plazi/treatments-xml
2
0
Fork 0
Code Issues Pull requests Releases Activity
treatments-xml/data/03/82/8E/03828E3AFF999E50FF4C8E733C5D773E.xml
maintenance bc2564723d added 03
2024-06-21 12:22:17 +02:00

643 lines
74 KiB
XML
Raw Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<document id="CDCA3D76A1304F48DAD4D599317DBA80" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3964.2.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b334f640-11eb-4db6-afe0-25e7cf6e69d9" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="242482" ID-ZooBank="DE38A5A7-32BF-44BD-A450-83EE872AE934" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461073908126" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Mound, Laurence A. &amp; Wells, Alice" docDate="2015" docId="03828E3AFF999E50FF4C8E733C5D773E" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03964p210.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3964 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Buffettithrips rauti Mound &amp; Wells, 2015, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="197" masterDocId="FFBBF642FF929E5FFFDB8C573E4A7503" masterDocTitle="Endemics and adventives: Thysanoptera (Insecta) biodiversity of Norfolk, a tiny Pacific Island" masterLastPageNumber="210" masterPageNumber="183" pageNumber="194" updateTime="1698585707535" updateUser="plazi">
<mods:mods id="6D6D8138E95CD853ACB4CF1D7848A89B" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="42DFF6E71AFE8C89A58E79CA974B9573">
<mods:title id="9578E917D2D3ACAC0976C1DC7AA8ECD5">Endemics and adventives: Thysanoptera (Insecta) biodiversity of Norfolk, a tiny Pacific Island</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="8CCB4A7EF41442B1691A92032507F734" type="personal">
<mods:role id="948E8B3AB1B57A7813BD166B4DD3879A">
<mods:roleTerm id="48501CBA405128DEEFEF8745596CE984">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="86A75BB851908C5B6B46066EDD9C5B02">Mound, Laurence A.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="D6B761D816F7C6A030A749E815F2D79B" type="personal">
<mods:role id="FE4712D78F5B4ADFFBE18327C4D138DC">
<mods:roleTerm id="81CB936C4F7E80BD30AB3178FF5AB996">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="CB0C3A33CB7A2813D25054034B84B91D">Wells, Alice</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="DE50F55864089DF71889BE2848FE3427">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="D94311C81FD3FFBB255B2741D6B2C90E" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="F1E94B2906584CD94EFEECF74805458C">
<mods:title id="4F670DE086FC14F8081265C8C636AC49">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="E172DED9346DF385AFB80F6A6B6158C3">
<mods:date id="4E98EEE9617016807A4BDB16FE1A686D">2015</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="2CD1F9F3D9A4528A32CD57FA75A3D809" type="volume">
<mods:number id="FAFEB42B05EBD24BCC4F825A982DD4A2">3964</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="BD39321E497A43B899DE8C1915A4979D" type="issue">
<mods:number id="B12FEA6149C981D68ABC09B17AFDC5D8">2</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="4AE02A0720D61E00F7F78CE13B05B1C0" unit="page">
<mods:start id="8D7A173C2E81D7D7679CDC84D31C10D0">183</mods:start>
<mods:end id="DF2EA7B45AEF074F291FA768C379ACFF">210</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="AA3142C221363888D5AFC60FABB95AE6">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="7856213BA6C6BD758E99DDB45DF305C3" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3964.2.2</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="B9DDDF977953C5664AE97D052390F29D" type="GBIF-Dataset">b334f640-11eb-4db6-afe0-25e7cf6e69d9</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="137020D64A2D9F0AA4E39957C096741D" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="E27093282348257C5F24A95FFB2D28F5" type="Zenodo-Dep">242482</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="A1FD21641F6CFD5E485C78A98E8986DC" type="ZooBank">DE38A5A7-32BF-44BD-A450-83EE872AE934</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03828E3AFF999E50FF4C8E733C5D773E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5627879" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119617382" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5627879" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03828E3AFF999E50FF4C8E733C5D773E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03828E3AFF999E50FF4C8E733C5D773E" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="197" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">
<subSubSection id="C3316CA7FF999E54FF4C8E733A7677C8" pageId="11" pageNumber="194" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B943F2CFF999E54FF4C8E733F8E773D" blockId="11.[151,452,548,607]" box="[151,452,548,574]" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">
<heading id="D0DC8840FF999E54FF4C8E733F8E773D" bold="true" box="[151,452,548,574]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="194" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B95FE33EFF999E54FF4C8E733F8E773D" bold="true" box="[151,452,548,574]" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">
<taxonomicName id="4C2B44AFFF999E54FF4C8E733F31773D" ID-CoL="NNWD" box="[151,379,548,574]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Buffettithrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="194" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rauti" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95FE33EFF999E54FF4C8E733F31773D" bold="true" box="[151,379,548,574]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">Buffettithrips rauti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26C5E45FF999E54FE598E733F8E773D" box="[386,452,548,574]" pageId="11" pageNumber="194" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B943F2CFF999E54FF4C8E113F09775C" blockId="11.[151,452,548,607]" box="[151,323,582,607]" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">
(
<figureCitation id="131023A9FF999E54FF448E113F5B775C" box="[159,273,582,607]" captionStart="FIGURES 9 – 15" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1909,1931]" captionTargetBox="[151,1430,445,1879]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,445,1888]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 9 – 15. Buffettithrips rauti sp. n. (9) Head; (10) Pronotum and mesonotum; (11) Antennal segments III – VIII; (12) Male sternite VIII; (13) Male tergites IX – X; (14) Metanotum; (15) Pelta and tergite II." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242485/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">Figs 9–15</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="131023A9FF999E54FEC68E103F73775C" box="[285,313,583,607]" captionStart="FIGURES 16 – 21" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1956,1978]" captionTargetBox="[179,1434,200,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,195,1934]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 16 – 21. Phlaeothripidae species. (16) Bamboosiella cingulata; (17) Buffettithrips rauti; (18) Haplothrips gowdeyi; (19) Holoengythrips maynardae; (20) Hoplandrothrips leai, male; (21) Priesneria akestra." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242486/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">17</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B943F2CFF999E54FF4C8ED93A7677C8" blockId="11.[151,1437,654,1651]" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">
This new species is unique in its body colour and sculpture, and is highly specific in its biology, being found only on the dead leaves of one particular plant species that is endemic to
<collectingCountry id="F33C7FBCFF999E54FC4B8EE53A7277C8" box="[912,1080,690,715]" name="Norfolk Island" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">Norfolk Island</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3316CA7FF999E52FF1C8E813C2D70C3" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="196" pageId="11" pageNumber="194" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B943F2CFF999E54FF1C8E813C1A7155" blockId="11.[151,1437,654,1651]" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">
<emphasis id="B95FE33EFF999E54FF1C8E813FEF77ED" box="[199,421,726,751]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">Female macroptera</emphasis>
: Body and legs largely yellow, with light brown marginal shadings laterally on head and thorax, and light brown median line on thorax; tibiae and femora with weak marking medially; tube and antennal segments II–VIII dark brown; fore wings pale. With the structural characters in the diagnosis above; head nearly twice as long as wide, eyes longer on upper than ventral surface; postocular setae bluntly pointed to weakly capitate; cheeks with several small setae; vertex weakly sculptured posterior to eyes. Antennal segments III–IV with sense cones small, V–VII pedicillate, VIII with broad pedicel. Pronotum with prominent longitudinal band of striate reticulation medially (
<figureCitation id="131023A9FF999E54FE038FF93C6176C4" box="[472,555,942,967]" captionStart="FIGURES 9 – 15" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1909,1931]" captionTargetBox="[151,1430,445,1879]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,445,1888]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 9 – 15. Buffettithrips rauti sp. n. (9) Head; (10) Pronotum and mesonotum; (11) Antennal segments III – VIII; (12) Male sternite VIII; (13) Male tergites IX – X; (14) Metanotum; (15) Pelta and tergite II." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242485/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
); am and aa bluntly pointed, ml and pa variably weakly capitate, epim capitate. Metanotum with similar striate sculpture medially (
<figureCitation id="131023A9FF999E54FD348F853D0D76E8" box="[751,839,978,1003]" captionStart="FIGURES 9 – 15" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1909,1931]" captionTargetBox="[151,1430,445,1879]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,445,1888]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 9 – 15. Buffettithrips rauti sp. n. (9) Head; (10) Pronotum and mesonotum; (11) Antennal segments III – VIII; (12) Male sternite VIII; (13) Male tergites IX – X; (14) Metanotum; (15) Pelta and tergite II." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242485/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
); metapleuron strongly reticulate. Pelta with striate reticulation, campaniform sensilla present; tergites with 2 pairs of long posterolateral capitate setae, lateral pair acute on V–VII, setae on IX acute and about as long as tube. Sternites with marginal setae arising submarginally, transverse row of about 10 discal setae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B943F2CFF999E54FF1C88353EAE7008" blockId="11.[151,1437,654,1651]" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">
<emphasis id="B95FE33EFF999E54FF1C88353F3C7178" bold="true" box="[199,374,1122,1147]" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">Measurements</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="5490818EFF999E54FE5388353FA67178" box="[392,492,1122,1147]" pageId="11" pageNumber="194" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
female in microns). Body length distended 2150. Head, length 275; width across cheeks 140; po setae 55. Pronotum, length 140; width 185; major setae—am 20, aa 25, ml 35, epim 55, pa 40. Fore wing length 850; distal width 50; sub-basal setae 35, 35, 60. Tergite III lateral setal pairs 65, 70. Tergite IX setae, S1 110, iS 55, S2 135, S3 100. Tube, length 140; anal setae 115. Antennal segments III–VIII length 68, 73, 65, 60, 45, 35.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B943F2CFF999E54FF1C89413FA77050" blockId="11.[151,1437,654,1651]" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">
<emphasis id="B95FE33EFF999E54FF1C89413FC0702D" box="[199,394,1302,1327]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">Male macroptera</emphasis>
: Similar to female but smaller; tergite IX setae S2 shorter and stouter (
<figureCitation id="131023A9FF999E54FB7289413AB6702C" box="[1193,1276,1302,1327]" captionStart="FIGURES 9 – 15" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1909,1931]" captionTargetBox="[151,1430,445,1879]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,445,1888]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 9 – 15. Buffettithrips rauti sp. n. (9) Head; (10) Pronotum and mesonotum; (11) Antennal segments III – VIII; (12) Male sternite VIII; (13) Male tergites IX – X; (14) Metanotum; (15) Pelta and tergite II." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242485/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
); sternite VIII with large pore plate (
<figureCitation id="131023A9FF999E54FE56896D3FAA7050" box="[397,480,1338,1363]" captionStart="FIGURES 9 – 15" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1909,1931]" captionTargetBox="[151,1430,445,1879]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,445,1888]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 9 – 15. Buffettithrips rauti sp. n. (9) Head; (10) Pronotum and mesonotum; (11) Antennal segments III – VIII; (12) Male sternite VIII; (13) Male tergites IX – X; (14) Metanotum; (15) Pelta and tergite II." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242485/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B943F2CFF999E54FF1C89093C0D7098" blockId="11.[151,1437,654,1651]" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">
<emphasis id="B95FE33EFF999E54FF1C89093F3C7074" bold="true" box="[199,374,1374,1399]" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">Measurements</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="5490818EFF999E54FE5D89083FA27074" box="[390,488,1375,1399]" pageId="11" pageNumber="194" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
male in microns). Body length distended 1950. Head length 270. Tergite IX setae, S1 115, iS 50,
<geoCoordinate id="EE1F59EBFF999E54FEE089D43F347098" box="[315,382,1410,1435]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="194" precision="925" value="-2.9166667">S2 55</geoCoordinate>
. Tube length 125.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B943F2CFF999E54FF1C89F13F6470E0" blockId="11.[151,1437,654,1651]" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">
<emphasis id="B95FE33EFF999E54FF1C89F13FEF70BC" bold="true" box="[199,421,1446,1471]" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">Specimens studied</emphasis>
:
<typeStatus id="5490818EFF999E54FE6D89F13C5470BC" box="[438,542,1446,1471]" pageId="11" pageNumber="194" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
female,
<emphasis id="B95FE33EFF999E54FD5F89F13D7F70BC" bold="true" box="[644,821,1446,1471]" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">
<collectingCountry id="F33C7FBCFF999E54FD5F89F13D7F70BC" box="[644,821,1446,1471]" name="Norfolk Island" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">Norfolk Island</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
, Palm Glen,
<taxonomicName id="4C2B44AFFF999E54FC0B89F13AD170BC" box="[976,1179,1446,1471]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Cordyline" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="11" pageNumber="194" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="obtecta">
<emphasis id="B95FE33EFF999E54FC0B89F13AD170BC" box="[976,1179,1446,1471]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">Cordyline obtecta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
dead leaf,
<date id="FF9519ECFF999E54FAC689F13BD670BC" box="[1309,1436,1446,1471]" pageId="11" pageNumber="194" value="2013-12-23">23.xii.2013</date>
(LAM 5884).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B943F2CFF999E54FF1C89B83C817370" blockId="11.[151,1437,654,1651]" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">
<typeStatus id="5490818EFF999E54FF1C89B83F7D7304" box="[199,311,1519,1543]" pageId="11" pageNumber="194" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
, all from
<taxonomicName id="4C2B44AFFF999E54FE7389B93C397304" box="[424,627,1518,1543]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Cordyline" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="11" pageNumber="194" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="obtecta">
<emphasis id="B95FE33EFF999E54FE7389B93C397304" box="[424,627,1518,1543]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">Cordyline obtecta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
dead leaves;
<specimenCount id="9D2DF4A5FF999E54FCCB89B83DCB7304" box="[784,897,1518,1543]" pageId="11" pageNumber="194" type="female">4 females</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D2DF4A5FF999E54FC5489B83DAD7304" box="[911,999,1518,1543]" pageId="11" pageNumber="194" type="male">3 males</specimenCount>
and larvae taken with
<typeStatus id="5490818EFF999E54FB2B89B93B1C7304" box="[1264,1366,1518,1543]" pageId="11" pageNumber="194" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
; same site,
<specimenCount id="9D2DF4A5FF999E54FF168A443F787328" box="[205,306,1554,1579]" pageId="11" pageNumber="194" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
,
<date id="FF9519ECFF999E54FEE48A453F887328" box="[319,450,1554,1579]" pageId="11" pageNumber="194" value="2012-12-22">22.xii.2012</date>
,
<specimenCount id="9D2DF4A5FF999E54FE158A443C747328" box="[462,574,1554,1579]" pageId="11" pageNumber="194" type="female">3 females</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D2DF4A5FF999E54FD918A443CEF7328" box="[586,677,1554,1579]" pageId="11" pageNumber="194" type="male">8 males</specimenCount>
,
<date id="FF9519ECFF999E54FD6A8A453D797328" box="[689,819,1554,1579]" pageId="11" pageNumber="194" value="2013-07-11">11.vii.2013</date>
,
<specimenCount id="9D2DF4A5FF999E54FCE48A443DEF7328" box="[831,933,1554,1579]" pageId="11" pageNumber="194" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D2DF4A5FF999E54FC6A8A443A417328" box="[945,1035,1554,1579]" pageId="11" pageNumber="194" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
, 21/
<date id="FF9519ECFF999E54FBE68A443AE57328" box="[1085,1199,1555,1579]" pageId="11" pageNumber="194" value="2013-10-22">22.x.2013</date>
; Red Road, National Park,
<specimenCount id="9D2DF4A5FF999E54FF078A603F65734C" box="[220,303,1590,1615]" pageId="11" pageNumber="194" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
,
<date id="FF9519ECFF999E54FEE58A613F8B734C" box="[318,449,1590,1615]" pageId="11" pageNumber="194" value="2013-07-12">12.vii.2013</date>
;
<specimenCount id="9D2DF4A5FF999E54FE0A8A603C0E734C" box="[465,580,1590,1615]" pageId="11" pageNumber="194" type="female">4 females</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D2DF4A5FF999E54FD8F8A603CE4734C" box="[596,686,1590,1615]" pageId="11" pageNumber="194" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
<date id="FF9519ECFF999E54FD628A613D7C734C" box="[697,822,1590,1615]" pageId="11" pageNumber="194" value="2014-03-27">27.iii.2014</date>
;
<specimenCount id="9D2DF4A5FF999E54FC9D8A603DDF734C" box="[838,917,1590,1615]" pageId="11" pageNumber="194" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
<date id="FF9519ECFF999E54FC7A8A613A51734C" box="[929,1051,1590,1615]" pageId="11" pageNumber="194" value="2014-11-30">30.xi.2014</date>
; Mission Road Forest,
<specimenCount id="9D2DF4A5FF999E54FAEB8A603BD2734C" box="[1328,1432,1590,1615]" pageId="11" pageNumber="194" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
,
<date id="FF9519ECFF999E54FF4C8A0D3F5E7370" box="[151,276,1626,1651]" pageId="11" pageNumber="194" value="2014-03-27">27.iii.2014</date>
; Mt Pitt,
<specimenCount id="9D2DF4A5FF999E54FEA78A0C3FAA7370" box="[380,480,1626,1651]" pageId="11" pageNumber="194" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D2DF4A5FF999E54FE308A0C3C737370" box="[491,569,1626,1651]" pageId="11" pageNumber="194" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
,
<date id="FF9519ECFF999E54FD9F8A0D3C8D7370" box="[580,711,1626,1651]" pageId="11" pageNumber="194" value="2013-12-22">22.xii.2013</date>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B943F2CFF999E54FF4C8AF53FC372B4" blockId="11.[151,1437,1698,1975]" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">
<emphasis id="B95FE33EFF999E54FF4C8AF53FD873B8" bold="true" box="[151,402,1698,1723]" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">
<taxonomicName id="4C2B44AFFF999E54FF4C8AF53F7D73B8" box="[151,311,1698,1723]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Deplorothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="194" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95FE33EFF999E54FF4C8AF53F7D73B8" bold="true" box="[151,311,1698,1723]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">Deplorothrips</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species
</emphasis>
: Species of this genus live on dead branches and presumably feed on fungal hyphae. The genus is common in
<collectingCountry id="F33C7FBCFF999E54FE5E8A903C5573DC" box="[389,543,1734,1759]" name="New Zealand" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
, although only a single species has been named, several un-named species are known from eastern
<collectingCountry id="F33C7FBCFF999E54FE508ABD3FBE7200" box="[395,500,1770,1795]" name="Australia" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">Australia</collectingCountry>
, and eight species have been described from Southeast Asia between
<collectingCountry id="F33C7FBCFF999E54FAF48ABD3BD27200" box="[1327,1432,1770,1795]" name="Malaysia" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F33C7FBCFF999E54FF4C8B583E9D7225" box="[151,215,1807,1830]" name="Japan" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">Japan</collectingCountry>
and The
<collectingCountry id="F33C7FBCFF999E54FE988B593F8F7224" box="[323,453,1806,1831]" name="Philippines" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">Philippines</collectingCountry>
. The species of
<taxonomicName id="4C2B44AFFF999E54FDA78B593D507224" box="[636,794,1806,1831]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Deplorothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="194" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95FE33EFF999E54FDA78B593D507224" box="[636,794,1806,1831]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">Deplorothrips</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are polymorphic, with considerable differences between the sexes and between winged and wingless individuals. As a result of this variation, description of new species requires further study. However, both sexes of three very different looking species of
<taxonomicName id="4C2B44AFFF999E54FB8E8B013AB9726C" box="[1109,1267,1878,1903]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Deplorothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="194" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95FE33EFF999E54FB8E8B013AB9726C" box="[1109,1267,1878,1903]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">Deplorothrips</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were found on
<collectingCountry id="F33C7FBCFF999E54FF4C8B2D3F747290" box="[151,318,1914,1939]" name="Norfolk Island" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">Norfolk Island</collectingCountry>
, on dead branches of
<taxonomicName id="4C2B44AFFF999E54FDEE8B2C3CA97290" box="[565,739,1914,1939]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Citrus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="11" pageNumber="194" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="jambhiri">
<emphasis id="B95FE33EFF999E54FDEE8B2C3CA97290" box="[565,739,1914,1939]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="194">Citrus jambhiri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the National Park at Palm Grove Track, and on Red Road, Mt Bates and Mt Pitt.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF546FA4FF9E9E53FF4C8BF33A6472DA" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242486/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="195" targetBox="[179,1434,200,1931]" targetPageId="12">
<paragraph id="8B943F2CFF9E9E53FF4C8BF33A6472DA" blockId="12.[151,1436,1956,2009]" pageId="12" pageNumber="195">
<emphasis id="B95FE33EFF9E9E53FF4C8BF33F0472B9" bold="true" box="[151,334,1956,1978]" pageId="12" pageNumber="195">FIGURES 16–21</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C2B44AFFF9E9E53FE878BF33FB172B9" box="[348,507,1956,1978]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="195" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Phlaeothripidae</taxonomicName>
species.
<emphasis id="B95FE33EFF9E9E53FD818BF33CCE72B9" bold="true" box="[602,644,1956,1978]" pageId="12" pageNumber="195">(16)</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2B44AFFF9E9E53FD578BF33D3472B9" box="[652,894,1956,1978]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Bamboosiella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="195" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cingulata">
<emphasis id="B95FE33EFF9E9E53FD578BF33D3472B9" box="[652,894,1956,1978]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="195">Bamboosiella cingulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<emphasis id="B95FE33EFF9E9E53FC568BF33DFD72B9" bold="true" box="[909,951,1956,1978]" pageId="12" pageNumber="195">(17)</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2B44AFFF9E9E53FC648BF33A3472B9" box="[959,1150,1956,1978]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Buffettithrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="195" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rauti">
<emphasis id="B95FE33EFF9E9E53FC648BF33A3472B9" box="[959,1150,1956,1978]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="195">Buffettithrips rauti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<emphasis id="B95FE33EFF9E9E53FB578BF33AFD72B9" bold="true" box="[1164,1207,1956,1978]" pageId="12" pageNumber="195">(18)</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2B44AFFF9E9E53FB658BF33BDF72B9" box="[1214,1429,1956,1978]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Haplothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="195" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gowdeyi">
<emphasis id="B95FE33EFF9E9E53FB658BF33BDF72B9" box="[1214,1429,1956,1978]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="195">Haplothrips gowdeyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<emphasis id="B95FE33EFF9E9E53FF4C8B943E8B72DA" bold="true" box="[151,193,1987,2009]" pageId="12" pageNumber="195">(19)</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B95FE33EFF9E9E53FF1C8B943F9672DA" box="[199,476,1987,2009]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="195">Holoengythrips maynardae</emphasis>
;
<emphasis id="B95FE33EFF9E9E53FE308B943C5E72DA" bold="true" box="[491,532,1987,2009]" pageId="12" pageNumber="195">(20)</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2B44AFFF9E9E53FDC08B943CBB72DA" box="[539,753,1987,2009]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Hoplandrothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="195" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leai">
<emphasis id="B95FE33EFF9E9E53FDC08B943CBB72DA" box="[539,753,1987,2009]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="195">Hoplandrothrips leai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, male;
<emphasis id="B95FE33EFF9E9E53FCE78B943D2C72DA" bold="true" box="[828,870,1987,2009]" pageId="12" pageNumber="195">(21)</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2B44AFFF9E9E53FCB78B933A6272DA" box="[876,1064,1987,2009]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Priesneria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="195" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="akestra">
<emphasis id="B95FE33EFF9E9E53FCB78B933A6272DA" box="[876,1064,1987,2009]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="195">Priesneria akestra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B943F2CFF9F9E52FF4C8CC03F9F7443" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,320]" pageId="13" pageNumber="196">
<emphasis id="B95FE33EFF9F9E52FF4C8CC03C5775B3" bold="true" box="[151,541,151,176]" pageId="13" pageNumber="196">
<emphasis id="B95FE33EFF9F9E52FF4C8CC03FE175B3" bold="true" box="[151,427,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="196">Giraultithrips nigricoxa</emphasis>
(Girault)
</emphasis>
: This species was known only from five females, of which three were collected at three separate sites in SE Queensland, and two were taken together in the Botanic Gardens, Canberra (
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA42DDFF9F9E52FAF68CEB3F5075FB" author="Mound" pageId="13" pageNumber="196" refString="Mound, L. A. &amp; Tree, D. J. (2014 b) Generic relationships of two obscure Australian Thysanoptera species described by A. A. Girault. Australian Entomologist, 41 (4), 205 - 210." type="journal article" year="2014" yearSuffix="b">Mound &amp; Tree 2014b</bibRefCitation>
). One female was taken on Red Road in
<date id="FF9519ECFF9F9E52FD048C883DDB75FB" box="[735,913,223,248]" pageId="13" pageNumber="196" value="2013-12">
December
<quantity id="4CD392C9FF9F9E52FC828CB73DDB75FB" box="[857,913,224,248]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.11302" pageId="13" pageNumber="196" unit="in" value="2013.0">2013</quantity>
</date>
in association with a population of
<taxonomicName id="4C2B44AFFF9F9E52FAC48C883EAC741F" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Lissothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="196" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="taverni">
<emphasis id="B95FE33EFF9F9E52FAC48C883EAC741F" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="196">Lissothrips taverni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, also one female and one male on Mt. Bate in
<date id="FF9519ECFF9F9E52FCD88D533DF4741F" box="[771,958,260,285]" pageId="13" pageNumber="196" value="2014-11">November 2014</date>
. Nothing is known of its biology, but it is possibly predatory on mites.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B943F2CFF9F9E52FF4C8D383DD27763" blockId="13.[151,1436,367,608]" pageId="13" pageNumber="196">
<taxonomicName id="4C2B44AFFF9F9E52FF4C8D383C03748B" authority="Mound &amp; Minaei" authorityName="Mound &amp; Minaei" box="[151,585,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Haplothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="196" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="avius">
<emphasis id="B95FE33EFF9F9E52FF4C8D383C03748B" bold="true" box="[151,585,367,392]" pageId="13" pageNumber="196">
<emphasis id="B95FE33EFF9F9E52FF4C8D383F22748B" bold="true" box="[151,360,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="196">Haplothrips avius</emphasis>
Mound &amp; Minaei
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: Described from four females, taken separately at three widely separated sites in South
<collectingCountry id="F33C7FBCFF9F9E52FEED8DC33FD774AE" box="[310,413,404,429]" name="Australia" pageId="13" pageNumber="196">Australia</collectingCountry>
and one in Queensland, one male and one female of this species were taken from
<taxonomicName id="4C2B44AFFF9F9E52FAE58DC23BD174AF" box="[1342,1435,405,428]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Verbenaceae" genus="Lantana" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="13" pageNumber="196" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95FE33EFF9F9E52FAE58DC23BD174AF" box="[1342,1435,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="196">Lantana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
flowers at Burnt Pine in
<date id="FF9519ECFF9F9E52FE738DE03C0974D3" box="[424,579,439,464]" pageId="13" pageNumber="196" value="2013-10">October 2013</date>
, and three females with four males from dead branches of
<taxonomicName id="4C2B44AFFF9F9E52FB0A8DE03BD674D3" box="[1233,1436,439,464]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Hibiscus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="13" pageNumber="196" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="insularis">
<emphasis id="B95FE33EFF9F9E52FB0A8DE03BD674D3" box="[1233,1436,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="196">Hibiscus insularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
at Two Chimneys Road in
<date id="FF9519ECFF9F9E52FE138D8B3CC874F7" box="[456,642,476,501]" pageId="13" pageNumber="196" value="2014-11">November 2014</date>
. It is an unusual member of the genus, with no duplicated cilia on the fore wings, and females have both pairs of major setae capitate on the ninth tergite. Nothing is known of the biology of this thrips, but it is possibly predatory on other small arthropods. Identification keys are available to the
<taxonomicName id="4C2B44AFFF9F9E52FF4C8E103F547763" box="[151,286,583,608]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Haplothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="196" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95FE33EFF9F9E52FF4C8E103F547763" box="[151,286,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="196">Haplothrips</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species known from
<collectingCountry id="F33C7FBCFF9F9E52FDD68E103C3E7763" box="[525,628,583,608]" name="Australia" pageId="13" pageNumber="196">Australia</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA42DDFF9F9E52FD588E103DC67763" author="Mound" box="[643,908,583,608]" pageId="13" pageNumber="196" refString="Mound, L. A. &amp; Minaei, K. (2007) Australian insects of the Haplothrips lineage (Thysanoptera - Phlaeothripinae). Journal of Natural History, 41, 2919 - 2978. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930701783219" type="journal article" year="2007">Mound &amp; Minaei 2007</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B943F2CFF9F9E52FF4C8ED83CCD77F3" blockId="13.[151,1436,655,752]" pageId="13" pageNumber="196">
<taxonomicName id="4C2B44AFFF9F9E52FF4C8ED83C0E77AB" authority="Girault" authorityName="Girault" box="[151,580,655,680]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Haplothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="196" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bituberculatus">
<emphasis id="B95FE33EFF9F9E52FF4C8ED83C0E77AB" bold="true" box="[151,580,655,680]" pageId="13" pageNumber="196">
<emphasis id="B95FE33EFF9F9E52FF4C8ED83F9A77AB" bold="true" box="[151,464,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="196">Haplothrips bituberculatus</emphasis>
(Girault)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: This thrips is widespread in eastern
<collectingCountry id="F33C7FBCFF9F9E52FC358ED83A1D77AB" box="[1006,1111,655,680]" name="Australia" pageId="13" pageNumber="196">Australia</collectingCountry>
, where it is usually found in low numbers on dead branches. It has been found at several localities on
<collectingCountry id="F33C7FBCFF9F9E52FC1C8EE33A2777CE" box="[967,1133,692,717]" name="Norfolk Island" pageId="13" pageNumber="196">Norfolk Island</collectingCountry>
, and is probably a predator on other small arthropods on dead branches.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B943F2CFF9F9E52FF4C8F483F4D76EE" blockId="13.[151,1436,799,1005]" pageId="13" pageNumber="196">
<taxonomicName id="4C2B44AFFF9F9E52FF4C8F483C43763B" authority="Franklin" authorityName="Franklin" box="[151,521,799,824]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Haplothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="196" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gowdeyi">
<emphasis id="B95FE33EFF9F9E52FF4C8F483C43763B" bold="true" box="[151,521,799,824]" pageId="13" pageNumber="196">
<emphasis id="B95FE33EFF9F9E52FF4C8F483FCF763B" bold="true" box="[151,389,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="196">Haplothrips gowdeyi</emphasis>
(Franklin)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="131023A9FF9F9E52FDC38F483C21763B" box="[536,619,799,824]" captionStart="FIGURES 16 – 21" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1956,1978]" captionTargetBox="[179,1434,200,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,195,1934]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 16 – 21. Phlaeothripidae species. (16) Bamboosiella cingulata; (17) Buffettithrips rauti; (18) Haplothrips gowdeyi; (19) Holoengythrips maynardae; (20) Hoplandrothrips leai, male; (21) Priesneria akestra." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242486/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="196">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
): Adult females of this pantropical species appear to disperse readily and are thus often found individually or in low numbers. However, substantial populations of females with larvae were found in the flowers of various plants, particularly several weedy
<taxonomicName id="4C2B44AFFF9F9E52FC578F3F3A4D7683" box="[908,1031,872,896]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="13" pageNumber="196" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
such as
<taxonomicName id="4C2B44AFFF9F9E52FBB78F303AF27683" box="[1132,1208,871,896]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Bidens" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="13" pageNumber="196" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95FE33EFF9F9E52FBB78F303AF27683" box="[1132,1208,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="196">Bidens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C2B44AFFF9F9E52FB288F303B227683" box="[1267,1384,871,896]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Galinsoga" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="13" pageNumber="196" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95FE33EFF9F9E52FB288F303B227683" box="[1267,1384,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="196">Galinsoga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but also
<taxonomicName id="4C2B44AFFF9F9E52FF178FDB3F2376A6" box="[204,361,908,933]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Chenopodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="13" pageNumber="196" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95FE33EFF9F9E52FF178FDB3F2376A6" box="[204,361,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="196">Chenopodium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C2B44AFFF9F9E52FE7F8FDB3C4676A6" box="[420,524,908,933]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Trifolium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="13" pageNumber="196" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95FE33EFF9F9E52FE7F8FDB3C4676A6" box="[420,524,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="196">Trifolium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as well as the flowers of some tall
<taxonomicName id="4C2B44AFFF9F9E52FC768FDA3A4376A7" box="[941,1033,909,932]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="13" pageNumber="196" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Poaceae</taxonomicName>
species. The species is common in several horticultural areas of
<collectingCountry id="F33C7FBCFF9F9E52FE318FF83CDE76CB" box="[490,660,943,968]" name="Norfolk Island" pageId="13" pageNumber="196">Norfolk Island</collectingCountry>
, and can usually be recognised in the field by the yellow antennal segments.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B943F2CFF9F9E52FF4C884B3A04717F" blockId="13.[151,1436,1052,1149]" pageId="13" pageNumber="196">
<taxonomicName id="4C2B44AFFF9F9E52FF4C884B3C7D7136" authority="Schrank" authorityName="Schrank" box="[151,567,1052,1077]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Haplothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="196" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucanthemi">
<emphasis id="B95FE33EFF9F9E52FF4C884B3C7D7136" bold="true" box="[151,567,1052,1077]" pageId="13" pageNumber="196">
<emphasis id="B95FE33EFF9F9E52FF4C884B3FF27136" bold="true" box="[151,440,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="196">Haplothrips leucanthemi</emphasis>
(Schrank)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: This is a widespread European species that commonly breeds in the flowers of Ox-eye Daisies (
<taxonomicName id="4C2B44AFFF9F9E52FE5E88683CA7715B" box="[389,749,1087,1112]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Chrysanthemum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="13" pageNumber="196" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="leucanthemum">
<emphasis id="B95FE33EFF9F9E52FE5E88683CA7715B" box="[389,749,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="196">Chrysanthemum leucanthemum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), but is also known from Red Clover flowers (
<taxonomicName id="4C2B44AFFF9F9E52FAEF88683EBD717F" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Trifolium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="13" pageNumber="196" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pratense">
<emphasis id="B95FE33EFF9F9E52FAEF88683EBD717F" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="196">Trifolium pratense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). A single female was taken on
<collectingCountry id="F33C7FBCFF9F9E52FDBB88333D4C717E" box="[608,774,1124,1149]" name="Norfolk Island" pageId="13" pageNumber="196">Norfolk Island</collectingCountry>
, on clover at 100 Acre Farm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B943F2CFF9F9E52FF4C88FB3BC3700E" blockId="13.[151,1436,1196,1293]" pageId="13" pageNumber="196">
<taxonomicName id="4C2B44AFFF9F9E52FF4C88FB3FA571C6" authority="Bagnall" authorityName="Bagnall" box="[151,495,1196,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Haplothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="196" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="robustus">
<emphasis id="B95FE33EFF9F9E52FF4C88FB3FA571C6" bold="true" box="[151,495,1196,1221]" pageId="13" pageNumber="196">
<emphasis id="B95FE33EFF9F9E52FF4C88FB3FC171C6" bold="true" box="[151,395,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="196">Haplothrips robustus</emphasis>
Bagnall
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: A single female of this flower-living species was taken at
<collectingCountry id="F33C7FBCFF9F9E52FB5288FB3B6771C6" box="[1161,1325,1196,1221]" name="Norfolk Island" pageId="13" pageNumber="196">Norfolk Island</collectingCountry>
airport in
<date id="FF9519ECFF9F9E52FF4C88983F0571EB" box="[151,335,1231,1256]" pageId="13" pageNumber="196" value="2012-12">December 2012</date>
, and two further females in
<date id="FF9519ECFF9F9E52FD4088983D6D71EB" box="[667,807,1231,1256]" pageId="13" pageNumber="196" value="2014-03">March 2014</date>
from lucerne at 100 Acre Farm. The species is found widely across
<collectingCountry id="F33C7FBCFF9F9E52FEEC88A33FEA700E" box="[311,416,1268,1293]" name="Australia" pageId="13" pageNumber="196">Australia</collectingCountry>
, but may have come originally from some other part of the world, such as eastern Africa.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B943F2CFF9F9E52FF4C896B3C2D70C3" blockId="13.[151,1436,1340,1472]" pageId="13" pageNumber="196">
<emphasis id="B95FE33EFF9F9E52FF4C896B3CD87056" bold="true" box="[151,658,1340,1365]" pageId="13" pageNumber="196">
<emphasis id="B95FE33EFF9F9E52FF4C896B3F997056" bold="true" box="[151,467,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="196">Holoengythrips maynardae</emphasis>
Mound &amp; Tree
</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="131023A9FF9F9E52FD78896B3CBD7057" box="[675,759,1340,1365]" captionStart="FIGURES 16 – 21" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1956,1978]" captionTargetBox="[179,1434,200,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,195,1934]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 16 – 21. Phlaeothripidae species. (16) Bamboosiella cingulata; (17) Buffettithrips rauti; (18) Haplothrips gowdeyi; (19) Holoengythrips maynardae; (20) Hoplandrothrips leai, male; (21) Priesneria akestra." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242486/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="196">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
): Both sexes of this impressive species have been taken on
<collectingCountry id="F33C7FBCFF9F9E52FF4C89083F71707B" box="[151,315,1375,1400]" name="Norfolk Island" pageId="13" pageNumber="196">Norfolk Island</collectingCountry>
from dead branches, along Bird Rock Track and Red Road. Presumably endemic to
<collectingCountry id="F33C7FBCFF9F9E52FB2A89083BD2707B" box="[1265,1432,1375,1400]" name="Norfolk Island" pageId="13" pageNumber="196">Norfolk Island</collectingCountry>
, it is the
<typeStatus id="5490818EFF9F9E52FF2F89D23F6E709E" box="[244,292,1413,1437]" pageId="13" pageNumber="196">type</typeStatus>
species of a genus that includes several similar fungus-feeding species that live on dead branches in eastern
<collectingCountry id="F33C7FBCFF9F9E52FF3689F03F1E70C3" box="[237,340,1447,1472]" name="Australia" pageId="13" pageNumber="196">Australia</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA42DDFF9F9E52FEB989F03C1670C3" author="Mound" box="[354,604,1447,1472]" pageId="13" pageNumber="196" refString="Mound, L. A. &amp; Tree, D. J. (2014 a) Fungus-feeding phlaeothripine Thysanoptera in the genus Holothrips from Australia and New Caledonia, with a structurally similar new genus, Holoengythrips. Zootaxa, 3860 (2), 125 - 148. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3860.2.2" type="journal article" year="2014" yearSuffix="a">Mound &amp; Tree 2014a</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3316CA7FF9F9E52FF4C89B83CA872BA" pageId="13" pageNumber="196" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B943F2CFF9F9E52FF4C89B83CA872BA" blockId="13.[151,1437,1519,2013]" pageId="13" pageNumber="196">
<taxonomicName id="4C2B44AFFF9F9E52FF4C89B83FB7730B" ID-CoL="3MJT8" authority="Karny" authorityName="Karny" box="[151,509,1519,1544]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Hoplandrothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="196" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leai">
<emphasis id="B95FE33EFF9F9E52FF4C89B83FB7730B" bold="true" box="[151,509,1519,1544]" pageId="13" pageNumber="196">
<emphasis id="B95FE33EFF9F9E52FF4C89B83FC5730B" bold="true" box="[151,399,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="196">Hoplandrothrips leai</emphasis>
(Karny)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="131023A9FF9F9E52FDC989B83C27730B" box="[530,621,1519,1544]" captionStart="FIGURES 16 – 21" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1956,1978]" captionTargetBox="[179,1434,200,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,195,1934]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 16 – 21. Phlaeothripidae species. (16) Bamboosiella cingulata; (17) Buffettithrips rauti; (18) Haplothrips gowdeyi; (19) Holoengythrips maynardae; (20) Hoplandrothrips leai, male; (21) Priesneria akestra." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242486/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="196">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
): This species was described by
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA42DDFF9F9E52FBDB89A73AD4730B" author="Karny" box="[1024,1182,1519,1544]" pageId="13" pageNumber="196" refString="Karny, H. (1925) On a new Phloeothrips (Thysanoptera) from Norfolk Island. Records of the South Australian Museum, 3, 37 - 39." type="journal article" year="1925">Karny (1925)</bibRefCitation>
from two specimens collected on
<collectingCountry id="F33C7FBCFF9F9E52FEFE8A433F82732E" box="[293,456,1556,1581]" name="Norfolk Island" pageId="13" pageNumber="196">Norfolk Island</collectingCountry>
by AM Lea of the South Australian Museum. No trace of these two specimens has been found in any museum collection, in
<collectingCountry id="F33C7FBCFF9F9E52FD908A603CFB7353" box="[587,689,1591,1616]" name="Australia" pageId="13" pageNumber="196">Australia</collectingCountry>
or Europe. However, in
<date id="FF9519ECFF9F9E52FC3A8A603AD27353" box="[993,1176,1591,1616]" pageId="13" pageNumber="196" value="2013-12">December 2013</date>
breeding populations, including bright red larvae, of this fungus-feeding species were found at several sites on the island, living superficially on dead branches of various trees. Within the forest it was found on
<taxonomicName id="4C2B44AFFF9F9E52FBC58A283B2F739B" ID-CoL="6DZKN" box="[1054,1381,1663,1688]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Celastraceae" genus="Elaeodendron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Celastrales" pageId="13" pageNumber="196" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="curtipendulum">
<emphasis id="B95FE33EFF9F9E52FBC58A283B2F739B" box="[1054,1381,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="196">Elaeodendron curtipendulum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and outside the forest it was found on
<taxonomicName id="4C2B44AFFF9F9E52FDC68AF23C2873BF" ID-CoL="7XR8" box="[541,610,1701,1724]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Meliaceae" genus="Toona" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="13" pageNumber="196" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95FE33EFF9F9E52FDC68AF23C2873BF" box="[541,610,1701,1724]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="196">Toona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
at Prince Philip Drive, on
<taxonomicName id="4C2B44AFFF9F9E52FC4D8AF33D9D73BE" box="[918,983,1700,1725]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Meliaceae" genus="Melia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sapindales" pageId="13" pageNumber="196" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95FE33EFF9F9E52FC4D8AF33D9D73BE" box="[918,983,1700,1725]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="196">Melia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C2B44AFFF9F9E52FBCA8AF23A2873BF" ID-CoL="6Y6H" box="[1041,1122,1701,1724]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Prunus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="13" pageNumber="196" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95FE33EFF9F9E52FBCA8AF23A2873BF" box="[1041,1122,1701,1724]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="196">Prunus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
at Highland Lodge, and on
<taxonomicName id="4C2B44AFFF9F9E52FF4C8A903F2A73E3" ID-CoL="3HCXT" box="[151,352,1735,1760]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Proteaceae" genus="Grevillea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Proteales" pageId="13" pageNumber="196" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robusta">
<emphasis id="B95FE33EFF9F9E52FF4C8A903F2A73E3" box="[151,352,1735,1760]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="196">Grevillea robusta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
at 100 Acre Reserve. Within the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C2B44AFFF9F9E52FC958A903A4373E3" ID-CoL="62V8L" box="[846,1033,1735,1760]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Hoplandrothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="196" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95FE33EFF9F9E52FC958A903A4373E3" box="[846,1033,1735,1760]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="196">Hoplandrothrips</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, this species is similar to several Australian and
<collectingCountry id="F33C7FBCFF9F9E52FE9D8ABA3F957206" box="[326,479,1772,1797]" name="New Zealand" pageId="13" pageNumber="196">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
species in the presence of minor setae on the anterior third of the metanotum. It is particularly similar to
<emphasis id="B95FE33EFF9F9E52FE548B583F98722B" box="[399,466,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="196">howei</emphasis>
from Lord Howe Island (
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA42DDFF9F9E52FD358B583D92722B" author="Mound" box="[750,984,1807,1832]" pageId="13" pageNumber="196" refString="Mound, L. A. &amp; Tree, D. J. (2013) Fungus-feeding thrips from Australia in the worldwide genus Hoplandrothrips (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripinae). Zootaxa, 3700 (3), 476 - 494. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3700.3.8" type="journal article" year="2013">Mound &amp; Tree 2013</bibRefCitation>
), but that is more uniformly dark brown, with the head longer and antennal segment III paler and more slender. A single specimen from
<collectingCountry id="F33C7FBCFF9F9E52FB668B623B23724E" box="[1213,1385,1844,1869]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="13" pageNumber="196">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
was mentioned by
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA42DDFF9F9E52FEEC8B003C087273" author="Mound" box="[311,578,1879,1904]" pageId="13" pageNumber="196" refString="Mound, L. A. &amp; Tree, D. J. (2013) Fungus-feeding thrips from Australia in the worldwide genus Hoplandrothrips (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripinae). Zootaxa, 3700 (3), 476 - 494. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3700.3.8" type="journal article" year="2013">Mound and Tree (2013)</bibRefCitation>
as possibly representing
<taxonomicName id="4C2B44AFFF9F9E52FC868B003DCD7273" ID-CoL="3MJT8" box="[861,903,1879,1904]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Hoplandrothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="196" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leai">
<emphasis id="B95FE33EFF9F9E52FC868B003DCD7273" box="[861,903,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="196">leai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but that specimen has darker tibiae and tarsi, a longer tube, and the metanotum with equiangular reticulation medially. The original description lacks structural details, and so a formal description is provided here:
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3316CA7FF9F9E50FF1C8B933C5D773E" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="198" pageId="13" pageNumber="196" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B943F2CFF9F9E51FF1C8B933B237714" blockId="13.[151,1437,1519,2013]" lastBlockId="14.[151,1437,151,645]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="197" pageId="13" pageNumber="196">
<emphasis id="B95FE33EFF9F9E52FF1C8B933FEE72DF" box="[199,420,1988,2013]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="196">Female macroptera</emphasis>
: Brown to dark brown with extensive red hypodermal pigment; tarsi yellow, also base and apex of tibiae, and basal stems of antennal segments III–V. Head with cheeks rounded, constricted to base and protruding behind eyes; dorsal surface reticulate, weak medially; postocular setae capitate, shorter than eye length; stylets retracted to eyes, close together in mid-line; mouth cone pointed, extending across prosternum. Antennae 8- segmented, III with 3 sense cones, IV with 4, VI–VII strongly pedicillate. Pronotum with 5 pairs of pale major setae, with fringed, capitate asymmetric apices; notopleural sutures complete. Fore tarsus with stout tooth. Metanotum with elongate linear reticulation, median setae small and capitate, with about 4 minor discal setae on anterior third. Prosternal basantra absent, ferna often united medially into transverse band; mesopresternum transverse. Fore wing parallel sided, with about 12 duplicated cilia. Pelta bell-shaped; tergites each with 2 pairs of wing-retaining setae, major posteromarginal and posteroangular setae with apices strongly asymmetric and fringed; tergite IX setae S1 and S2 weakly capitate, S3 acute, iS half as long as S1; tube shorter than head, anal setae no longer than tube. Sternites with long, acute posteromarginal setae, and transverse row of about 15 discal setae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B943F2CFF9C9E51FF4C8E733B537786" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,645]" pageId="14" pageNumber="197">
<emphasis id="B95FE33EFF9C9E51FF4C8E733F13773F" box="[151,345,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="197">Male macroptera</emphasis>
: Small male similar to female, large male with more prominent cheek setae, fore femora swollen, fore tarsal tooth larger; pronotal anteroangular setae longer; mesopresternum narrower; tergal major setae not fringed at apex; tergite IX setae S2 short and pointed; sternite VIII posterior half with broad pore plate.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B943F2CFF9C9E51FF4C8EE33A7E7683" blockId="14.[151,1436,692,896]" pageId="14" pageNumber="197">
<taxonomicName id="4C2B44AFFF9C9E51FF4C8EE33FB377CE" authority="De Geer" authorityName="De Geer" box="[151,505,692,717]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Hoplothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="197" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="corticis">
<emphasis id="B95FE33EFF9C9E51FF4C8EE33FB377CE" bold="true" box="[151,505,692,717]" pageId="14" pageNumber="197">
<emphasis id="B95FE33EFF9C9E51FF4C8EE33F3677CE" bold="true" box="[151,380,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="197">Hoplothrips corticis</emphasis>
(De Geer)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: This Holarctic species is known from
<collectingCountry id="F33C7FBCFF9C9E51FC698EE23A0277CE" box="[946,1096,692,717]" name="New Zealand" pageId="14" pageNumber="197">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA42DDFF9C9E51FB8C8EE33B2A77CE" author="Mound" box="[1111,1376,692,717]" pageId="14" pageNumber="197" refString="Mound, L. A. &amp; Walker, A. K. (1986) Tubulifera (Insecta: Thysanoptera). Fauna of New Zealand, 10, 1 - 140." type="journal article" year="1986">Mound &amp; Walker 1986</bibRefCitation>
), and is here recorded from
<collectingCountry id="F33C7FBCFF9C9E51FE4A8E803FB277F3" box="[401,504,727,752]" name="Australia" pageId="14" pageNumber="197">Australia</collectingCountry>
for the first time. Winged and wingless females, together with one wingless male, were taken from dead branches on
<collectingCountry id="F33C7FBCFF9C9E51FDFD8EAB3C847616" box="[550,718,764,789]" name="Norfolk Island" pageId="14" pageNumber="197">Norfolk Island</collectingCountry>
, Bridle Track, in
<date id="FF9519ECFF9C9E51FC4C8EAB3A057617" box="[919,1103,764,789]" pageId="14" pageNumber="197" value="2012-12">December 2012</date>
. These specimens are closely similar in structural detail to European specimens of the species, but have unusually dark antennal segments with IV and V scarcely paler at the base, and even segment III extensively brown. It is distinguished from the following species by the shorter antennal sense cones, and the broader pelta on the abdomen.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B943F2CFF9C9E51FF4C8FF83D107136" blockId="14.[151,1436,943,1077]" pageId="14" pageNumber="197">
<taxonomicName id="4C2B44AFFF9C9E51FF4C8FF83C3876CB" authority="Ananthakrishnan" authorityName="Ananthakrishnan" box="[151,626,943,968]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Hoplothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="197" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">
<emphasis id="B95FE33EFF9C9E51FF4C8FF83C3876CB" bold="true" box="[151,626,943,968]" pageId="14" pageNumber="197">
<emphasis id="B95FE33EFF9C9E51FF4C8FF83FDD76CB" bold="true" box="[151,407,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="197">Hoplothrips orientalis</emphasis>
Ananthakrishnan
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: Colonies of this fungus-feeding species were found on
<collectingCountry id="F33C7FBCFF9C9E51FB2D8FF83BD176CB" box="[1270,1435,943,968]" name="Norfolk Island" pageId="14" pageNumber="197">Norfolk Island</collectingCountry>
living on dead branches in forest at Palm Grove Track and on cut branches at Stockyard Road. This thrips is probably widespread in the Old World tropics, but under other names. Described from
<collectingCountry id="F33C7FBCFF9C9E51FBAA8FA03AE77113" box="[1137,1197,1015,1040]" name="India" pageId="14" pageNumber="197">India</collectingCountry>
, it has been taken on Lord Howe Island,
<collectingCountry id="F33C7FBCFF9C9E51FEAA884A3C407136" box="[369,522,1052,1077]" name="New Zealand" pageId="14" pageNumber="197">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
, and also in eastern
<collectingCountry id="F33C7FBCFF9C9E51FD30884B3D1F7136" box="[747,853,1052,1077]" name="Australia" pageId="14" pageNumber="197">Australia</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B943F2CFF9C9E51FF4C88333C28700F" blockId="14.[151,1436,1124,1293]" pageId="14" pageNumber="197">
<emphasis id="B95FE33EFF9C9E51FF4C88333FBD717E" bold="true" box="[151,503,1124,1149]" pageId="14" pageNumber="197">
<taxonomicName id="4C2B44AFFF9C9E51FF4C88333FB8717E" authority="Jones" authorityName="Jones" box="[151,498,1124,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Karnyothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="197" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavipes">
<emphasis id="B95FE33EFF9C9E51FF4C88333FDB717E" bold="true" box="[151,401,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="197">Karnyothrips flavipes</emphasis>
(Jones)
</taxonomicName>
:
</emphasis>
Known to be a predator of scale insects (
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA42DDFF9C9E51FC0988333A95717F" author="Mound" box="[978,1247,1124,1149]" pageId="14" pageNumber="197" refString="Mound, L. A. &amp; Minaei, K. (2007) Australian insects of the Haplothrips lineage (Thysanoptera - Phlaeothripinae). Journal of Natural History, 41, 2919 - 2978. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930701783219" type="journal article" year="2007">Mound &amp; Minaei 2007</bibRefCitation>
), females of this worldwide species have been seen from various sites on
<collectingCountry id="F33C7FBCFF9C9E51FCCC88D03DF571A3" box="[791,959,1159,1184]" name="Norfolk Island" pageId="14" pageNumber="197">Norfolk Island</collectingCountry>
. One was taken at Stockyard Road in
<date id="FF9519ECFF9C9E51FAB688D03E8571C7" pageId="14" pageNumber="197" value="2013-07">July 2013</date>
from dead sugar cane with another at that site in November, 2014 from coriander flowers. Two were taken on cultivated
<taxonomicName id="4C2B44AFFF9C9E51FED788873F1871E4" box="[268,338,1232,1255]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Citrus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="14" pageNumber="197" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95FE33EFF9C9E51FED788873F1871E4" box="[268,338,1232,1255]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="197">Citrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
trees in
<date id="FF9519ECFF9C9E51FE6888983C2071EB" box="[435,618,1231,1256]" pageId="14" pageNumber="197" value="2013-09">September 2013</date>
and
<date id="FF9519ECFF9C9E51FD7B88873D5971EB" box="[672,787,1232,1256]" pageId="14" pageNumber="197" value="2014-05">May 2014</date>
at Two Chimneys Road, and two from dead
<taxonomicName id="4C2B44AFFF9C9E51FAD188863BCA71EB" box="[1290,1408,1233,1256]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Lagunaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="14" pageNumber="197" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95FE33EFF9C9E51FAD188863BCA71EB" box="[1290,1408,1233,1256]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="197">Lagunaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
at Captain Cook Reserve in
<date id="FF9519ECFF9C9E51FE6D88A33C15700F" box="[438,607,1268,1293]" pageId="14" pageNumber="197" value="2014-02">February 2014</date>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B943F2CFF9C9E51FF4C896B3B7B70C3" blockId="14.[151,1437,1340,1472]" pageId="14" pageNumber="197">
<taxonomicName id="4C2B44AFFF9C9E51FF4C896B3C7B7056" authority="Bagnall" authorityName="Bagnall" box="[151,561,1340,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Karnyothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="197" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melaleucus">
<emphasis id="B95FE33EFF9C9E51FF4C896B3C7B7056" bold="true" box="[151,561,1340,1365]" pageId="14" pageNumber="197">
<emphasis id="B95FE33EFF9C9E51FF4C896B3FF07056" bold="true" box="[151,442,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="197">Karnyothrips melaleucus</emphasis>
(Bagnall)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: Widespread around the world as a predator of other small insects, including scale insects (
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA42DDFF9C9E51FEEA89083C73707B" author="Mound" box="[305,569,1375,1400]" pageId="14" pageNumber="197" refString="Mound, L. A. &amp; Minaei, K. (2007) Australian insects of the Haplothrips lineage (Thysanoptera - Phlaeothripinae). Journal of Natural History, 41, 2919 - 2978. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930701783219" type="journal article" year="2007">Mound &amp; Minaei 2007</bibRefCitation>
), females of this species have been taken at many sites across
<collectingCountry id="F33C7FBCFF9C9E51FB2A89083BD3707B" box="[1265,1433,1375,1400]" name="Norfolk Island" pageId="14" pageNumber="197">Norfolk Island</collectingCountry>
. Commonly associated with dried grasses, a considerable population was found living at the base of Kikuyu Grass in 100 Acre Reserve in
<date id="FF9519ECFF9C9E51FE7B89F03C6170C3" box="[416,555,1447,1472]" pageId="14" pageNumber="197" value="2014-03">March 2014</date>
, and in similar grass at the
<taxonomicName id="4C2B44AFFF9C9E51FC8789F03A1B70C3" authority="Plantation" authorityName="Plantation" box="[860,1105,1447,1472]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Eucalyptus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="14" pageNumber="197" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95FE33EFF9C9E51FC8789F03D9370C3" box="[860,985,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="197">Eucalyptus</emphasis>
Plantation
</taxonomicName>
in
<date id="FF9519ECFF9C9E51FBAE89F03B6770C3" box="[1141,1325,1447,1472]" pageId="14" pageNumber="197" value="2014-11">November 2014</date>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B943F2CFF9C9E51FF4C89B83B29739B" blockId="14.[151,1436,1519,1689]" pageId="14" pageNumber="197">
<taxonomicName id="4C2B44AFFF9C9E51FF4C89B83C75730B" authority="Mound &amp; Tree" authorityName="Mound &amp; Tree" box="[151,575,1519,1544]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Lissothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="197" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="taverni">
<emphasis id="B95FE33EFF9C9E51FF4C89B83C75730B" bold="true" box="[151,575,1519,1544]" pageId="14" pageNumber="197">
<emphasis id="B95FE33EFF9C9E51FF4C89B83F3E730B" bold="true" box="[151,372,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="197">Lissothrips taverni</emphasis>
Mound &amp; Tree
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: The species of this genus all live in association with mosses, and are widespread in the warmer parts of the world (
<bibRefCitation id="EFBA42DDFF9C9E51FD688A433DE6732E" author="Mound" box="[691,940,1556,1581]" pageId="14" pageNumber="197" refString="Mound, L. A. &amp; Tree, D. J. (2015) Species of Lissothrips and Williamsiella from mosses and lichens in Australia and New Zealand (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripinae). Zootaxa, 3946 (3), 361 - 373. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3946.3.4" type="journal article" year="2015">Mound &amp; Tree 2015</bibRefCitation>
). The species recorded here is presumably endemic to
<collectingCountry id="F33C7FBCFF9C9E51FEC48A603F837353" box="[287,457,1591,1616]" name="Norfolk Island" pageId="14" pageNumber="197">Norfolk Island</collectingCountry>
, and was taken at several sites in the National Park. It was particularly abundant on mosses and lichen growing on the dead branches of a fallen
<taxonomicName id="4C2B44AFFF9C9E51FC978A0B3ADC7376" box="[844,1174,1628,1653]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Celastraceae" genus="Elaeodendron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Celastrales" pageId="14" pageNumber="197" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="curtipendulum">
<emphasis id="B95FE33EFF9C9E51FC978A0B3ADC7376" box="[844,1174,1628,1653]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="197">Elaeodendron curtipendulum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on Red Road, but was also taken from dead
<taxonomicName id="4C2B44AFFF9C9E51FE538AD63FB4739B" box="[392,510,1665,1688]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Lagunaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="14" pageNumber="197" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95FE33EFF9C9E51FE538AD63FB4739B" box="[392,510,1665,1688]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="197">Lagunaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
branches at Prince Philip Drive, and from mossy dead branches on Mt Bates.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B943F2CFF9C9E51FF4C8A903F917296" blockId="14.[151,1436,1735,1941]" pageId="14" pageNumber="197">
<taxonomicName id="4C2B44AFFF9C9E51FF4C8A903C9F73E3" authority="Bournier" authorityName="Bournier" box="[151,725,1735,1760]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Macrophthalmothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="197" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neocaledonensis">
<emphasis id="B95FE33EFF9C9E51FF4C8A903C9F73E3" bold="true" box="[151,725,1735,1760]" pageId="14" pageNumber="197">
<emphasis id="B95FE33EFF9C9E51FF4C8A903C1773E3" bold="true" box="[151,605,1735,1760]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="197">Macrophthalmothrips neocaledonensis</emphasis>
Bournier
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="131023A9FF9C9E51FD338A903D0A73E3" box="[744,832,1735,1760]" captionStart="FIGURES 27 – 32" captionStartId="17.[151,264,1950,1972]" captionTargetBox="[161,1436,195,1925]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,189,1928]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 27 – 32. Phlaeothripidae species. (27) Macrophthalmothrips neocaledonensis large male; (28) Plectrothrips australis; (29) Psalidothrips taylori apterous female; (30) Sophiothrips martinae male; (31) Stephanothrips barretti; (32) Stephanothrips occidentalis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242488/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="197">Fig. 27</figureCitation>
): Previously known only from
<collectingCountry id="F33C7FBCFF9C9E51FB6B8A9E3B2F73E3" box="[1200,1381,1735,1760]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="14" pageNumber="197">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
, this species is here newly recorded for
<collectingCountry id="F33C7FBCFF9C9E51FDC68ABB3CCD7206" box="[541,647,1772,1797]" name="Australia" pageId="14" pageNumber="197">Australia</collectingCountry>
. It is a fungus-feeding species, and large numbers were found on dead branches of
<taxonomicName id="4C2B44AFFF9C9E51FEFA8B473FDE7224" box="[289,404,1808,1831]" class="Pinopsida" family="Araucariaceae" genus="Araucaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="14" pageNumber="197" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95FE33EFF9C9E51FEFA8B473FDE7224" box="[289,404,1808,1831]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="197">Araucaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C2B44AFFF9C9E51FE798B463FAD722B" box="[418,487,1809,1832]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Meliaceae" genus="Toona" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="14" pageNumber="197" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95FE33EFF9C9E51FE798B463FAD722B" box="[418,487,1809,1832]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="197">Toona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C2B44AFFF9C9E51FDC58B583C2A722B" box="[542,608,1807,1832]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Meliaceae" genus="Melia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sapindales" pageId="14" pageNumber="197" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95FE33EFF9C9E51FDC58B583C2A722B" box="[542,608,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="197">Melia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
at several sites on
<collectingCountry id="F33C7FBCFF9C9E51FCED8B583D97722B" box="[822,989,1807,1832]" name="Norfolk Island" pageId="14" pageNumber="197">Norfolk Island</collectingCountry>
, including Bird Rock Track, Red Road, and Highland Lodge. As with other members of this genus, this species is brightly coloured, with large red eyes and the body black, white and yellow. It is sexually dimorphic, and many of the males have greatly expanded fore femora bearing a large tooth.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B943F2CFF9C9E50FF4C8B933C5D773E" blockId="14.[151,1436,1988,2013]" lastBlockId="15.[151,1437,151,573]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="198" pageId="14" pageNumber="197">
<taxonomicName id="4C2B44AFFF9C9E51FF4C8B933C4172DE" authority="Okajima" authorityName="Okajima" box="[151,523,1988,2013]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Plectrothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="197" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australis">
<emphasis id="B95FE33EFF9C9E51FF4C8B933C4172DE" bold="true" box="[151,523,1988,2013]" pageId="14" pageNumber="197">
<emphasis id="B95FE33EFF9C9E51FF4C8B933FD372DE" bold="true" box="[151,409,1988,2013]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="197">Plectrothrips australis</emphasis>
Okajima
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="131023A9FF9C9E51FDC78B933C3B72DF" box="[540,625,1988,2013]" captionStart="FIGURES 27 – 32" captionStartId="17.[151,264,1950,1972]" captionTargetBox="[161,1436,195,1925]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,189,1928]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 27 – 32. Phlaeothripidae species. (27) Macrophthalmothrips neocaledonensis large male; (28) Plectrothrips australis; (29) Psalidothrips taylori apterous female; (30) Sophiothrips martinae male; (31) Stephanothrips barretti; (32) Stephanothrips occidentalis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242488/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="197">Fig. 28</figureCitation>
): This species was known previously only from the original specimens that were taken in quarantine at Boston,
<collectingCountry id="F33C7FBCFF9D9E50FDBC8CCF3CFD75B3" box="[615,695,152,176]" name="United States of America" pageId="15" pageNumber="198">U.S.A.</collectingCountry>
, “under bark” said to have originated from
<collectingCountry id="F33C7FBCFF9D9E50FB708CC03B5F75B3" box="[1195,1301,151,176]" name="Australia" pageId="15" pageNumber="198">Australia</collectingCountry>
. During the course of the present studies one female and three males of
<taxonomicName id="4C2B44AFFF9D9E50FCA98CEB3D9E75D6" box="[882,980,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Plectrothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="198" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australis">
<emphasis id="B95FE33EFF9D9E50FCA98CEB3D9E75D6" box="[882,980,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="198">australis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have been studied from Mt Glorious, Queensland. On
<collectingCountry id="F33C7FBCFF9D9E50FE8E8C883FB675FB" box="[341,508,223,248]" name="Norfolk Island" pageId="15" pageNumber="198">Norfolk Island</collectingCountry>
, considerable numbers of
<taxonomicName id="4C2B44AFFF9D9E50FCFD8C883DC275FB" box="[806,904,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Plectrothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="198" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australis">
<emphasis id="B95FE33EFF9D9E50FCFD8C883DC275FB" box="[806,904,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="198">australis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were beaten from dead branches of
<taxonomicName id="4C2B44AFFF9D9E50FAFD8CB63B2175FB" box="[1318,1387,225,248]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Meliaceae" genus="Toona" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="15" pageNumber="198" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95FE33EFF9D9E50FAFD8CB63B2175FB" box="[1318,1387,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="198">Toona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C2B44AFFF9D9E50FF4C8D523F47741F" box="[151,269,261,284]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Lagunaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="15" pageNumber="198" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95FE33EFF9D9E50FF4C8D523F47741F" box="[151,269,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="198">Lagunaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
at Prince Philip Drive in
<date id="FF9519ECFF9D9E50FDEE8D533D39741F" box="[565,883,260,285]" pageId="15" pageNumber="198" value="2014-03" valueMax="2014-11-31" valueMin="2014-03-00">March and November 2014</date>
. Most of these specimens were males, and these varied greatly in size—the distended body length of males ranging from 1900 to 3200 microns, with the largest female 3500 microns long. Moreover, large individuals of both sexes have a tubercle on the inner apex of the fore tibia that is not developed in small individuals, and these small individuals have no indication of the scale-like sternal areas that are so extensive in large individuals. Although most specimens were micropterous, with a few macropterae, three specimens were hemimacropterous with the wings slightly longer than the thorax width.
<taxonomicName id="4C2B44AFFF9D9E50FA5C8DEE3EB374F6" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Plectrothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="198" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australis">
<emphasis id="B95FE33EFF9D9E50FA5C8DEE3EB374F6" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="198">P. australis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has two stout thorn-like setae at the apex of the mid-tibiae. However, a few specimens have been seen from
<collectingCountry id="F33C7FBCFF9D9E50FF038DA83F35771B" box="[216,383,511,536]" name="Norfolk Island" pageId="15" pageNumber="198">Norfolk Island</collectingCountry>
with only one pair of stout setae on the mid-tibiae, and these possibly represent a further unidentified
<taxonomicName id="4C2B44AFFF9D9E50FEFE8E733FF2773E" box="[293,440,548,573]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Plectrothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="198" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95FE33EFF9D9E50FEFE8E733FF2773E" box="[293,440,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="198">Plectrothrips</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
Reference in a new issue View git blame Copy permalink