treatments-xml/data/03/FA/86/03FA864EFFB32F46FF1AFC87FDA4FC10.xml

<document id="FEA9C3BB81B13146DC095F26848D5E53" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.657.1.1" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13217474" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="valdenar" checkinTime="1722603694281" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Masson, Didier, Magain, Nicolas &amp; Sérusiaux, Emmanuël" docDate="2024" docId="03FA864EFFB32F46FF1AFC87FDA4FC10" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.657.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 657 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.657.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:F08184CE06D8A97EA3E6DE35D99648B0.4:Phytotaxa.2014-.monograph" docStyleId="F08184CE06D8A97EA3E6DE35D99648B0" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.monograph" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Parmotrema deflectens Streimann 1986" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="45" masterDocId="FFC3FE36FF982F6AFF92FF84FF9FFFE4" masterDocTitle="Small island but great diversity: thirty six species of Parmotrema (Parmeliaceae, lichenized Ascomycota), including sixteen new species, on Réunion (Mascarenes), with additional data from the Western Indian Ocean" masterLastPageNumber="138" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="44" updateTime="1726075871790" updateUser="valdenar">
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<mods:title id="8973BC1AA16581EA1B8A6FF1051B8490">Small island but great diversity: thirty six species of Parmotrema (Parmeliaceae, lichenized Ascomycota), including sixteen new species, on Réunion (Mascarenes), with additional data from the Western Indian Ocean</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="55B83063C0BCA14F277F674AE9EC19A5">Masson, Didier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="8488168A4E2632A3CDA5B898B96F881F">Vertevoye, 2860 route d’Irieu, F- 40390 Saint-Martin-de-Seignanx, France di. masson @ wanadoo. fr; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 3340 - 5472</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="8FDB309F11CFC9F4D81D563E5A6B74FD">Magain, Nicolas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="2EBCE53944AF05505E4253F8075FFE1F">Evolution and Conservation Biology, InBios research centre, Sart Tilman B 22, Quartier Vallée 1, Chemin de la vallée 4, B- 4000 Liège, Belgium nicolas. magain @ uliege. be; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 5409 - 9518</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="EBD0D8415ED459AB48B90861CFAD6D46">Sérusiaux, Emmanuël</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="946FE6F8DECACC2A4C6C8B507B8EE61F">Vertevoye, 2860 route d’Irieu, F- 40390 Saint-Martin-de-Seignanx, France di. masson @ wanadoo. fr; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 3340 - 5472 &amp; Evolution and Conservation Biology, InBios research centre, Sart Tilman B 22, Quartier Vallée 1, Chemin de la vallée 4, B- 4000 Liège, Belgium e. serusiaux @ uliege. be; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 0456 - 0131 * Corresponding author &amp; Vertevoye, 2860 route d’Irieu, F- 40390 Saint-Martin-de-Seignanx, France di. masson @ wanadoo. fr; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 3340 - 5472</mods:affiliation>
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<subSubSection id="C34964D3FFB32F41FF1AFC87FB81FCF8" box="[136,1054,770,797]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFB32F41FF1AFC87FB81FCF8" blockId="43.[136,1332,770,904]" box="[136,1054,770,797]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<heading id="D0A48034FFB32F41FF1AFC87FB81FCF8" box="[136,1054,770,797]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" reason="5">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB431076FFB32F41FF1AFC87FB81FCF8" box="[136,1054,770,797]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<treatmentCitation id="0AF21149FFB32F41FF1AFC87FC07FCF8" author="Streimann, H." box="[136,920,770,797]" page=")" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" year="1986">
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFB32F41FF1AFC87FC07FCF8" authority="(Kurok.) Streimann (1986: 93) MycoBank" authorityName="Streimann" authorityYear="1986" baseAuthorityName="Kurok." box="[136,920,770,797]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="deflectens">
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<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB32F41FF1AFC87FE86FCF9" bold="true" box="[136,281,771,797]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Parmotrema</emphasis>
cf. 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB32F41FED1FC86FE29FCF9" bold="true" box="[323,438,770,797]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">deflectens</emphasis>
</emphasis>
(Kurok.) 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFB32F41FDB4FC86FC8AFCF8" author="Streimann, H." box="[550,789,770,796]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="1 - 145" refId="ref130993" refString="Streimann, H. (1986) Catalogue of the lichens of Papua New Guinea and Irian Jaya. Bibliotheca Lichenologica 22: 1 - 145." type="journal article" year="1986">Streimann (1986: 93)</bibRefCitation>
MycoBank
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no. 129347
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</heading>
</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFB32F41FF1AFCAEFDE7FCA4" authority="Kurok. (1979: 130) MycoBank" box="[136,632,810,832]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmelia" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="deflectens">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB32F41FF1AFCAEFED8FCDB" box="[136,327,810,831]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Parmelia deflectens</emphasis>
Kurok. (1979: 130) MycoBank
</taxonomicName>
no. 115854
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C34964D3FFB32F41FF1AFCCAFC57FA40" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFB32F41FF1AFCCAFAABFC80" blockId="43.[136,1332,770,904]" box="[136,1332,846,868]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB32F41FF1AFCCAFF25FC87" bold="true" box="[136,186,846,867]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Type</emphasis>
:— 
<materialsCitation id="3B3B3D05FFB32F41FF47FCCAFAAFFC80" box="[213,1328,846,868]" collectingDate="1965-11-12" collectionCode="TNS" collectorName="S. Kurokawa" country="Papua New Guinea" elevation="780" location="Bulolo" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Morobe" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFB32F41FF47FCCAFE5AFC87" box="[213,453,846,867]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">PAPUA NEW GUINEA</collectingCountry>
. 
<collectingRegion id="4997F9BAFFB32F41FE5CFCCAFDF3FC80" box="[462,620,846,868]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="Morobe" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Morobe District</collectingRegion>
: 
<location id="8E8C6183FFB32F41FDE7FCCAFD26FC80" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FA864EFFB32F46FF1AFC87FDA4FC10:8E8C6183FFB32F41FDE7FCCAFD26FC80" box="[629,697,846,868]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="Bulolo" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" stateProvince="Morobe">Bulolo</location>
, 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFB32F41FD50FCCAFC9EFC87" box="[706,769,846,867]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.8" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" unit="m" value="780.0">
<elevation id="007ED06BFFB32F41FD50FCCAFC9EFC87" box="[706,769,846,867]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.8" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" unit="m" value="780.0">780 m</elevation>
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, 
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<collectingDate id="EFA9E870FFB32F41FC99FCCAFC59FC80" box="[779,966,846,868]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" value="1965-11-12">12 November 1965</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
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<collectorName id="26A6528EFFB32F41FC42FCCAFBD4FC87" box="[976,1099,846,867]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">S. Kurokawa</collectorName>
5810
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED42AF9DFFB32F41FB1DFCCAFB5BFC87" box="[1167,1220,846,867]" country="Japan" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15622" name="National Museum of Nature and Science" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="Herbarium">TNS</collectionCode>
!, 
<typeStatus id="54E889FAFFB32F41FB43FCCAFAB6FC80" box="[1233,1321,846,868]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFB32F41FF1AFCEAFF75FC6C" blockId="43.[136,1332,770,904]" box="[136,234,878,904]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
(
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFB32F41FF02FCEAFF7DFC6C" box="[144,226,878,904]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="44.[136,229,1942,1964]" captionTargetBox="[163,1434,1080,1914]" captionTargetId="figure-418@44.[150,1435,1076,1918]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIGURE 18. Parmotrema cf. deflectens. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection site (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 17–18); C: Ciliate sorediate lobes with marginal, linear interrupted to somewhat labriform soralia (Krog RE34/2 &amp; Timdal); D: small marginal soralia tinged orange by skyrin, and fragile cortex cracking (Krog RE34/2 &amp; Timdal). Scale bars:A = 10 km; C = 5 mm; D = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217510" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217510/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFB32F41FF1AFC32FD75FAF1" blockId="43.[136,1452,950,2093]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB32F41FF1AFC32FF43FC34" box="[136,220,950,976]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Thallus</emphasis>
foliose, moderately adnate, membranaceous, ca. 6 × 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFB32F41FCBDFC32FCE4FC35" box="[815,891,950,977]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" unit="cm" value="3.5">3.5 cm</quantity>
(thallus fragmented). 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB32F41FBE6FC32FB28FC34" box="[1140,1207,950,976]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Lobes</emphasis>
imbricate, irregularly branched, up to 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFB32F41FEAFFC5EFE13FC11" box="[317,396,986,1013]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
wide; margins entire to crenate, conspicuously ciliate (
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFB32F41FC64FC5EFBC2FC10" box="[1014,1117,986,1012]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="44.[136,229,1942,1964]" captionTargetBox="[163,1434,1080,1914]" captionTargetId="figure-418@44.[150,1435,1076,1918]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIGURE 18. Parmotrema cf. deflectens. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection site (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 17–18); C: Ciliate sorediate lobes with marginal, linear interrupted to somewhat labriform soralia (Krog RE34/2 &amp; Timdal); D: small marginal soralia tinged orange by skyrin, and fragile cortex cracking (Krog RE34/2 &amp; Timdal). Scale bars:A = 10 km; C = 5 mm; D = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217510" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217510/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Fig. 18C</figureCitation>
); apices rounded. 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB32F41FABBFC5EFAFEFC10" box="[1321,1377,986,1012]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Cilia</emphasis>
black, some with coppery glint, numerous, simple or rarely once bifurcate, up to 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFB32F41FC41FC7AFB8AFBFD" box="[979,1045,1022,1049]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
long. 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB32F41FBCCFC7BFB60FBFC" box="[1118,1279,1022,1048]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Upper surface</emphasis>
pale yellowish grey, emaculate or faintly punctiform white-maculate, smooth or ± rugose and cracked in places, sorediate, lacking pustules, dactyls, phyllidia and isidia; cortex fragile, flaking (schizidia?). 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB32F41FC7CFBC2FBDFFB84" box="[1006,1088,1094,1120]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Soralia</emphasis>
marginal, linear interrupted to somewhat labriform (
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFB32F41FEEDFBEEFE77FB60" box="[383,488,1130,1156]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="44.[136,229,1942,1964]" captionTargetBox="[163,1434,1080,1914]" captionTargetId="figure-418@44.[150,1435,1076,1918]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIGURE 18. Parmotrema cf. deflectens. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection site (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 17–18); C: Ciliate sorediate lobes with marginal, linear interrupted to somewhat labriform soralia (Krog RE34/2 &amp; Timdal); D: small marginal soralia tinged orange by skyrin, and fragile cortex cracking (Krog RE34/2 &amp; Timdal). Scale bars:A = 10 km; C = 5 mm; D = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217510" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217510/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Fig. 18C</figureCitation>
), rarely submarginal and ± capitiform. 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB32F41FC3CFBEEFB9BFB60" box="[942,1028,1130,1156]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Soredia</emphasis>
subgranulose, (35)– 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB32F41FB7DFBEEFABFFB60" box="[1263,1312,1130,1156]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">45.5</emphasis>
–(60) µm in diameter (n = 30, SD = 7.2 µm), sometimes tinged with orange (
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFB32F41FCF0FB0AFC54FB4C" box="[866,971,1166,1192]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="44.[136,229,1942,1964]" captionTargetBox="[163,1434,1080,1914]" captionTargetId="figure-418@44.[150,1435,1076,1918]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIGURE 18. Parmotrema cf. deflectens. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection site (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 17–18); C: Ciliate sorediate lobes with marginal, linear interrupted to somewhat labriform soralia (Krog RE34/2 &amp; Timdal); D: small marginal soralia tinged orange by skyrin, and fragile cortex cracking (Krog RE34/2 &amp; Timdal). Scale bars:A = 10 km; C = 5 mm; D = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217510" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217510/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Fig. 18D</figureCitation>
). 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB32F41FC72FB0AFBA2FB4C" box="[992,1085,1166,1192]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Medulla</emphasis>
white, at times orange-tinged in soralia. 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB32F41FF70FB37FE1BFB28" box="[226,388,1202,1228]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Lower surface</emphasis>
black, rugulose, ± shiny centrally, erhizinate margin duller, chestnut brown, pale tan to ivory, ca. 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFB32F41FF22FB52FEBCFB15" box="[176,291,1238,1265]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.25" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" unit="mm" value="3.25" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="0.5">0.5–6 mm</quantity>
wide. 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB32F41FEE2FB52FE50FB14" box="[368,463,1238,1264]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Rhizines</emphasis>
concolor to the lower surface, in scattered groups, simple, rarely furcate, short, up to 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFB32F41FA0FFB52FF2BFAF1" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
long. 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB32F41FF68FB7EFEF3FAF0" box="[250,364,1274,1300]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Apothecia</emphasis>
not present. 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB32F41FE6FFB7EFDFEFAF0" box="[509,609,1274,1300]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Pycnidia</emphasis>
not present.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFB32F41FF2FFA9AFC57FA40" blockId="43.[136,1452,950,2093]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB32F41FF2FFA9AFEA4FADC" bold="true" box="[189,315,1310,1336]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Chemistry</emphasis>
:— 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB32F41FECDFA9BFD13FADC" box="[351,652,1310,1337]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Spot tests and fluorescence</emphasis>
: upper cortex K+ yellow, UV−; medulla K−, 
<collectionCode id="ED42AF9DFFB32F41FB15FA9AFB33FADC" box="[1159,1196,1310,1336]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">C−</collectionCode>
, 
<collectionCode id="ED42AF9DFFB32F41FB24FA9AFB41FADC" box="[1206,1246,1310,1336]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">KC</collectionCode>
+ pink, P+ orange, UV+ white; pigmented medulla and soredia K+ purple. 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB32F41FC9DFAC6FB8FFAB8" box="[783,1040,1346,1372]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Secondary metabolites</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED42AF9DFFB32F41FBB0FAC6FBC2FAB8" box="[1058,1117,1346,1372]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">TLC</collectionCode>
): upper cortex with atranorin and chloroatranorin; medulla with protocetraric acid (major), alectoronic acid (major), ± skyrin in soralia; it was not possible to extract the pigment(s) that give the coppery glint to some cilia.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34964D3FFB32F41FF2FFA2AFE69F998" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFB32F41FF2FFA2AFE69F998" blockId="43.[136,1452,950,2093]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB32F41FF2FFA2AFE6AFA2C" bold="true" box="[189,501,1454,1480]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Geographical distribution</emphasis>
:—According to 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFB32F41FD21FA2AFCE8FA2C" author="Louwhoff, S. H. J. J." box="[691,887,1454,1480]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="223 - 246" refId="ref125687" refString="Louwhoff, S. H. J. J. (2001) Biogeography of Hypotrachyna, Parmotrema and allied genera (Parmeliaceae) in the Pacific islands. Bibliotheca Lichenologica 78: 223 - 246." type="journal article" year="2001">Louwhoff (2001)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFB32F41FC11FA2BFB18FA2C" box="[899,1159,1454,1480]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="deflectens">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB32F41FC11FA2BFB18FA2C" box="[899,1159,1454,1480]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Parmotrema deflectens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a broadly paleotropical species. It is known from East Africa (at least in 
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFB32F41FD40FA56FCA5FA08" box="[722,826,1490,1516]" name="Tanzania" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFB32F41FCDBFA57FBF8FA08" author="Krog, H. &amp; Swinscow, T. D. V." box="[841,1127,1490,1517]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="143 - 231" refId="ref124129" refString="Krog, H. &amp; Swinscow, T. D. V. (1981) Parmelia subgenus Amphigymnia (lichens) in East Africa. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Botany series 9: 143 - 231." type="book chapter" year="1981">Krog &amp; Swinscow 1981</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFB32F41FBE5FA56FB2CFA08" author="Krog, H. &amp; Swinscow, T. D. V." box="[1143,1203,1490,1516]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" refId="ref124173" refString="Krog, H. &amp; Swinscow, T. D. V. (1982) A first report of parietin in the genus Parmelia s. lat. The Lichenologist 14: 98." type="journal volume" year="1982">1982</bibRefCitation>
), 
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFB32F41FB59FA57FA34FA08" box="[1227,1451,1490,1517]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFB32F41FF1DFA72FED5F9F4" author="Kurokawa, S." box="[143,330,1526,1552]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="125 - 150" refId="ref124392" refString="Kurokawa, S. (1979) Enumeration of species of Parmelia in Papua New Guinea. In: Kurokawa, S. (Ed.) Studies on Cryptogams of Papua New Guinea. Academia Scientific Book Inc., Tokyo, pp. 125 - 150." type="book chapter" year="1979">Kurokawa 1979</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFB32F41FECAFA72FDFEF9F4" author="Louwhoff, S. H. J. J. &amp; Elix, J. A." box="[344,609,1526,1552]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="1 - 152" refId="ref125819" refString="Louwhoff, S. H. J. J. &amp; Elix, J. A. (1999) Parmotrema and allied lichen genera in Papua New Guinea. Bibliotheca Lichenologica 73: 1 - 152." type="journal article" year="1999">Louwhoff &amp; Elix 1999</bibRefCitation>
) and southern 
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFB32F41FC9CFA72FCCEF9F4" box="[782,849,1526,1552]" name="China" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">China</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFB32F41FCF0FA72FBB6F9F5" author="Chen, J. B. &amp; Wang, S. L. &amp; Elix, J. A." box="[866,1065,1526,1553]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="93 - 113" refId="ref117211" refString="Chen, J. B., Wang, S. L. &amp; Elix, J. A. (2005) Parmeliaceae (Ascomycota) lichens in China's mainland. III. The genus Parmotrema. Mycotaxon 91: 93 - 113." type="journal article" year="2005">
Chen 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB32F41FC3AFA73FC43F9F4" box="[936,988,1526,1552]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">et al</emphasis>
. 2005
</bibRefCitation>
). A unique specimen collected by Krog &amp; Timdal at 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFB32F41FECEF99EFE2EF9D1" box="[348,433,1562,1589]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" unit="m" value="1150.0">1150 m</quantity>
a.s.l. near Cilaos, on 
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFB32F41FD3AF99EFCCCF9D0" box="[680,851,1562,1588]" name="Reunion Island" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Réunion Island</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFB32F41FCF6F99EFC52F9D0" box="[868,973,1562,1588]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="44.[136,229,1942,1964]" captionTargetBox="[163,1434,1080,1914]" captionTargetId="figure-418@44.[150,1435,1076,1918]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIGURE 18. Parmotrema cf. deflectens. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection site (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 17–18); C: Ciliate sorediate lobes with marginal, linear interrupted to somewhat labriform soralia (Krog RE34/2 &amp; Timdal); D: small marginal soralia tinged orange by skyrin, and fragile cortex cracking (Krog RE34/2 &amp; Timdal). Scale bars:A = 10 km; C = 5 mm; D = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217510" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217510/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Fig. 18A</figureCitation>
), probably belongs to this species, as well as a specimen collected by des Abbayes in 
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFB32F41FDE4F9BAFD62F9BC" box="[630,765,1598,1624]" name="Madagascar" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
(at 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFB32F41FCBEF9BAFCEBF9BD" box="[812,884,1598,1625]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.2" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" unit="m" value="920.0">920 m</quantity>
a.s.l.) and cited by him under the name 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFB32F41FAD1F9BAFE6DF998" authority="(des Abbayes 1961)" baseAuthorityName="des Abbayes" baseAuthorityYear="1961" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmelia" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="subarnoldii">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB32F41FAD1F9BAFE96F998" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Parmelia subarnoldii</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFB32F41FE8AF9E6FE76F998" author="des Abbayes, H." box="[280,489,1634,1660]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="81 - 121" refId="ref118844" refString="des Abbayes, H. (1961) Lichens recoltes a Madagascar et a la Reunion (mission H. des Abbayes, 1956). I. Introduction, II. Parmeliacees. Memoires de l'Institut scientifique de Madagascar, Serie B 10 (2): 81 - 121." type="journal article" year="1961">des Abbayes 1961</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34964D3FFB32F46FF2FF902FB2BFD54" lastPageId="44" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFB32F41FF2FF902FAB1F8D5" blockId="43.[136,1452,950,2093]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB32F41FF2FF902FE83F944" bold="true" box="[189,284,1670,1696]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Ecology</emphasis>
:—According to the specimen examined, the fragmentary thallus collected on 
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFB32F41FB1CF902FB72F944" box="[1166,1261,1670,1696]" name="Réunion" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Réunion</collectingCountry>
was corticolous. Unfortunately, the label does not provide any information on the phorophyte or the 
<typeStatus id="54E889FAFFB32F41FB85F92FFBD8F921" box="[1047,1095,1707,1733]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">type</typeStatus>
of habitat. The bioclimate of the town of Cilaos, nearby the collection site on 
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFB32F41FDEFF94AFD40F90C" box="[637,735,1742,1768]" name="Réunion" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Réunion</collectingCountry>
, is pluviseasonal tropical, thermotype belt = lower mesotropical (It = 427), ombrotype belt = upper humid (Io = 9.3) (
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFB32F41FD63F976FCC6F8E8" box="[753,857,1778,1804]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="44.[136,229,1942,1964]" captionTargetBox="[163,1434,1080,1914]" captionTargetId="figure-418@44.[150,1435,1076,1918]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIGURE 18. Parmotrema cf. deflectens. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection site (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 17–18); C: Ciliate sorediate lobes with marginal, linear interrupted to somewhat labriform soralia (Krog RE34/2 &amp; Timdal); D: small marginal soralia tinged orange by skyrin, and fragile cortex cracking (Krog RE34/2 &amp; Timdal). Scale bars:A = 10 km; C = 5 mm; D = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217510" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217510/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Fig. 18B</figureCitation>
). The bioclimate of the Malagasy locality is pluvial tropical, with thermotype belt = upper thermotropical (It = 498), ombrotype belt = lower humid (Io = 7.5).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFB32F41FF2FF8BFFC1AF89C" blockId="43.[136,1452,950,2093]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
In 
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFB32F41FF48F8BFFE2CF8B0" box="[218,435,1850,1877]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFB32F41FE2EF8BFFD21F8B0" box="[444,702,1850,1876]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="deflectens">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB32F41FE2EF8BFFD21F8B0" box="[444,702,1850,1876]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Parmotrema deflectens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a rare corticolous species, occurring in a wide range of elevations between 780 and 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFB32F41FEDFF8DAFE3DF89D" box="[333,418,1886,1913]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" unit="m" value="2600.0">2600 m</quantity>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFB32F41FE22F8DAFDF6F89C" author="Kurokawa, S." box="[432,617,1886,1912]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="125 - 150" refId="ref124392" refString="Kurokawa, S. (1979) Enumeration of species of Parmelia in Papua New Guinea. In: Kurokawa, S. (Ed.) Studies on Cryptogams of Papua New Guinea. Academia Scientific Book Inc., Tokyo, pp. 125 - 150." type="book chapter" year="1979">Kurokawa 1979</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFB32F41FDE6F8DAFCE7F89C" author="Louwhoff, S. H. J. J. &amp; Elix, J. A." box="[628,888,1886,1912]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="1 - 152" refId="ref125819" refString="Louwhoff, S. H. J. J. &amp; Elix, J. A. (1999) Parmotrema and allied lichen genera in Papua New Guinea. Bibliotheca Lichenologica 73: 1 - 152." type="journal article" year="1999">Louwhoff &amp; Elix 1999</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFB32F46FF55F806FB2BFD54" blockId="43.[136,1452,950,2093]" lastBlockId="44.[136,1452,158,1013]" lastPageId="44" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB32F41FF55F806FE95F878" bold="true" box="[199,266,1922,1948]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Notes</emphasis>
:—The Malagasy specimen is similar to the one from 
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFB32F41FCEBF806FC43F878" box="[889,988,1922,1948]" name="Réunion" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Réunion</collectingCountry>
. In particular, it has the same chemistry, a fragile upper cortex, and soredia sometimes tinged with orange. The marginal cilia are, however, more unevenly distributed, the soralia tend to develop at the tips of short laciniae and are more capitate, and the underside is somewhat brighter. We assigned both collections to 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFB32F41FDF1F86BFCF6F7EC" box="[611,873,2030,2056]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="deflectens">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB32F41FDF1F86BFCF6F7EC" box="[611,873,2030,2056]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Parmotrema deflectens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, this taxon being the only one currently described possessing both soralia and the combination of alectoronic and protocetraric acids as major extrolites. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFB32F46FB72F797FF53FF5C" author="Krog, H. &amp; Swinscow, T. D. V." lastPageId="44" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="143 - 231" refId="ref124129" refString="Krog, H. &amp; Swinscow, T. D. V. (1981) Parmelia subgenus Amphigymnia (lichens) in East Africa. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Botany series 9: 143 - 231." type="book chapter" year="1981">Krog &amp; Swinscow (1981</bibRefCitation>
, 1988) considered it to be a chemotype of 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFB42F46FD0CFF1BFCA6FF5C" baseAuthorityName="des Abbayes" baseAuthorityYear="1961" box="[670,825,158,184]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmelia" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="subarnoldii">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB42F46FD0CFF1BFCA6FF5C" box="[670,825,158,184]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">P. subarnoldii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In contrast, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFB42F46FC5BFF1AFB0FFF5C" author="Kurokawa, S." box="[969,1168,158,184]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="125 - 150" refId="ref124392" refString="Kurokawa, S. (1979) Enumeration of species of Parmelia in Papua New Guinea. In: Kurokawa, S. (Ed.) Studies on Cryptogams of Papua New Guinea. Academia Scientific Book Inc., Tokyo, pp. 125 - 150." type="book chapter" year="1979">Kurokawa (1979)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFB42F46FB09FF1AFA34FF5C" author="Louwhoff, S. H. J. J. &amp; Elix, J. A." box="[1179,1451,158,184]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="1 - 152" refId="ref125819" refString="Louwhoff, S. H. J. J. &amp; Elix, J. A. (1999) Parmotrema and allied lichen genera in Papua New Guinea. Bibliotheca Lichenologica 73: 1 - 152." type="journal article" year="1999">Louwhoff &amp; Elix (1999)</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFB42F46FF28FF46FE12FF39" author="Chen, J. B. &amp; Wang, S. L. &amp; Elix, J. A." box="[186,397,194,221]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="93 - 113" refId="ref117211" refString="Chen, J. B., Wang, S. L. &amp; Elix, J. A. (2005) Parmeliaceae (Ascomycota) lichens in China's mainland. III. The genus Parmotrema. Mycotaxon 91: 93 - 113." type="journal article" year="2005">
Chen 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB42F46FF6CFF47FEADFF38" box="[254,306,194,220]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">et al</emphasis>
. (2005)
</bibRefCitation>
treated it as a distinct species. However, the 
<specimenCount id="9D55FCD1FFB42F46FC0BFF47FBDEFF38" box="[921,1089,194,221]" count="2" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
from 
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFB42F46FB18FF46FB76FF38" box="[1162,1257,194,220]" name="Réunion" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Réunion</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFB42F46FAB6FF46FA34FF38" box="[1316,1451,194,220]" name="Madagascar" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
differ from the two Papuan specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFB42F46FDE0FF63FC9AFEE4" box="[626,773,230,257]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="deflectens">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB42F46FDE0FF63FD1CFEE4" box="[626,643,231,256]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">P</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB42F46FD07FF62FC9AFEE4" box="[661,773,230,256]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">deflectens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
we examined (including the 
<typeStatus id="54E889FAFFB42F46FBCCFF62FB5DFEE4" box="[1118,1218,230,256]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
) in having a fragile upper cortex that flakes off and in the presence of skyrin in some soralia. Skyrin is neither cited in the protologue (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFB42F46FF1DFEAAFED8FEAC" author="Kurokawa, S." box="[143,327,302,328]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="125 - 150" refId="ref124392" refString="Kurokawa, S. (1979) Enumeration of species of Parmelia in Papua New Guinea. In: Kurokawa, S. (Ed.) Studies on Cryptogams of Papua New Guinea. Academia Scientific Book Inc., Tokyo, pp. 125 - 150." type="book chapter" year="1979">Kurokawa 1979</bibRefCitation>
) nor present in the 
<typeStatus id="54E889FAFFB42F46FDBAFEAAFD11FEAC" box="[552,654,302,328]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
. In their monograph on the genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFB42F46FB84FEABFB3CFEAC" box="[1046,1187,303,328]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB42F46FB84FEABFB3CFEAC" box="[1046,1187,303,328]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Parmotrema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in 
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFB42F46FB5BFEABFA38FEAC" box="[1225,1447,302,329]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFB42F46FF1AFED6FE04FE88" author="Louwhoff, S. H. J. J. &amp; Elix, J. A." box="[136,411,338,364]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="1 - 152" refId="ref125819" refString="Louwhoff, S. H. J. J. &amp; Elix, J. A. (1999) Parmotrema and allied lichen genera in Papua New Guinea. Bibliotheca Lichenologica 73: 1 - 152." type="journal article" year="1999">Louwhoff &amp; Elix (1999)</bibRefCitation>
provide contradictory information on the presence of skyrin in 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFB42F46FBF1FED7FB70FE88" box="[1123,1263,338,364]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="deflectens">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB42F46FBF1FED7FB70FE88" box="[1123,1263,338,364]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">P. deflectens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. It is either cited as an accessory substance (p. 46) or reported as being constantly lacking (p. 24 and p. 48). 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFB42F46FB1AFEF3FA34FE74" author="Krog, H. &amp; Swinscow, T. D. V." box="[1160,1451,374,401]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" refId="ref124173" refString="Krog, H. &amp; Swinscow, T. D. V. (1982) A first report of parietin in the genus Parmelia s. lat. The Lichenologist 14: 98." type="journal volume" year="1982">Krog &amp; Swinscow (1982)</bibRefCitation>
reported a specimen from 
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFB42F46FE3DFE1EFD8BFE50" box="[431,532,410,436]" name="Tanzania" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
whose soralia were coloured yellow-orange, the pigment involved being parietin, not skyrin. Environmental factors may be responsible for these differences, but we believe that a complex of species sharing the same medullary chemistry (alectoronic and protocetraric acids) and the presence of soralia and marginal cilia should also be considered. In support of this point of view, a specimen from 
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFB42F46FBB1FD82FBE0FDC4" box="[1059,1151,518,544]" name="Burundi" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Burundi</collectingCountry>
in LG is ciliate, sorediate, and with medulla containing alectoronic and protocetraric acids, but has linear marginal soralia of the same type as those of 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFB42F46FF7EFDCBFE39FD8C" authorityName="Hale" authorityYear="1974" baseAuthorityName="Zahlbr." box="[236,422,591,617]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="austrosinense">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB42F46FF7EFDCBFF62FD8C" box="[236,253,591,616]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">P</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB42F46FE9FFDCBFE39FD8C" box="[269,422,591,616]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">austrosinense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and producing farinose soredia. Another example is one of the 
<typeStatus id="54E889FAFFB42F46FB10FDCBFB7BFD8D" box="[1154,1252,591,617]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFB42F46FA9FFDCBFA34FD8C" baseAuthorityName="des Abbayes" baseAuthorityYear="1961" box="[1293,1451,590,616]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmelia" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="subarnoldii">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB42F46FA9FFDCBFA34FD8C" box="[1293,1451,590,616]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">P. subarnoldii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<tableCitation id="C6D102E3FFB42F46FF1DFDF6FF79FD68" box="[143,230,626,652]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="25.[137,229,1384,1408]" captionText="TABLE 4. Heterogeneity of the six syntypes cited in the protologue of Parmelia subarnoldii (des Abbayes 1961)." pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Table 4</tableCitation>
, REN 000 058) with farinose to subgranulose soredia that arise mainly at the tip of short laciniae. Molecular data that could test for the existence of such a group of species are so far unfortunately lacking.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34964D3FFB42F46FF2FFD3EFCB0FD1C" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFB42F46FF2FFD3EFCB0FD1C" blockId="44.[136,1452,158,1013]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB42F46FF2FFD3EFE29FD30" bold="true" box="[189,438,698,724]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Specimens examined</emphasis>
:— 
<materialsCitation id="3B3B3D05FFB42F46FE45FD3EFCB4FD1C" collectingDate="1996-10-02" collectorName="H. Krog &amp; E. Timdal" country="France" elevation="1150" location="Cilaos" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Reunion">
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFB42F46FE45FD3EFDD3FD30" box="[471,588,698,724]" name="France" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">FRANCE</collectingCountry>
. 
<collectingRegion id="4997F9BAFFB42F46FDC5FD3EFD25FD30" box="[599,698,698,724]" country="France" name="Reunion" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Réunion</collectingRegion>
: 
<location id="8E8C6183FFB42F46FD57FD3EFC90FD30" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FA864EFFB32F46FF1AFC87FDA4FC10:8E8C6183FFB42F46FD57FD3EFC90FD30" box="[709,783,698,724]" country="France" name="Cilaos" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" stateProvince="Reunion">Cilaos</location>
, along trail (GR R2) in canyon just 
<locationDeviation id="9A5E2E7AFFB42F46FB30FD3FFAF3FD31" box="[1186,1388,698,725]" location="Cilaos town" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">W of Cilaos town</locationDeviation>
, elev. 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFB42F46FF1AFD5AFF41FD1D" box="[136,222,734,761]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" unit="m" value="1150.0">
<elevation id="007ED06BFFB42F46FF1AFD5AFF41FD1D" box="[136,222,734,761]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" unit="m" value="1150.0">1150 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<date id="FFED1198FFB42F46FF78FD5AFE36FD1C" box="[234,425,734,760]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" value="1996-10-02">
<collectingDate id="EFA9E870FFB42F46FF78FD5AFE36FD1C" box="[234,425,734,760]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" value="1996-10-02">02 October 1996</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB42F46FE26FD5BFD64FD1C" box="[436,763,734,761]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
<collectorName id="26A6528EFFB42F46FE26FD5BFD90FD1C" box="[436,527,735,760]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">H. Krog</collectorName>
RE34/2 &amp; 
<collectorName id="26A6528EFFB42F46FD1CFD5BFD64FD1C" box="[654,763,734,760]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">E. Timdal</collectorName>
</emphasis>
(O)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34964D3FFB42F46FF2FFC86FDA4FC10" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFB42F46FF2FFC86FC09FCA5" blockId="44.[136,1452,158,1013]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
<materialsCitation id="3B3B3D05FFB42F46FF2FFC86FC0DFCA5" collectingDate="1956-08-06" collectionCode="REN" country="Madagascar" county="d'Analamazaotra" elevation="920" latitude="-18.933332" location="Alaotra-Mangoro" longLatPrecision="1273" longitude="48.416668" municipality="Andasibe" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" specimenCode="REN 000055" specimenCount="1">
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFB42F46FF2FFC86FE17FCF8" box="[189,392,770,796]" name="Madagascar" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">MADAGASCAR</collectingCountry>
. 
<location id="8E8C6183FFB42F46FE03FC86FDC6FCF8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FA864EFFB32F46FF1AFC87FDA4FC10:8E8C6183FFB42F46FE03FC86FDC6FCF8" box="[401,601,770,796]" country="Madagascar" county="d'Analamazaotra" latitude="-18.933332" longLatPrecision="1273" longitude="48.416668" municipality="Andasibe" name="Alaotra-Mangoro" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Alaotra-Mangoro</location>
: 
<collectingMunicipality id="6B88AD22FFB42F46FDF0FC86FD50FCF8" box="[610,719,770,796]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Andasibe</collectingMunicipality>
, forêt 
<collectingCounty id="628D4FD4FFB42F46FC87FC86FC46FCF8" box="[789,985,770,796]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">d’Analamazaotra</collectingCounty>
, elev. 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFB42F46FB8DFC86FBF7FCF9" box="[1055,1128,770,797]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.2" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" unit="m" value="920.0">
<elevation id="007ED06BFFB42F46FB8DFC86FBF7FCF9" box="[1055,1128,770,797]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.2" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" unit="m" value="920.0">920 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE67519FFFB42F46FBE1FC86FB4EFCF9" box="[1139,1233,770,797]" degrees="18" direction="south" minutes="56" orientation="latitude" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" precision="925" value="-18.933332">18°56’S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE67519FFFB42F46FB4FFC86FAA1FCF9" box="[1245,1342,770,797]" degrees="48" direction="east" minutes="25" orientation="longitude" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" precision="925" value="48.416668">48°25’E</geoCoordinate>
, sur tronc d’arbre en forêt, 
<date id="FFED1198FFB42F46FED6FCA2FE66FCA5" box="[324,505,806,833]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" value="1956-08-06">
<collectingDate id="EFA9E870FFB42F46FED6FCA2FE66FCA5" box="[324,505,806,833]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" value="1956-08-06">06 August 1956</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB42F46FD96FCA3FD7EFCA4" box="[516,737,806,832]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">H. des Abbayes 250</emphasis>
(
<specimenCode id="DBF59F23FFB42F46FD62FCA2FC15FCA5" box="[752,906,806,833]" collectionCode="REN" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35038" name="Culture Scientifique et Technique (CST) Université de Rennes 1" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="Herbarium">REN 000055</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFB42F46FF2FFCCEFD63FC6C" blockId="44.[136,1452,158,1013]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB42F46FF2FFCCEFDD1FC80" bold="true" box="[189,590,842,868]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Specimen studied for comparison</emphasis>
:— 
<materialsCitation id="3B3B3D05FFB42F46FDE2FCCFFD67FC6C" collectingDate="1980-04-05" collectorName="J. Lambinon" country="Burundi" elevation="1960" location="Gakara" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Bujumbura Rural">
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFB42F46FDE2FCCFFD69FC81" box="[624,758,843,869]" name="Burundi" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">BURUNDI</collectingCountry>
. 
<collectingRegion id="4997F9BAFFB42F46FC93FCCEFC56FC80" box="[769,969,842,868]" country="Burundi" name="Bujumbura Rural" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Bujumbura Rural</collectingRegion>
: 
<location id="8E8C6183FFB42F46FC46FCCEFBB7FC80" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FA864EFFB32F46FF1AFC87FDA4FC10:8E8C6183FFB42F46FC46FCCEFBB7FC80" box="[980,1064,842,868]" country="Burundi" name="Gakara" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" stateProvince="Bujumbura Rural">Gakara</location>
, elev. 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFB42F46FBFDFCCEFB58FC81" box="[1135,1223,842,869]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.96" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" unit="m" value="1960.0">
<elevation id="007ED06BFFB42F46FBFDFCCEFB58FC81" box="[1135,1223,842,869]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.96" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" unit="m" value="1960.0">1960 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, tronc d’eucalyptus, bord de route, 
<date id="FFED1198FFB42F46FEB9FCEAFE55FC6C" box="[299,458,878,905]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" value="1980-04-05">
<collectingDate id="EFA9E870FFB42F46FEB9FCEAFE55FC6C" box="[299,458,878,905]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" value="1980-04-05">05 April 1980</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB42F46FE47FCEBFD29FC6C" box="[469,694,878,904]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
<collectorName id="26A6528EFFB42F46FE47FCEBFDFEFC6C" box="[469,609,878,904]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">J. Lambinon</collectorName>
80/137
</emphasis>
(LG)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFB42F46FF2FFC16FDA4FC10" blockId="44.[136,1452,158,1013]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
<materialsCitation id="3B3B3D05FFB42F46FF2FFC16FDA8FC10" collectingDate="1992-08-03" collectorName="P. Diederich &amp; Hb. P. Diederich" country="Papua New Guinea" elevation="2400" latitude="-6.027778" location="Mount Gahavisuka Provincial Park" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="145.41667" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Eastern Highlands">
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFB42F46FF2FFC16FE4CFC48" box="[189,467,914,941]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">PAPUA NEW GUINEA</collectingCountry>
. 
<collectingRegion id="4997F9BAFFB42F46FE4DFC17FC81FC48" box="[479,798,914,941]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="Eastern Highlands" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Eastern Highlands Province</collectingRegion>
: 
<location id="8E8C6183FFB42F46FCBBFC17FB26FC48" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FA864EFFB32F46FF1AFC87FDA4FC10:8E8C6183FFB42F46FCBBFC17FB26FC48" box="[809,1209,914,941]" country="Papua New Guinea" latitude="-6.027778" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="145.41667" name="Mount Gahavisuka Provincial Park" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" stateProvince="Eastern Highlands">Mount Gahavisuka Provincial Park</location>
, 
<locationDeviation id="9A5E2E7AFFB42F46FB54FC16FA38FC48" box="[1222,1447,914,941]" location="Goroka" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFB42F46FB54FC16FA92FC48" box="[1222,1293,914,940]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" unit="km" value="11.0">11 km</quantity>
N of Goroka
</locationDeviation>
, along trail to lookout, elev. 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFB42F46FE28FC32FD8FFC35" box="[442,528,950,977]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" unit="m" value="2400.0">
<elevation id="007ED06BFFB42F46FE28FC32FD8FFC35" box="[442,528,950,977]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" unit="m" value="2400.0">2400 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE67519FFFB42F46FD89FC32FD0BFC34" box="[539,660,950,976]" degrees="6" direction="south" minutes="01" orientation="latitude" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" precision="15" seconds="40" value="-6.027778">6°01’40”S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE67519FFFB42F46FD0DFC32FCAAFC35" box="[671,821,950,977]" degrees="145" direction="east" minutes="25" orientation="longitude" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" precision="15" seconds="00" value="145.41667">145°25’00”E</geoCoordinate>
, little disturbed mossy mountain forest, 
<date id="FFED1198FFB42F46FB66FC32FA38FC34" box="[1268,1447,950,976]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" value="1992-08-03">
<collectingDate id="EFA9E870FFB42F46FB66FC32FA38FC34" box="[1268,1447,950,976]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" value="1992-08-03">03 August 1992</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFB42F46FF1AFC5FFEFEFC10" box="[136,353,986,1012]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
<collectorName id="26A6528EFFB42F46FF1AFC5FFE8BFC10" box="[136,276,986,1012]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">P. Diederich</collectorName>
10402
</emphasis>
(
<collectorName id="26A6528EFFB42F46FEE2FC5EFDAFFC10" box="[368,560,986,1013]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Hb. P. Diederich</collectorName>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>