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<document id="00FD509AD308CD1837466B3EAAA0488C" ID-CLB-Dataset="7931" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4878.3.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="288c6fc9-269b-468f-8811-d79d4350f6e4" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4425132" ID-ZooBank="4F59F5B2-CFDB-4819-AF83-0EF232328F8D" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1610039812786" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran &amp; Agís, José Ansín" docDate="2020" docId="03DE879D1C1B337846B2C44EA07F6EA3" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4878.3.2.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4878 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Earleria panicula" docType="treatment" docVersion="13" lastPageNumber="422" masterDocId="FFE7FFE51C1133724625C569A205683E" masterDocTitle="Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Mauritanian Coral Mounds" masterLastPageNumber="466" masterPageNumber="412" pageNumber="422" updateTime="1698923825618" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
<mods:mods id="A16D86E0F7E22C63A30BC1011A46C585" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:title id="267E9992022567CBAD9C1EA0DBD226D9">Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Mauritanian Coral Mounds</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="D3157F3441E022E37420E43B0942D60B" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="55F3EA708BC1B183A1C15DDF22498987">Gil, Marta</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="985F75A3B618CB196CA94BE76F7B0C0E">Departamento de Ecoloxía e Bioloxía Animal, Facultade de Ciencias do Mar e Centro de Investigación Mariña (CIM-UVigo), Universidade de Vigo. Campus Lagoas-Marcosende. 36310 Vigo. Spain. &amp; Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo. Subida Radio Faro 50. 36390 Vigo. Spain.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="2DE963F719A41340C0CA4CC4C95E82B5">Ramil, Fran</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="3D3D17E5DD0F4A55FF7B58AD0FC6DB6D">Departamento de Ecoloxía e Bioloxía Animal, Facultade de Ciencias do Mar e Centro de Investigación Mariña (CIM-UVigo), Universidade de Vigo. Campus Lagoas-Marcosende. 36310 Vigo. Spain. &amp; framil @ uvigo. es</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="2B01DC513F43BF9BA531E7AA63D89FE4">Agís, José Ansín</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="5D693EF0357BCD63BD84A5DAB23BB0BE">Departamento de Ecoloxía e Bioloxía Animal, Facultade de Ciencias do Mar e Centro de Investigación Mariña (CIM-UVigo), Universidade de Vigo. Campus Lagoas-Marcosende. 36310 Vigo. Spain. &amp; ansinjose @ gmail. com</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="CCFEAE9E53A3CF75414B7D40208BD78D">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="A77A84A91093626EB26218A9D86E3739">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="8B6336D03F89EFE165FBC0D71786E3F1">4878</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03DE879D1C1B337846B2C44EA07F6EA3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4426111" ID-GBIF-Taxon="180323435" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4426111" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DE879D1C1B337846B2C44EA07F6EA3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DE879D1C1B337846B2C44EA07F6EA3" lastPageNumber="422" pageId="10" pageNumber="422">
<subSubSection id="C36D65001C1B337846B2C44EA048697F" box="[151,589,295,322]" pageId="10" pageNumber="422" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BC8368B1C1B337846B2C44EA048697F" blockId="10.[151,589,295,322]" box="[151,589,295,322]" pageId="10" pageNumber="422">
<heading id="D08081E71C1B337846B2C44EA048697F" bold="true" box="[151,589,295,322]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="422" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C774D081C1B337846B2C44EA048697F" ID-CoL="38BRB" authority="(G. O. Sars, 1874)" baseAuthorityName="G. O. Sars" baseAuthorityYear="1874" box="[151,589,295,322]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Mitrocomidae" genus="Earleria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="10" pageNumber="422" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="panicula">
<emphasis id="B903EA991C1B337846B2C44EA048697F" bold="true" box="[151,589,295,322]" pageId="10" pageNumber="422">
<emphasis id="B903EA991C1B337846B2C44EA36B697C" bold="true" box="[151,366,295,322]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="422">Earleria panicula</emphasis>
(G.O.
<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B7A1C1B337847E7C44EA041697F" author="Sars, G. O." box="[450,580,295,321]" pageId="10" pageNumber="422" pagination="91 - 150" refId="ref44574" refString="Sars, G. O. (1874) Bidrag til Kundskaben om Norges Hydroider. Forhandlinger i Videnskabs-Selskabet i Kristiana, 1873, 91 - 150." type="journal article" year="1874">Sars, 1874</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36D65001C1B337846B2C405A0DE6A23" pageId="10" pageNumber="422" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BC8368B1C1B337846B2C405A0F369BA" blockId="10.[151,1437,363,541]" box="[151,758,363,388]" pageId="10" pageNumber="422">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB6711A51C1B337846B2C405A0F369BA" box="[151,758,363,388]" pageId="10" pageNumber="422">
<treatmentCitation id="0AD6109A1C1B337846B2C405A0A669BA" author="Cornelius, P. F. S." box="[151,675,363,388]" page="192" pageId="10" pageNumber="422" year="1995">
<taxonomicName id="4C774D081C1B337846B2C405A0A669BA" authority=": Cornelius, 1995 a: 190 - 192" authorityName="Cornelius" authorityPageNumber="190 - 192" authorityYear="1995" box="[151,675,363,388]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulinidae" genus="Campanulina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="10" pageNumber="422" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="panicula">
<emphasis id="B903EA991C1B337846B2C405A38569BA" box="[151,384,364,388]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="422">Campanulina panicula</emphasis>
:
<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B7A1C1B337847A8C405A0A669BA" author="Cornelius, P. F. S." box="[397,675,363,388]" pageId="10" pageNumber="422" pagination="1 - 347" refId="ref39025" refString="Cornelius, P. F. S. (1995 a) North-West European Thecate Hydroids and their Medusae. Part 1. Part 1. Introduction, Laodiceidae to Haleciidae. Synopses of the British Fauna, New Series, 50, 1 - 347." type="journal article" year="1995">Cornelius, 1995a: 190–192</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 43.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC8368B1C1B337846B2C4E3A05769FF" blockId="10.[151,1437,363,541]" pageId="10" pageNumber="422">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB6711A51C1B337846B2C4E3A05769FF" pageId="10" pageNumber="422">
<treatmentCitation id="0AD6109A1C1B337846B2C4E3A0C6699C" author="Christiansen, B. O." box="[151,707,394,418]" page="292" pageId="10" pageNumber="422" year="1972">
<taxonomicName id="4C774D081C1B337846B2C4E3A0C6699C" authority=": Christiansen, 1972: 291 - 292" authorityName="Christiansen" authorityPageNumber="291 - 292" authorityYear="1972" box="[151,707,394,418]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulinidae" genus="Opercularella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="10" pageNumber="422" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="panicula">
<emphasis id="B903EA991C1B337846B2C4E3A382699C" box="[151,391,394,418]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="422">Opercularella panicula</emphasis>
:
<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B7A1C1B337847B2C4E3A0C6699C" author="Christiansen, B. O." box="[407,707,394,418]" pageId="10" pageNumber="422" pagination="279 - 310" refId="ref38746" refString="Christiansen, B. O. (1972). The hydroid fauna of the Oslo Fjord in Norway. Norwegian Journal of Zoology, 20, 279 - 310." type="journal article" year="1972">Christiansen, 1972: 291–292</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0AD6109A1C1B337844F5C4E3A196699C" author="Leloup, E." box="[720,915,394,418]" page="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="422" year="1974">
<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B7A1C1B337844F5C4E3A196699C" author="Leloup, E." box="[720,915,394,418]" pageId="10" pageNumber="422" pagination="1 - 62" refId="ref41481" refString="Leloup, E. (1974) Hydropolypes calyptoblastiques du Chili. Report no. 48 of the Lund University Chile Expedition 1948 - 1949. Sarsia, 55, 1 - 62. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00364827.1974.10411252" type="journal article" year="1974">Leloup, 1974: 4–6</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 3;
<treatmentCitation id="0AD6109A1C1B337845CDC4E3A729699C" author="Ramil, F. &amp; Iglesias, A." box="[1000,1324,394,418]" page="79" pageId="10" pageNumber="422" year="1988">
<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B7A1C1B337845CDC4E3A729699C" author="Ramil, F. &amp; Iglesias, A." box="[1000,1324,394,418]" pageId="10" pageNumber="422" pagination="79 - 82" refId="ref43497" refString="Ramil, F. &amp; Iglesias, A. (1988) Sobre la presencia de Opercularella panicula (Sars, 1873) (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) en las costas de la Peninsula Iberica. Thalassas, 6, 79 - 82." type="journal article" year="1988">Ramil &amp; Iglesias, 1988: 79–81</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, figs. 1–2;
<treatmentCitation id="0AD6109A1C1B337846E2C4C0A00969FF" author="Ramil, F. &amp; Vervoort, W." box="[199,524,425,449]" page="25" pageId="10" pageNumber="422" year="1992">
<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B7A1C1B337846E2C4C0A00969FF" author="Ramil, F. &amp; Vervoort, W." box="[199,524,425,449]" pageId="10" pageNumber="422" pagination="1 - 262" refId="ref43541" refString="Ramil, F. &amp; Vervoort, W. (1992) Report on the Hydroida collected by the &quot; BALGIM &quot; expedition in and around the Strait of Gibraltar. Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden, 277, 1 - 262." type="journal article" year="1992">Ramil &amp; Vervoort, 1992: 25–27</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 3.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC8368B1C1B337846B2C4A1A0E969E1" blockId="10.[151,1437,363,541]" box="[151,748,455,480]" pageId="10" pageNumber="422">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB6711A51C1B337846B2C4A1A0E969E1" box="[151,748,455,480]" pageId="10" pageNumber="422">
<treatmentCitation id="0AD6109A1C1B337846B2C4A1A09669E1" author="Gili, J. M. &amp; Vervoort, W. &amp; Pages, F." box="[151,659,455,480]" page="76" pageId="10" pageNumber="422" year="1989">
<taxonomicName id="4C774D081C1B337846B2C4A1A09669E1" ID-CoL="6SNN5" authority=": Gili et al. 1989: 75 - 76" authorityName="Gili" authorityPageNumber="75 - 76" authorityYear="1989" box="[151,659,455,480]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulinidae" genus="Opercularella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="10" pageNumber="422" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="denticulata">
<emphasis id="B903EA991C1B337846B2C4A1A39869DE" box="[151,413,456,480]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="422">Opercularella denticulata</emphasis>
:
<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B7A1C1B3378478EC4A1A09669E1" author="Gili, J. M. &amp; Vervoort, W. &amp; Pages, F." box="[427,659,455,480]" pageId="10" pageNumber="422" pagination="67 - 112" refId="ref39945" refString="Gili, J. M., Vervoort, W. &amp; Pages, F. (1989) Hydroids from the West African coast: Guinea Bissau, Namibia and South Africa. Scientia Marina, 53 (1), 67 - 112." type="journal article" year="1989">
Gili
<emphasis id="B903EA991C1B337847FDC4A1A00969DE" box="[472,524,456,480]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="422">et al.</emphasis>
1989: 75–76
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 6A.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC8368B1C1B337846B2C48EA09669C0" blockId="10.[151,1437,363,541]" box="[151,659,486,510]" pageId="10" pageNumber="422">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB6711A51C1B337846B2C48EA09669C0" box="[151,659,486,510]" pageId="10" pageNumber="422">
<treatmentCitation id="0AD6109A1C1B337846B2C48EA04569C0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5248524" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5248524" author="Calder, D. R." box="[151,576,486,510]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C8247ED01BFF95FF62FF3AFB962E80" page="26" pageId="10" pageNumber="422" year="2012">
<taxonomicName id="4C774D081C1B337846B2C48EA04569C0" authority=": Calder, 2012: 26" authorityName=": Calder" authorityPageNumber="26" authorityYear="2012" box="[151,576,486,510]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulinidae" genus="Racemoramus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="10" pageNumber="422" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="panicula">
<emphasis id="B903EA991C1B337846B2C48EA38269C0" box="[151,391,486,510]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="422">Racemoramus panicula</emphasis>
:
<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B7A1C1B337847B1C48FA04569C0" author="Calder, D. R." box="[404,576,486,510]" pageId="10" pageNumber="422" pagination="1 - 77" refId="ref38514" refString="Calder, D. R. (2012) On a collection of hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Hydroidolina) from the west coast of Sweden, with a checklist of species from the region. Zootaxa, 3171 (1), 1 - 77. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3171.1.1" type="journal article" year="2012">Calder, 2012: 26</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 24.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC8368B1C1B337846B2C76CA0DE6A23" blockId="10.[151,1437,363,541]" box="[151,731,517,541]" pageId="10" pageNumber="422">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB6711A51C1B337846B2C76CA0DE6A23" box="[151,731,517,541]" pageId="10" pageNumber="422">
<treatmentCitation id="0AD6109A1C1B337846B2C76CA0746A23" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5629179" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5629179" author="Schuchert, P. &amp; Hosia, A. &amp; Leclere, L." box="[151,625,517,541]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E67851FF89FFE531A5FEC0E0E96F4A" page="177" pageId="10" pageNumber="422" year="2017">
<taxonomicName id="4C774D081C1B337846B2C76CA0746A23" ID-CoL="38BRD" authority=": Schuchert et al. 2017: 177" authorityName="Schuchert" authorityPageNumber="177" authorityYear="2017" box="[151,625,517,541]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Mitrocomidae" genus="Earleria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="10" pageNumber="422" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="quadrata">
<emphasis id="B903EA991C1B337846B2C76CA3556A23" box="[151,336,517,541]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="422">Earleria quadrata</emphasis>
:
<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B7A1C1B3378477BC76CA0746A23" author="Schuchert, P. &amp; Hosia, A. &amp; Leclere, L." box="[350,625,517,541]" pageId="10" pageNumber="422" pagination="167 - 182" refId="ref45006" refString="Schuchert, P., Hosia, A. &amp; Leclere, L. (2017) Identification of the polyp stage of three leptomedusa species using DNA barcoding. Revue suisse de Zoologie, 124 (1), 167 - 182." type="journal article" year="2017">
Schuchert
<emphasis id="B903EA991C1B337847ECC76FA3F36A23" box="[457,502,517,541]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="422">et al</emphasis>
. 2017: 177
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
, figs. 5–6.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36D65001C1B337846B2C722A2C16AEC" pageId="10" pageNumber="422" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BC8368B1C1B337846B2C722A3FF6AB7" blockId="10.[151,1437,587,1694]" pageId="10" pageNumber="422">
<emphasis id="B903EA991C1B337846B2C722A3816A5B" bold="true" box="[151,388,587,613]" pageId="10" pageNumber="422">Material examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B1F3CD61C1B337847ABC722A3F06AB7" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3044195320" collectingDate="2009-12-05" collectionCode="MUDR" elevation="462" latitude="16.147223" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-16.95028" pageId="10" pageNumber="422" specimenCode="MUDR02" specimenCount="1">
MAURIT-0911, stn
<specimenCode id="DBD19EF01C1B33784453C722A0EC6A5B" box="[630,745,587,613]" collectionCode="MUDR" pageId="10" pageNumber="422">MUDR02</specimenCode>
,
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,
<geoCoordinate id="EE43504C1C1B337845B5C722A6186A58" box="[912,1053,587,614]" degrees="16" direction="west" minutes="57" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="422" precision="15" seconds="01" value="-16.95028">16º57´01”W</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4C8F9B6E1C1B3378420EC722A6726A58" box="[1067,1143,587,614]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.62" pageId="10" pageNumber="422" unit="m" value="462.0">
<elevation id="005AD1B81C1B3378420EC722A6726A58" box="[1067,1143,587,614]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.62" pageId="10" pageNumber="422" unit="m" value="462.0">462 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="FFC9104B1C1B337842A2C722A70F6A58" box="[1159,1290,587,614]" pageId="10" pageNumber="422" value="2009-12-05">
<collectingDate id="EF8DE9A31C1B337842A2C722A70F6A58" box="[1159,1290,587,614]" pageId="10" pageNumber="422" value="2009-12-05">5-XII-2009</collectingDate>
</date>
: one colony, badly damaged, no gonothecae
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC8368B1C1B337846E2C7FAA2C16AEC" blockId="10.[151,1437,587,1694]" pageId="10" pageNumber="422">
<materialsCitation id="3B1F3CD61C1B337846E2C7FAA2C56AEC" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3044195317" collectingDate="2009-12-12" collectionCode="MUDR" elevation="460" latitude="18.594444" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-16.720001" pageId="10" pageNumber="422" specimenCode="MUDR07" specimenCount="1">
MAURIT-0911, stn
<specimenCode id="DBD19EF01C1B33784788C7FAA0256A93" box="[429,544,659,685]" collectionCode="MUDR" pageId="10" pageNumber="422">MUDR07</specimenCode>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE43504C1C1B33784408C7FAA0B16A90" box="[557,692,659,686]" degrees="18" direction="north" minutes="35" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="422" precision="15" seconds="40" value="18.594444">18º35´40”N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE43504C1C1B33784498C7FAA14F6A93" box="[701,842,659,685]" degrees="16" direction="west" minutes="43" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="422" precision="15" seconds="12" value="-16.720001">16º43´12”W</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4C8F9B6E1C1B33784572C7FAA1A76A90" box="[855,930,659,686]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.6" pageId="10" pageNumber="422" unit="m" value="460.0">
<elevation id="005AD1B81C1B33784572C7FAA1A76A90" box="[855,930,659,686]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.6" pageId="10" pageNumber="422" unit="m" value="460.0">460 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="FFC9104B1C1B33784595C7FAA6476A93" box="[944,1090,659,685]" pageId="10" pageNumber="422" value="2009-12-12">
<collectingDate id="EF8DE9A31C1B33784595C7FAA6476A93" box="[944,1090,659,685]" pageId="10" pageNumber="422" value="2009-12-12">12-XII-2009</collectingDate>
</date>
: one colony, without gonothecae
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36D65001C1B337846E2C7B2A0B46BBB" pageId="10" pageNumber="422" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BC8368B1C1B337846E2C7B2A37A6B5F" blockId="10.[151,1437,587,1694]" pageId="10" pageNumber="422">
<emphasis id="B903EA991C1B337846E2C7B2A3226ACB" bold="true" box="[199,295,731,757]" pageId="10" pageNumber="422">Biology.</emphasis>
The species can colonize a great variety of substrata, such as hydroids, brachiopods, pennatulids, bivalves, dead corals, polychaete tubes and ascidians (
<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B7A1C1B33784527C796A1C46B24" author="Cornelius, P. F. S." box="[770,961,767,794]" pageId="10" pageNumber="422" pagination="1 - 347" refId="ref39025" refString="Cornelius, P. F. S. (1995 a) North-West European Thecate Hydroids and their Medusae. Part 1. Part 1. Introduction, Laodiceidae to Haleciidae. Synopses of the British Fauna, New Series, 50, 1 - 347." type="journal article" year="1995">Cornelius 1995a</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B7A1C1B337845EBC796A65B6B27" author="Calder, D. R." box="[974,1118,767,793]" pageId="10" pageNumber="422" pagination="1 - 77" refId="ref38514" refString="Calder, D. R. (2012) On a collection of hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Hydroidolina) from the west coast of Sweden, with a checklist of species from the region. Zootaxa, 3171 (1), 1 - 77. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3171.1.1" type="journal article" year="2012">Calder 2012</bibRefCitation>
). Fertile colonies have been found in April, June, August, November and December (
<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B7A1C1B3378452BC64AA61F6B03" author="Ramil, F. &amp; Vervoort, W." box="[782,1050,803,830]" pageId="10" pageNumber="422" pagination="1 - 262" refId="ref43541" refString="Ramil, F. &amp; Vervoort, W. (1992) Report on the Hydroida collected by the &quot; BALGIM &quot; expedition in and around the Strait of Gibraltar. Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden, 277, 1 - 262." type="journal article" year="1992">Ramil &amp; Vervoort 1992</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B7A1C1B33784203C64AA6D46B03" author="Gili, J. M. &amp; Vervoort, W. &amp; Pages, F." box="[1062,1233,803,829]" pageId="10" pageNumber="422" pagination="67 - 112" refId="ref39945" refString="Gili, J. M., Vervoort, W. &amp; Pages, F. (1989) Hydroids from the West African coast: Guinea Bissau, Namibia and South Africa. Scientia Marina, 53 (1), 67 - 112." type="journal article" year="1989">
Gili
<emphasis id="B903EA991C1B3378427DC64DA6956B03" box="[1112,1168,803,829]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="422">et al.</emphasis>
1989
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B7A1C1B337842F9C64AA79D6B00" author="Cornelius, P. F. S." box="[1244,1432,803,830]" pageId="10" pageNumber="422" pagination="1 - 347" refId="ref39025" refString="Cornelius, P. F. S. (1995 a) North-West European Thecate Hydroids and their Medusae. Part 1. Part 1. Introduction, Laodiceidae to Haleciidae. Synopses of the British Fauna, New Series, 50, 1 - 347." type="journal article" year="1995">Cornelius 1995a</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B7A1C1B337846B2C62EA3716B5F" author="Gil, M. &amp; Ramil, F." box="[151,372,839,865]" pageId="10" pageNumber="422" pagination="419 - 444" refId="ref39805" refString="Gil, M. &amp; Ramil, F. (2017 a) Hydrozoans from Mauritanian Deep-Waters. In: Ramos, A., Ramil, F. &amp; Sanz, J. L. (Eds.), Deep sea ecosystems off Mauritania: Researching marine biodiversity and habitats in West African Deep-waters. Springer, Dordrecht, pp. 419 - 444. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 94 - 024 - 1023 - 5 _ 11" type="book chapter" year="2017">Gil &amp; Ramil 2017a</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC8368B1C1B337846E2C602A0B46BBB" blockId="10.[151,1437,587,1694]" box="[199,689,875,902]" pageId="10" pageNumber="422">Gonothecae were not found in our material.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36D65001C1B337846E2C6E6A1466CF4" pageId="10" pageNumber="422" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BC8368B1C1B337846E2C6E6A7746C9B" blockId="10.[151,1437,587,1694]" pageId="10" pageNumber="422">
<emphasis id="B903EA991C1B337846E2C6E6A3646B97" bold="true" box="[199,353,911,937]" pageId="10" pageNumber="422">Distribution.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C774D081C1B3378474EC6E6A0326B97" baseAuthorityName="G. O. Sars" baseAuthorityYear="1874" box="[363,567,911,937]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Mitrocomidae" genus="Earleria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="10" pageNumber="422" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="panicula">
<emphasis id="B903EA991C1B3378474EC6E6A0326B97" box="[363,567,911,937]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="422">Earleria panicula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, including its synonyms
<taxonomicName id="4C774D081C1B3378457AC6E6A7256B97" authority="Clarke, 1907" authorityName="Clarke" authorityYear="1907" box="[863,1312,911,937]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulinidae" genus="Campanulina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="10" pageNumber="422" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="denticulata">
<emphasis id="B903EA991C1B3378457AC6E6A6846B97" box="[863,1153,911,937]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="422">Campanulina denticulata</emphasis>
Clarke, 1907
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C774D081C1B3378437BC6F9A3E86BF3" authority="Fraser, 1948" authorityName="Fraser" authorityYear="1948" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulinidae" genus="Campanulina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="10" pageNumber="422" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="indivisa">
<emphasis id="B903EA991C1B3378437BC6F9A35F6BF3" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="422">Campanulina indivisa</emphasis>
Fraser, 1948
</taxonomicName>
, was considered to be widely distributed in the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans at moderately deep to deep waters (
<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B7A1C1B33784427C6BEA1086BCF" author="Ramil, F. &amp; Vervoort, W." box="[514,781,983,1010]" pageId="10" pageNumber="422" pagination="1 - 262" refId="ref43541" refString="Ramil, F. &amp; Vervoort, W. (1992) Report on the Hydroida collected by the &quot; BALGIM &quot; expedition in and around the Strait of Gibraltar. Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden, 277, 1 - 262." type="journal article" year="1992">Ramil &amp; Vervoort 1992</bibRefCitation>
). Nevertheless,
<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B7A1C1B33784599C6BEA65D6BCF" author="Calder, D. R." box="[956,1112,983,1009]" pageId="10" pageNumber="422" pagination="1 - 77" refId="ref38514" refString="Calder, D. R. (2012) On a collection of hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Hydroidolina) from the west coast of Sweden, with a checklist of species from the region. Zootaxa, 3171 (1), 1 - 77. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3171.1.1" type="journal article" year="2012">Calder (2012)</bibRefCitation>
considered the material from the Pacific and Indian Oceans to be a different species (
<taxonomicName id="4C774D081C1B337844D8C695A6246C2B" box="[765,1057,1019,1045]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulinidae" genus="Racemoramus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="10" pageNumber="422" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="denticulata">
<emphasis id="B903EA991C1B337844D8C695A6246C2B" box="[765,1057,1019,1045]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="422">Racemoramus denticulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and, in consequence, the current distribution of
<taxonomicName id="4C774D081C1B33784718C149A3BB6C07" baseAuthorityName="G. O. Sars" baseAuthorityYear="1874" box="[317,446,1055,1081]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Mitrocomidae" genus="Earleria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="10" pageNumber="422" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="panicula">
<emphasis id="B903EA991C1B33784718C149A3BB6C07" box="[317,446,1055,1081]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="422">E. panicula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is restricted to the East Atlantic, from Trondheimfjord,
<collectingCountry id="F360761B1C1B33784208C149A6826C04" box="[1069,1159,1056,1082]" name="Norway" pageId="10" pageNumber="422">Norway</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B7A1C1B337842B3C176A7266C07" author="Calder, D. R." box="[1174,1315,1055,1081]" pageId="10" pageNumber="422" pagination="1 - 77" refId="ref38514" refString="Calder, D. R. (2012) On a collection of hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Hydroidolina) from the west coast of Sweden, with a checklist of species from the region. Zootaxa, 3171 (1), 1 - 77. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3171.1.1" type="journal article" year="2012">Calder 2012</bibRefCitation>
) to at least
<collectingCountry id="F360761B1C1B337846B2C12AA2F26C63" box="[151,247,1091,1117]" name="Namibia" pageId="10" pageNumber="422">Namibia</collectingCountry>
[
<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B7A1C1B33784723C12AA3B36C63" author="Gili, J. M. &amp; Vervoort, W. &amp; Pages, F." box="[262,438,1091,1117]" pageId="10" pageNumber="422" pagination="67 - 112" refId="ref39945" refString="Gili, J. M., Vervoort, W. &amp; Pages, F. (1989) Hydroids from the West African coast: Guinea Bissau, Namibia and South Africa. Scientia Marina, 53 (1), 67 - 112." type="journal article" year="1989">
Gili
<emphasis id="B903EA991C1B3378471EC12DA3716C63" box="[315,372,1091,1117]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="422">et al.</emphasis>
1989
</bibRefCitation>
, as
<taxonomicName id="4C774D081C1B337847C4C12AA1B16C63" authority="(Clarke, 1907)" baseAuthorityName="Clarke" baseAuthorityYear="1907" box="[481,948,1090,1117]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulinidae" genus="Opercularella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="10" pageNumber="422" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="denticulata">
<emphasis id="B903EA991C1B337847C4C12AA1066C63" box="[481,771,1091,1117]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="422">Opercularella denticulata</emphasis>
(Clarke, 1907)
</taxonomicName>
]. In West Africa, it was collected from
<collectingCountry id="F360761B1C1B33784349C12DA2D06CBC" name="Morocco" pageId="10" pageNumber="422">Morocco</collectingCountry>
[
<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B7A1C1B337846C6C10EA3F66CBF" author="Ramil, F. &amp; Vervoort, W." box="[227,499,1127,1154]" pageId="10" pageNumber="422" pagination="1 - 262" refId="ref43541" refString="Ramil, F. &amp; Vervoort, W. (1992) Report on the Hydroida collected by the &quot; BALGIM &quot; expedition in and around the Strait of Gibraltar. Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden, 277, 1 - 262." type="journal article" year="1992">Ramil &amp; Vervoort 1992</bibRefCitation>
, as
<taxonomicName id="4C774D081C1B33784438C10EA1B26CBF" authority="(Sars, 1874)" baseAuthorityName="Sars" baseAuthorityYear="1874" box="[541,951,1126,1153]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulinidae" genus="Opercularella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="10" pageNumber="422" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="panicula">
<emphasis id="B903EA991C1B33784438C10EA1216CBF" box="[541,804,1127,1153]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="422">Opercularella panicula</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B7A1C1B33784516C10EA1AA6CBF" author="Sars, G. O." box="[819,943,1126,1153]" pageId="10" pageNumber="422" pagination="91 - 150" refId="ref44574" refString="Sars, G. O. (1874) Bidrag til Kundskaben om Norges Hydroider. Forhandlinger i Videnskabs-Selskabet i Kristiana, 1873, 91 - 150." type="journal article" year="1874">Sars, 1874</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
] and
<collectingCountry id="F360761B1C1B337845D0C10EA6756CBF" box="[1013,1136,1127,1153]" name="Mauritania" pageId="10" pageNumber="422">Mauritania</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B7A1C1B3378425AC10EA75B6CBF" author="Gil, M. &amp; Ramil, F." box="[1151,1374,1127,1153]" pageId="10" pageNumber="422" pagination="419 - 444" refId="ref39805" refString="Gil, M. &amp; Ramil, F. (2017 a) Hydrozoans from Mauritanian Deep-Waters. In: Ramos, A., Ramil, F. &amp; Sanz, J. L. (Eds.), Deep sea ecosystems off Mauritania: Researching marine biodiversity and habitats in West African Deep-waters. Springer, Dordrecht, pp. 419 - 444. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 94 - 024 - 1023 - 5 _ 11" type="book chapter" year="2017">Gil &amp; Ramil 2017a</bibRefCitation>
). The bathymetric distribution of the species ranges from
<quantity id="4C8F9B6E1C1B337844FCC1E2A16B6C98" box="[729,878,1163,1190]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.065" metricValueMax="2.1" metricValueMin="0.03" pageId="10" pageNumber="422" unit="m" value="1065.0" valueMax="2100.0" valueMin="30.0">30 to 2100 m</quantity>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B7A1C1B33784559C1E2A6496C9B" author="Christiansen, B. O." box="[892,1100,1163,1189]" pageId="10" pageNumber="422" pagination="279 - 310" refId="ref38746" refString="Christiansen, B. O. (1972). The hydroid fauna of the Oslo Fjord in Norway. Norwegian Journal of Zoology, 20, 279 - 310." type="journal article" year="1972">Christiansen 1972</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B7A1C1B3378427DC1E2A7616C9B" author="Ramil, F. &amp; Vervoort, W." box="[1112,1380,1163,1190]" pageId="10" pageNumber="422" pagination="1 - 262" refId="ref43541" refString="Ramil, F. &amp; Vervoort, W. (1992) Report on the Hydroida collected by the &quot; BALGIM &quot; expedition in and around the Strait of Gibraltar. Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden, 277, 1 - 262." type="journal article" year="1992">Ramil &amp; Vervoort 1992</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC8368B1C1B337846E2C1C6A1466CF4" blockId="10.[151,1437,587,1694]" box="[199,835,1199,1226]" pageId="10" pageNumber="422">
Our material was collected from depths of
<quantity id="4C8F9B6E1C1B33784482C1C6A13A6CF4" box="[679,831,1199,1226]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.61" metricValueMax="4.62" metricValueMin="4.6" pageId="10" pageNumber="422" unit="m" value="461.0" valueMax="462.0" valueMin="460.0">460 to 462 m</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36D65001C1B337846E2C1BAA07F6EA3" pageId="10" pageNumber="422" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BC8368B1C1B337846E2C1BAA1466D43" blockId="10.[151,1437,587,1694]" pageId="10" pageNumber="422">
<emphasis id="B903EA991C1B337846E2C1BAA33E6CD3" bold="true" box="[199,315,1235,1261]" pageId="10" pageNumber="422">Remarks.</emphasis>
The material was composed of two colonies with monopodial growth and a cluster of monosiphonic, unsegmented and straight branches with badly damaged terminal hydranths. This morphology was consistent with the typical structure of
<taxonomicName id="4C774D081C1B337847BFC075A01F6D0B" baseAuthorityName="Sars" baseAuthorityYear="1874" box="[410,538,1307,1333]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulinidae" genus="Opercularella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="10" pageNumber="422" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="panicula">
<emphasis id="B903EA991C1B337847BFC075A01F6D0B" box="[410,538,1307,1333]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="422">E. panicula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, a species previously recorded in Mauritanian soft bottoms (
<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B7A1C1B33784298C072A79D6D0B" author="Gil, M. &amp; Ramil, F." box="[1213,1432,1307,1333]" pageId="10" pageNumber="422" pagination="419 - 444" refId="ref39805" refString="Gil, M. &amp; Ramil, F. (2017 a) Hydrozoans from Mauritanian Deep-Waters. In: Ramos, A., Ramil, F. &amp; Sanz, J. L. (Eds.), Deep sea ecosystems off Mauritania: Researching marine biodiversity and habitats in West African Deep-waters. Springer, Dordrecht, pp. 419 - 444. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 94 - 024 - 1023 - 5 _ 11" type="book chapter" year="2017">Gil &amp; Ramil 2017a</bibRefCitation>
, as
<taxonomicName id="4C774D081C1B33784690C029A3336D67" baseAuthorityName="Sars" baseAuthorityYear="1874" box="[181,310,1343,1369]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulinidae" genus="Opercularella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="10" pageNumber="422" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="panicula">
<emphasis id="B903EA991C1B33784690C029A3336D67" box="[181,310,1343,1369]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="422">R. panicula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Moreover, the Mauritanian material is identical to those reported by
<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B7A1C1B33784263C056A75A6D67" author="Ramil, F. &amp; Vervoort, W." box="[1094,1375,1343,1370]" pageId="10" pageNumber="422" pagination="1 - 262" refId="ref43541" refString="Ramil, F. &amp; Vervoort, W. (1992) Report on the Hydroida collected by the &quot; BALGIM &quot; expedition in and around the Strait of Gibraltar. Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden, 277, 1 - 262." type="journal article" year="1992">Ramil &amp; Vervoort (1992)</bibRefCitation>
from the Alboran Sea and Ibero-Moroccan Gulf to off Casablanca.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC8368B1C1B337846E2C0EEA07F6EA3" blockId="10.[151,1437,587,1694]" pageId="10" pageNumber="422">
Recently,
<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B7A1C1B33784713C0EEA0366D9F" author="Schuchert, P. &amp; Hosia, A. &amp; Leclere, L." box="[310,563,1415,1441]" pageId="10" pageNumber="422" pagination="167 - 182" refId="ref45006" refString="Schuchert, P., Hosia, A. &amp; Leclere, L. (2017) Identification of the polyp stage of three leptomedusa species using DNA barcoding. Revue suisse de Zoologie, 124 (1), 167 - 182." type="journal article" year="2017">
Schuchert
<emphasis id="B903EA991C1B33784789C0E1A3E66D9F" box="[428,483,1415,1441]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="422">et al.</emphasis>
(2017)
</bibRefCitation>
used DNA barcoding and found that
<taxonomicName id="4C774D081C1B337845EAC0EEA7986D9F" authority="(Hosia &amp; Pages, 2007)" baseAuthorityName="Hosia &amp; Pages" baseAuthorityYear="2007" box="[975,1437,1415,1441]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Mitrocomidae" genus="Earleria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="10" pageNumber="422" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="quadrata">
<emphasis id="B903EA991C1B337845EAC0EEA69E6D9F" box="[975,1179,1415,1441]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="422">Earleria quadrata</emphasis>
(Hosia &amp; Pagès, 2007)
</taxonomicName>
is the medusa of
<taxonomicName id="4C774D081C1B33784745C0C5A3E16DFB" baseAuthorityName="Sars" baseAuthorityYear="1874" box="[352,484,1451,1477]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulinidae" genus="Opercularella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="10" pageNumber="422" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="panicula">
<emphasis id="B903EA991C1B33784745C0C5A3E16DFB" box="[352,484,1451,1477]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="422">E. panicula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However, differences in the geographical distribution of the medusa, only known in deep waters of Korsfjord (
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), and the polyp phase, which is widely distributed in the East Atlantic, led
<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B7A1C1B337846B2C09AA3916E33" author="Schuchert, P. &amp; Hosia, A. &amp; Leclere, L." box="[151,404,1523,1549]" pageId="10" pageNumber="422" pagination="167 - 182" refId="ref45006" refString="Schuchert, P., Hosia, A. &amp; Leclere, L. (2017) Identification of the polyp stage of three leptomedusa species using DNA barcoding. Revue suisse de Zoologie, 124 (1), 167 - 182." type="journal article" year="2017">
Schuchert
<emphasis id="B903EA991C1B33784728C09DA3416E33" box="[269,324,1523,1549]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="422">et al.</emphasis>
(2017)
</bibRefCitation>
to consider the identity of
<taxonomicName id="4C774D081C1B3378449FC09DA13F6E33" baseAuthorityName="Sars" baseAuthorityYear="1874" box="[698,826,1523,1549]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulinidae" genus="Opercularella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="10" pageNumber="422" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="panicula">
<emphasis id="B903EA991C1B3378449FC09DA13F6E33" box="[698,826,1523,1549]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="422">E. panicula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
ambiguous, since it could represent a species complex. Nevertheless, samples of
<taxonomicName id="4C774D081C1B3378479DC371A0C76E0F" authorityName=": Calder" authorityYear="2012" box="[440,706,1559,1585]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulinidae" genus="Racemoramus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="10" pageNumber="422" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="panicula">
<emphasis id="B903EA991C1B3378479DC371A0C76E0F" box="[440,706,1559,1585]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="422">Racemoramus panicula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the Alboran Sea and Gulf of Cádiz showed 16S sequences almost identical to that of
<taxonomicName id="4C774D081C1B33784799C355A1496E6B" authority="(Schuchert et al. 2017)" baseAuthorityName="Schuchert" baseAuthorityYear="2017" box="[444,844,1595,1621]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Mitrocomidae" genus="Earleria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="10" pageNumber="422" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="quadrata">
<emphasis id="B903EA991C1B33784799C355A0476E6B" box="[444,578,1595,1621]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="422">E. quadrata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B7A1C1B33784475C352A1416E6B" author="Schuchert, P. &amp; Hosia, A. &amp; Leclere, L." box="[592,836,1595,1621]" pageId="10" pageNumber="422" pagination="167 - 182" refId="ref45006" refString="Schuchert, P., Hosia, A. &amp; Leclere, L. (2017) Identification of the polyp stage of three leptomedusa species using DNA barcoding. Revue suisse de Zoologie, 124 (1), 167 - 182." type="journal article" year="2017">
Schuchert
<emphasis id="B903EA991C1B337844ECC355A1046E6B" box="[713,769,1595,1621]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="422">et al.</emphasis>
2017
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, which seems to supports its co-specificity in at least the Northeast Atlantic. Despite
<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B7A1C1B337847DFC336A0F86E47" author="Schuchert, P. &amp; Hosia, A. &amp; Leclere, L." box="[506,765,1631,1657]" pageId="10" pageNumber="422" pagination="167 - 182" refId="ref45006" refString="Schuchert, P., Hosia, A. &amp; Leclere, L. (2017) Identification of the polyp stage of three leptomedusa species using DNA barcoding. Revue suisse de Zoologie, 124 (1), 167 - 182." type="journal article" year="2017">
Schuchert
<emphasis id="B903EA991C1B33784457C309A0AE6E47" box="[626,683,1631,1657]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="422">et al.</emphasis>
(2017)
</bibRefCitation>
hesitate to synonymise both names, currently they are considered the same species (
<bibRefCitation id="EFE64B7A1C1B3378479DC3EAA06B6EA3" author="Schuchert, P." box="[440,622,1667,1693]" pageId="10" pageNumber="422" refId="ref44952" refString="Schuchert, P. (2018) World Hydrozoa Database. Earleria panicula (G. O. Sars, 1874). Available from: http: // www. marinespecies. org / hydrozoa / aphia. php? p = taxdetails &amp; id = 1255613 (accessed 3 September 2020)" type="url" year="2018">Schuchert 2018</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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