,191,1527]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 4. Global tree (best scoring maximum likelihood tree) of Parmotrema based on the fungal ITS barcoding marker. Figure can be enlarged for a better reading of labels. Accessions in black are those retrieved from GenBank on June 2023. Those in red are those produced by the authors for this study. Bootstrap support is indicated on branch when ≥ 70%." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217482" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217482/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
). We were able to examine these two collections from La Gomera (Canary Islands) preserved in MAF (see Selected specimens studied for comparison in the section on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFB62F44FA05F86BFF6EF7C8" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="robustum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB62F44FA05F86BFF6EF7C8" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">P. robustum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Because of the lack of echinocarpic acid in their medullae, we believe that these
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D55FCD1FFB62F44FB0FF797FADCF7C8" box="[1181,1347,2066,2093]" count="2" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
fit better with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFB72F45FF53FF1BFED9FF5C" box="[193,326,158,184]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="robustum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB72F45FF53FF1BFED9FF5C" box="[193,326,158,184]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">P. robustum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
than with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFB72F45FE2CFF1BFDDBFF5C" box="[446,580,158,184]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="dilatatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB72F45FE2CFF1BFDDBFF5C" box="[446,580,158,184]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">P. dilatatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Despite three attempts, we were unable to study the DNA of the Reunionese material, but we had more success with the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFB72F45FDE0FF47FD67FF38" box="[626,760,194,220]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="dilatatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB72F45FDE0FF47FD67FF38" box="[626,760,194,220]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">P. dilatatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimen collected on
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFB72F45FB92FF46FBEEFF38" box="[1024,1137,194,220]" name="Mauritius" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Mauritius</collectingCountry>
|
||
. In our 3-locus tree (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFB72F45FACBFF46FA03FF38" box="[1369,1436,194,220]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="16.[136,229,1876,1898]" captionTargetBox="[210,1381,204,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-20@16.[197,1389,191,1850]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 3. Phylogeny of the Parmotrema species studied. Best ML tree resulted from a RaxML analysis of three loci (EF1-α, ITS, mtSSU) and 102 specimens. Punctelia toxodes was selected as the outgroup. Bootstrap values are represented above the branches, and thick branches have bootstrap support value ≥ 70. Results of the species delimitation analyses are summarized to the right of the terminal labels of the tree. The first column corresponds to the results of the Stacey analysis, while the second column corresponds to the results of the bPP analysis. Specimens attributed the same colour were reconstructed as part of the same putative species by the species delimitation analysis. Major medullary extrolites are also shown for each specimen." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217480" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217480/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
), this specimen was part of a strongly supported clade comprising
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFB72F45FCF0FF63FC79FEE4" box="[866,998,230,256]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="robustum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB72F45FCF0FF63FC79FEE4" box="[866,998,230,256]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">P. robustum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The two species are strongly supported as different by bPP and Stacey analyses.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFB72F45FF2FFEAAFD13FE74" blockId="47.[136,1452,158,473]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB72F45FF2FFEAAFE25FEAC" bold="true" box="[189,442,302,328]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Specimens examined</emphasis>
|
||
:—
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFB72F45FE49FEAAFDCFFEAC" box="[475,592,302,328]" name="France" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">FRANCE</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4997F9BAFFB72F45FDCDFEAAFD5DFEAC" box="[607,706,302,328]" country="France" name="Reunion" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Réunion</collectingRegion>
|
||
: Saint-Benoît, Saint-François les Hauts, Sainte-Marguerite trail, elev.
|
||
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFB72F45FF55FED6FE8AFE89" box="[199,277,338,365]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.25" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" unit="m" value="725.0">725 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE67519FFFB72F45FEB7FED6FE35FE88" box="[293,426,338,364]" degrees="21" direction="south" minutes="07" orientation="latitude" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" precision="15" seconds="11" value="-21.119722">21°07’11”S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE67519FFFB72F45FE29FED6FDDCFE89" box="[443,579,338,365]" degrees="55" direction="east" minutes="40" orientation="longitude" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" precision="15" seconds="39" value="55.6775">55°40’39”E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFB72F45FDC1FED6FD5CFE88" box="[595,707,338,364]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB72F45FDC1FED6FD5CFE88" box="[595,707,338,364]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Pandanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
submontane wet thicket, on branch of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFB72F45FB07FED6FAE2FE88" box="[1173,1405,338,364]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="montanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB72F45FB07FED6FAE2FE88" box="[1173,1405,338,364]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Pandanus montanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFED1198FFB72F45FA1DFED6FE84FE74" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" value="2012-08-28">28 August 2012</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB72F45FEB4FEF3FD92FE74" box="[294,525,374,400]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">D. Masson 974.4112</emphasis>
|
||
(Hb. DM).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFB72F45FF2FFE1EFBBFFE3C" blockId="47.[136,1452,158,473]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B3B3D05FFB72F45FF2FFE1EFB83FE3C" collectingDate="2016-07-30" collectorName="P. Diederich & Hb. P. Diederich" country="Mauritius" county="Curepipe Botanic Gardens" elevation="565" latitude="-20.324446" location="Plaine Wilhems District" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="57.51361" municipality="Curepipe" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFB72F45FF2FFE1EFEC3FE50" box="[189,348,410,436]" name="Mauritius" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">MAURITIUS</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<location id="8E8C6183FFB72F45FEE2FE1EFD0EFE50" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FA864EFFB52F45FF1AFF1AFBBFFE3C:8E8C6183FFB72F45FEE2FE1EFD0EFE50" box="[368,657,410,436]" country="Mauritius" county="Curepipe Botanic Gardens" latitude="-20.324446" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="57.51361" municipality="Curepipe" name="Plaine Wilhems District" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Plaine Wilhems District</location>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6B88AD22FFB72F45FD37FE1EFC90FE50" box="[677,783,410,436]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Curepipe</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="628D4FD4FFB72F45FCB1FE1EFBFEFE50" box="[803,1121,410,436]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Curepipe Botanic Gardens</collectingCounty>
|
||
, elev.
|
||
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFB72F45FB2BFE1EFA94FE51" box="[1209,1291,410,437]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.65" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" unit="m" value="565.0">
|
||
<elevation id="007ED06BFFB72F45FB2BFE1EFA94FE51" box="[1209,1291,410,437]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.65" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" unit="m" value="565.0">565 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE67519FFFB72F45FAB2FE1EFA39FE50" box="[1312,1446,410,436]" degrees="20" direction="south" minutes="19" orientation="latitude" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" precision="15" seconds="28" value="-20.324446">20°19’28”S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE67519FFFB72F45FF1AFE3AFE8FFE3D" box="[136,272,446,473]" degrees="57" direction="east" minutes="30" orientation="longitude" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" precision="15" seconds="49" value="57.51361">57°30’49”E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, on bark of tree,
|
||
<date id="FFED1198FFB72F45FE5CFE3AFDFDFE3C" box="[462,610,446,472]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" value="2016-07-30">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFA9E870FFB72F45FE5CFE3AFDFDFE3C" box="[462,610,446,472]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" value="2016-07-30">30 July 2016</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB72F45FDFFFE3BFCDAFE3C" box="[621,837,446,472]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<collectorName id="26A6528EFFB72F45FDFFFE3BFD67FE3C" box="[621,760,446,472]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">P. Diederich</collectorName>
|
||
18308
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectorName id="26A6528EFFB72F45FCC7FE3AFB8BFE3C" box="[853,1044,446,473]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Hb. P. Diederich</collectorName>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |