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<document id="AAE3BFDE5B735E018DF0B2BE4427365F" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3655.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a6990774-66c7-4586-b14e-354b42d0857b" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="223358" ID-ZooBank="FC302AA5-49CC-41B0-9A66-23C11AB4EBAE" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460612493272" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Gardini, Giulio" docDate="2013" docId="03DE87C1FF96F9E26B99FBE8195AA147" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03655p151.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3655 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Chthonius" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="130" masterDocId="FFE7FFB9FFEBF9636B0EFF8C1851A078" masterDocTitle="A revision of the species of the pseudoscorpion subgenus Chthonius (Ephippiochthonius) (Arachnida, Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae) from Italy and neighbouring areas" masterLastPageNumber="151" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="126" updateTime="1698329375031" updateUser="plazi">
<mods:mods id="3A4BD8A2E6AE86C892BF00561BB1B373" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="A5C2B33388F8C3738D646E15B40E726D">
<mods:title id="050F4B394955CA7135A92914612E6ACC">A revision of the species of the pseudoscorpion subgenus Chthonius (Ephippiochthonius) (Arachnida, Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae) from Italy and neighbouring areas</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="82AF63149A89B41074DC074B6D79FD76" type="personal">
<mods:role id="61C827A98D74E723A15D4ADA6FCB5D4A">
<mods:roleTerm id="12BFF02AA3FF249F4814AFA32752E670">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="E4535BA1F709E550D55A102E0C5267A7">Gardini, Giulio</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="0057B65A84F4BF0463F6DB0BDC19C71B">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="DBB12761ACE3AC7FE9F8309B427A0704">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="8B6FEC95107D3A8402F818FDDBAE7396">
<mods:date id="EC73D21E9905D0F2A51312672B954992">2013</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="2A5F014308CF90383F38E560A79B8A83" type="volume">
<mods:number id="E536B4CED61017F8D736729AAA52C292">3655</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="0367FBB056BC9BC794E1ADD7594EA257">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="2D7B03FCDEF8AD4139F348357B46B0F6" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3655.1.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="586CB519863D7B4799EF66AAFCE52085" type="GBIF-Dataset">a6990774-66c7-4586-b14e-354b42d0857b</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="4078763C86834339CAFE3CA405FC4669" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="CFE6F328ECB61C5825E2D4BB8C8B20CD" type="Zenodo-Dep">223358</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="5C25EE079C7B18F28A9DB831AEB7C17A" type="ZooBank">FC302AA5-49CC-41B0-9A66-23C11AB4EBAE</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03DE87C1FF96F9E26B99FBE8195AA147" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6156005" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119568639" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6156005" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DE87C1FF96F9E26B99FBE8195AA147" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DE87C1FF96F9E26B99FBE8195AA147" lastPageId="129" lastPageNumber="130" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">
<subSubSection id="C36D655CFF96F91E6B99FBE81B56A49C" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BC836D7FF96F91E6B99FBE81A27A405" blockId="125.[151,630,1123,1182]" box="[151,630,1123,1150]" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">
<heading id="D08081BBFF96F91E6B99FBE81A27A405" bold="true" box="[151,630,1123,1150]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FF96F91E6B99FBE81A27A405" bold="true" box="[151,630,1123,1150]" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FF96F91E6B99FBE8191DA406" bold="true" box="[151,332,1124,1150]" italics="true" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">
<taxonomicName id="4C774D54FF96F91E6B99FBE81947A406" ID-CoL="62LNY" box="[151,278,1124,1150]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Chthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Chthonius</taxonomicName>
(E.)
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C774D54FF96F91E6A5DFBE81A27A405" authority="Beier, 1930" authorityName="Beier" authorityYear="1930" box="[339,630,1123,1150]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Chthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="troglophilus">
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FF96F91E6A5DFBE819B4A406" bold="true" box="[339,485,1124,1150]" italics="true" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">troglophilus</emphasis>
Beier, 1930
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC836D7FF96F91E6B99FB0A192AA4E6" blockId="125.[151,630,1123,1182]" box="[151,379,1158,1182]" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">
(
<figureCitation id="134C2A52FF96F91E6B91FB0A196DA4E6" box="[159,316,1158,1182]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 242 – 248" captionStart-1="FIGURES 249 – 251" captionStartId-0="127.[151,264,1920,1943]" captionStartId-1="128.[151,264,1919,1942]" captionTargetBox-0="[168,1390,615,1919]" captionTargetBox-1="[193,1383,215,1884]" captionTargetId-0="figure@127.[168,1420,577,1923]" captionTargetId-1="figure@128.[176,1411,193,1898]" captionTargetPageId-0="127" captionTargetPageId-1="128" captionText-0="FIGURES 242 – 248. Chthonius (E.) troglophilus Beier, 1930. 242, male (Tana do Scovero, 24. IV. 1986), anterior margin of carapace; 243, female (holotype of C. cavicola), id.; 244, id., anterolateral portion of carapace; 245, male (Tana do Scovero, 24. IV. 1986), right chelicera; 246, female (Grotta sopra la Cava, 8. X. 1985), id.; 247, female (holotype of C. cavicola), id.; 248, male (Tana do Scovero, 24. IV. 1986), tip of fixed chelal finger, dorsal view (redrawn after Gardini 1990)." captionText-1="FIGURES 249 – 251. Chthonius (E.) troglophilus Beier, 1930. 249, male (Tana do Scovero, 24. IV. 1986), right chela, lateral view; 250, female (Grotta sopra la Cava, 8. X. 1985), id.; 251, female (holotype of C. cavicola), id. (redrawn after Gardini 1990). (Scale bar 0.1 mm)." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/223414/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/223415/files/figure.png" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">Figs 242–251</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="134C2A52FF96F91E6A49FB0A1923A4E6" box="[327,370,1158,1182]" captionStart="FIGURES 290 – 293" captionStartId="146.[151,264,1815,1838]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1793]" captionTargetId="figure@146.[151,1436,193,1794]" captionTargetPageId="146" captionText="FIGURES 290 – 293. Distribution maps for the Italian species of the Chthonius fuscimanus group. 290, Chthonius (E.) boldorii Beier, 1934; 291, Chthonius (E.) genuensis Gardini, 1990, C. (E.) gestroi Simon, 1896, C. (E.) monguzzii n. sp., C. (E.) pieltaini Beier, 1930, C. (E.) troglophilus Beier, 1930 and C. (E.) zoiai Gardini, 1990; 292, Chthonius (E.) etruscus n. sp., C. (E.) latellai n. sp., C. (E.) magrinii n. sp. and C. (E.) sulphureus n. sp.; 293, Chthonius (E.) aeneae n. sp., C. (E.) gallii n. sp., C. (E.) intemelius n. sp. and C. (E.) ligur n. sp." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223424/files/figure.png" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">291</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC836D7FF96F91E6B99FB431B56A49C" blockId="125.[151,985,1230,1314]" box="[151,775,1230,1253]" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">
<taxonomicName id="4C774D54FF96F91E6B99FB431B52A49C" authority="Beier 1930b: 73" authorityName="Beier" authorityPageNumber="73" authorityYear="1930" box="[151,771,1230,1253]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Chthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="troglophilus" subGenus="Ephippiochthonius">
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FF96F91E6B99FB431A07A49D" box="[151,598,1231,1253]" italics="true" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">Chthonius (Ephippiochthonius) troglophilus</emphasis>
Beier 1930b: 73
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36D655CFF96F91E6B99FB611B72A55A" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BC836D7FF96F91E6B99FB611B72A55A" blockId="125.[151,985,1230,1314]" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FF96F91E6B99FB6119FCA57B" box="[151,429,1261,1283]" italics="true" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">
<taxonomicName id="4C774D54FF96F91E6B99FB6118AEA57B" box="[151,255,1261,1283]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Chthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Chthonius</taxonomicName>
(E.)
<taxonomicName id="4C774D54FF96F91E6A3CFB6119FCA57B" authority="Beier 1932: 58" authorityName="Beier" authorityPageNumber="58" authorityYear="1932" box="[306,429,1261,1283]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Chthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="troglophilus">troglophilus</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
: Beier 1932: 58, fig. 72; Gardini 1990: 236, figs 9–16.
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FF96F91E6B99FA80197DA559" box="[151,300,1292,1314]" italics="true" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">
<taxonomicName id="4C774D54FF96F91E6B99FA8018AEA55A" box="[151,255,1292,1314]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Chthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Chthonius</taxonomicName>
(E.)
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C774D54FF96F91E6A3CFA801A1BA559" authority="Gardini 1990: 240" authorityName="Gardini" authorityPageNumber="240" authorityYear="1990" box="[306,586,1291,1314]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Chthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cavicola">
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FF96F91E6A3CFA8019D9A55A" box="[306,392,1292,1314]" italics="true" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">cavicola</emphasis>
Gardini 1990: 240
</taxonomicName>
, figs 17–21 (
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FF96F91E69C1FA801B44A559" bold="true" box="[719,789,1292,1313]" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">n. syn.</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36D655CFF96F91E6B99FAC31D3AA51E" box="[151,1387,1357,1383]" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BC836D7FF96F91E6B99FAC31D3AA51E" blockId="125.[151,1436,1357,2031]" box="[151,1387,1357,1383]" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FF96F91E6B99FAC31968A51F" bold="true" box="[151,313,1358,1383]" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">
<typeStatus id="54CC8875FF96F91E6B99FAC31883A51F" box="[151,210,1359,1383]" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">Type</typeStatus>
locality:
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F3607647FF96F91E6A4EFAC21925A51E" box="[320,372,1358,1382]" name="Italy" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">Italy</collectingCountry>
, Liguria, Savona Prov., Castelbianco, Tana do Scovero 86 Li/SV (44°06ʹ55ʺN 8°03ʹ40ʺE).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36D655CFF96F91E6BC9FAFE1A2CA5F2" box="[199,637,1394,1419]" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BC836D7FF96F91E6BC9FAFE1A2CA5F2" blockId="125.[151,1436,1357,2031]" box="[199,637,1394,1419]" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FF96F91E6BC9FAFE1931A5F3" bold="true" box="[199,352,1394,1419]" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F3607647FF96F91E6A69FAFE19CEA5F2" box="[359,415,1394,1418]" name="Italy" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">Italy</collectingCountry>
: Piedmont, Liguria.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36D655CFF96F91E6BC9FA1A1BF8A6B6" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BC836D7FF96F91E6BC9FA1A1BF8A6B6" blockId="125.[151,1436,1357,2031]" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FF96F91E6BC9FA1A1907A5D7" bold="true" box="[199,342,1430,1455]" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">Diagnosis (</emphasis>
Ƥ
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FF96F91E6A8EFA1A19C1A5D7" bold="true" box="[384,400,1430,1455]" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">).</emphasis>
An anophthalmic hypogean (rarely endogean)
<taxonomicName id="4C774D54FF96F91E68E9FA1A1D02A5D6" authority="(Ephippiochthonius)" baseAuthorityName="Ephippiochthonius" box="[999,1363,1430,1454]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Chthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FF96F91E68E9FA1A1D02A5D6" box="[999,1363,1430,1454]" italics="true" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">Chthonius (Ephippiochthonius)</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from southwestern Alps that differs from other species of the
<taxonomicName id="4C774D54FF96F91E6820FA371B80A5AB" box="[814,977,1467,1491]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Chthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuscimanus">
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FF96F91E6820FA371B80A5AB" box="[814,977,1467,1491]" italics="true" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">C. fuscimanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group in the following combination of characters: movable cheliceral finger with isolated subapical tooth (
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FF96F91E68C4FA521B8EA58E" box="[970,991,1502,1526]" italics="true" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">di</emphasis>
) and subequal teeth; male with low spinneret; chelal hand (in lateral view) without a rounded hump distad of trichobothria
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FF96F91E6F8AF98F1C95A663" box="[1156,1220,1539,1563]" italics="true" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">ib-isb</emphasis>
, weakly depressed behind
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FF96F91E6BE2F9AA197DA646" box="[236,300,1574,1598]" italics="true" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">ib-isb</emphasis>
; fixed and movable chelal finger respectively with
<date id="FFC91017FF96F91E6873F9AA1C65A646" box="[893,1076,1574,1598]" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" value="1913-11-17" valueMax="1913-11-08" valueMin="1913-11-17">13–17 and 8–11</date>
triangular teeth, fixed finger at level of
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FF96F91E6BF8F9C0197FA61B" box="[246,302,1612,1635]" italics="true" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">est-it</emphasis>
with 3-4 teeth occupying
<quantity id="4C8F9B32FF96F91E6955F9C61AE2A61A" box="[603,691,1610,1634]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" unit="mm" value="0.1">0.1 mm</quantity>
(distance between successive apices
<quantity id="4C8F9B32FF96F91E6F53F9C61D70A61A" box="[1117,1313,1610,1634]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" metricValueMax="3.1" metricValueMin="2.7" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" unit="mm" value="0.028999999999999998" valueMax="0.031" valueMin="0.027">0.027–0.031 mm</quantity>
); proximal half of movable chelal finger with straight, thick marginal lamina; length of chela 1.0–1.29 (3), 0.77–1.39 (Ƥ) mm, length of movable chelal finger 0.60–0.745 (3), 0.455–0.80 (Ƥ) mm; chela 6.7–7.6 (3), 5.45–6.9 (Ƥ) times as long as deep; ratio of pedipalpal femur/carapace 1.6–1.85 (3), 1.3–1.7 (Ƥ).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36D655CFF96F91D6BC9F9571CB4A244" lastPageId="126" lastPageNumber="127" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BC836D7FF96F91E6BC9F9571D21A76E" blockId="125.[151,1436,1357,2031]" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FF96F91E6BC9F95719A0A68B" bold="true" box="[199,497,1754,1779]" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">
<typeStatus id="54CC8875FF96F91E6BC9F9571953A68B" box="[199,258,1755,1779]" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">Type</typeStatus>
material examined.
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F3607647FF96F91E6AF7F9571A19A68B" box="[505,584,1755,1779]" name="Italy" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">ITALY</collectingCountry>
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FF96F91E6946F9571A35A68B" bold="true" box="[584,612,1755,1779]" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">—</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FF96F91E696AF9501B2CA68B" box="[612,893,1756,1779]" italics="true" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">Liguria: Imperia Prov.—</emphasis>
1 Ƥ (
<typeStatus id="54CC8875FF96F91E68B6F9561C4FA68A" box="[952,1054,1754,1778]" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
,
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FF96F91E6F24F9571C81A68B" box="[1066,1232,1755,1779]" italics="true" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">
<taxonomicName id="4C774D54FF96F91E6F24F9571CCCA68B" box="[1066,1181,1755,1779]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Chthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Chthonius</taxonomicName>
(E.)
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C774D54FF96F91E6FD6F9571882A76E" authority="Gardini, 1990" authorityName="Gardini" authorityYear="1990" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Chthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cavicola">
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FF96F91E6FD6F9571D66A68B" box="[1240,1335,1755,1779]" italics="true" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">cavicola</emphasis>
Gardini, 1990
</taxonomicName>
), Pigna, Buggio, Grotta dei Rugli 19 Li/IM,
<quantity id="4C8F9B32FF96F91E69CBF9721B5DA76E" box="[709,780,1790,1814]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.4" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" unit="m" value="740.0">740 m</quantity>
a.s.l.,
<date id="FFC91017FF96F91E685BF9721B98A76E" box="[853,969,1790,1814]" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" value="1978-09-06">6.IX.1978</date>
, E. Gardini, G. Gardini &amp; S. Zoia leg.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC836D7FF96F91E6BC9F8AE1DCAA796" blockId="125.[151,1436,1357,2031]" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FF96F91E6BC9F8AE1A51A743" bold="true" box="[199,512,1826,1851]" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">Other material examined.</emphasis>
ITALY—
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FF96F91E697DF8AF1B2FA743" box="[627,894,1827,1851]" italics="true" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">Piedmont: Cuneo Prov.</emphasis>
–1 Ƥ, Borgo San Dalmazzo, Monserrato, Baus d’la Magna Catlina 1059,
<date id="FFC91017FF96F91E6AB2F8CA1A6BA726" box="[444,570,1862,1886]" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" value="2010-07-01">1.VII.2010</date>
, M. Isaia leg.; 1 Ƥ, id.,
<date id="FFC91017FF96F91E684AF8CA1B94A726" box="[836,965,1862,1886]" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" value="2010-06-10">10.VI.2010</date>
/
<date id="FFC91017FF96F91E68C0F8CA1C1CA726" box="[974,1101,1862,1886]" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" value="2011-06-10">10.VI.2011</date>
; 1 3, Eca, Arma dei Grai 120 Pi/CN,
<date id="FFC91017FF96F91E6BE0F8E619D3A7FA" box="[238,386,1898,1922]" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" value="1968-08-25">25.VIII.1968</date>
, A. Vigna leg.
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FF96F91E693BF8E01B6BA7FB" box="[565,826,1900,1923]" italics="true" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">Liguria: Imperia Prov.</emphasis>
–1 Ƥ, Rocchetta Nervina, Grotta degli Strassasacchi 1176 Li/IM,
<quantity id="4C8F9B32FF96F91E6A26F8021920A7DE" box="[296,369,1934,1958]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.6" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" unit="m" value="560.0">560 m</quantity>
a.s.l.,
<date id="FFC91017FF96F91E6AB0F8021A7AA7DE" box="[446,555,1934,1958]" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" value="2003-01-26">26.I.2003</date>
, S. Zoia &amp; F. Polese leg.
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FF96F91E685CF8031C37A7DF" box="[850,1126,1935,1959]" italics="true" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">Liguria: Savona Prov.—</emphasis>
2 3, Castelbianco, Tana do Scovero 86 Li/SV,
<quantity id="4C8F9B32FF96F91E6A60F83E19E4A7B2" box="[366,437,1970,1994]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.6" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" unit="m" value="460.0">460 m</quantity>
a.s.l.,
<date id="FFC91017FF96F91E690EF83E1A2FA7B2" box="[512,638,1970,1994]" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" value="1986-04-24">24.IV.1986</date>
, G. Gardini &amp; R. Rizzerio leg.; 2 3 1 Ƥ, Ceriale, Grotta sopra la Cava 312 Li/SV,
<date id="FFC91017FF96F91E6A14F85A19D5A796" box="[282,388,2006,2030]" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" value="1985-10-08">8.X.1985</date>
, G. Gardini &amp; R. Rizzerio leg.; 1T, id.,
<date id="FFC91017FF96F91E6845F85A1BE4A796" box="[843,949,2006,2030]" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" value="1986-02-04">4.II.1986</date>
; 1 3 1 Ƥ, id.,
<date id="FFC91017FF96F91E6F50F85A1C81A796" box="[1118,1232,2006,2030]" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" value="1986-03-08">8.III.1986</date>
, R. Rizzerio &amp; S.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC836D7FF95F91D6B99FF1B1CB4A244" blockId="126.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="126" pageNumber="127">
Zoia leg.; 1 3 2 Ƥ 1T, id.,
<date id="FFC91017FF95F91D6ACDFF1B1A6DA0D7" box="[451,572,151,175]" pageId="126" pageNumber="127" value="1986-10-23">23.X.1986</date>
, G. Gardini &amp; R. Rizzerio le.; 1 3 2 Ƥ “
<taxonomicName id="4C774D54FF95F91D6F0CFF141D7AA0D7" authority="Gestroi E. Sim." authorityName="Gestroi E. Sim." box="[1026,1323,151,176]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Chthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="126" pageNumber="127" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FF95F91D6F0CFF141C9EA0D7" box="[1026,1231,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="126" pageNumber="127">Chthonius Gestroi</emphasis>
E. Sim.
</taxonomicName>
(pullus)”, “Gr. Verzi,
<date id="FFC91017FF95F91D6A16FF3019C7A0AC" box="[280,406,188,212]" pageId="126" pageNumber="127" value="1897-04-16">16.IV.1897</date>
, A. Dodero leg.” [Loano, Grotta di Verzi 91 Li/SV,
<quantity id="4C8F9B32FF95F91D68ECFF301C7BA0AC" box="[994,1066,188,212]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="126" pageNumber="127" unit="m" value="160.0">160 m</quantity>
a.s.l.] (MSNG); 1 Ƥ “
<taxonomicName id="4C774D54FF95F91D6E27FF30190CA08F" authority="Gestroi E. Simon" authorityName="Gestroi E. Simon" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Chthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="126" pageNumber="127" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FF95F91D6E27FF3018BBA08F" italics="true" pageId="126" pageNumber="127">Chthonius Gestroi</emphasis>
E. Simon
</taxonomicName>
”, “Gr. Verzi.,
<date id="FFC91017FF95F91D6AF7FF531A26A08F" box="[505,631,223,247]" pageId="126" pageNumber="127" value="1897-04-28">28.IV.1897</date>
, R. Gestro leg.” [id.] (MSNG); 1 Ƥ “
<taxonomicName id="4C774D54FF95F91D6F18FF6C1D06A08F" authority="Gestroi E. Simon" authorityName="Gestroi E. Simon" box="[1046,1367,223,248]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Chthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="126" pageNumber="127" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FF95F91D6F18FF6C1CB2A08F" box="[1046,1251,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="126" pageNumber="127">Chthonius Gestroi</emphasis>
E. Simon
</taxonomicName>
”, “Gr. Verzi,
<date id="FFC91017FF95F91D6BD1FE88193FA164" box="[223,366,260,284]" pageId="126" pageNumber="127" value="1898-04-30">30 Apr 1898</date>
, A. Dodero leg.” [id.] (MSNG); 1 3 1 Ƥ, “Gr. Verzi,
<date id="FFC91017FF95F91D68CDFE881C69A164" box="[963,1080,260,284]" pageId="126" pageNumber="127" value="1900-05-27">27.V.1900</date>
, A. Dodero leg.” [id.] (MSNG); 1 Ƥ, “
<taxonomicName id="4C774D54FF95F91D6BD0FEA41A73A147" authority="Gestroi E. Simon" authorityName="Gestroi E. Simon" box="[222,546,295,320]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Chthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="126" pageNumber="127" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FF95F91D6BD0FEA419FCA147" box="[222,429,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="126" pageNumber="127">Chthonius Gestroi</emphasis>
E. Simon
</taxonomicName>
” “Gr. Verzi,
<date id="FFC91017FF95F91D69B6FEA41B7AA147" box="[696,811,295,320]" pageId="126" pageNumber="127" value="1901-04">Apr. 1901</date>
, A. Dodero leg.” [id.] (MSNG); 1 3, Loano, Grotta di Verzi 91 Li/SV,
<quantity id="4C8F9B32FF95F91D6A44FEC019C0A11C" box="[330,401,332,356]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="126" pageNumber="127" unit="m" value="160.0">160 m</quantity>
a.s.l.,
<date id="FFC91017FF95F91D6AD4FEC01A00A11C" box="[474,593,332,356]" pageId="126" pageNumber="127" value="1985-02-17">17.II.1985</date>
, G. Gardini leg.; 1 Ƥ, id., Grotta di Verzi 91 Li/SV,
<quantity id="4C8F9B32FF95F91D6F81FEC01C87A11C" box="[1167,1238,332,356]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="126" pageNumber="127" unit="m" value="160.0">160 m</quantity>
a.s.l.,
<date id="FFC91017FF95F91D6E11FEC01DC6A11C" box="[1311,1431,332,356]" pageId="126" pageNumber="127" value="1985-10-31">31.X.1985</date>
, G. Gardini &amp; R. Rizzerio leg.; 1T, Magliolo, Tana dell’Ermellino 767 Li/SV,
<date id="FFC91017FF95F91D6F0EFEE31C28A1FF" box="[1024,1145,367,391]" pageId="126" pageNumber="127" value="1973-10-21">21.X.1973</date>
, L. Briganti &amp; G. Gardini leg.; 1 Ƥ (M. Beier det.), Magliolo, Tana del Pecetto 569 Li/SV,
<date id="FFC91017FF95F91D6868FE181BB9A1D4" box="[870,1000,404,428]" pageId="126" pageNumber="127" value="1973-09-30">30.IX.1973</date>
, G. Gardini leg.; 5 Ƥ, id.,
<date id="FFC91017FF95F91D6E07FE181D26A1D4" box="[1289,1399,404,428]" pageId="126" pageNumber="127" value="1976-01-25">25.I.1976</date>
, R. Poggi &amp; S. Zoia leg.; 1 Ƥ, id.,
<date id="FFC91017FF95F91D6909FE3B1A2AA1B7" box="[519,635,439,463]" pageId="126" pageNumber="127" value="1981-05-18">18.V.1981</date>
, D. Bruzzone, G. Gardini &amp; G. Troiano leg.; 1 3, id.,
<date id="FFC91017FF95F91D6FF9FE3B1D24A1B7" box="[1271,1397,439,463]" pageId="126" pageNumber="127" value="1985-04-25">25.IV.1985</date>
, G. Gardini leg.; 1 3 3 Ƥ 1T, id.,
<date id="FFC91017FF95F91D6AF3FE501A26A18C" box="[509,631,476,500]" pageId="126" pageNumber="127" value="1985-10-23">23.X.1985</date>
, G. Gardini &amp; R. Rizzerio leg.; 1 Ƥ, id.,
<date id="FFC91017FF95F91D6F52FE501C80A18C" box="[1116,1233,476,500]" pageId="126" pageNumber="127" value="1986-05-28">28.V.1986</date>
, G. Gardini &amp; R. Rizzerio leg.; 1 Ƥ, Vendone, N slope Monte Castell’Ermo,
<date id="FFC91017FF95F91D684CFE731BE6A26F" box="[834,951,511,535]" pageId="126" pageNumber="127" value="1976-05-16">16.V.1976</date>
, G. Gardini leg. under stone; 3 3 1 Ƥ 1T, Vendone, Abisso di Montenero 306 Li/SV,
<date id="FFC91017FF95F91D6974FDA81AA4A244" box="[634,757,548,572]" pageId="126" pageNumber="127" value="1980-11-23">23.XI1980</date>
, G. M. Schiaffino, A. Torchia &amp; S. Zoia leg.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36D655CFF95F91C6BC9FDCB1B23A0AC" lastPageId="127" lastPageNumber="128" pageId="126" pageNumber="127" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BC836D7FF95F91D6BC9FDCB1D34A5C7" blockId="126.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="126" pageNumber="127">
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FF95F91D6BC9FDCB198AA218" bold="true" box="[199,475,583,608]" pageId="126" pageNumber="127">Description of adults (</emphasis>
Ƥ
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FF95F91D6908FDCB1A5EA218" bold="true" box="[518,527,583,608]" pageId="126" pageNumber="127">)</emphasis>
. Troglomorphic facies. Integument depigmented; hispid granulation on lateral surfaces of carapace and on cheliceral palm. Carapace 1.0–1.1 times longer than broad, slightly constricted posteriorly; anterior margin (fig. 242–243) between median macrosetae with sharp denticles, more prominent and strongly dentate in female, but always without epistome; no eyes or eye-spots (fig. 244); chaetotaxy mm
<quantity id="4C8F9B32FF95F91D6BC4FD5B195DA297" box="[202,268,727,751]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="126" pageNumber="127" unit="mm" value="4.0">4mm</quantity>
:6:4:2:2(18), macrosetae thin; rarely 1 preocular microseta on one side; median row rarely with 6 macrosetae (Ƥ from Pigna: Grotta dei Rugli); length of anteromedian macrosetae
<quantity id="4C8F9B32FF95F91D6F49FD701CBFA36C" box="[1095,1262,764,788]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="126" pageNumber="127" unit="mm" value="0.12" valueMax="0.13" valueMin="0.11">0.11–0.13 mm</quantity>
. Chaetotaxy of tergites
<date id="FFC91017FF95F91D6BFBFCAC1911A34F" box="[245,320,799,823]" pageId="126" pageNumber="127">I–X 4</date>
:4:4:4:6:6:6:6:6:4. Chaetotaxy of sternites
<date id="FFC91017FF95F91D6821FCAC1BDEA34F" box="[815,911,799,823]" pageId="126" pageNumber="127" value="2010-02" valueMax="2010-10-31" valueMin="2010-02-10">II–X 10</date>
:(3)7–10(3):(2)7–8(2):8–9:6–7:6:6:6:7; genital opening of males flanked by 5–7 setae on each side. Chelicerae (figs 245–247) 2.05–2.55 times as long as broad, palm with 6 (rarely 5) setae and 2 or 3 microsetae laterally; fixed finger with 8–12 teeth proximally reduced in size and few proximal microtubercles; movable finger with 6–10 teeth and an isolated subapical tooth (
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FF95F91D6FE6FC001CAFA3DC" box="[1256,1278,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="126" pageNumber="127">di</emphasis>
), in females a little proximal with respect to the spinneret;
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FF95F91D6998FC3C1AFDA3B0" box="[662,684,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="126" pageNumber="127">gl</emphasis>
ratio 0.53–0.57; spinneret almost absent in males, prominent and apically rounded in females; rallum with 11 blades. Coxal setae: pedipalp 5 (including 2 on manducatory process),
<date id="FFC91017FF95F91D6B99FC7518E8A477" box="[151,185,1015,1040]" pageId="126" pageNumber="127">I 3</date>
+ 3 marginal microsetae,
<date id="FFC91017FF95F91D6AE3FC751A4AA477" box="[493,539,1015,1040]" pageId="126" pageNumber="127">II 4</date>
,
<date id="FFC91017FF95F91D6924FC751A31A477" box="[554,608,1015,1040]" pageId="126" pageNumber="127">III 5</date>
,
<date id="FFC91017FF95F91D697EFC751AF9A477" box="[624,680,1015,1040]" pageId="126" pageNumber="127">IV 6</date>
; coxa II with 8–13 coxal spines, coxa III with 3–8 coxal spines; intercoxal tubercle bisetose. Pedipalp: femur 7.2–8.6 (3), 6.1–8.2 (Ƥ) times as long as broad; chela (figs 248–251) 6.7–7.6 (3), 5.45–6.9 (Ƥ) times as long as deep; hand of chela 2.7–3.1 (3), 2.3–2.9 (Ƥ) times as long as deep, weakly depressed proximally trichobothria
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FF95F91D6972FBE81AEDA404" box="[636,700,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="126" pageNumber="127">ib-isb</emphasis>
; fixed chelal finger with 13–17 triangular, large and pointed teeth but the proximal one, rounded, all teeth with dental canals; base of fixed finger with 8–11 microtubercles; tip of fixed chelal finger with a modified accessory tooth (
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FF95F91D69D1FB201AA4A4BC" box="[735,757,1196,1220]" italics="true" pageId="126" pageNumber="127">td</emphasis>
) on antiaxial face; fixed chelal finger at level of
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FF95F91D6E18FB211D1FA4BC" box="[1302,1358,1197,1220]" italics="true" pageId="126" pageNumber="127">est-it</emphasis>
with 3 (rarely 4) teeth occupying
<quantity id="4C8F9B32FF95F91D6AC9FB431A4FA490" box="[455,542,1231,1256]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="126" pageNumber="127" unit="mm" value="0.1">0.1 mm</quantity>
(distance between successive apices
<quantity id="4C8F9B32FF95F91D68C6FB431CDCA49F" box="[968,1165,1231,1255]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" metricValueMax="3.1" metricValueMin="2.7" pageId="126" pageNumber="127" unit="mm" value="0.028999999999999998" valueMax="0.031" valueMin="0.027">0.027–0.031 mm</quantity>
); distal half of movable chelal finger with 8–11 triangular, upright, pointed teeth—the proximal one sometimes reduced and rounded—all with dental canals; marginal lamina, distad of
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FF95F91D69A6FA941A99A548" box="[680,712,1304,1328]" italics="true" pageId="126" pageNumber="127">sb,</emphasis>
thick and mostly straight, rarely irregularly undulated; coupled sensilla
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FF95F91D6BFDFAB1195FA52C" box="[243,270,1341,1364]" italics="true" pageId="126" pageNumber="127">pc</emphasis>
variable in position between
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FF95F91D6950FAB01A26A52C" box="[606,631,1340,1364]" italics="true" pageId="126" pageNumber="127">sb</emphasis>
and halfway between
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FF95F91D6876FAB01BD7A52C" box="[888,902,1340,1364]" italics="true" pageId="126" pageNumber="127">b</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FF95F91D68B1FAB01B89A52C" box="[959,984,1340,1364]" italics="true" pageId="126" pageNumber="127">sb</emphasis>
; trichobothria as in figs 249–251; basal apodeme of movable chelal finger strongly sclerotized, rectangular and thin; trichobothria
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FF95F91D6F82FAEC1CA8A500" box="[1164,1273,1376,1400]" italics="true" pageId="126" pageNumber="127">eb-esb-ist</emphasis>
mostly placed in a straight line, rarely
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FF95F91D6AA8FA091990A5E4" box="[422,449,1413,1436]" italics="true" pageId="126" pageNumber="127">ist</emphasis>
proximad of line
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FF95F91D6983FA081A87A5E4" box="[653,726,1412,1436]" italics="true" pageId="126" pageNumber="127">eb-esb</emphasis>
; ratio of movable finger/hand of chela 1.3–1.55 (3Ƥ); ratio of pedipalpal femur/movable finger 1.2–1.3 (3Ƥ); ratio of pedipalpal femur/carapace 1.6–1.85 (3), 1.3–1.7 (Ƥ).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC836D7FF95F91D6BC9FA411A03A60C" blockId="126.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="126" pageNumber="127">Measurements (in mm). Body length 1.45–1.78 (3) 1.4–1.95 (Ƥ). Carapace 0.45–0.54 × 0.43–0.50 (3), 0.41– 0.60 × 0.38–0.55 (Ƥ). Chelicerae 0.41–0.51 × 0.18–0.20 (3), 0.35–0.55 × 0.16–0.235 (Ƥ), movable finger length 0.20–0.26 (3), 0.175–0.27 (Ƥ). Pedipalp: femur 0.72–0.95 × 0.10–0.11 (3), 0.55–1.02 × 0.09–0.125 (Ƥ); chela 1.0–1.29 × 0.15–0.17 (3), 0.77–1.39 × 0.13–0.21 (Ƥ); hand length 0.41–0.52 (3), 0.31–0.57 (Ƥ); movable finger length 0.60–0.745 (3), 0.455–0.80 (Ƥ).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC836D7FF95F91D6BC9F9F3189EA7A4" blockId="126.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="126" pageNumber="127">
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FF95F91D6BC9F9F31A57A6E0" bold="true" box="[199,518,1663,1688]" pageId="126" pageNumber="127">Description of tritonymph.</emphasis>
Integument depigmented, hispid granulation less marked than in adults. Carapace 1.1 times longer than broad, no eyes or eye-spots, no epistome; chaetotaxy m
<quantity id="4C8F9B32FF95F91D68FAF9281C4EA6C4" box="[1012,1055,1700,1724]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="126" pageNumber="127" unit="m" value="4.0">4m</quantity>
:6:4:2:2(18). Chaetotaxy of tergites as in adults. Chaetotaxy of sternites
<date id="FFC91017FF95F91D6959F9441AFBA6A7" box="[599,682,1735,1759]" pageId="126" pageNumber="127">II–X 5</date>
:(2)8(2):(1)6(1):7:6:6:6:6:7. Cheliceral palm with 5 setae and 2 microsetae laterally; spinneret prominent as in females. Coxal setae: pedipalp 5 (including 2 on manducatory process),
<date id="FFC91017FF95F91D6A0CF89D1971A75F" box="[258,288,1807,1832]" pageId="126" pageNumber="127">I 3</date>
+ 2 marginal microsetae,
<date id="FFC91017FF95F91D694BF89D1A3FA75F" box="[581,622,1807,1832]" pageId="126" pageNumber="127">II 4</date>
,
<date id="FFC91017FF95F91D6974F89D1AFCA75F" box="[634,685,1807,1832]" pageId="126" pageNumber="127">III 5</date>
,
<date id="FFC91017FF95F91D69B4F89D1ABFA75F" box="[698,750,1807,1832]" pageId="126" pageNumber="127">IV 5</date>
; intercoxal tubercle bisetose. Pedipalp: femur 6.2–6.65 times as long as broad; chela (see Gardini 1990, fig. 16) 6.3 times as long as deep; hand of chela 2.6–2.7 times as long as deep; fixed finger with 14 large, triangular teeth and 7–8 proximal microtubercles; tip of fixed chelal finger with a modified accessory tooth (
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FF95F91D6ACFF8F01986A7EC" box="[449,471,1916,1940]" italics="true" pageId="126" pageNumber="127">td</emphasis>
) on antiaxial face; movable chelal finger with 8 triangular teeth; coupled sensilla
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FF95F91D6E60F8F11DD8A7EC" box="[1390,1417,1917,1940]" italics="true" pageId="126" pageNumber="127">pc</emphasis>
a little distad of
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FF95F91D6A31F82C191CA7C0" box="[319,333,1952,1976]" italics="true" pageId="126" pageNumber="127">b</emphasis>
; ratio of movable finger/hand of chela 1.36–1.41; ratio of pedipalpal femur/movable finger 1.2– 1.25.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC836D7FF94F91C6BC9FF141B23A0AC" blockId="127.[151,1436,151,573]" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">Measurements (in mm). Body length 1.4. Pedipalp: femur 0.59–0.665 × 0.095–0.10; chela 0.85–0.91 × 0.135– 0.145; hand length 0.36–0.375; movable finger length 0.49–0.53.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36D655CFF94F9E26BC9FF6C195AA147" lastPageId="129" lastPageNumber="130" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BC836D7FF94F91C6BC9FF6C1B94A244" blockId="127.[151,1436,151,573]" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FF94F91C6BC9FF6C196AA080" bold="true" box="[199,315,224,248]" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">Remarks.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C774D54FF94F91C6A4FFF6C1A12A080" box="[321,579,224,248]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Chthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="troglophilus">
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FF94F91C6A4FFF6C1A12A080" box="[321,579,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">Chthonius troglophilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was redescribed from
<typeStatus id="54CC8875FF94F91C684EFF6C1B21A080" box="[832,880,224,248]" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">type</typeStatus>
material and further specimens from the Ligurian Alps and pre-Alps by Gardini (1990). In the same paper he described the hypogean species
<taxonomicName id="4C774D54FF94F91C6FA5FE891D7DA164" box="[1195,1324,260,284]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Chthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cavicola">
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FF94F91C6FA5FE891D7DA164" box="[1195,1324,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">C. cavicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, from the same geographical area, based on a single female showing the carapace with 6 macrosetae on the median row (as opposed to 4, the normal number in all species of the
<taxonomicName id="4C774D54FF94F91C6808FEC11BF6A11C" box="[774,935,332,356]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Chthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuscimanus">
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FF94F91C6808FEC11BF6A11C" box="[774,935,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">C. fuscimanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group) and dimensions a little smaller than those of
<taxonomicName id="4C774D54FF94F91C6BF5FEFC19F7A1F0" box="[251,422,368,392]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Chthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="troglophilus">
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FF94F91C6BF5FEFC19F7A1F0" box="[251,422,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">C. troglophilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Examination of further material from Imperia Province and Piedmont, together with an endogean specimen (the smallest of all) from Vendone (Savona Prov.) extends the dimensional limits of
<taxonomicName id="4C774D54FF94F91C6E8CFE19194EA1A8" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Chthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="troglophilus">
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FF94F91C6E8CFE19194EA1A8" italics="true" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">C. troglophilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and leads me to suppose that the unusual chaetotaxy of carapace in
<typeStatus id="54CC8875FF94F91C6F1BFE3B1C26A1B7" box="[1045,1143,439,463]" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C774D54FF94F91C6F92FE341D4AA1A8" box="[1180,1307,440,464]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Chthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cavicola">
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FF94F91C6F92FE341D4AA1A8" box="[1180,1307,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">C. cavicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a chance variation (the female from the near Grotta degli Strassasacchi, Rocchetta Nervina, shows the standard chaetotaxy 4:6:4:2:2). The following synonymy is therefore proposed:
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FF94F91C685AFD8C1BAFA260" box="[852,1022,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">
<taxonomicName id="4C774D54FF94F91C685AFD8C1B96A260" box="[852,967,512,536]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Chthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Chthonius</taxonomicName>
(E.)
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C774D54FF94F91C6F04FD8C1D47A26F" authority="Gardini, 1990" authorityName="Gardini" authorityYear="1990" box="[1034,1302,511,536]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Chthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cavicola">
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FF94F91C6F04FD8C1C38A260" box="[1034,1129,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">cavicola</emphasis>
Gardini, 1990
</taxonomicName>
is a junior subjective synonym of
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FF94F91C6A95FDA81A11A244" box="[411,576,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">
<taxonomicName id="4C774D54FF94F91C6A95FDA81A5FA244" box="[411,526,548,572]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Chthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Chthonius</taxonomicName>
(E.)
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C774D54FF94F91C6949FDA81B09A244" authority="Beier, 1930" authorityName="Beier" authorityYear="1930" box="[583,856,548,572]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Chthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="troglophilus">
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FF94F91C6949FDA81A9EA244" box="[583,719,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">troglophilus</emphasis>
Beier, 1930
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FF94F91C6866FDA81BE5A244" bold="true" box="[872,948,548,572]" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">n. syn.</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF08665FFF94F91C6B99F80C1CEDA78B" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223414/files/figure.png" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" targetBox="[168,1390,615,1919]" targetPageId="127">
<paragraph id="8BC836D7FF94F91C6B99F80C1CEDA78B" blockId="127.[151,1436,1920,2035]" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FF94F91C6B99F80C1938A7EE" bold="true" box="[151,361,1920,1943]" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">FIGURES 242–248</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FF94F91C6A76F80C1A5EA7EE" box="[376,527,1920,1942]" italics="true" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">
<taxonomicName id="4C774D54FF94F91C6A76F80C19B1A7EE" box="[376,480,1920,1942]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Chthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Chthonius</taxonomicName>
(E.)
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C774D54FF94F91C6916F80C1B47A7EE" authority="Beier, 1930" authorityName="Beier" authorityYear="1930" box="[536,790,1920,1942]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Chthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="troglophilus">
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FF94F91C6916F80C1AC2A7EE" box="[536,659,1920,1942]" italics="true" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">troglophilus</emphasis>
Beier, 1930
</taxonomicName>
. 242, male (Tana do Scovero, 24.IV.1986), anterior margin of carapace; 243, female (holotype of
<taxonomicName id="4C774D54FF94F91C690BF82C1A2BA7CD" box="[517,634,1951,1973]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Chthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cavicola">
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FF94F91C690BF82C1A2BA7CD" box="[517,634,1951,1973]" italics="true" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">C. cavicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), id.; 244, id., anterolateral portion of carapace; 245, male (Tana do Scovero, 24.IV.1986), right chelicera; 246, female (Grotta sopra la Cava, 8.X.1985), id.; 247, female (holotype of
<taxonomicName id="4C774D54FF94F91C6FB1F8321D62A7AC" box="[1215,1331,1982,2004]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Chthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cavicola">
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FF94F91C6FB1F8321D62A7AC" box="[1215,1331,1982,2004]" italics="true" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">C. cavicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), id.; 248, male (Tana do Scovero, 24.IV.1986), tip of fixed chelal finger, dorsal view (redrawn after Gardini 1990).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF08665FFF6BF9E36B99F8F319F9A7AA" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223415/files/figure.png" pageId="128" pageNumber="129" targetBox="[193,1383,215,1884]" targetPageId="128">
<paragraph id="8BC836D7FF6BF9E36B99F8F319F9A7AA" blockId="128.[151,1436,1919,2003]" pageId="128" pageNumber="129">
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FF6BF9E36B99F8F31939A7ED" bold="true" box="[151,360,1919,1942]" pageId="128" pageNumber="129">FIGURES 249–251</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FF6BF9E36A76F8F31A5EA7ED" box="[376,527,1919,1941]" italics="true" pageId="128" pageNumber="129">
<taxonomicName id="4C774D54FF6BF9E36A76F8F319B1A7ED" box="[376,480,1919,1941]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Chthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="128" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Chthonius</taxonomicName>
(E.)
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C774D54FF6BF9E36916F8F31B46A7ED" authority="Beier, 1930" authorityName="Beier" authorityYear="1930" box="[536,791,1919,1941]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Chthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="128" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="troglophilus">
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FF6BF9E36916F8F31AC2A7ED" box="[536,659,1919,1941]" italics="true" pageId="128" pageNumber="129">troglophilus</emphasis>
Beier, 1930
</taxonomicName>
. 249, male (Tana do Scovero, 24.IV.1986), right chela, lateral view; 250, female (Grotta sopra la Cava, 8.X.1985), id.; 251, female (holotype of
<taxonomicName id="4C774D54FF6BF9E368F1F8131C27A7CC" box="[1023,1142,1950,1972]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Chthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="128" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cavicola">
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FF6BF9E368F1F8131C27A7CC" box="[1023,1142,1950,1972]" italics="true" pageId="128" pageNumber="129">C. cavicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), id. (redrawn after Gardini 1990). (Scale bar 0.1 mm).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BC836D7FF6AF9E26BC9FF14195AA147" blockId="129.[151,1436,151,320]" pageId="129" pageNumber="130">
Among the species of the
<taxonomicName id="4C774D54FF6AF9E26AFBFF141ABEA0C8" box="[501,751,152,176]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Chthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="129" pageNumber="130" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuscimanus">
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FF6AF9E26AFBFF141ABEA0C8" box="[501,751,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="129" pageNumber="130">Chthonius fuscimanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group,
<taxonomicName id="4C774D54FF6AF9E26844FF141BA4A0C8" box="[842,1013,152,176]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Chthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="129" pageNumber="130" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="troglophilus">
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FF6AF9E26844FF141BA4A0C8" box="[842,1013,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="129" pageNumber="130">C. troglophilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is related to the epigean
<taxonomicName id="4C774D54FF6AF9E26E14FF141D2EA0C8" box="[1306,1407,152,176]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Chthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="129" pageNumber="130" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nanus">
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FF6AF9E26E14FF141D2EA0C8" box="[1306,1407,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="129" pageNumber="130">C. nanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, a widespread species in the same geographical area, from which it evidently differs in troglomorphic characters.
<taxonomicName id="4C774D54FF6AF9E26BC9FF6C1923A080" box="[199,370,224,248]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Chthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="129" pageNumber="130" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="troglophilus">
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FF6AF9E26BC9FF6C1923A080" box="[199,370,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="129" pageNumber="130">C. troglophilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is closely related to the hypogean
<taxonomicName id="4C774D54FF6AF9E26806FF6C1B29A080" box="[776,888,224,248]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Chthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="129" pageNumber="130" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gestroi">
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FF6AF9E26806FF6C1B29A080" box="[776,888,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="129" pageNumber="130">C. gestroi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from western Liguria (Finalese), from which it differs in the more moderate troglomorphic facies. For a comparison between the two species, see Remarks under
<taxonomicName id="4C774D54FF6AF9E26B99FEA41955A138" box="[151,260,296,320]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Chthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="129" pageNumber="130" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gestroi">
<emphasis id="B903EAC5FF6AF9E26B99FEA41955A138" box="[151,260,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="129" pageNumber="130">C. gestroi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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