233 lines
19 KiB
XML
233 lines
19 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.703.13385" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e1e83ca0-ed07-4f17-bd7e-1cedbac15bbc" ID-PMC="PMC5673978" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-703-15" ID-PubMed="29118604" ID-ZBK="9BAAB4A5CDE1493B8A0413D8F301E198" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2017" ModsDocID="1313-2970-703-15" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 703" ModsDocTitle="Taxonomy of North European Lumbricillus (Clitellata, Enchytraeidae)" checkinTime="1506576699266" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Klinth, Marten J., Rota, Emilia & Erseus, Christer" docDate="2017" docId="1A471E51D86660C8C499E485A1DC8002" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 703: 15-96" docOrigin="ZooKeys 703" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.703.13385" docTitle="Lumbricillus sp. H" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="50" masterDocId="B248FFB4FF91C20DCE56FFE7FF875A5A" masterDocTitle="Taxonomy of North European Lumbricillus (Clitellata, Enchytraeidae)" masterLastPageNumber="96" masterPageNumber="15" pageNumber="47" updateTime="1668164858576" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Taxonomy of North European Lumbricillus (Clitellata, Enchytraeidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Klinth, Marten J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Rota, Emilia</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Erseus, Christer</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2017</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>703</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>15</mods:start>
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<mods:end>96</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.703.13385</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.703.13385</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-703-15</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">9BAAB4A5CDE1493B8A0413D8F301E198</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">9BAAB4A5CDE1493B8A0413D8F301E198</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="134860647" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1A471E51D86660C8C499E485A1DC8002" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1A471E51D86660C8C499E485A1DC8002" lastPageId="35" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="32" pageNumber="47">
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<subSubSection pageId="32" pageNumber="47" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="32" pageNumber="47">
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<taxonomicName authority="sp. H" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Lumbricillus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lumbricillus" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="32" pageNumber="47" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Lumbricillus sp. H</taxonomicName>
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Fig. 22
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="33" pageNumber="48" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="33" pageNumber="48">
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<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Lumbricillus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lumbricillus" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="33" pageNumber="48" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="33" pageNumber="48" start="start">Lumbricillus</pageBreakToken>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. H;
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<bibRefCitation author="Klinth, MJ" journalOrPublisher="Zoologica Scripta" pageId="46" pageNumber="61" pagination="96 - 110" title="Phylogeny and species delimitation of North European Lumbricillus (Clitellata, Enchytraeidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12187" volume="46" year="2017">Klinth et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="33" pageNumber="48" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="33" pageNumber="48">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="33" pageNumber="48">ZMBN 107945 (CE23136), ZMBN 107947 (CE24967) & ZMBN 107948 (CE24968), three half mature specimens from Norway. For information on specimen collection localities and GenBank accession numbers see Appendix 1.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="33" pageNumber="48" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="33" pageNumber="48">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="33" pageNumber="48">
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White to orange worms. Length (fixed worms) more than 3.8-5.4 mm (amputated specimens), first 15 segments 2.0-2.8 mm long, width at clitellum 0.40-0.42 mm. More than 31-33 segments. Chaetae straight or slightly sigmoid (Fig. 22A). Lateral bundles with 2-3 chaetae anterior to clitellum, 2 chaetae in postclitellar segments. Ventral bundles with 2-3 chaetae anterior to clitellum, 2 chaetae posteriorly. Each
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<normalizedToken originalValue="worm’s">worm's</normalizedToken>
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longest measured chaetae 70-75
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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long, about 5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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wide. Clitellum extending over
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<normalizedToken originalValue="XII–">XII-</normalizedToken>
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1/2XIII. Head pore at 0/1. Epidermis with transverse rows of gland cells.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="33" pageNumber="48">
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Coelomocytes numerous, 15-20
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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long, spindle-shaped, oval, round, granulated with distinct nucleus. Paired pharyngeal glands present in IV, V and VI, sometimes extending into VII; each pair converging dorsally (Fig. 22B). Dorsal vessel originating in XIII. Nephridia observed in
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<normalizedToken originalValue="XIII–XXVIII">XIII-XXVIII</normalizedToken>
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, 100-145
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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long, anteseptale funnel only, postseptale oval, tapering into efferent duct. Brain with posterior incision.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="33" pageNumber="48">
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Male genitalia paired. Testes (Fig. 22D) originating in XI, extending forwards into X, in one specimen back into XII, with testis sacs covering mass of irregularly arranged lobes. Sperm funnels in XI, 145-170
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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long, 45-50
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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wide, making them 3-4 times longer than wide, funnels tapering towards vasa deferentia. Most of vasa irregularly coiled in XII, 10
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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wide. Penial bulbs (Fig. 22E) slightly bilobed, 85-120
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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in diameter. Ovaries in XII. Mature eggs not observed.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="33" pageNumber="48">
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Spermathecae (Fig. 22C) in V, pouch-shaped. Ectal duct long, gradually widening. Ampulla not clearly set off from duct, entally connecting with oesophagus. No sperm observed. Spermathecae 125-145
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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long, 25-40
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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wide at widest part. Gland cells surrounding ectal pore, divided into several lobes, whole glandular body 35-65
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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in diameter at its widest part. Two midventral subneural glands in
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<normalizedToken originalValue="XV–">XV-</normalizedToken>
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XVI, 45-100
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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, 50-65
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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long, respectively.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="33" pageNumber="48">
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<paragraph pageId="33" pageNumber="48">
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Figure 22.
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<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Lumbricillus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lumbricillus" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="33" pageNumber="48" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Lumbricillus</taxonomicName>
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sp. H. A Chaetal bundle B Anterior body C Spermatheca D Testis E Penial bulb. Abbreviations under general notes. Scale bars: 100
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="33" pageNumber="48" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="33" pageNumber="48">Geographical distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="33" pageNumber="48">Genetically identified from Norway.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="35" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="33" pageNumber="48" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="33" pageNumber="48">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="49" pageId="33" pageNumber="48">
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Initial comparisons found similarities between this species and
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<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Lumbricillus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lumbricillus westheidei" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="33" pageNumber="48" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="westheidei">Lumbricillus westheidei</taxonomicName>
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Kossmagk-Stephan, 1983, such as similar shape of spermathecae and slightly bilobed penial bulbs. However, having re-examined
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Kossmagk-Stephan’s">Kossmagk-Stephan's</normalizedToken>
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type material we found some important differences compared to our specimens. First,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="L. westheidei" pageId="33" pageNumber="48" rank="species" species="westheidei">L. westheidei</taxonomicName>
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has only two chaetae per bundle, whereas our specimens have up to three chaetae in the preclitellar segments (the position of the upper bundles is identical in the two species). Second, the three pairs of pharyngeal glands are clearly separated in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="L. westheidei" pageId="33" pageNumber="48" rank="species" species="westheidei">L. westheidei</taxonomicName>
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but in our specimens at least the first two pairs appear to have a dorsal connection. Third, the testis sacs of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="L. westheidei" pageId="33" pageNumber="48" rank="species" species="westheidei">L. westheidei</taxonomicName>
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are much smaller than the ones we observed in our specimens. Fourth, the vasa deferentia appear to be much longer and form many more coils in segment XII in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="L. westheidei" pageId="33" pageNumber="48" rank="species" species="westheidei">L. westheidei</taxonomicName>
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compared to our
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<taxonomicName genus="L." lsidName="L." pageId="33" pageNumber="48" rank="genus">L.</taxonomicName>
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sp. H. Finally,
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<pageBreakToken pageId="34" pageNumber="49" start="start">the</pageBreakToken>
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sperm funnels of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="L. westheidei" pageId="34" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="westheidei">L. westheidei</taxonomicName>
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are about 10 times longer than wide, against the 4:1 length:width ratio observed in our specimens. Unfortunately, none of our examined specimens appeared to be fully mature, as sperm were not observed either at the sperm funnels or in the spermathecae, and there were no mature eggs present. This suggests that the sperm funnels and spermathecae were not fully developed and could at maturity resemble those of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="L. westheidei" pageId="34" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="westheidei">L. westheidei</taxonomicName>
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more. Due to this uncertainty we cannot completely rule out that our specimens are of the same species as
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<taxonomicName lsidName="L. westheidei" pageId="34" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="westheidei">L. westheidei</taxonomicName>
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; however, for now we will continue to treat it as an unknown species, simply referred to as
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<taxonomicName genus="L." lsidName="L." pageId="34" pageNumber="49" rank="genus">L.</taxonomicName>
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sp. H.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="35" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="34" pageNumber="49">
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Since
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<taxonomicName lsidName="L. westheidei" pageId="34" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="westheidei">L. westheidei</taxonomicName>
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resembles, in its general morphology, our
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<taxonomicName genus="L." lsidName="L." pageId="34" pageNumber="49" rank="genus">L.</taxonomicName>
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sp. H, it is important to add some notes on its generic allocation.
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<bibRefCitation author="Kossmagk-Stephan, KJ" journalOrPublisher="Mikrofauna des Meeresbodens" pageId="46" pageNumber="61" pagination="1 - 28" title="Marine Oligochaeta from a sandy beach of the island of Sylt (North Sea) with description of four new enchytraeid species." volume="89" year="1983">Kossmagk-Stephan (1983)</bibRefCitation>
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questioned the placement in
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<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Lumbricillus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lumbricillus" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="34" pageNumber="49" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Lumbricillus</taxonomicName>
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due to the undivided testis sacs. He had also observed this feature in some other "
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<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Lumbricillus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lumbricillus" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="34" pageNumber="49" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Lumbricillus</taxonomicName>
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" species, such as
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<taxonomicName lsidName="L. arenarius" pageId="34" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="arenarius">L. arenarius</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName lsidName="L. semifuscus" pageId="34" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="semifuscus">L. semifuscus</taxonomicName>
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, the latter here below transferred to
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<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Claparedrilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Claparedrilus" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="34" pageNumber="49" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Claparedrilus</taxonomicName>
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gen. n. Furthermore, he noted a similarity in the morphology of the spermathecae between
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<taxonomicName lsidName="L. westheidei" pageId="34" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="westheidei">L. westheidei</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="L. buelowi" pageId="34" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="buelowi">L. buelowi</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="L. knoellneri" pageId="34" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="knoellneri">L. knoellneri</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName lsidName="L. codensis" pageId="35" pageNumber="50" rank="species" species="codensis">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="35" pageNumber="50" start="start">L</pageBreakToken>
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. codensis
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</taxonomicName>
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Lasserre, 1971. In 1985, Coates and
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Erséus">Erseus</normalizedToken>
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established the new genus
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<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Randidrilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Randidrilus" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="35" pageNumber="50" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Randidrilus</taxonomicName>
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and designated
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<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Lumbricillus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lumbricillus codensis" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="35" pageNumber="50" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="codensis">Lumbricillus codensis</taxonomicName>
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as its type species. Because of the resemblance to the latter in the bilobed penial bulb, the long spermathecal ectal duct, the long sperm funnels and the undivided testis sac,
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<bibRefCitation pageId="35" pageNumber="50">Kossmagk-Stephan (1985)</bibRefCitation>
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proposed in his doctoral thesis the new combination,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="R. westheidei" pageId="35" pageNumber="50" rank="species" species="westheidei">R. westheidei</taxonomicName>
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, and since then the species was regarded as another member of
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<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Randidrilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Randidrilus" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="35" pageNumber="50" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Randidrilus</taxonomicName>
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(Coates, 1989; Mackei and
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Erséus">Erseus</normalizedToken>
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1997;
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<bibRefCitation author="Schmelz, RM" journalOrPublisher="Newsletter on Enchytraeidae" pageId="48" pageNumber="63" pagination="67 - 87" title="An updated checklist of currently accepted species of Enchytraeidae (Oligochaeta, Annelida)." volume="12" year="2012">Schmelz and Collado 2012</bibRefCitation>
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). However, we confirm here that, unlike other species of
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<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Randidrilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Randidrilus" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="35" pageNumber="50" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Randidrilus</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="L. westheidei" pageId="35" pageNumber="50" rank="species" species="westheidei">L. westheidei</taxonomicName>
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has more than a single chaeta per bundle, does not lack chaetae in numerous lateral and ventral bundles and does not have an unpaired sperm sac extending backwards into postclitellar segments. Instead,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="L. westheidei" pageId="35" pageNumber="50" rank="species" species="westheidei">L. westheidei</taxonomicName>
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resembles members of the
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<taxonomicName lsidName="arenarius" pageId="35" pageNumber="50" rank="species" species="arenarius">arenarius</taxonomicName>
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group within
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<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Lumbricillus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lumbricillus" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="35" pageNumber="50" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Lumbricillus</taxonomicName>
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by having few chaetae, long sperm funnels, slightly bilobed penial bulbs and paired testis sacs that are not regularly lobed. Therefore, we transfer this species back from
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<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Randidrilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Randidrilus" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="35" pageNumber="50" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Randidrilus</taxonomicName>
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into
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<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Lumbricillus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lumbricillus" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="35" pageNumber="50" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Lumbricillus</taxonomicName>
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, making it
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<taxonomicName lsidName="L. westheidei" pageId="35" pageNumber="50" rank="species" species="westheidei">L. westheidei</taxonomicName>
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once again.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="35" pageNumber="50">
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<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Lumbricillus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lumbricillus" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="35" pageNumber="50" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Lumbricillus</taxonomicName>
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sp. H is genetically closely related to
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<taxonomicName lsidName="L. arenarius" pageId="35" pageNumber="50" rank="species" species="arenarius">L. arenarius</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName lsidName="L. dubius" pageId="35" pageNumber="50" rank="species" species="dubius">L. dubius</taxonomicName>
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(Stephenson, 1911) (Fig. 1).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |