283 lines
34 KiB
XML
283 lines
34 KiB
XML
<document id="53199AEABE80846E871425512CECA134" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.187005" ID-GBIF-Dataset="2bd9a5c1-a63f-4a24-81a1-074e056bba1a" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="187005" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461060109273" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Sanamyan, Karen & Gleason, Daniel F." docDate="2009" docId="03DE87C4FF93A013FF0DE703FE3EFD5A" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02066p058.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2066" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Aplidium ruzickai Sanamyan & Gleason, 2009, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="57" masterDocId="FFE7FFBCFF97A014FF9AE00FFFD1FFF2" masterDocTitle="Ascidians of the genus Aplidium collected on shallow hard-bottom reefs of coastal Georgia (Atlantic coast of N America, U. S. A.)" masterLastPageNumber="58" masterPageNumber="50" pageNumber="54" updateTime="1698582020208" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="E172C861BEDE2D349F12B6FF7E17A35F">
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<mods:title id="68444705AF1FC8FF9A2D3245D65EDC11">Ascidians of the genus Aplidium collected on shallow hard-bottom reefs of coastal Georgia (Atlantic coast of N America, U. S. A.)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="BA4E3FA6DE6687320E47AD062BB02A1D" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="285074269F2C1D685EF3AE953390DD14">Sanamyan, Karen</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="C0CEA460BA13542B00544F22743A093A" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="4013EF419C034A3C4D351D352C81F873">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="E3F9856043C03797C88045C1EB9D302B">Gleason, Daniel F.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="530AC92249CF3BE79799B5762B5B167E">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="B012E1208D3E7F2CA36B00EBE4C726B9">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="2DAEEB1AC36486F9FA3A030B4660A584">
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<mods:date id="70A5B33908A3DC32DFB1101377EDB17C">2009</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="622C8D0F7F4F258D141B2261269F2E09" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="3DE1FB9E9752350DD03B2BA92C485560">2066</mods:number>
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<mods:end id="F42A6FB67C9F1453F9644F925DAEC8EA">58</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="38C8F435B7ADD49691B62588F6B1964E">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="848C5DE2EDBA1D3A651C0FCD90626BE9" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.187005</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="8113784FB701FFDCA7D935F80C6E126B" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="C0F08BCA71B9F5C7C8281C8BD53F9C92" type="Zenodo-Dep">187005</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03DE87C4FF93A013FF0DE703FE3EFD5A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6216352" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119613978" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6216352" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DE87C4FF93A013FF0DE703FE3EFD5A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DE87C4FF93A013FF0DE703FE3EFD5A" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="57" pageId="4" pageNumber="54">
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<subSubSection id="C36D6559FF93A010FF0DE703FEE4F8BE" pageId="4" pageNumber="54" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BC836D2FF93A010FF0DE703FE6BF8D7" blockId="4.[151,442,1803,1868]" box="[151,442,1803,1830]" pageId="4" pageNumber="54">
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<heading id="D08081BEFF93A010FF0DE703FE6BF8D7" bold="true" box="[151,442,1803,1830]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="54" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B903EAC0FF93A010FF0DE703FE6BF8D7" bold="true" box="[151,442,1803,1830]" pageId="4" pageNumber="54">
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<taxonomicName id="4C774D51FF93A010FF0DE703FEA1F8D4" box="[151,368,1804,1830]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Aplidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="4" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ruzickai" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B903EAC0FF93A010FF0DE703FEA1F8D4" bold="true" box="[151,368,1804,1830]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="54">Aplidium ruzickai</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23057BBFF93A010FEEDE704FE6BF8D7" box="[375,442,1803,1829]" pageId="4" pageNumber="54" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC836D2FF93A010FF0DE73DFEE4F8BE" blockId="4.[151,442,1803,1868]" box="[151,309,1842,1868]" pageId="4" pageNumber="54">
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(
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<figureCitation id="134C2A57FF93A010FF05E73DFEC1F8BE" box="[159,272,1842,1868]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="5.[151,255,1437,1461]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,661,1412]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,661,1412]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 5. Aplidium ruzickai n. sp. A—specimen KBPIG 4 / 1383 (freshly collected); B—formalin preserved specimen; C—holotype KBPIG 1 / 1380 (underwater)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/187008/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="54">Figures 5</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="134C2A57FF93A010FE87E73DFEFDF8BE" box="[285,300,1842,1868]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="6.[151,255,1447,1471]" captionText="FIGURE 6. Aplidium ruzickai n. sp. A—zooid; B—larva." pageId="4" pageNumber="54">6</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36D6559FF93A010FF0DE770FBF6F815" pageId="4" pageNumber="54" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BC836D2FF93A010FF0DE770FBF6F815" blockId="4.[151,1436,1919,2023]" pageId="4" pageNumber="54">
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<emphasis id="B903EAC0FF93A010FF0DE770FE43F86B" bold="true" box="[151,402,1919,1945]" pageId="4" pageNumber="54">Material examined:</emphasis>
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<typeStatus id="54CC8870FF93A010FE01E78FFDDEF868" box="[411,527,1920,1946]" pageId="4" pageNumber="54" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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: collected in 2004,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE435015FF93A010FD60E78FFC4DF868" box="[762,924,1919,1946]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="54" precision="1" value="31.628134">31°37.688' N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE435015FF93A010FC30E78FFB81F868" box="[938,1104,1919,1946]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="54" precision="1" value="-80.5777">80°34.662' W</geoCoordinate>
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, specimen #192 (
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<collectionCode id="ED66AE17FF93A010FABBE78FFAADF868" box="[1313,1404,1920,1946]" pageId="4" pageNumber="54">KBPIG</collectionCode>
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1/ 1380).
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<typeStatus id="54CC8870FF93A010FF73E7A9FE8EF832" box="[233,351,1958,1984]" pageId="4" pageNumber="54" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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: specimens #181 (
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<collectionCode id="ED66AE17FF93A010FDAEE7A9FD5FF832" box="[564,654,1958,1984]" pageId="4" pageNumber="54">KBPIG</collectionCode>
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3/1382) and #182 (
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<collectionCode id="ED66AE17FF93A010FCEBE7A9FC1AF832" box="[881,971,1958,1984]" pageId="4" pageNumber="54">KBPIG</collectionCode>
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4/1383) both collected at
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<geoCoordinate id="EE435015FF93A010FB60E7A9FA46F832" box="[1274,1431,1958,1984]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="54" precision="1" value="31.405083">31°24.305' N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE435015FF93A010FF0DE7C2FEEAF815" box="[151,315,1996,2023]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="54" precision="1" value="-80.56683">80°34.010' W</geoCoordinate>
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; #197 (
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<collectionCode id="ED66AE17FF93A010FE0BE7C2FE3AF815" box="[401,491,1997,2023]" pageId="4" pageNumber="54">KBPIG</collectionCode>
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2/1381) collected at 3137.688' N,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE435015FF93A010FC1AE7C2FBF2F815" box="[896,1059,1996,2023]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="54" precision="1" value="-80.5777">80°34.662' W</geoCoordinate>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36D6559FF92A012FF5CE098FB5AFEBE" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="5" pageNumber="55" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BC836D2FF92A011FF5CE098FE13FDA9" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,603]" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">
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<emphasis id="B903EAC0FF92A011FF5CE098FE8EFF43" bold="true" box="[198,351,151,177]" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">Description.</emphasis>
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The colonies are thick, massive, sometimes rather irregular and are divided into large lobed cushions that are attached by a wide base. The largest examined specimen (a part cut from a larger colony) is about
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<quantity id="4C8F9B37FF92A011FF7BE0EAFECDFF0D" box="[225,284,229,255]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="55" unit="cm" value="6.0">6 cm</quantity>
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in maximum dimension and
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<quantity id="4C8F9B37FF92A011FDE6E0EAFD1CFF0D" box="[636,717,229,255]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="55" unit="cm" value="3.5">3.5 cm</quantity>
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thick. The test is soft, gelatinous, transparent and free from sand on the surface and inside. The surface is characterized by round, raised, branched ridges separated by shallow depressions of double rows of zooids. The systems are large and not numerous and are formed by short and long, sometimes branched, double rows of zooids converging to a common cloacal opening. The limits of each system are discernible on the living specimens (
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<figureCitation id="134C2A57FF92A011FC00E18FFBD5FE68" box="[922,1028,384,410]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="5.[151,255,1437,1461]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,661,1412]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,661,1412]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 5. Aplidium ruzickai n. sp. A—specimen KBPIG 4 / 1383 (freshly collected); B—formalin preserved specimen; C—holotype KBPIG 1 / 1380 (underwater)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/187008/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">Figure 5</figureCitation>
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C), but are obscured in formalinpreserved material. In preserved colonies, the zooid free ridges of the test become more prominent and the systems appear as deep narrow grooves between these ridges. Zooids open inside these grooves so that the openings are not visible from the surface. The living specimens are either uniformly opaque milky-white (
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<figureCitation id="134C2A57FF92A011FF05E215FED6FDC6" box="[159,263,538,564]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="5.[151,255,1437,1461]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,661,1412]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,661,1412]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 5. Aplidium ruzickai n. sp. A—specimen KBPIG 4 / 1383 (freshly collected); B—formalin preserved specimen; C—holotype KBPIG 1 / 1380 (underwater)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/187008/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">Figure 5</figureCitation>
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C), or with whitish branched systems separated by translucent red ridges (
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<figureCitation id="134C2A57FF92A011FB14E215FB27FDC6" box="[1166,1270,538,564]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="5.[151,255,1437,1461]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,661,1412]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,661,1412]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 5. Aplidium ruzickai n. sp. A—specimen KBPIG 4 / 1383 (freshly collected); B—formalin preserved specimen; C—holotype KBPIG 1 / 1380 (underwater)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/187008/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">Figure 5</figureCitation>
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A); preserved specimens are colourless.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF08665AFF92A011FF0DE592FDB1FA25" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/187008/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="55" targetBox="[151,1435,661,1412]" targetPageId="5">
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<paragraph id="8BC836D2FF92A011FF0DE592FDB1FA25" blockId="5.[151,1436,1437,1495]" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">
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<emphasis id="B903EAC0FF92A011FF0DE592FEC9FA47" bold="true" box="[151,280,1437,1461]" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C774D51FF92A011FE85E591FE0CFA47" box="[287,477,1438,1461]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Aplidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="5" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ruzickai" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B903EAC0FF92A011FE85E591FE0CFA47" box="[287,477,1438,1461]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">Aplidium ruzickai</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23057BBFF92A011FE79E592FDCFFA47" box="[483,542,1437,1461]" pageId="5" pageNumber="55" rank="species">
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<emphasis id="B903EAC0FF92A011FE79E592FDCFFA47" bold="true" box="[483,542,1437,1461]" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">n. sp.</emphasis>
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</taxonomicNameLabel>
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A—specimen KBPIG 4/1383 (freshly collected); B—formalin preserved specimen; C—holotype KBPIG 1/1380 (underwater).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8BC836D2FF92A011FF5CE609FC08F802" blockId="5.[151,1437,1542,2032]" pageId="5" pageNumber="55">
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The zooids are long and narrow, not contracted. The thorax and abdomen together are about
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<quantity id="4C8F9B37FF92A011FA89E609FA89F9D2" box="[1299,1368,1542,1568]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="55" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
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long, and the posterior abdomen is
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<quantity id="4C8F9B37FF92A011FE6CE623FDB6F9B4" box="[502,615,1580,1606]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="55" unit="mm" value="7.5" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="5.0">5–10 mm</quantity>
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or sometimes longer. The branchial siphon is short and wide and has six rounded lobes. A small round sessile atrial opening is noticeably displaced downward along the dorsal side and is on the same level as the fifth or sixth row of stigmata. A simple short and blunt atrial languet arises from the upper rim of the atrial opening. The stigmata are in 19 (KBPIG 1/1380, 2/1381) or 17 or 18 (KBPIG 3/1382, 4/1383) rows of 11–15 per row. The oesophagus is long and the stomach, located half-way down the abdomen, has about 30 narrow and rather regular straight folds. The post-pyloric portion of the intestine is typical for the genus with the duodenum, posterior stomach and rectal valves discernible in some zooids. The anal opening is opposite the 14th or 15th row of stigmata. There is a slight constriction between the abdomen and posterior abdomen. Relatively large male follicles occupy either the entire or only the posterior part of the posterior abdomen and are in single or double series. A compact ovary consisting of one or two large ova and a number of smaller ones is either anterior to the testis and some distance from the gut loop (
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<figureCitation id="134C2A57FF92A011FB74E7A0FA84F83B" box="[1262,1365,1967,1993]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="6.[151,255,1447,1471]" captionText="FIGURE 6. Aplidium ruzickai n. sp. A—zooid; B—larva." pageId="5" pageNumber="55">Figure 6</figureCitation>
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A), or between the testis follicles in the middle part of the posterior abdomen.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC836D2FF91A012FF5CE097FB5AFEBE" blockId="6.[151,1437,152,332]" pageId="6" pageNumber="56">
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Up to six or seven embryos and larvae are in a single series in the posterior half of the thorax. A trunk of the tailed larva is
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<quantity id="4C8F9B37FF91A012FEF7E0B1FDDDFF2A" box="[365,524,190,216]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.25" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="7.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="56" unit="mm" value="0.825" valueMax="0.9" valueMin="0.75">0.75–0.9 mm</quantity>
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long with the tail winding slightly more than halfway around it. It has three adhesive organs on long stalks alternating with short median ampullae with clusters of large epidermal vesicles branching off of them. A bunch of epidermal vesicles is also present on each side of the dorsal and ventral mid-lines. No ampullae are posterior to the dorsal and ventral adhesive organs.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption id="DF08665AFF91A012FF0DE5A8FCD9FA4C" box="[151,776,1447,1471]" pageId="6" pageNumber="56">
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<paragraph id="8BC836D2FF91A012FF0DE5A8FCD9FA4C" blockId="6.[151,776,1447,1471]" box="[151,776,1447,1471]" pageId="6" pageNumber="56">
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<emphasis id="B903EAC0FF91A012FF0DE5A8FEC8FA4D" bold="true" box="[151,281,1447,1471]" pageId="6" pageNumber="56">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C774D51FF91A012FEBAE5A7FE0FFA4D" box="[288,478,1448,1471]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Aplidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="6" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ruzickai" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B903EAC0FF91A012FEBAE5A7FE0FFA4D" box="[288,478,1448,1471]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="56">Aplidium ruzickai</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23057BBFF91A012FE7FE5A8FDF0FA4D" box="[485,545,1447,1471]" pageId="6" pageNumber="56" rank="species">
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<emphasis id="B903EAC0FF91A012FE7FE5A8FDF0FA4D" bold="true" box="[485,545,1447,1471]" pageId="6" pageNumber="56">n. sp.</emphasis>
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</taxonomicNameLabel>
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A—zooid; B—larva.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection id="C36D6559FF91A013FF5CE5FFFE3EFD5A" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="57" pageId="6" pageNumber="56" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BC836D2FF91A012FF5CE5FFFC14F846" blockId="6.[151,1437,1520,1972]" pageId="6" pageNumber="56">
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<emphasis id="B903EAC0FF91A012FF5CE5FFFE91F9F8" bold="true" box="[198,320,1520,1546]" pageId="6" pageNumber="56">Remarks.</emphasis>
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The most distinctive feature of the species is the combination of large numbers of stomach folds and large numbers of rows of stigmata. The genus currently contains about 235 valid species, of which only five have a combination of numerous (more than 20) stomach folds and numerous (more than 17) rows of stigmata. These include the Atlantic
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<taxonomicName id="4C774D51FF91A012FDFAE66AFC7BF98D" authority="Leidy, 1855" authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1855" box="[608,938,1637,1663]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Aplidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="6" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pellucidum">
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<emphasis id="B903EAC0FF91A012FDFAE66AFCD3F98C" box="[608,770,1637,1662]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="56">A. pellucidum</emphasis>
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(Leidy, 1855)
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</taxonomicName>
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, Pacific
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C774D51FF91A012FB97E66AFABAF98D" authority="Tokioka, 1949" authorityName="Tokioka" authorityYear="1949" box="[1037,1387,1637,1663]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Aplidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="6" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="japonicum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EAC0FF91A012FB97E66AFB79F98C" box="[1037,1192,1637,1662]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="56">A. japonicum</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B23FF91A012FB2DE66AFAB2F98D" author="Tokioka" box="[1207,1379,1637,1663]" pageId="6" pageNumber="58" refString="Tokioka, T. (1949) Contribution to Japanese ascidian fauna. 1. Ascidians collected by prof. Miyadi and Mr. Masui during the bottom survey 1939 - 1940. Publications of Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, 1 (1), 1 - 17." type="journal article" year="1949">Tokioka, 1949</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C774D51FF91A012FF0DE683FD96F957" authority="Van Name, 1945" authorityName="Van Name" authorityYear="1945" box="[151,583,1675,1701]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Aplidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="6" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="propinquum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EAC0FF91A012FF0DE683FE82F957" box="[151,339,1676,1701]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="56">A. propinquum</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B23FF91A012FEFEE684FDEFF957" author="Van" box="[356,574,1675,1701]" pageId="6" pageNumber="58" refString="Van Name, W. G. (1945) The North and South American ascidians. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 84, 1 - 476." type="journal article" year="1945">Van Name, 1945</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3607642FF91A012FDCFE684FD1AF957" box="[597,715,1675,1701]" name="Antarctica" pageId="6" pageNumber="56">Antarctic</collectingCountry>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C774D51FF91A012FD4EE683FB08F957" authority="Harant & Vernieres, 1938" authorityName="Harant & Vernieres" authorityYear="1938" box="[724,1241,1675,1701]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Aplidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="6" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="loricatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EAC0FF91A012FD4EE683FCA2F957" box="[724,883,1676,1701]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="56">A. loricatum</emphasis>
|
||
(Harant & Vernieres, 1938)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and, probably, Mediterranean
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C774D51FF91A012FEC9E6BDFD34F93E" authority="Medioni, 1970" authorityName="Medioni" authorityYear="1970" box="[339,741,1714,1740]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Aplidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="6" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gelatinosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EAC0FF91A012FEC9E6BDFDDFF939" box="[339,526,1714,1739]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="56">A. gelatinosum</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B23FF91A012FD85E6BDFD0DF93E" author="Medioni" box="[543,732,1714,1740]" pageId="6" pageNumber="57" refString="Medioni, A. (1970) Ascidies du benthos rocheux de Banyuls-sur-Mer. Polyclinidae (ascidies composees). Vie Milieu, 21 (1 A), 287 - 308." type="journal article" year="1970">Médioni, 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. All these species are separated from the present record geographically and differ from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C774D51FF91A012FD96E6D6FD31F900" box="[524,736,1753,1778]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Aplidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="6" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ruzickai" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EAC0FF91A012FD96E6D6FD31F900" box="[524,736,1753,1778]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="56">Aplidium ruzickai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23057BBFF91A012FD72E6D7FCFDF900" box="[744,812,1752,1778]" pageId="6" pageNumber="56" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EAC0FF91A012FD72E6D7FCFDF900" bold="true" box="[744,812,1752,1778]" pageId="6" pageNumber="56">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
in many features:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C774D51FF91A012FB91E6D6FB61F900" box="[1035,1200,1753,1778]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Aplidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="6" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pellucidum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EAC0FF91A012FB91E6D6FB61F900" box="[1035,1200,1753,1778]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="56">A. pellucidum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C774D51FF91A012FB71E6D6FA4DF900" box="[1259,1436,1753,1778]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Aplidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="6" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="propinquum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EAC0FF91A012FB71E6D6FA4DF900" box="[1259,1436,1753,1778]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="56">A. propinquum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have completely different sandy colonies,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C774D51FF91A012FD0EE70FFCE5F8EB" box="[660,820,1792,1817]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Aplidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="6" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="japonicum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EAC0FF91A012FD0EE70FFCE5F8EB" box="[660,820,1792,1817]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="56">A. japonicum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a trifid atrial languet and the larva seems to be different (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B23FF91A012FE96E729FDF1F8B2" author="Tokioka" box="[268,544,1830,1856]" pageId="6" pageNumber="58" refString="Tokioka, T. (1949) Contribution to Japanese ascidian fauna. 1. Ascidians collected by prof. Miyadi and Mr. Masui during the bottom survey 1939 - 1940. Publications of Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, 1 (1), 1 - 17." type="journal article" year="1949">Tokioka, 1949, Plate 1.</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C774D51FF91A012FDA1E729FD1EF8CD" box="[571,719,1830,1855]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Aplidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="6" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="loricatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EAC0FF91A012FDA1E729FD1EF8CD" box="[571,719,1830,1855]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="56">A. loricatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has ovoid dome-shaped colonies with a smooth surface and double rows of zooids converging to a few cloacal apertures on the upper surface.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C774D51FF91A012FBE3E742FA51F894" box="[1145,1408,1869,1894]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Aplidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="6" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gelatinosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EAC0FF91A012FBE3E742FA51F894" box="[1145,1408,1869,1894]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="56">Aplidium gelatinosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is insufficiently described, but the number of stomach plications, while not specified, appears to be less than in the present species and the larva is different (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B23FF91A012FD3DE795FC66F846" author="Medioni" box="[679,951,1946,1972]" pageId="6" pageNumber="57" refString="Medioni, A. (1970) Ascidies du benthos rocheux de Banyuls-sur-Mer. Polyclinidae (ascidies composees). Vie Milieu, 21 (1 A), 287 - 308." type="journal article" year="1970">Médioni, 1970, Plate 6</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC836D2FF90A013FF5CE097FDA4FE68" blockId="7.[151,1436,152,680]" pageId="7" pageNumber="57">
|
||
The present species is not related to any West Atlantic species of which only
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C774D51FF90A013FBE9E097FAC9FF43" box="[1139,1304,152,177]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Aplidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="7" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pellucidum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EAC0FF90A013FBE9E097FAC9FF43" box="[1139,1304,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="57">A. pellucidum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(discussed above),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C774D51FF90A013FF6CE0B0FD8FFF2A" authority="Verrill, 1871" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1871" box="[246,606,190,216]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Aplidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="7" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="constellatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EAC0FF90A013FF6CE0B0FE7CFF2A" box="[246,429,191,216]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="57">A. constellatum</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B23FF90A013FE27E0B1FD84FF2A" author="Verrill" box="[445,597,190,216]" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" refString="Verrill, A. E. (1871) Descriptions of some imperfectly known and new ascidians from New England. American Journal of Science, (3) 1, 54 - 58, 93 - 100, 211 - 212, 288 - 294, 443 - 446." type="journal article" year="1871">Verrill, 1871</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C774D51FF90A013FD02E0B0FC00FF2A" authority="Van Name, 1902" authorityName="Van Name" authorityYear="1902" box="[664,977,190,216]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Aplidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="7" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="exile">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EAC0FF90A013FD02E0B0FD21FF2A" box="[664,752,191,216]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="57">A. exile</emphasis>
|
||
(Van Name, 1902)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may have more than 20 stomach folds (but still less than
|
||
<quantity id="4C8F9B37FF90A013FEE7E0EAFE6CFF0D" box="[381,445,229,255]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" pageId="7" pageNumber="57" unit="in" value="30.0">30 in</quantity>
|
||
the present species). The colonies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C774D51FF90A013FC09E0EAFB82FF0C" box="[915,1107,229,254]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Aplidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="7" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="constellatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EAC0FF90A013FC09E0EAFB82FF0C" box="[915,1107,229,254]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="57">A. constellatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are "ovate or more or less turbinate in form, attached by a narrow base" (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B23FF90A013FD25E103FC5AFED4" author="Van" box="[703,907,268,294]" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" refString="Van Name, W. G. (1945) The North and South American ascidians. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 84, 1 - 476." type="journal article" year="1945">Van Name, 1945</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 38), and it has only 10–13 rows of stigmata and different larva (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B23FF90A013FE19E13DFD80FEBE" author="Monniot" box="[387,593,306,332]" pageId="7" pageNumber="58" refString="Monniot, F. (1983) Ascidies littorales de Guadelope 3. Polyclinidae. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, (4) 5 A (2), 413 - 422." type="journal article" year="1983">Monniot F, 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C774D51FF90A013FDFCE13DFCC2FEB9" box="[614,787,306,331]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Aplidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="7" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="exile">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EAC0FF90A013FDFCE13DFCC2FEB9" box="[614,787,306,331]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="57">Aplidium exile</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has 12–14 rows of stigmata and much smaller, button shaped colonies.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C774D51FF90A013FEF8E156FCFFFE81" authority="Van Name, 1902" authorityName="Van Name" authorityYear="1902" box="[354,814,345,371]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Aplidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="7" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bermudae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EAC0FF90A013FEF8E156FD9DFE80" box="[354,588,345,370]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="57">Aplidium bermudae</emphasis>
|
||
(Van Name, 1902)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may have up to 17 rows of stigmata but only 10–15 stomach folds and its colony is different.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC836D2FF90A013FF5CE1A9FE86FDC6" blockId="7.[151,1436,152,680]" pageId="7" pageNumber="57">
|
||
The shape of the colony surface of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C774D51FF90A013FD17E1A8FD28FE32" box="[653,761,423,448]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Aplidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="7" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EAC0FF90A013FD17E1A8FD28FE32" box="[653,761,423,448]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="57">Aplidium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23057BBFF90A013FC9CE1A9FC9FFE32" box="[774,846,422,448]" pageId="7" pageNumber="57" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EAC0FF90A013FC9CE1A9FC9FFE32" bold="true" box="[774,846,422,448]" pageId="7" pageNumber="57">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is stable and characteristic but not unique and resembles
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C774D51FF90A013FE8DE1C2FDBBFE15" authority="Monniot, 2001" authorityName="Monniot" authorityYear="2001" box="[279,618,461,487]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Aplidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="7" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cerebrum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EAC0FF90A013FE8DE1C2FE7DFE14" box="[279,428,461,486]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="57">A. cerebrum</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B23FF90A013FE2EE1C2FDBBFE15" author="Monniot" box="[436,618,461,487]" pageId="7" pageNumber="57" refString="Monniot F. & Monniot, C. (2001) Ascidians from the tropical western Pacific. Zoosystema, 23 (2), 201 - 383." type="journal article" year="2001">Monniot, 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C774D51FF90A013FDE2E1C2FC77FE15" authority="Kott, 1992" authorityName="Kott" authorityYear="1992" box="[632,934,461,487]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Aplidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="7" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lenticulum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EAC0FF90A013FDE2E1C2FCC8FE14" box="[632,793,461,486]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="57">A. lenticulum</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B23FF90A013FCB8E1C2FC77FE15" author="Kott" box="[802,934,461,487]" pageId="7" pageNumber="57" refString="Kott, P. (1992) The Australian Ascidiacea part 3, Aplousobranchia (2). Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 32 (2), 375 - 620." type="journal article" year="1992">Kott, 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C774D51FF90A013FC29E1C2FAF0FE15" authority="Sluiter, 1909" authorityName="Sluiter" authorityYear="1909" box="[947,1313,461,487]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Aplidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="7" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="multiplicatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903EAC0FF90A013FC29E1C2FBACFE14" box="[947,1149,461,486]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="57">A. multiplicatum</emphasis>
|
||
Sluiter, 1909
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and some other species (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B23FF90A013FEF5E1FBFE20FDFC" author="Kott" box="[367,497,500,526]" pageId="7" pageNumber="57" refString="Kott, P. (1992) The Australian Ascidiacea part 3, Aplousobranchia (2). Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 32 (2), 375 - 620." type="journal article" year="1992">Kott, 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Plate 13f, 14e,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B23FF90A013FD2BE1FBFBD3FDFC" author="Monniot" box="[689,1026,500,526]" pageId="7" pageNumber="57" refString="Monniot F. & Monniot, C. (2001) Ascidians from the tropical western Pacific. Zoosystema, 23 (2), 201 - 383." type="journal article" year="2001">Monniot and Monniot, 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Fig.112B). All these species have different zooids.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC836D2FF90A013FF5CE24EFE3EFD5A" blockId="7.[151,1436,152,680]" pageId="7" pageNumber="57">
|
||
The species is named after Rob Ruzicka to aknowledge his contribution in establishing the collection of benthic invertebrates of Gray’s Reef National Marine Sanctuary housed in the Department of Biology at
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3607642FF90A013FF0DE281FF24FD5A" box="[151,245,654,680]" name="Georgia" pageId="7" pageNumber="57">Georgia</collectingCountry>
|
||
Southern University.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |